Statistical Significance, the Null Hypothesis and P-Values Defined & Explained in One Minute
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- Опубликовано: 21 авг 2024
- We shouldn't accept the conclusions of let's say a study before also thinking about whether or not the findings are statistically significant.
Statistical significance may seem like a prohibitively complex term but in reality, determining whether or not findings are statistically significant isn't that difficult.
As we're about to find out, it's ultimately all a matter of accepting or rejecting the null hypothesis we start with and calculating p-values. And fortunately, calculating p-values won't be something you have to do by hand :)
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ive been trying to figure this out all day and this 2 minute video just explained it perfectly. bless!
This was EXTREMELY helpful, I have watched 1 hour worth of videos trying to find a good explanation of the null hypothesis. Thank you SO much!!!
It's difficult to describe in words how good comments like yours make me feel about my work. THANK YOU! :)
@@OneMinuteEconomics Yes, absolutely agreed. Your video was a breakthrough for me too. Thanks so much for making it.
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Suppose p is 0.001, it suggests to reject null H. Does it mean that there is 0.1% likelihood of that difference is by chance ?
@@laxmanbisht2638 Yep
What a rough concept to explain in such a short time (kudos to you for doing such a fantastic job). I love the explanation of the Null Hypothesis. It was sweet and extremely simple. I think I was lost on the example given and how it related to the P-Value. Perhaps a more detailed definition of the P-value is the "confidence interval" or the possibility of the Null Hypothesis being correct. I assumed throughout the video that the P-value was the range of values that would've been acceptable/realistic to expect John to roll a 6. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I don't think you ever explained the relationship of the P-value to WHY a lower one is good. It's just assumed that a lower P-value is good for John and rejecting the Null Hypothesis. If you had briefly mentioned, "The P-value is a statistical number that is calculated in determining if John's method has no change in John's chances in rolling a 6. A higher P-value (0.50) would suggest that his methods don't change anything from the 1-in-6 chance about 50% of the time. Thus a higher P-value proves that his methods are a hoax (null hypothesis) and a lower one (say 0.04) is great for rejecting the null hypothesis and high-fiving John for inventing a cool method."
Took stats a long time ago and this is the quick refresher I needed to solidify the main ideas. I really appreciate this video!
And *I* appreciate the kind words, means waaaay more to creators than people realize :)
@@OneMinuteEconomics :)
holy fuck, I just did a month of uni that was heavy on stats, and I didn't get it until I watched this 2-minute video. Thanks.
I was really stuck on this and you explained it in a 2 minute video. Thank you so much.
Here to serve :D
This is the best explanation I've gotten so far. Thank you
yes this is what i was looking. Thanks for making it simple.
Listen!!! Thank you thank you thank you! I have read my textbook on this section over and over again. I’ve listened to two other videos-but yours resonated!
THANK YOU SOOOO MUCH! THANK YOU THANK YOU AND MAY THE UNIVERSE BLESS YOU!!!! (night before exam)
Hope you did well, thanks for the kind words and glad you liked the video!
Education is so much better when the material is explained clearly
Thanks a lot for the kind words :)
studying for the ap exam and this helps thx
So what is the p value. This is not explained.
p-value is the probability of obtaining a result at least as extreme as the correct one, assuming that H null is true.
It is explained indirectly: a p-value of 0.04 means loosely that there is a 4% chance that these were just random results and don’t actually support John’s hypothesis. The p-value is a statistic found after data analysis that tells us whether these results represent something systemic (like John is proposing with the dice being different) or just random luck/chance.
this saved my life!!! thanks
You're more than welcome Miguel :)
God i wasted hours trying to understand and then you explained it in two mins. Idk if I should be happy or sad!
Well, I for one am happy to hear that the video has been effective :)
Perfect explanation
Thanks a lot for the kind words, glad you liked my way of explaining the concepts :)
Thank you so much! I really really appreciate it. Keep it up! I've been trying to understand p-value for how many days now but this video really enlightened my mind. Yay!
Awesome, you're more than welcome! :)
Thank you so very much. Your video proved a saviour for me
Happy to hear that, thanks a lot for dropping by and taking the time to say something nice :)
Short and Sweet. Thanks!
You're more than welcome Usagi, thank YOU for dropping by and saying something nice :)
this video made all the information that was thrown at me by other videos make perfect sense, thank you!
Awesome, really glad to hear that!
this helped a lot, thank you!!!!!!! best video explaining it that i could find so far
Thanks a ton for the kind words Eric, comments like yours always make my day, especially when it comes to topics like this one which are... let's say not the easiest in the world to tackle :)
@@OneMinuteEconomics i watched sooo msny videos and they all failed to help me understand. then i found your video and i really appreciate how simply you explained it. now your example is forever in my head and i use it as my #1 go-to example for how p-value and null hypothesis works :)
so touching for an excellent video
Thanks for the video!
Your content is so touching
Thank you :)
Wow perfect example and explanation.
Glad you liked the explanation Brian :)
what would you suggest a novice researcher do with with relationships that are not statistically significant?
You are amazing man❤
what a great video. thank you so much.
Thank YOU for taking the time to say something nice :)
Excellent. Never ever heard such a clear and detailed explanation on Statistical Significance, though in one minute. Thank you.
Thank you very much bro!
You are more than welcome :)
Awesome explanation!!!
Really happy you feel that way, thanks! :)
Thank you!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Even though the P-value was sufficient to reject the nul hypothesis, is this proof that John’s technique works? Could some other factor be at play? For example, could the dice have been non-standard in some way? It’s not enough that the dice rolling study found a statistically significant effect that was consist with John’s claim. A different sort of study is needed in order to disconfirm John’s claim.
No it isn't proof that it works. It only shows that there is an alternative hypothesis which has to be demonstrated
It supports that an alternative hypothesis like John’s is at play, so then you would keep using different methods to test and eliminate the other alternatives to further support John’s hypothesis (or find a better alternative hypothesis)
Thank you!
The explanation was very good but the video was GREAT!
Thank you for making P-value so easy.
Thank YOU for taking the time to say something nice about my work :)
Is .047 statistically significant? Please, just yes or no. I'm struggling enough.
With the caveat that there can be industry/field-specific particularities, the answer is that GENERALLY SPEAKING, a p-value lower than 0.05 indicates that YES, we are in statistical significance territory. In other words, absent industry-specific nuances, we can state that even if 0.047 is only marginally lower than 0.05, it's still... well, lower.
As such, if you'd force me to just answer with yes/no... yes would be it.
In our case, there's a 4.7% chance that whatever it is we're analyzing happened by chance. A likelihood low enough for us to state, in most fields, that we can indeed invalidate the null hypothesis.
@@OneMinuteEconomics Is .047 statistically significant?
Yes*
* for most but not all fields/industries
Thank you for going straight to the point. Great video :)
Thanks a lot Sarah, positive comments that validate the one minute concept mean a lot to me! :)
What is p value of 0.43 of 1% means?
The lower the p-value the higher the likelihood the hypothesis is true?
The lower the p-value, the lower the likelihood of your findings being merely the results of chance. So if we have let's say 0.03, you'd say something along the lines of "Here's what we found out, oh and there's a 3% chance these findings are merely due to luck/chance/etc."
So sure, you can say that a lower p-value gives you reasons to believe in your findings more.
H0: John has too much time on his hands.
:))
a derivative of probability is not more significant than actual probability, unless you thrive on belief and hopium.
Way too fast and doesn’t explain what p value is and how it’s different from alpha
It does tho, p is the probability that the findings were by chance, meanwhile alpha (significance level) is the value at which p would be statistically significant. If P is smaller than alpha, then it would mean the chance of the event is low enough to be accepted (rejecting null hypothesis)
Does not really explain the p-value ... but thanks for the effort
Thanks for dropping by Sami, feel free to share any suggestions you might have as to what you would have liked this video to contain in terms of additional information and I'll do my best to incorporate this feedback into future videos :)
@@OneMinuteEconomics P value : 16.7% v 20%=.04
1. Formula? 16.7/20^2?
2. Why is .05 the target?
3. Why are we squaring?
:( idk how to calculate the p-value
1:10
Yup 🤧
Is there anybody that can help me?
Huh?
? This does not help at all. Why when the pvalue is smalles than significance level you have to reject h0? Explain clearly.
I'm so lost.
Hi Ed, is there something I or the community can be of help with?
@@OneMinuteEconomics P value : 16.7% v 20%=.04 you say.
1. Formula? 16.7/20^2?
2. Why is .05 the target?
3. Why are we squaring?
😒🤔🫣😫😣😭
Well this video didn't explain anything about statistical significance other than that it exists.
When you get a chance to, please check out my statistics playlist. Some videos are more in-depth, others have more of an introductory role but I'm doing myself to establish a solid foundation upon which I build through future videos, suggestions are more than welcome btw! Here it is: ruclips.net/p/PLhICud5IUwViF1ibxxm98lEmOlsslI3i_
the sound is not good I am quite disappointed
Sorry about that, hope some of my other videos can make up for it :)
Way too fast😩🤦
Terrible
so touching for an excellent video