The Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics
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- Опубликовано: 13 июн 2024
- An introduction to the Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics. The first 500 people to sign up via my link will get two FREE months of Skillshare Premium: skl.sh/domainofscience
The interpretations of quantum physics are a collection of attempts of many physicists to try and make quantum physics make sense. The measurement problem and entanglement are notions that are confusing to us humans and people puzzle over questions like: Is the wave function real or just mathematics? What does a subatomic particle really look like? What is particle-wave duality really? That is where the interpretations of quantum physics come in. This is my attempt to cover the main ones.
#quantum #physics #DomainOfScience
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Further reading:
An excellent example of Bell's inequality by Aatish Bhatia aatishb.com/2014/01/15/the-ex...
Some summaries of the different interpretations:
Wikipedia has a nice table en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpr...
www.sciencenews.org/blog/cont...
This is a really good one for more detail by Peter J. Lewis www.iep.utm.edu/int-qm/
I would also recommend the book 'Beyond Weird' by Philip Ball
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Dominic ‘Wibblyfingers’ Walliman
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maybe there's a universe out there where I believe in the Many Worlds interpretation
Peter Houle it’s happening right now in our Mobius strip universe lol
Is this a paradox?
@@michealo6201 i think certainly not. but this also makes me wonder what is a paradox actually and how are they resolved.
@@yash1152 A paradox is a breach of logic, and therefore, by definition, cannot become a reality. If a particular line of reasoning leads to a paradox, it indicates that either the reasoning itself is flawed, or else two or more of the premises plugged into that line of reasoning are actually contradictory.
@@younghandsfilms6135 thanks for helping (:
Now we need a map of the many interpretations of quantum physics.
The infographic in this video is pretty much that www.flickr.com/photos/95869671@N08/
@@domainofscience Yes, but what about the many interpretations across Many Worlds?
WRYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
@@442277100 MUDA MUDA MUDA MUDA MUDA MUDA!!!
@@thisfeatureisdumbandredundant ROOODAAAA ROOORAAAAA DAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
Massive effort explaining all these interpretations, well done! I’m impressed!
someone has a crush ^_^
you should hang out and discuss some of those interpretations!
btw, I like your videos ^_^
Einstein, Newton and Pascal are playing hide and go seek.lt’s Einstein’s turn to count so he covers his eyes and starts counting to ten.Pascal runs off and hides. Newton draws a one meter by one meter square on the ground in front of Einstein then stands in the middle of it. Einstein reaches ten and uncovers his eyes. He sees Newton immediately and exclaims “Newton! I found you! You’re it!” Newton smiles and says “You didn’t find me, you found a Newton over a square meter. You found Pascal!”
What a bad physics joke! I love it.... and will use it to make myself a total bore at the next party I attend.
Awesome joke, ignore the hate.
I a,m factual einstein third cousin and can prove it ,y great grand mother on my dads side was his aunt he had the brains I have the looks I am studing math physics and math astronomy
Good one actually @Dyslexic Mitochondria
In Finnish "Paskal" means "Taking a shit"
Ha, so the takeaway is "we dont know and we cant agree!" .... Love it. Nice presentation
The takeaway should have been: Bohmian mechanics has been partially verified, in spite of being ignored by most physicists. It makes practical predictions that make more sense than the Copenhagen interpretation without requiring any untestable or unlikely beliefs such as splitting of the universe into tiny pieces.
This is a terrific summary. Thanks for all your hard work!
This was literally the best explanation of almost every interpretation of Quantum mechanics, to be honest, I'd really like to see you push the boundary and make a more detailed version of it. I'm just saying, it would be really appreciable.
In all, it was a great video.....
love from India.
Congratulations! I think this is a brave attempt to explain the main quantum theories, most are known or sound to many of us, interested on the topics. But it's nice to have them all together right there in front of us. I agree with you, there must be some basic things missing on quantum physics, as there are so many theories, and none of them explain most of the evidence. Many thanks and keep going!
"We might be missing something fundamental... to go back to the main principles" couldn't agree more. I 'believe' it would be that too, re-questioning our very assumptions of reality and scientific measurement/analysis :) very informative illustrative video, thank you.
I agree, I believe I know what they missed. I need to prove it though!
The thing I believe is being missed is very fundamental. My theory is logical. Now that I have watched the rest of the video It looks like all the current explanations are tied together.
Might be something epistemiologically weird, but we don't have a description yet. I still can't explain Bell's Inequality but leave the door open. Maybe some hybrids
Try CIG Theory today.
You are absolutely the best explainer ever. I'm hooked and can hardly wait for more. Thanks for being so smart
This is a fantastic breakdown!!!! I love how understandable you make each interpretation.
This is such an amazing summary. Thanks for this work!
3:32 "shut up & calculate" lol
10:22 Pilot-wave threory/bohmian mechanics
11:24 Alternative Collapse Theory
12:25 Testable prediction
[14:15 Transactional interpretation
i was soooo waiting for this one, i thought u'd leave this. but glad u covered it.
14:44 *star point:* "This can get around Bell's theorem."
the more i learn the less i know
The closer I look, the less I see
A wise man knows he knows nothing
I wish I had a physicist friend that I could talk to for hours and give my opinion on how I think things work, just so they could explain why I’m wrong! 😁
I'm pretty sure they would have to do an extensive research before they would be able to answer many of your questions, particularly if you are confused about QM/QED. Talking from experience, we the physics graduates are confused just as much as you are (about QM), only (probably) a bit more well-versed in the maths and experimental phenomena, and we're somewhat used to the weirdness (-"so you have an electron and it is delocalised over several molecules, at several places at once..." -"sure, go on"). As you can see from the plethora of interpretations, nobody has really managed to make a sense of it yet.
@@Tomas.Malina
"so you have an electron and it is delocalised over several molecules, at several places at once..." it sounds like it merges its energy to all electrons in a system of molecules so it is like an electron cloud, that is why it is everywhere at once-it is a wave-cloud shell spinning on its different orbits around nucleons... could it be like this?
I always have been fascinated by physics albeit regretting never studying it professionally
@@nekokittycat4004 thing is there is only single electron forming that 'cloud'
@@scenatorpalatin4814 interesting, thank you for the explanation. in the chemical reaction equation, we were being taught to count 1 electron as 1 negative charge, that is why 1 electron representing the whole common "electron cloud" is mindbending to me. I have to learn more I guess. Thank you
@@nekokittycat4004 well then you also had probably been taught for examle what a covalent bond is
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bond
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delocalized_electron
Thank you for going over so many interpretations!! There were a few I had never heard of.
Short, informative and to the point... great work 👍👍👍
This is amaizing, I cant believe I understood most of it and your prev video as well.
I love this
You make fantastic videos. Really well done. Thanks!
Loved it!
It is really interesting. Keep this kind of good work.
Your graphics and presentations are just awesome!! Thank you )))))
your video quality is so amazingly good.
Wow!. Thanks for your enlightening explanation of what had me stumped for so long. I am so much more clear about it and had no idea that the key to understanding it all could be so simple.
This really got me thinking. Thank you!
this account is so good. thank you so much for the care you put into it!
I am grateful for your honest approach to this subject - food for thought! Thank you.
Thanks for this genuine explanation of all these theories. Keep it up the good work
Very good job of making these ideas accessible.... well done.
100% we're missing some crucial information but I am hopeful we'll keep advancing. Great explanation on the subject !
Your videos have the most clear explenations. I (obviously) don't know any of the actual calculations involved (yet), but I sort of "feel" how it works and it's starting to make sense, as much as QM can make sense.
great video! easy to follow. keep up the great work please
Very informative survey. And, I love the dry wit, which is almost imperceptible. Kudos.
Thanks so much for this video - I’m writing an article about this for an assignment and this was helpful as an overview and generally understanding all the interpretations. (love your videos btw)
heyyyyy i found u here....woww
and i've completely forgotten how i knew u 😅
that's a great work, i would have lost hours & hours trying to gather all these interpretations and comparing them to each other, so really thanks
That's a great overview that needs to be shown in university! "Shut up and calculate" is quite fitting, as the Copenhagen interpretation is often taught as fact. Some lecturers mention the existence of other interpretations but no one I ever had clearly said what I find the most important thing to know in order to understand quantum mechanics in relation to the rest of physics:
The Schroedinger equation was found by guess work and works *surprisingly* well and no one really knows why. But as it works so nicely we just stick to it.
Great video. It's amazing to hear about the frontiers of science as well as how scientists are grappling with them. Thank you.
I believe that two very serious fundamentals are being totally overlooked.
1) Study the properties of thought. There are many of us who are or have been proficient manifestors. There are ways to prove this, or at least provide evidence with the probabilities so high that other interpretations go out the window. Look to the experiments where the Ph level of water was quickly changed (either up or down) by a far greater magnitude than otherwise possible, by simply adding the element of thought-filled "intent". Also consider the basketball experiments that consistently defy exectations that thought are impotent. There are many others.,
2) Reconsider the nature of gravity. This takes us back to Bell. When the spin of an entangled photon is changed, the mate INSTANTANEOUSLY changes its spin. That means a "relationship" holds the parts together. That relationship contains the experience of both of its parts AT THE SAME TIME, even if the experiences appear opposite to us, given our frame of observation. Physicists already recognize that the two photons are really one experience, but no one explains how it can be, which is odd given how easy it is to explain. It (the relationship) exists in the unseen. Now consider gravity as entanglement, while remembering that the Big Bang was really the Big Expansion, and it (the singularity) is still expanding. this would mean that gravity is entanglement,.
3) I could teach you to become psychic in only a few minutes. After that, it would take nothing more than some hours of self-awareness for you to become proficient. This will introduce you to a different way of "relating", and it will send you in new directions.,
4) Time: Conventional wisdom does influence, thus limit, our ability to think outside of the box. From our frame of physical existence, time cannot go backwards, but in the realm of relationships, they can certainly go back and forth (instantaneously). I have not yet thought of an experiment to prove or even provide physical evidence of this, but I think that if we could get a group of similar thinking heads to work on this, we could easily come up with an experiment because we are all manifestorsl It would have to be an experiment involving groups of humans with a control group.
5) I can think of one theory that combines all of these ideas, but it can't be explained in a small post. Nor can my belief about the nature of the bands of light in the Twin Slit experiment be tested. I believe they point to different times, but you obliquely addressed this. Though given the power of human thought, is it possible for a group of trained manifestors to change the patterns in the twin slit experiment?
It's something like that 🎶⚛🔯🌀🎼
Do you have repeatable experiments to back up your ideas? If not, get to work and let us know when you do.
Once again, WARM THANKS for your great work. The result is a great overview!! I will now rewatch the video. :-)
I learned more in 17 minutes than I learned in two recent physics books. Jolly good job!
Great resume of a complex subject and enjoyed the biscuit !
Fantastic explanation of a very complex thelry
Awesome summary! I learned some interpretations that I had no clue about. As far as the Born Rule, I don't know if you saw this recent paper, but theoreticians were able to derive the Born rule from some more fundamental assumptions. So that's a bit exciting, I guess?
Thanks for the explanation, it was quite understandable 👍
Great info, thank you! Also that final brain fart moment was brilliant. Thanks for keeping it in there, as it gave me a good laugh!
One important thing you could have mentioned is that the Born Rule arises naturally in the Transactional Interpretation (TI). This is because the TI doesn't discard time-symmetric solutions of the wave equation. The Born Rule needs these - they're the complex conjugates in p=X*X. The TI gives clear and simple meaning to why this works.
Thank you for the nice video. Helped me understand a bit about the other interpretations besides the oldest one which is more spread around
This is very helpful for a project I'm doing for my QM class, thanks!
Loved it! Thank you very much
I love the music!! It's very pleasant
I really like this video. Thank you
4:19 LOL! That face says it all!
Love your videos, very helpful to negotiate the jungle of the quantum world. Please keep it up.
Wow, this was a perfect summary of what I´ve teached myself the last weaks. THX
Thanks, this was really clear!
This channel is sooooo underrated
So much efforts...awesome...like it...want some more lectures. .u r awesome sir...
This is an excellent video! Thank you :)
As always, the best videos
I can listen to you all day! 😍
U know what's funny? a video game helped me understand your video and get over a "mental block" that i had. The idea of measuring a wave but only seeing a particle in one point, but that could be somewhere else at the same time was hard to grasp for me. But then i remembered the game Outer Wilds where there's quantum objects and u have to "solve" this issue when dealing with those objects (i won't say more about the game because the less u know about it the better it is...y'all should play it, it's really good). all of it is fascinating, thanks for putting it in simpler words man!
Hat off to you, sir. Impressive work.
First off awesome informational video! Explaining such complicated interpretations succinctly is a superb effort, thanks. On that fundamental missing component, could it be gravity? From what I understand, and I admittedly understand very little about QM, isn't gravity left out of the conventional model right now?
Wow keeping make awesome videos.
Luv your channel most from India
Amazing video !!! Keep it up !!
One little thing : could you enlarge for next time some of the sketches as you are talking so it will be more easy to read ?
I've been trying to figure out how many interpretations there are and it took me quite a while to gather Copenhagen Interpretation and Many Worlds Interpretation. So thanks for collecting all of them in one video.
amazing, best explanation
Forget religion to work as meditation and mental therapy for me, all this "physicist storytelling" is enough to sooth my mind. I take comfort in the fact that we know a lot to come up with the some of the most creative and I guess, "imaginary," (I don't know if that's the correct word for this) interpretations because what we do know, even though it's a lot, isn't comparable at all to what we don't know. It's like a never-ending treasure hunt. If you're curious, then it's the right field of study and work for you.
That [brain.exe not working] bit was hilarious, god how I love quantum physics. It's so nutty and insane! Great job with this video!
Please make a video about Decoherence. Love your work. Thank you.
Good work man, thanks.
Love this !!
im literally taking physics as a career and ima freshman and your videos help clear a lot of what i thought i knew
Awesome, thanks!
not a physicist but these videos are so clear, I feel like I'm learning! What editing program do you use for your videos?
@Domain of Science Nice video. But one thing that I wonder is what is your opinion on the relatively new ER = EPR interpretation (theory)?
Thank you so much sir 😊 for your great effort
Very good! I've been trying to understand modern physics for years; I've read books, watched videos, etc. This video finally got through to me: Physicists don't understand what's happening!
As a lay person, I just want to know the mechanics of the World; not all the theories that may or may not be right. I'd rather leave those theories to physicists.
Thanks for this explanation. You have just confirmed my desire to study QP @ university. I now know what I am meant to study (couldn't decide on a path) Now I have to brush up on my mathso I can start calculating. Maybe, just maybe I can help solve some of these problems which seem to have no answer. We wouldn't have any inventions or solutions today if people didn't try. You never know, maybe the right combination of conditions will line up and I, along with a team of other researchers, will solve one of the many interpretational problems associated with Quantum Physics. It's becoming a passion, because I can understand all of it, the principle + the equations, and that is exciting to me. Why else with something so complicated and so easy for me to understand? Why else, other than the fact I'm supposed to work in the field for some reason. I feel like I'm both supposed to and not supposed to study quantum physics.... but by not voluntarily studying it, I feel like I will end up working with it anyway. It's very strange how all of my thoughts, my hypothesis, and my solutions all end up being rooted deep in Quantum Physics.
Quantum Physics is like the last frontier. Figuring out the problems and the solutions of the very small, will unlock the universe. Do you want to control gravity? Do you want to control the flow rate of time? Do you want to have access to the very fabric of space time?
Real solutions to some of quantum physics problems would actually allow us to do this. We're not one step away or anything, but mastering the principles I'm referring to, would elevate humanity to a new level of existence. Coupled with the advent of artificial intelligence, fusion technology, and quantum computing, we are in for some huge breakthroughs. At the rate our tech is developing, exponential as it is, within five years, things will be almost unrecognizable if you didn't watch the development first hand.
This is in fact a very exciting time to be alive. To be in my prime right now, it's really incredible. By the time I'm 71 hopefully all the cards are in place for me to become like Rick Sanchez. I think that's a noble and lofty goal if I ever had one. Haha!! 🤣 awwww geeezzz....
Great job
Local Hidden-variables Theory makes two assumptions:
Interactions between particles are local
and
Individual particles have determinate properties
Bohr in his Complementarity Framework (later developed and refined by Karen Barad into the Indeterminacy Principle) provided an alternative account which proposes that the particles become ontologically entangled with the measuring apparatus.
In this interpretation, measurement itself creates and further extend entanglements (since measurement produces correlations between apparatus and particle).
It would be interesting if you could read Barad's Agential Realist account of the Uncertainty Principle and how she dismantles it in order to propose Indeterminacy Principle for interpreting the "uncertainty" of the object being measured.
uncertainty is actually a bad translation from the original, indeterminacy is much better...
Always loved Bohmian mechanics/Pilot-wave theory
5:35 even though I don’t believe in the many worlds interpretation, this still really helped me out just by reminding me that I can make choices to make me happy. Thank you
Nope. You can only make choices that make you look foolish. ;-)
Amazing video!
Nice job, Thanks. We're definitely missing something fundamental. Possibly always will. Choosing any current interpretation would be an act of faith. "I don't want to believe, I want to know." Sagan
very interesting , thanks
Do more of these!
Powerful leader thank you
Sé que es complicado pero siempre vale el esfuerzo. Gracias.
from 7:10-7:18 when you say "we cant pick them apart with any experiments, so until we have experiments, it's all kind of like 'physicsy story-telling'".
Haha perfect, that's entering my area of expertise-the study of *Metaphysics*
Although I prefer your nomenclature to be much more fun! Haha I really enjoy your videos, keep it up :)
it's called philosophy ;)
Interpretations ARE for the philosophy department not the science department thats for sure.
When I watch your videos I’m getting “bathed”with quality, precision and understanding, you’re awesome! 🙂
I LOVE YOUR CHANNEL
On the meaning of probability in Many Worlds, I think there's a straightforward answer. If your particle is predicted by QM to have a 30% chance of state A and a 70% chance of state B, then 30% of the futures will realize state A. The 100% chance of state A that you mentioned exists in those 30% of futures, but only far enough into each future that the observation has occurred. In other words, the probability depends upon your location within the "many worlds," and in particular it of course changes with time (before the quantum coin flip, the system had state with some uncertainty, afterward it had a known state). This may be the idea that QBism formalizes--I hadn't heard of it until this video.
This is what he said. He just doesn't believe it, and neither do I. By now in the history of the universe, there would have to be almost an infinite number of universes and sub-universes, which is close to the highest and least likely complexity that one can imagine.
A suggested video for me on this is Feynman's Infinite Quantum Paths from PBS Space Time, another excellent interpretation.
15:55 Oh, I love this moment, kkkkk~
It seems that quantum rabbit hole is entangled in physicist's brain-melting.
Thx for your best effort. XD
Very nice summary. A good book that covers this same topic is “What is Real” by Adam Becker.
Just watched your video again. Wonderful! I feel though that all the confusion may be resolved by CIG Theory. I may be wrong, but I am offering up CIG Theory as yet another Quantum Interpretation. Try it, it's fun, and where else can you turn into Space!
Brilliant!
the expression on his face at 4:23 conveys more information that the entire many worlds interpretation
bro you’re videos are so much easier to understand thank you lmao
Thanks!
The many worlds interpretation doesnt break probability, its what happens when you take probability literally
When we say a dice has 1/6 chance of outputing each value because the output can take 6 different values and there is some sort of simmetry between them, that means all of them are equally likely
The measurement of a wave function has a random output, so we can view it the same way: there is a possibility space, the output is a random point in this space and something having 70% chance of happening means it takes up 70% of this space(in your example 70% of the worlds would have one outcome and 30% the other)
The problem is that if you consider a measurement from the point of view of a scientist that knows the result and from the point of view of one that doesnt their wave functions will be different. From the point of view of the one that doenst it is a superposition of the many measurements that could have happened, with the scientist that knows entangled with the result. From the point of view of the one that knows the wave function collapsed to only one state
Then, if you interpret one of those states in the first wave function as the reality the second scientist is living, since there is no difference between this state and the others on the wave function the natural conclusion is all the others represent other worlds
You could just say that actually only one of them is a real world, we just dont know which one, like we do in the dice case. The problem is it doesnt work, because quantum physics is weird and sometimes one world interferes in the other
Probability of one state is 1/sqrt(2), probability of the other is 1- 1/sqrt(2).
Universes are discrete objects and you now need an infinite number of universes to properly account for these two probabilities, as the probabilities are irrational numbers. Any non-infinite number of new worlds is going to be rounding the probabilities in some way.