I really like the evolution of your videos... when you get more in depth there’s that slight zoom indicating a more detailed look. Very great editing and amazing information!
Glad you're enjoying the series! This is actually Patheos' own channel. My channel (ReligionForBreakfast) and Patheos are collaborating on this 15-episode series!
@@ReligionForBreakfast not sure if you have seen patheos’ other videos but they do not come from an evidence based direction, rather, they have Claims of jesus and god without evidence. I love your channel though
@@cephasrocks8516 Are you suggesting there is something wrong with the scholarship of the video based on an a widely accepted dating system? You do realise that there are people other than Christians on the planet? Or don't they matter to you.
That means that you are inquisitive, free thinking, and have "balls" for even posting this, most dont.. PS: Enjoy the comments and chat (if there are any, I never see them, sorry, so reply to others, not me :D Have a nice life *:
Oh! Where was this when I was researching this topic in undergrad! Very well researched and comprehensive. I'd love to see a video on the origins of Yahweh worship since it seems to pop up out of nowhere.
I have a theory that it originated in Sheba, since they seem to have had a high esteem for them, stole their alphabet & Ethiopian history would suggest that they may have stolen other things from their culture too-- like the story of King Solomon. It's be great if any evidence could ever be tracked down to add better coherency to the matter.
@@MrChristianDT I do see a lot of comparative in religion in East Africa, especially in regards to the creation stories, but what do you mean by Sheba? We don’t have a confirmed location for the Sheba mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.
Pottery dating burning and conquest of Jericho to around 1400 BC. This is when the upper wall fell creating a ramp into the city. So the date of the conquest by Joshua of Jericho is around 1400 BC. In a fortress area a few miles away they found a scrap for Amenhotep II in the destruction layer further strengthening the idea that the Joshua conquest happened around 1400 BC. Some say the "Shasu of Yaweh" inscription dates to a bit after 1400 BC at the Amenhotep III's temple at Soleb. These all point to Joshua's conquest of Canaan.
What makes you think it had anything to do with Joshua? Egypt was often at war with the Hittites and other states during those days. It might have been nothing more than one of numerous Hittite raids. The whole Joshua story seems to be totally made up anyhow.
@@limedickandrew6016 What is remarkable about Jericho's destruction around 1400 BCish is that it shows/proves the Biblical narrative. 1) the upper walls came tumbling down all around the city creating a ramp over the lower walls so that an invader could just walk up over into the city; 2) there is one section that didn't fall in the upper walls - Rahab's residence was built against the wall; 3) the burnt grain jars were full meaning the conquers didn't loot the food (for an army food is precious and essential). It is exactly as the Joshua's narrative as described in the Bible says. The evidence is more more more more than overwhelming.
@@mdb1239 Yeah, problem is a lot of what is in the Old Testament was written some 700-900 years after the events it describes. I mean, that would be like describing the events of the Battle of Hastings or Edward Longshanks reign today. And the written records for Hastings and Longshanks are far more numerous and reliable than they ever were during the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age. I think it was the Greeks, like Herodotus, who made historical writing and recording what it is today. They were the first, so everything before them needs some serious research and evaluation and examination of the archeological records, certainly more so than the days since Herodotus.
@@limedickandrew6016 When it was written is irrelevant. The archeological dig/excavations prove that that Joshua's Biblical account of the conquest of Jericho is accurate. This is the only known site where the upper walls all fell down and covered over the lower defensive walls to make a ramp. The conquest of Jericho and how it happened is confirmed by archeology!!!!! The pottery dating says the destruction layer happened around 1400ish BC. There is also a destruction layer around 1400 BC around Hazor. The early Israelites came from Egypt. Egypt had writing for a thousand years before 1400 BC. There is evidence that the slaves in the mines of Egypt had already been using the alphabet many decades before 1400 BC (a super simplified version of hieroglyphics). There are messages using this alphabet in the mines: "Save me God". It is probably the GREATEST invention of humankind.
Thank you so much, I believe you went deep and find the really route, I am getting closer with my DNA test results and this video was very helpful. GOD Bless you! Shalom
Chik fil a is a Christian owned company that recognizes Sunday as the sabbath being that Jesus rose on the 3rd day which was Sunday. Chik fil a gives their employees the opportunity to not work on Sunday so that they can attend church or be with family etc. My son’s employer gave him the same accommodations though not corporate policy. He’s in college but does not work on Sunday because he attends church and does not believe in buying, selling or working on Sunday. The Jews do not accept Jesus as the messiah and they celebrate the sabbath from sundown on Friday until sundown on Saturday. Some Christian denominations follow the Jewish sabbath as well as messianic Jews (Jews for Jesus). So when you want your Chik fil a on Sunday, blame the Catholic Church that changed it all for believes in Jesus since he was crucified on Friday and rose on Sunday.
Was hoping for some comments on the 'shashu YHWH' inscriptions. Great video though! I hadn't heard anyone say before that Habiru/Hebrew don't match in terms of their consonantal root. Is there a good resource to learn more about this?
Hebrew is only the English way of calling Hebrews, the original root is '.B.R ('ayin, Bet, Resh) and not H.B.R (He, Bet, Resh) in the case of Habiru, or '.P.R ('ayin, Pe, Resh) in the case of 'apiru. The first might mean "to pass", the second maybe "Heber" or "a collection of people", or if written as the third maybe "dirt". It makes a lot of difference in Semitic languages, although it's still possible they the name is related. Sorry, I have no source for you.
@@Abilliph Habiru, a variant spelling of Ḫapiru (Apiru), a designation of a class of people who made their living by hiring themselves out for various services. The biblical Hebrews had been in Egypt for generations, but apparently they became a threat, so one of the pharaohs enslaved them.
@@davidstrelec610 you are generally right, but I'm not talking about the bible. According to archeology the Judeans and Israelites were just Canaanite, and the root 'BR meaning to pass, probably refers to the Jordan river two sides. I just can't see the connection between 'ibri and Xabiru, because only in English writing they would seem similar, Hebrew and Habiru.
It would make sense that the Egyptians would refer to the Israelites as a people because even in the bible, they refer to themselves as children of Israel Even in the new testament, it is stated "you were once not a people, now you are the people of God" They kind of go back and forth calling themselves a nation or children (a people)
If I remember correctly, "Children of Israel" referred to decendents of Joshua, which were a subgroup of the Hebrews. They were the one's who sought shelter in Egypt and, subsequently ask of the Pharaoh to be released from "bondage" (whatever that meant). So, what happened to the Hebrews who did not leave the Levant? Since they were not decendents of Joshua, they could not be referred to as Isrealites, by relationship. And the land of Israel would not come into existence until the conquered lands got divided up, between the leaders of the tribes of the Exodus. Judah took up a strategic position in the northern hills and set up his capital city around the Covenant, Jerusalem. So, what we have is 1) the land of Judah, 2) the land of Israel and 3) the city states that the lands still inhabited by the decendents of those who never left or had since migrated into areas that the returning Israelis had not conquered and occupied. The Israelis were at one time commanded wipe them all out and not to mix with them, socially or genetically. And seeing that they were, once again disobeying, Joshua practically sealed his city, warning his people that they should avoid the others, that their disobedience not rub off on them. What the Romans encountered, they called Judea and Israel, 2 separate parts of the province of Palestina. So, who are all of these people in the area today, who are not jewish? Did they all wander in as part of "arab" migration? Over how long a period of time? What about all the non-arab invaders? Can they be told apart? Is there further mention of Hebrews after that?
The Habiru were used by king Idrimi to sack since Hittite towns and even setup a Habiru capital of sorts. The Alalakh tablets from Wiseman mentions the alliance.
A number of questions remain to be addressed: 1. Is there any indication that an ethnic people is meant by the term Habiru? Unquestionably in some texts a specific people is meant. King Idrimi of Ala-lakh spent seven years as a refugee living among Habiru people. Pharaoh Amenhotep II includes Apiru people in a list of captive ethnic-groups. In the Amarna Letters, Biryawaza, ruler of Damascus, writes that his army includes mercenaries from both Habiru and ethnic Sutu peoples. Since the Biryawaza report singles out the Habiru as a particular people, in parallelcoupling with the Sutu (“the sons of Sheth,” in Num 24:17), the evidence thus would favor identifying these Habiru as ethnic Hebrews. 2. Is there any indication that the Habiru were invaders, conquering the land of Canaan? The chief of the Habiru, “who rose up against the lands,” is such a formidable foe that only a large coalition of armies is able to challenge the threat. In order to confront the forces of the Habiru, the Canaanites gather their forces together from a wide area; bringing with them at least 50 chariots. Included in the coalition are Jerusalem, with her southern allies, and the combined armies of the rulers of Accho and Achshaph. The result is a pitched battle fought against the intruding Habiru, who clearly are invaders. This is made especially evident by the letter’s closing plea: “may he [Pharaoh] send Yanhamu [the Egyptian administrator over Canaan], so that we may all wage war and [thus] . . . regain the land of the king, my lord, to its [former] borders” . 3. Why is the term Habiru so often used simply as a derogatory appellation? Perhaps an analogy would be the term “vandal.” Originally an ethnic name for an East Germanic tribe that ravaged Gaul, Spain, North Africa, and sacked Rome in A.D. 455, the name became a term for condemnation meaning one who spoils, destroys, pillages, and robs. In similar fashion, the Canaanites called people “Habiru” in the same way Americans suspected of disloyalty were labelled “Commies” in the 1950s. 4. Finally, what about the Habiru mentioned in the ancient texts before these tablets! who were they? This deposition doesn,t address that. however, it does need to be pointed out that there is a reference in the book of Genesis in which the term “Hebrew” connotes a broad sense meaning which includes all the descendants of a person, a place, or a thing after whom or which someone or something is, or is believed to be, named. ancestor Eber (Gen 10:21). Such an ethnic designation designates Shem as the father, that is, ancestor of all the sons of Eber. The intention of this disclosure seems to be to relate Eber to the Hebrews; the name sharing the same In Num 24:24, the name Eber is used collectively, designating the region settled by his descendants. Abraham, and his brothers. Possibly the term also includes Abraham’s children through his second wife Keturah, and other descendants. The Apiru mentioned by Amenhotep II, along with other ethnic peoples, probably are to be included in this wider usage of the designation. Ultimately, of course, the term “Hebrew,” as later used in Scripture, became restricted into the narrower classification of Jacob’s descendants. Revealingly, Joseph is called a Hebrew (Gen 39:14) who came from the land of the Hebrews (Gen 40:15). In the ancient world, all Israelites were Hebrews, but not all Hebrews were Israelites. All Hebrews were Habiru, but not all Habiru were of the stock of Jacob
Great video once Again, I’m absolutely loving this series. One comment however, at 1:10 it states that because the place names did not exist in the 13th century BC but the 7th century, it must of been written in the 600’s instead. But that is not necessarily the case as often in near eastern literature place names are updated in later re-rights by authors from the original. For example “ The tale of Sinuhe” from ancient egypt is a tale from 1994 BC, but we see an updated version from the 13th century BC with different place names to match the time period. Likewise, the boom of Joshua may ver well be older than we think ! Can’t wait to see the Philistines episode!
Heavy edition to older texts seems to be a common practice in the bible, so what you say is indeed possible. Though, take into account that not only names and place might have been edited, the whole narrative might have been accommodated to the then current religious/political needs of the editors.
THE IMAGES ON THE EGYPTIAN WALLS ARE NEGROID.. BLACK AND BROWN WITH AND WITHOUT AFROS.. JUST LIKE THE SPYNX HEAD IS NEGROID....EGYPT IS IN AFRICA PERIOD. THE FURTHER BACK YOU GO THE MORE NEGROID IT BECOMES.. NOTHING TO DO WITH CAUCASOIDS EXCEPT WHEN IT COMES TO INVASIONS AND HISTORY TWISTING LIKE THERE PILT-DOWN MAN STORY.. CAUCASOIDS ARE MAD BECAUSE THEY WANT TO HIDE THE ORIGINAL HISTORY OF THE BLACK RACE TO MAINTAIN POWER IN THIS DYING WORLD.. NOT GOING TO HAPPEN ANY LONGER.
The genetic record has no specific genetic markers that identify any people that can be called Israelites. However, they can identify genetic markers that can be indicative of the Ancient Canaanite people. These genetic markers are present not only in the Palestinians, but the Lebanese, Syrians, Jordanians, Druze, and... Modern day Israelis that have their Jewish ancestry rooted in the Jewish people of the Levant. Which, incidentally makes perfect sense considering Yaweh was originally a Canaanite God of metalurgy and metal working, among a whole pantheon of gods, AND that those that study religions and their origins have actually determined that modern Jewish religious beliefs did indeed evolve from the religious beliefs of the religion the Ancient Canaanites practiced before the Judaism faith was created. All that said, it makes absolutely perfect sense that the original Israelites became an extinct culture or people, and likely were absorbed into the Canaanite culture and people. At any rate, the genetic data at least proves that the story in the JudeoChristian biblical texts claiming the Israelites conquered the Lands of Canaan by slaying every man, woman, child, infant, oxen, horse, donkey, etc. in order to claim their birthright is nothing more than a tall tale more akin to a mythological story than any truthful recounting of a factual historical event. After discovering the creation tale, the great flood story, the story of Samson, and so many others are simply revised and reimagined retellings of stories of several various other cultures.... That this story in the JudeoChristian texts is also another story borrowed (or stolen) from another civilization didn't surprise me at all.
And my sister when she discovered I was not a believer....even after relating to her the obvious contradictions that exist in science that disprove so much in the Bible ...and the known translation errors,... And even the contradicting verses within the JudeoChristian Bible...she still doesn't comprehend why I will not place blind acceptance that the biblical accounts related between its front and back covers are factual historical records.... Smh...
Surely if the Egyptians considered the Israelites to have been wasted then it makes sense for the scattered remnant to have joined those Habiru in the hills and eventually to have resettled Canan
The mixed multitude theory also fits some linguistic evidence from the Hebrew Bible. Notably, several important characters in Exodus & Genesis (including Moses, Miriam, & possibly Aaron) don't have especially plausibly etymologies within Hebrew, but do have pretty plausible derivations from Ancient Egyptian (in particular, commonly being combined with the name of a god to form a theophoric name; as part of the transition to monotheism, the god's name may have been deliberately removed leaving behind only the part that we see today) Similarly, Joseph's name is explained twice, once as "taken away", and once as "add". Obviously both are appropriate to the narrative, but in the context of the mixed multitude theory, and taking the tribal name as preceding the composition of Joseph's story, could refer to the tribe of Joseph being a later addition to the Israelite coalition Likewise, Levi appears to come from a root meaning "to join", also fitting if the Levites were a late addition to the Israelite coalition (which also fits with their specialised ritual roles, and lack of territory)
Also, the Danites were almost certainly Greek or Greek-influenced given the archaeological evidence of Greek-styled artifacts from their territories and the fact that their Judge is Hebrew Hercules.
@@andrewsuryali8540 having a coastal portion of land next to the Philistines (also likely a sea people, the Peleset) also fits with this. The name fits with the Denyen (a sea people) who are often identified with the Mycenaean Danaoi I'm not sure identifying Sampson with Hercules really helps much though, strongmen are pretty archetypical & common worldwide. The rest of the story also doesn't have much in the way of major similarities (Sampson's hair, and his self-sacrifice have no parallel in Heracles, and Heracles' labours & slaying of his family have no parallel in Sampson) with the Lion fight being the only major one and that's common in the Ancient Near East, likely being an import into Greece rather than vice versa
@@tristanholderness4223 The strongman is an ancient archetype, yes, but not a biblical archetype. In fact, Samson is the only strongman described positively in the Hebrew Bible. The treatment of Goliath is more representative of how rhe Bible deals with strongmen characters. Additionally, Samson is unique among the Judges for being the only superhuman individual and the only one who doesn't actually judge the people. Most of the Judges are either warlords or prophets of some kind. Samson is also notable for breaking every Israelite taboo and keeping to none of the Nazirite vows except keeping his hair long. He even went so far as to loot dead bodies, which the Israelites considered taboo. The Rabbis of later Judaism also realized this, which is why they had to come up with all sorts of excuses to justify Samson's behavior, even saying that he had a special version of the Nazirite Vow. Gideon was a Baal worshipper but he actually held to Israelite customs much more strictly than Samson did. Samson's behavior was very much in the Heraclian tradition of Mycenaean Greek heroes. As for the hair, the Nazirite Vow is not attested to outside the Bible until second temple Judaism. It is very likely that keeping the hair long came from the Samson legend instead of the other way around and is therefore an anachronistic inverse attribution. By contrast, the long hair style of the Greek heroes is attested to in Mycenaean culture and legends. Homer calls his Greeks the karekomoontes precisely because of this.
I’m Christian and American and I love the Jewish people I can remember just this past August I was visiting the Norfolk, Virginia DMV and I saw a young man sitting there with a kippah on his head, I walked over to him and said shalom. You are not alone brother and he smiled and said thank you and when I walked away, I felt blessed immediately and still to this day. It’s January 3, 2025. I still feel that same blessed way! It reminds me of the scripture in Genesis 12 three states I will bless those who bless you and curse those who curse you he was talking to Abraham and his descendants, his legal descendants through his legal married wife, Sarah. I believe that this is one of the big reasons why the Arabs hate Jewish people so much is because they are outside of the covenant that God made with Abraham because their whole entire people are illegitimate. They were not part of the promise that God made with Abraham and his descendants that would come from Sarah, his legal wife, not some Egyptian servant.
Numbers 13:29. The Amalekites dwell in the land of the south: and the Hittites, and the Jebusites, and the Amorites, dwell in the mountains: and the Canaanites dwell by the sea, and by the coast of Jordan. Joshua 11:3 And to the Canaanite on the east and on the west, and to the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the mountains, and to the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpeh. Joshua 24:11 And ye went over Jordan, and came unto Jericho: and the men of Jericho fought against you, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Girgashites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; and I delivered them into your hand. Joshua 3:10 And Joshua said, Hereby ye shall know that the living God is among you, and that he will without fail drive out from before you the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Hivites, and the Perizzites, and the Girgashites, and the Amorites, and the Jebusites. Judges 1:27 Neither did Manasseh drive out the inhabitants of Beth-shean and her towns, nor Taanach and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Dor and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Ibleam and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Megiddo and her towns: but the Canaanites would dwell in that land. Judges 3:5 And the children of Israel dwelt among the Canaanites, Hittites, and Amorites, and Perizzites, and Hivites, and Jebusites:
ספר הספרים תורת העם היהודי תורת ישראל זאת עובדה קיימת בתור ספר ההיסטוריה של האנושות , כל מה שנלקח משם לדתות אחרות זה נחמד שלקחו השראה מהיהדות אמונה באל אחד. היהדות התפתחה כדת כ 3500 שנים לפני כל דת אחרת , נחמד ומחמיא שסיפורי הנצרות והאסלם מבוססים על תורת העם היהודי , זה יפה שאפשר לייצר שיח בפתיחות כל אחד ואמונתו
remains puzzling why a people that derived out of Cannanites, came to have a history narrative that depicted them as an outsider people that came into the region, and made a war of conquest and occupation on the Cannanites. IOW, the narrative has gone great extremes indeed to some how try to break with any degree of Cannanite identity, culturally and even ethnically
All I know about Israelis is that a lot of people hate them and I don't know why. A lot of people try to convince me to hate them, but I've never met one, so I can't.
@@rachelsamuel3328bTge real Jews, Christ was described of being so dark, it was as if he had "BURNED" in a furnace. (Revelations 1:14-15) 14 His head and his hairs were white like wool, as white as snow; and his eyes were as a flame of fire; 15 And his feet like unto fine brass, as if they burned in a furnace; and his voice as the sound of many waters. Jeremiah 14:2 “Judah mourneth, and the gates thereof languish; they are black unto the ground; and the cry of Jerusalem is gone up.” Song of Solomon 1:5 “I am black, but comely, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, as the tents of Kedar, as the curtains of Solomon.” Lamentations 5:10 “Our skin was black like an oven because of the terrible famine.” Isaiah 3:12 “As for my people, children are their oppressors, and women rule over them. O my people, they which lead thee cause thee to err, and destroy the way of thy paths.” Isaiah 51:20 “Thy sons have fainted, they lie at the head of all the streets, as a wild bull in a net: they are full of the fury of the LORD, the rebuke of thy God.” He only came for his people that need saving from the heathen as the scripture says Matthew 15:24 “But he answered and said, I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel.” Revelation 2:9 “I know thy works, and tribulation, and poverty, (but thou art rich) and I know the blasphemy of them which say they are Jews, and are not, but are the synagogue of Satan.” Revelation 3:9 “Behold, I will make them of the synagogue of Satan, which say they are Jews, and are not, but do lie; behold, I will make them to come and worship before thy feet, and to know that I have loved thee.”
@@selfrespect4320 it happened Bro the dna of dead corpse buried beneath pyramid soils had a hebrew -Iraqi traits and u know Abraham lived in Ur before coming to Cannan that is in southern Iraq . And Egypt by its historical accounts described the existence of Hebrews but many historical researchers neglects the historical accounts of bible . If they were not there then why their dna didn't matched with Egyptian but Iraqi ???
It’s not that difficult to guess where “the lost tribes” went, If you read any completed Bible1856, it states the Israelites stayed in Arzareth, a land beyond the great river, far away from the habitation of man. In which the ten tribes of Israel dwell, observing the laws of Moses, until the time of restoration. This is the land to which the ten tribes were deported (2 Esdras 13:45). It is described as "another land" lying a year and a half's journey beyond the river, i.e. the Euphrates. It probably answers to the Hebrew 'erets 'achereth (Deuteronomy 29:28). In Josephus' time the people were still believed to be there in countless numbers (Ant., XI, v, 2). The Aztecs, called themselves ‘Meshika’, which translates to ‘the messiah’ in Hebrew. They also, used other Hebrew words like “Teos”, which means God.
Deuteronomy 7:7 “The LORD did not set his love upon you, nor choose you, because ye were more in number than any people; for ye were the fewest of all people:”
I don't understand the connection between the Habiru being described as dogs and the conclusion that therefore they were of a marginalized social class. Maybe they were just enemies and therefore describing them as dogs makes perfect sense. Those dogs are attacking us, raiding and pillaging, besieging our cities. Maybe they weren't bandits at all, they were just at a hostile group waging war, raiding and pillaging to weaken the enemy and to support the war effort. After all, they were amassing armies, making alliances, and besieging towns and cities. The assumptions and conclusions that historians jump to really irk me. It is as if they want a certain narrative to be true.
Luke 21:24 [24]And they shall fall by the edge of the sword, and shall be led away captive into all nations: and Jerusalem shall be trodden down of the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled.
@@Yahawashiiii ok now tell me when this happened. Isaiah 11:11 [11]And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.
Dear Patheos, Hold it !! "The walls of Jericho described in Joshua did not exist in the Late Bronze Age" (min. 1:10 ff) This assertion may not be an accurate statement. When Garstang excavated Tell es-Sultan in the 1930's, he concluded that the walls of City IV were destroyed in the Late Bronze Age. His conclusions were based on primarily the evidence presented by an evaluation of the ceramic typology and three scarabs bearing the names of Hatshepsut (ca. 1503-1483 BC), Thutmose III (ca 1504-1450 BC), Amenhotep III (ca. 1386 BC-1349 BC), in tombs to the northwest of the city, that correspond to that city and matches the pottery in City IV. Kenyon excavated Tell es-Sultan in the 1950's and concluded that City IV was destroyed at end of the Middle Bronze Age, ca 1550 BC. Her primary reason for this date was largely based on the absence of imported Cypriot bichrome pottery, that was typical of the Late Bronze Age, as she had experienced finding in prior excavations. Hence, her reasoning is that, Jericho's walls must have fallen at a time before that pottery typically existed - the Middle Bronze Age. That is why she concluded that the walls had fallen (a point that she agreed had occurred) at a time well before the arrival of Joshua. So her conclusion was based on what she did not find - a lack of evidence issue. (note: she only excavated a small portion of Tell es-Sultan, so one can see the obvious fallacy of her thinking) Dr. Bryant Wood, an expert in Late Bronze Age Canaanite ceramics, suspected there was a problem with Kenyon's evaluation, because of several reasons. 1. Garstang HAD reported finding imported Cypriot bichrome pottery in his excavation. So the early date assigned by Kenyon was not justifiable just because she didn't find the ceramic indicator she desired to find, ...... because others had found it. 2. She should not have focused on a single indicator. Her conclusion was based on that single idea that she failed to find her indicator. 3. Wood discovered that the section of Tell es-Sultan that Kenyon excavated was one of the more impoverished sections of the city, and it would be less likely that poorer sections of the city would have the more expensive imported pottery. 4. Wood conducted an analysis of the ceramics Garstang found in his excavation and confirmed the pottery Garstang found was indeed correctly dated to the Late Bronze Age which prompts the question -- How did Late Bronze Age pottery get into a destruction layer that occurred 150 yrs. earlier ? 5. Wood conducted an analysis of the ceramics found in Kenyon's excavation and concluded that the pottery she found in the City IV destruction layer was also dated to the Late Bronze Age, which also prompts the prior question ... and another question; Why did Kenyon ignore the Late Bronze Age common-ware pottery that she herself found in her own excavation ?? Did she fail to recognize the age of the pottery that she did find and base more priority on what she didn't find ?? 6. Why had Kenyon ignored the dating of the scarabs found in Garstang's excavation and a few scarabs she had found ? The Scarabs were found in strata that corresponds to the strata of the destruction of City IV, but the names inscribed on the scarabs are people that existed after Kenyon's proposed time of destruction of City IV. (That is like finding a document signed by Robert E. Lee in the ruins of a revolutionary war site.) Wood concluded that the ceramic evidence found by both Garstang and Kenyon is clearly in support of a Late Bronze Age destruction of City IV. Wood also notes that the evidence found in both excavations is remarkably consistent with the description of events as described in the Joshua Documents. This strongly suggests that who ever wrote the Joshua Documents was probably an eyewitness of the event. The details of the description in the Joshua documents matches the finds in the excavations in the, ... description of the walls falling and how they fell, the time of the year the event occurred, the fact that a portion of the wall was not destroyed (as confirmed in Sellin and Watzinger's excavation), and that there were residences and windows in the wall at places. The actually walls fell before the conflagration. the siege of the city must have been short and the city was not completely plunder by its conquerers, as was the typical practice, and etc. If the Joshua Document had been conceived and written many hundreds of years (700 BC) after the fact, it would be very difficult to rationally and reasonably explain all of these correlations between the description of the event in the Text, and the actual finds of the excavations that supports the narrative of the text. It is more reasonable and rational to assume the Joshua Document was written only a short time afterwards and contemporaneous with the events. Lorenzo Nigro, has been leading some of the most current excavations. During a lecture he was presenting, someone posed a question asking what time period did the walls fall at Jericho. Nigro (who does not hold the position of the standard Early Exodus Theory) responded saying that the walls fell in the Late Bronze Age (this conclusion is not in agreement with his position, so then is no reason to assume bias). I have a video of him making that statement. So Nigro is in agreement with Garstang and Wood, and in disagreement with Kenyon. The Late Bronze Age Destruction of Tell es-Sultan City IV, Joshua's Jericho, Is strongly supported by the archaeological finds in the excavations, and particularly the ceramics. There is more evidence than this, but to be concise I have omitted some supporting evidence. Just a quick note on the Carbon Dating The first carbon dating of Tell es-Sultan City IV, was taking from some of the burnt grain found in pots, which was abundantly found in the destruction level. The first results returned a date of a Late Bronze Age destruction, which was later recalled because the date needed to be "recalibrated". The recalibrated date came back and it was right on Kenyon's date (how about that !). Many other samples (of this grain) have been sent out by others and a wide range of dates have been returned. Nigro, tested two samples from City IV in 2000; one sample dated to 1347 BC (+/- 85 years) and the other dated to 1597 (+/- 91 years). The oldest date returned for the City IV destruction was 1883 BC (much earlier that Kenyon's proposal), and the latest was 1262 BC. This represents a 600 year range in carbon dating, for the same event. If you are familiar with Egyptologist Manfred Beitak, who lead the excavation of Avaris, in Egypt for over 35 years (70 excavation seasons), then you may be familiar with his opposition to the accuracy of carbon dating in the Late Bronze Age in Egypt. He contends that the carbon dates usually gives older results than the archaeological dating. He has written academic papers on this problem and most archaeologists are aware of this problem. This problem does appear to present itself also in the Levant during the Late Bronze Age. Some have postulated that the Thera Eruption may had affected the accuracy of carbon dating in the Late Bronze Age, accounting for the disagreement between carbon dating and archaeology, but this explanation has not been confirmed. We still don't know whay this happens fro certain, but it is a phenomenon that must be considered when dating in this time period. (note: carbon dating is often a very useful tool for archaeologists, but for this time period, carbon dating appears to be affected by some anomaly) DZ
Whenever they don't want to acknowledge black greatness they say its not sure who they were. They can say for sure everything else. This also happens with the ancient Egyptians, they don't know. So whenever there's a great ancient civilizations that the scholars (so called) say its not sure who they were, be sure they were black .
Except the Egyptians hated the Sub-Saharan culture and the Pictographs show the Egyptian charioteers running over the dark skinned Africans or beating them with sticks, As for the Israelites. We know that they were not Negroid, There are pictures in Mosaics. Frescoes, and description as well as genetic evidence that they were olive skinned, (Class IV on the Fitzpatrick skin scale) often with light hair and eyes.
Hey! This is really interesting. I have a question though. In the last episode on the Canaanites you said that the Book of Joshua said the Israelites defeated Canaanites after escaping slavery in Egypt. This episode seems to imply that the Israelites emerged after the collapse of the Canaanite culture. So all the stories about Israelites escaping slavery in Egypt and then defeating Canaanites have no historical evidence? If so do we know why it was written so in the Bible? (E.g. To create a common origin story for the Israelites, like you said at the end?)
It's probably more complex, the biblical account was an iron account of bronze age events, so there was an evolution of the legend over the centuries. The Habiru were probably escaped slaves, rural outcastes, and border tribals that the Israelites later coalesced and emerged from. Egyptian overlordship of the area made them the Big Bad Guys. Overtime a narratives of escaped slaves surviving in the wilderness and highlands, rebels against Egyptian governors and local princes, evolved into the biblical epics we know today
For those without background knowledge, i think it is better to give a linear story. Juming from evidence to evidence especially when some contradicts others is confusing. Scholarly arguments are useful to those who have a broad understanding already
Well logical since Haremhab was the Pharao during the exodus, since Moshe/Prince Thutmosis grew up with Akhenaten, in Egypt exists only the grave of prince thutmosis cat, while his staff which was found in the 19 century in Jordan is kept in a museum in England with the Egyptian inscription that it belongs to thutmosis. And it dates back to the times of Akhenaten to Haremhabs times around 1300 to 1350 bce.
Lets not forget that Egypt underwent a humiliating defeat by a slave nation and as you know, the Egyptian would not have advertised that fact in stone anywhere. The Biblical text is likely to be the most accurate depiction of historic events.
I thought in this drought and famine times the elites in the cities were toppled by the poor who were not able to pay the taxes anymore and mercenaries who did not get payed anymore. But slowly fizzling out city culture changing to a more simple pastoralist lifestyle without much violence is also a good explanation. We do have reports from many cities of about 1180 bc that went down in violence, maybe not from all cities. There was also a change in warfare from heroes in carts fighting other heroes in carts with the support of some footsoldiers to no heroes in carts anymore. (except egypt). Loss of writing and reading in wide areas, cuneiform lost its importance mostly but the practise not to use vocals in writing survived somehow. I hope i am not too far off, please correct me.
It seems that semi-nomads turned to small villages of herders etc sounds an awful lot like the Biblical narrative. Pre-Moses Israelites were semi-nomadic and then after Joshua they are described similar to the archeological record until Saul/David. It seems the archeological record presented is pretty similar to the Biblical description of the people? Actually the “egalitarian lifestyle” is what Samuel said would be lost by having a king. It sounds. Seems like that happened Not to mention: Of course we are going to see other peoples and other gods mixed in the archaeological record. That’s what the Bible says happened (the Israelites married/mixed with the other groups and worshiped false gods when they weren’t supposed to in the narrative itself)
Yes, but the Bible implies that it was a separate religion, when at least one of those gods-- Asherah-- was originally Yahweh's wife. Ergo, when they were worshipping all these other gods, it was all as a single religion alongside Yahweh, not in spite of him.
@@MrChristianDT try Baal's wife ,their two statues are what is mentioned. The Hebrews were instructed not to make idols of YHWH, but the priests of Baal did along with Asherah on high places. Not following YHWH instructions is idolatry, not just having other gods in a pantheon. 2 kings 10:26,27 The children of Bethel ,are young 18-20 priests of these false gods. See: Dr.Michael Heiser video taken from an article on the language used above the 2 Bears tearing up these " children ". It's not what every atheist believes it says! Also 2 kings 3:27 says a human sacrifice helped wrath come against lsrael; some say YHWH was defeated here, not true lsrael, Judah and Edom went to war and YHWH gave the victory because of Judah ! See 3 kings 3 :13,14. Also gods are tied to people's and land that's why it's important for the Jews to go back to lsrael. And why 2 kings ch17-19 are important! There is alot more archeology yet to be discovered , don't write off the lsraelites like the Hittites and king David were! Just because we haven't found the evidence yet doesn't mean their isn't any! Not all scholars agree with Finklestein 's book.
@@MrChristianDT that is a good Mormon interpretation of YHWH having Heavenly mother from Asherah! YHWH doesn't need a pagan wife but Baal does. The Bible states that YHWH is the cloud rider instead of Baal and is creator of all other Elohim. Thats why when Jesus said to the high Priest in Matthew 26:64 the high priest tore his clothes because Jesus said 2 things He was the Son of Man of Daniel 7 and the cloud rider the visible YHWH of the O.T. of the invisible YHWH ( Father).
@@MrChristianDT the guy in the above video literally has a video on his religion for breakfast channel debunking that theory. You should check it out :)
The often repeated claim that "we know" that the book of Joshua wasn't written until the Babylonian Captivity because there were no walls of Jericho until the 7th century BCE... is just based on the fact that during the excavation they didn't find a specific kind of pottery that was otherwise popular in other cities during the 14th century BCE. That's it. Couldn't possibly be that "this city didn't have a good trade relation with the source of the otherwise popular pottery" or simply "this "may have preferred a different kind of pottery at the time." Pottery can be a bit of a clue... but it's not by any means conclusive. Meanwhile, within the walls of Jericho, they found ornamental scarabs with the cartouches of 18th dynasty pharaohs, ending with Amenhotep III (14th century BCE). The stratigraphy reveals a massive earthquake, then the walls all collapsing, then a fire with jars full of grains and valuables that would usually be looted during a military raid. The biblical timeline puts Moses dying and Joshua taking over around 1400 BCE, but isn't particularly clear how long after Joshua took over that Jericho fell, but if Amenhotep III started reigning in 1389 BCE and Jericho fell around 1380, having some artifacts referring to him makes sense.
I don't understand why people my color think they are Israelites and read out of a book that has roman scriptures. Neither of them are descendants of From Rome or Israel. SMH
Thank you, they seem to want to be anything than African. There is a great channel about African history and people on You Tube, called *Home Team History* check it out, he is really knowledgable.
@@yolocalmathteacher8335 I went against the lie. Not my people. My people are more than just believers of false hood. Most are wrapped in the devil's mental chains called spiritual slavery. I have the original spiritual knowledge that will set them free from false hood if they choose to learn and listen.
You said the Bible says Israel isn't a people that was a lie... 👉🏾1 Peter 2:9 👉🏾“But ye are a chosen generation,👈🏾 a royal priesthood, an 👉🏾holy nation, 👈🏾👉🏾a peculiar people;👈🏾🤔 that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light:” King James Version (KJV) Chosen generation by definition means "race" by etymology its is mentioned multiple times Israel is a people or nation in all of the translations show the same..
1. Simple the bible says they are black skin Africans.( like all people on earth until whites came down from the mountians & stole greece). 2. The greeks say the hebrews look like Ethiopians & Egyptians....which explains how moses passed as Pharoah's grandson & how jesus blended in with Egyptians. 3. Rome said israelites look like Ethiopians. 4. The bible says jesus skin looked like Bronze. Bronze is the color of African skin only. Now you all know the truth. They are a African Ethnic group like the millions of black groups of earth.
The Family of Esau GENESIS 36 1-5 1Now this is the genealogy of Esau, who is Edom. 2Esau took his wives from the daughters of Canaan: Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite; Aholibamah[a] the daughter of Anah, the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite; 3and Basemath, Ishmael’s daughter, sister of Nebajoth. 4Now Adah bore Eliphaz to Esau, and Basemath bore Reuel. 5And [b]Aholibamah bore Jeush, Jaalam, and Korah. These were the sons of Esau who were born to him in the land of Canaan.
The evidence cited doesn’t lead to the assertions made. The most persuasive interpretation of the literary and archaeological data remains that the Biblical narrative accurately captures historical events.
Song of Solomon is the Sulamite slave girl who explains that the daughters of Jerusalem (Israelite women) looked down on her because she was dark. And she explains that She became dark because of the sun, (suntan) she was not born dark. Job 30:30 explains that the black, bloody, crusty scabs that Satan had caused because of boils, fell from his body after he scraped at them with terracotta potsherds. It says nothing about the color of his skin. Amos 9:7 explains that the Ethiopians are the same as the Israelites to God, as are the Philistines, and Syrians. All were worshipping pagan gods, yet God saved them. It says nothing about anybogy's skin color. Just that the Israelites thought they would ge treated better by God, and God said he saved all these other Pagan people.
@@shainazion4073 If you go back to BC engravings you'll see the children of Israel with dreadlocked hair. Deuteronomy 28:68 explains the ships same as the transatlantic slave ship. Judah came here in America. Deuteronomy 28:48
Why would they call the Habiru "stray" possibly because they were in Egypt out of their own land and later slaves. Bandits and slaves are basically opposite unless the bandit leader enslaves them of course. What year is the letter that states that they would starve to death circa?
Excellent video, as always. What do you think of the work of Kathleen Kenyon who found destroyed Jericho walls and proposed they were related to the Exodus story?
If you find a notation about "Israel" this has to be after they are a people I say it in that fashion, because, according to Genesis, they were first called HEBREWS, or Ivri
This glosses rather quickly over the link between Habiru and Hebrew. Oh well, the Habiru were a bunch of marauders, so they can't possibly be our ancestors, therefore... no link. Many scholars actually think there is a strong case. Sometimes one has to be able to entertain the inconvenient truth?
Would love to see your analysis of the Hyksos, 14th & 15 Dynasties of Egypt and the Genesis story of Joseph through to the Exodus! Additionally as further circumstancial evidence for the biblical exodus the emergence of the proto-sinaitic script at roughly the same time as the "semitic" peoples were in Egypt and then suddenly left and took the script with them into Canaan.
Hyksos theory would completely demolish the exodus story as hyksos were completely repelled of by the ahmose 1 and tutmose III extended the rule of 15 dynasty all the way up to Hittite kingdom. If they migration occurred during that time they would just be migrating into more Egyptian territory and as explained in the previous video of canannites the region of israel was under the rule of canannites in 13th and 12th century.
I read that only Philistines ate pigs (that were originally from Greece) in this area. But he said that we see the Israelites avoided pig, didn't most of the surrounding groups avoid it?
Men stop connect those people to Greeks who have nothing to do maybe have some connection with some island or those of Crete and cyprus and probably with those in magna Grecia but are not the Greeks they are tribes existing before who trading with them Greeks go there the judeans are not Greeks and Greeks dont come from any abraham and other talmudic patriarchs have not any connection with Greek culture
@@stevenv6463 no they was not not all people in Greece are from Greeks are not neither Greek names for Greeks mean Latin speaking? Greek mythology have nothing in common with Middleastern cananean uses neither Jewish one
Maybe The Habrus are related to the Hibrus Like Abram to Abraham. Or Sarai to Sarah. Maybe they have fallen from the Hibrus in doing not good and therefore lost the i in the name to habrus?
Question? If you cover this subject. How does Palestine relate to the Jews before and at the time of Christ. Does it relate at all? Is some place in Palestine famous or built on a magnetic rock like Jerusalem. Where the Arabs and Jews are fighting over the rock the moss is built on?
This is a new Patheos series featuring Dr. Andrew Henry from Religion for Breakfast. You can find full series here: ruclips.net/video/zWwGFVGAJP0/видео.html
It's hard to get a clear understanding of scripture without history.
Wonderful teaching!!!
Indeed
❤❤❤
A family, cannanities, intermarriage with Hebrew/Israel is Jacob children
I really like the evolution of your videos... when you get more in depth there’s that slight zoom indicating a more detailed look. Very great editing and amazing information!
I love that you put in both frames of the stereogram at 2:13 - seeing it in 3D was an unexpected treat
Wait a minute, this isn't Religion for Breakfast!
Religion for dinner more like
Biblical brunch?
I actually clicked this because I saw Dr. Andrew in the thumbnail and then I saw the page is Patheos not Religion for Breakfast.
its trying to, they still feel the need to claim heritage over land...
Nope, this is Patheos' own channel. RFB and Patheos are collaborating on this 15-episode series!
Philistines are next, love how he just soft balled that to us. mad love for what you're doing I'm coming from your other channel 👍🏼 🙏🏼
Glad you're enjoying the series! This is actually Patheos' own channel. My channel (ReligionForBreakfast) and Patheos are collaborating on this 15-episode series!
@@ReligionForBreakfast not sure if you have seen patheos’ other videos but they do not come from an evidence based direction, rather, they have Claims of jesus and god without evidence. I love your channel though
Thank you for this series.
I'm now more confused than ever as I have questions about things I've never previously thought about
I’m not so sure about this guy. Anyone who uses BCE feels like a liberal.
@@cephasrocks8516
Are you suggesting there is something wrong with the scholarship of the video based on an a widely accepted dating system?
You do realise that there are people other than Christians on the planet?
Or don't they matter to you.
@Timothah Molone All,lies!
fa
That means that you are inquisitive, free thinking, and have "balls" for even posting this, most dont..
PS: Enjoy the comments and chat (if there are any, I never see them, sorry, so reply to others, not me :D Have a nice life *:
Great stuff. Please keep it up. I can guarantee you if you continue you’ll have a growing audience
It's gladdening to indulge in the content your channel shares on this domain amidst a lot of issues that people experience across earth.
Thinking out loud: I'm wondering if the israelites familiarized themselves with animal migrations and used the same routes too?
Oh! Where was this when I was researching this topic in undergrad! Very well researched and comprehensive. I'd love to see a video on the origins of Yahweh worship since it seems to pop up out of nowhere.
@@tex8788 you mean Religion for Breakfast? If so... this is the same guy. He’s partnering with this channel. Double check his community posts.
@@tex8788 No its a collaboration between RFB and Patheos for this special series on Biblical Archaeology.
@@tex8788 your comment is so embarrassing 😂 you don’t even get the channel name right.
I have a theory that it originated in Sheba, since they seem to have had a high esteem for them, stole their alphabet & Ethiopian history would suggest that they may have stolen other things from their culture too-- like the story of King Solomon. It's be great if any evidence could ever be tracked down to add better coherency to the matter.
@@MrChristianDT I do see a lot of comparative in religion in East Africa, especially in regards to the creation stories, but what do you mean by Sheba? We don’t have a confirmed location for the Sheba mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.
Bible says Israelites had a period of "Judges" rather than leaders such as kings, which fits the description of the Hibiru.
Pottery dating burning and conquest of Jericho to around 1400 BC. This is when the upper wall fell creating a ramp into the city. So the date of the conquest by Joshua of Jericho is around 1400 BC. In a fortress area a few miles away they found a scrap for Amenhotep II in the destruction layer further strengthening the idea that the Joshua conquest happened around 1400 BC. Some say the "Shasu of Yaweh" inscription dates to a bit after 1400 BC at the Amenhotep III's temple at Soleb. These all point to Joshua's conquest of Canaan.
Lack of evidence does not mean the conquest did not happen it just might indicate that the conquest may have been exaggerated but still happened
What makes you think it had anything to do with Joshua? Egypt was often at war with the Hittites and other states during those days. It might have been nothing more than one of numerous Hittite raids. The whole Joshua story seems to be totally made up anyhow.
@@limedickandrew6016 What is remarkable about Jericho's destruction around 1400 BCish is that it shows/proves the Biblical narrative. 1) the upper walls came tumbling down all around the city creating a ramp over the lower walls so that an invader could just walk up over into the city; 2) there is one section that didn't fall in the upper walls - Rahab's residence was built against the wall; 3) the burnt grain jars were full meaning the conquers didn't loot the food (for an army food is precious
and essential). It is exactly as the Joshua's narrative as described in the Bible says. The evidence is more more more more than overwhelming.
@@mdb1239 Yeah, problem is a lot of what is in the Old Testament was written some 700-900 years after the events it describes. I mean, that would be like describing the events of the Battle of Hastings or Edward Longshanks reign today. And the written records for Hastings and Longshanks are far more numerous and reliable than they ever were during the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age. I think it was the Greeks, like Herodotus, who made historical writing and recording what it is today. They were the first, so everything before them needs some serious research and evaluation and examination of the archeological records, certainly more so than the days since Herodotus.
@@limedickandrew6016 When it was written is irrelevant. The archeological dig/excavations prove that that Joshua's Biblical account of the conquest of Jericho is accurate. This is the only known site where the upper walls all fell down and covered over the lower defensive walls to make a ramp. The conquest of Jericho and how it happened is confirmed by archeology!!!!! The pottery dating says the destruction layer happened around 1400ish BC. There is also a destruction layer around 1400 BC around Hazor. The early Israelites came from Egypt. Egypt had writing for a thousand years before 1400 BC. There is evidence that the slaves in the mines of Egypt had already been using the alphabet many decades before 1400 BC (a super simplified version of hieroglyphics). There are messages using this alphabet in the mines: "Save me God". It is probably the GREATEST invention of humankind.
I'm a Byblos native, although in the local languages it has always been called Jbeil, Byblos being a greek exonym.
هلا هلا تحية للشعب اللبناني🇮🇱❤🇱🇧
Thank you so much, I believe you went deep and find the really route, I am getting closer with my DNA test results and this video was very helpful.
GOD Bless you!
Shalom
They are ultimately the reason why I can’t eat chic fil a on sundays
Chik fil a is a Christian owned company that recognizes Sunday as the sabbath being that Jesus rose on the 3rd day which was Sunday. Chik fil a gives their employees the opportunity to not work on Sunday so that they can attend church or be with family etc. My son’s employer gave him the same accommodations though not corporate policy. He’s in college but does not work on Sunday because he attends church and does not believe in buying, selling or working on Sunday. The Jews do not accept Jesus as the messiah and they celebrate the sabbath from sundown on Friday until sundown on Saturday. Some Christian denominations follow the Jewish sabbath as well as messianic Jews (Jews for Jesus). So when you want your Chik fil a on Sunday, blame the Catholic Church that changed it all for believes in Jesus since he was crucified on Friday and rose on Sunday.
Was hoping for some comments on the 'shashu YHWH' inscriptions. Great video though! I hadn't heard anyone say before that Habiru/Hebrew don't match in terms of their consonantal root. Is there a good resource to learn more about this?
Hebrew is only the English way of calling Hebrews, the original root is '.B.R ('ayin, Bet, Resh) and not H.B.R (He, Bet, Resh) in the case of Habiru, or '.P.R ('ayin, Pe, Resh) in the case of 'apiru. The first might mean "to pass", the second maybe "Heber" or "a collection of people", or if written as the third maybe "dirt".
It makes a lot of difference in Semitic languages, although it's still possible they the name is related.
Sorry, I have no source for you.
@@Abilliph
Habiru means dirty filthy to refer to Semitic nomads that were second class citizens more like slaves or semi-slaves at the very least
@@Abilliph
Habiru, a variant spelling of Ḫapiru (Apiru), a designation of a class of people who made their living by hiring themselves out for various services. The biblical Hebrews had been in Egypt for generations, but apparently they became a threat, so one of the pharaohs enslaved them.
@@davidstrelec610 you are generally right, but I'm not talking about the bible.
According to archeology the Judeans and Israelites were just Canaanite, and the root 'BR meaning to pass, probably refers to the Jordan river two sides.
I just can't see the connection between 'ibri and Xabiru, because only in English writing they would seem similar, Hebrew and Habiru.
@@davidstrelec610 I'm trying to explain to you how '.B.R has nothing to do with H(X).B.R... those are two entirely different roots and words.
You were predestined to be different(Romans 8:29).
HALLELUYAH!(PRAISE YE YAH!)
You are the best! Love the series!
It would make sense that the Egyptians would refer to the Israelites as a people because even in the bible, they refer to themselves as children of Israel
Even in the new testament, it is stated "you were once not a people, now you are the people of God"
They kind of go back and forth calling themselves a nation or children (a people)
If I remember correctly, "Children of Israel" referred to decendents of Joshua, which were a subgroup of the Hebrews. They were the one's who sought shelter in Egypt and, subsequently ask of the Pharaoh to be released from "bondage" (whatever that meant).
So, what happened to the Hebrews who did not leave the Levant? Since they were not decendents of Joshua, they could not be referred to as Isrealites, by relationship. And the land of Israel would not come into existence until the conquered lands got divided up, between the leaders of the tribes of the Exodus.
Judah took up a strategic position in the northern hills and set up his capital city around the Covenant, Jerusalem.
So, what we have is 1) the land of Judah, 2) the land of Israel and 3) the city states that the lands still inhabited by the decendents of those who never left or had since migrated into areas that the returning Israelis had not conquered and occupied.
The Israelis were at one time commanded wipe them all out and not to mix with them, socially or genetically. And seeing that they were, once again disobeying, Joshua practically sealed his city, warning his people that they should avoid the others, that their disobedience not rub off on them.
What the Romans encountered, they called Judea and Israel, 2 separate parts of the province of Palestina.
So, who are all of these people in the area today, who are not jewish? Did they all wander in as part of "arab" migration? Over how long a period of time? What about all the non-arab invaders? Can they be told apart?
Is there further mention of Hebrews after that?
@@lewisjohnson8297children of Israel refers to the descendants of JACOB.
Jacob had twelve sons which became the patriarchs of the 12 tribes of Israel
@@olafharoldsonnii4713ah, yes.
Amazing job!
Thank you for this!
Greetings from Brazil
I’m loving this series!! Really interesting! :)
@@tex8788 Can you please get your facts straight and not spam this nonsense under half of the comments here? Jeez.
The Habiru were used by king Idrimi to sack since Hittite towns and even setup a Habiru capital of sorts. The Alalakh tablets from Wiseman mentions the alliance.
A number of questions remain to be addressed:
1. Is there any indication that an ethnic people is meant by the term Habiru?
Unquestionably in some texts a specific people is meant. King Idrimi of Ala-lakh spent seven years as a refugee living among Habiru people.
Pharaoh Amenhotep II includes Apiru people in a list of captive ethnic-groups.
In the Amarna Letters, Biryawaza, ruler of Damascus, writes that his army includes
mercenaries from both Habiru and ethnic Sutu peoples.
Since the Biryawaza report singles out the Habiru as a particular people, in parallelcoupling with the Sutu (“the sons of Sheth,” in Num 24:17), the evidence thus
would favor identifying these Habiru as ethnic Hebrews.
2. Is there any indication that the Habiru were invaders, conquering the land
of Canaan?
The chief of the Habiru, “who rose up against the lands,” is such a formidable foe that only a large coalition of armies is able to challenge the threat. In order to confront the forces of the Habiru, the Canaanites gather their forces together from a wide area; bringing with them at least 50
chariots. Included in the coalition are Jerusalem, with her southern allies, and
the combined armies of the rulers of Accho and Achshaph. The result is a pitched battle fought against the intruding Habiru, who clearly are invaders. This is made especially evident by the letter’s closing plea:
“may he [Pharaoh] send Yanhamu [the Egyptian administrator over Canaan], so
that we may all wage war and [thus] . . . regain the land of the king, my lord, to
its [former] borders” .
3. Why is the term Habiru so often used simply as a derogatory appellation?
Perhaps an analogy would be the term “vandal.” Originally an ethnic name for an East Germanic tribe that ravaged Gaul, Spain, North Africa, and sacked Rome in A.D. 455, the name became a term for condemnation meaning one who spoils, destroys, pillages, and robs. In similar fashion, the
Canaanites called people “Habiru” in the same way Americans suspected of disloyalty were labelled “Commies” in the 1950s.
4. Finally, what about the Habiru mentioned in the ancient texts before these tablets! who were they? This deposition doesn,t address that. however, it does need to be pointed out that
there is a reference in the book of Genesis in which the term “Hebrew” connotes
a broad sense meaning which includes all the descendants of a person, a place, or a thing after whom or which someone or something is, or is believed to be, named.
ancestor Eber (Gen 10:21). Such an ethnic designation designates Shem as the father, that is, ancestor of all the sons of Eber. The intention of this disclosure seems to be to relate Eber to the Hebrews; the name sharing the same
In Num 24:24, the name Eber is used collectively, designating the region settled by his descendants.
Abraham, and his brothers. Possibly the term also includes Abraham’s children
through his second wife Keturah, and other descendants. The Apiru mentioned by Amenhotep II, along with other ethnic peoples, probably are to be included in this wider usage of the designation.
Ultimately, of course, the term “Hebrew,” as later used in Scripture, became restricted into the narrower classification of Jacob’s descendants.
Revealingly, Joseph is called a Hebrew (Gen 39:14) who came from the
land of the Hebrews (Gen 40:15). In the ancient world, all Israelites were Hebrews, but not all Hebrews were Israelites. All Hebrews were Habiru, but not all
Habiru were of the stock of Jacob
Great video once Again, I’m absolutely loving this series.
One comment however, at 1:10 it states that because the place names did not exist in the 13th century BC but the 7th century, it must of been written in the 600’s instead.
But that is not necessarily the case as often in near eastern literature place names are updated in later re-rights by authors from the original.
For example “ The tale of Sinuhe” from ancient egypt is a tale from 1994 BC, but we see an updated version from the 13th century BC with different place names to match the time period.
Likewise, the boom of Joshua may ver well be older than we think !
Can’t wait to see the Philistines episode!
The "boom" of Joshua? Autocorrect strikes again?
Heavy edition to older texts seems to be a common practice in the bible, so what you say is indeed possible. Though, take into account that not only names and place might have been edited, the whole narrative might have been accommodated to the then current religious/political needs of the editors.
He said Jericho existed it just did get walls till the 7rh century therefore Joshua was written when Jericho had walls.
Loving this series!
Thank you! Wonderful, informative series!
THE IMAGES ON THE EGYPTIAN WALLS ARE NEGROID..
BLACK AND BROWN WITH AND WITHOUT AFROS.. JUST LIKE THE SPYNX HEAD IS NEGROID....EGYPT IS IN AFRICA PERIOD. THE FURTHER BACK YOU GO THE MORE NEGROID IT BECOMES.. NOTHING TO DO WITH CAUCASOIDS EXCEPT WHEN IT COMES TO INVASIONS AND HISTORY TWISTING LIKE THERE PILT-DOWN MAN STORY.. CAUCASOIDS ARE MAD BECAUSE THEY WANT TO HIDE THE ORIGINAL HISTORY OF THE BLACK RACE TO MAINTAIN POWER IN THIS DYING WORLD.. NOT GOING TO HAPPEN ANY LONGER.
The genetic record has no specific genetic markers that identify any people that can be called Israelites. However, they can identify genetic markers that can be indicative of the Ancient Canaanite people. These genetic markers are present not only in the Palestinians, but the Lebanese, Syrians, Jordanians, Druze, and... Modern day Israelis that have their Jewish ancestry rooted in the Jewish people of the Levant. Which, incidentally makes perfect sense considering Yaweh was originally a Canaanite God of metalurgy and metal working, among a whole pantheon of gods, AND that those that study religions and their origins have actually determined that modern Jewish religious beliefs did indeed evolve from the religious beliefs of the religion the Ancient Canaanites practiced before the Judaism faith was created. All that said, it makes absolutely perfect sense that the original Israelites became an extinct culture or people, and likely were absorbed into the Canaanite culture and people. At any rate, the genetic data at least proves that the story in the JudeoChristian biblical texts claiming the Israelites conquered the Lands of Canaan by slaying every man, woman, child, infant, oxen, horse, donkey, etc. in order to claim their birthright is nothing more than a tall tale more akin to a mythological story than any truthful recounting of a factual historical event. After discovering the creation tale, the great flood story, the story of Samson, and so many others are simply revised and reimagined retellings of stories of several various other cultures.... That this story in the JudeoChristian texts is also another story borrowed (or stolen) from another civilization didn't surprise me at all.
And my sister when she discovered I was not a believer....even after relating to her the obvious contradictions that exist in science that disprove so much in the Bible ...and the known translation errors,... And even the contradicting verses within the JudeoChristian Bible...she still doesn't comprehend why I will not place blind acceptance that the biblical accounts related between its front and back covers are factual historical records....
Smh...
Surely if the Egyptians considered the Israelites to have been wasted then it makes sense for the scattered remnant to have joined those Habiru in the hills and eventually to have resettled Canan
The mixed multitude theory also fits some linguistic evidence from the Hebrew Bible. Notably, several important characters in Exodus & Genesis (including Moses, Miriam, & possibly Aaron) don't have especially plausibly etymologies within Hebrew, but do have pretty plausible derivations from Ancient Egyptian (in particular, commonly being combined with the name of a god to form a theophoric name; as part of the transition to monotheism, the god's name may have been deliberately removed leaving behind only the part that we see today)
Similarly, Joseph's name is explained twice, once as "taken away", and once as "add". Obviously both are appropriate to the narrative, but in the context of the mixed multitude theory, and taking the tribal name as preceding the composition of Joseph's story, could refer to the tribe of Joseph being a later addition to the Israelite coalition
Likewise, Levi appears to come from a root meaning "to join", also fitting if the Levites were a late addition to the Israelite coalition (which also fits with their specialised ritual roles, and lack of territory)
Also, the Danites were almost certainly Greek or Greek-influenced given the archaeological evidence of Greek-styled artifacts from their territories and the fact that their Judge is Hebrew Hercules.
@@andrewsuryali8540 having a coastal portion of land next to the Philistines (also likely a sea people, the Peleset) also fits with this. The name fits with the Denyen (a sea people) who are often identified with the Mycenaean Danaoi
I'm not sure identifying Sampson with Hercules really helps much though, strongmen are pretty archetypical & common worldwide. The rest of the story also doesn't have much in the way of major similarities (Sampson's hair, and his self-sacrifice have no parallel in Heracles, and Heracles' labours & slaying of his family have no parallel in Sampson) with the Lion fight being the only major one and that's common in the Ancient Near East, likely being an import into Greece rather than vice versa
@@tristanholderness4223 The strongman is an ancient archetype, yes, but not a biblical archetype. In fact, Samson is the only strongman described positively in the Hebrew Bible. The treatment of Goliath is more representative of how rhe Bible deals with strongmen characters. Additionally, Samson is unique among the Judges for being the only superhuman individual and the only one who doesn't actually judge the people. Most of the Judges are either warlords or prophets of some kind. Samson is also notable for breaking every Israelite taboo and keeping to none of the Nazirite vows except keeping his hair long. He even went so far as to loot dead bodies, which the Israelites considered taboo. The Rabbis of later Judaism also realized this, which is why they had to come up with all sorts of excuses to justify Samson's behavior, even saying that he had a special version of the Nazirite Vow. Gideon was a Baal worshipper but he actually held to Israelite customs much more strictly than Samson did. Samson's behavior was very much in the Heraclian tradition of Mycenaean Greek heroes.
As for the hair, the Nazirite Vow is not attested to outside the Bible until second temple Judaism. It is very likely that keeping the hair long came from the Samson legend instead of the other way around and is therefore an anachronistic inverse attribution. By contrast, the long hair style of the Greek heroes is attested to in Mycenaean culture and legends. Homer calls his Greeks the karekomoontes precisely because of this.
@@andrewsuryali8540 interesting info.
@@andrewsuryali8540 here we have another attempt to obliterate Jewish history.
Fantastic series! Thanks so much!
1:10 Whoa…um, Jericho DID exist in the 15-13th Century (Late Bronze Age)…
I’m Christian and American and I love the Jewish people I can remember just this past August I was visiting the Norfolk, Virginia DMV and I saw a young man sitting there with a kippah on his head, I walked over to him and said shalom. You are not alone brother and he smiled and said thank you and when I walked away, I felt blessed immediately and still to this day. It’s January 3, 2025. I still feel that same blessed way! It reminds me of the scripture in Genesis 12 three states I will bless those who bless you and curse those who curse you he was talking to Abraham and his descendants, his legal descendants through his legal married wife, Sarah. I believe that this is one of the big reasons why the Arabs hate Jewish people so much is because they are outside of the covenant that God made with Abraham because their whole entire people are illegitimate. They were not part of the promise that God made with Abraham and his descendants that would come from Sarah, his legal wife, not some Egyptian servant.
Numbers 13:29. The Amalekites dwell in the land of the south: and the Hittites, and the Jebusites, and the Amorites, dwell in the mountains: and the Canaanites dwell by the sea, and by the coast of Jordan.
Joshua 11:3 And to the Canaanite on the east and on the west, and to the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the mountains, and to the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpeh.
Joshua 24:11 And ye went over Jordan, and came unto Jericho: and the men of Jericho fought against you, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Girgashites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; and I delivered them into your hand.
Joshua 3:10 And Joshua said, Hereby ye shall know that the living God is among you, and that he will without fail drive out from before you the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Hivites, and the Perizzites, and the Girgashites, and the Amorites, and the Jebusites.
Judges 1:27 Neither did Manasseh drive out the inhabitants of Beth-shean and her towns, nor Taanach and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Dor and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Ibleam and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Megiddo and her towns: but the Canaanites would dwell in that land.
Judges 3:5 And the children of Israel dwelt among the Canaanites, Hittites, and Amorites, and Perizzites, and Hivites, and Jebusites:
anyone who can write down their history and / or tell a story will dominate history.
ספר הספרים תורת העם היהודי תורת ישראל זאת עובדה קיימת בתור ספר ההיסטוריה של האנושות , כל מה שנלקח משם לדתות אחרות זה נחמד שלקחו השראה מהיהדות אמונה באל אחד. היהדות התפתחה כדת כ 3500 שנים לפני כל דת אחרת , נחמד ומחמיא שסיפורי הנצרות והאסלם מבוססים על תורת העם היהודי , זה יפה שאפשר לייצר שיח בפתיחות כל אחד ואמונתו
remains puzzling why a people that derived out of Cannanites, came to have a history narrative that depicted them as an outsider people that came into the region, and made a war of conquest and occupation on the Cannanites. IOW, the narrative has gone great extremes indeed to some how try to break with any degree of Cannanite identity, culturally and even ethnically
The Song of Deborah is one of the most ancient texts in the Hebrew Bible according to the language
Love this. Fascinating stuff
Fascinating.. thanks for sharing this :)
All I know about Israelis is that a lot of people hate them and I don't know why. A lot of people try to convince me to hate them, but I've never met one, so I can't.
You all know who these people are
Sub-Saharan Africans who live in the Western Hemisphere?
Yes the Jews
@@rachelsamuel3328yea black people name a time those “Jews” went into slavery 😂
@@rachelsamuel3328bTge real Jews,
Christ was described of being so dark, it was as if he had "BURNED" in a furnace.
(Revelations 1:14-15)
14 His head and his hairs were white like wool, as white as snow; and his eyes were as a flame of fire;
15
And his feet like unto fine brass, as if they burned in a furnace; and his voice as the sound of many waters.
Jeremiah 14:2
“Judah mourneth, and the gates thereof languish; they are black unto the ground; and the cry of Jerusalem is gone up.”
Song of Solomon 1:5
“I am black, but comely, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, as the tents of Kedar, as the curtains of Solomon.”
Lamentations 5:10
“Our skin was black like an oven because of the terrible famine.”
Isaiah 3:12
“As for my people, children are their oppressors, and women rule over them. O my people, they which lead thee cause thee to err, and destroy the way of thy paths.”
Isaiah 51:20
“Thy sons have fainted, they lie at the head of all the streets, as a wild bull in a net: they are full of the fury of the LORD, the rebuke of thy God.”
He only came for his people that need saving from the heathen as the scripture says
Matthew 15:24
“But he answered and said, I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel.”
Revelation 2:9
“I know thy works, and tribulation, and poverty, (but thou art rich) and I know the blasphemy of them which say they are Jews, and are not, but are the synagogue of Satan.”
Revelation 3:9
“Behold, I will make them of the synagogue of Satan, which say they are Jews, and are not, but do lie; behold, I will make them to come and worship before thy feet, and to know that I have loved thee.”
Does Egypt ever talk about how the Hittites defeated them? One sided historical recording seems to be an Egyptian habit.
Yeah they never mentioned about hebrew slaves who built two cities and pyramids
They DO mention the Hittites. And they made full record of it. Look up Pharaoh Ahmose and Tutmoses III.
@@laxmikc767 Cuz that never happened
@@selfrespect4320 it happened Bro the dna of dead corpse buried beneath pyramid soils had a hebrew -Iraqi traits and u know Abraham lived in Ur before coming to Cannan that is in southern Iraq . And Egypt by its historical accounts described the existence of Hebrews but many historical researchers neglects the historical accounts of bible . If they were not there then why their dna didn't matched with Egyptian but Iraqi ???
Very well said, Good job old boy 😊
Another excellent episode!
It’s not that difficult to guess where “the lost tribes” went, If you read any completed Bible1856, it states the Israelites stayed in Arzareth, a land beyond the great river, far away from the habitation of man. In which the ten tribes of Israel dwell, observing the laws of Moses, until the time of restoration. This is the land to which the ten tribes were deported (2 Esdras 13:45). It is described as "another land" lying a year and a half's journey beyond the river, i.e. the Euphrates. It probably answers to the Hebrew 'erets 'achereth (Deuteronomy 29:28). In Josephus' time the people were still believed to be there in countless numbers (Ant., XI, v, 2). The Aztecs, called themselves ‘Meshika’, which translates to ‘the messiah’ in Hebrew. They also, used other Hebrew words like “Teos”, which means God.
Teos in Hebrew is not "god"...
Teos, is close to Theos, Greek for God, not Hebrew.
What about before Joshua?.
Deuteronomy 7:7
“The LORD did not set his love upon you, nor choose you, because ye were more in number than any people; for ye were the fewest of all people:”
10:55 So the kibutz are really old.
11:54 I don't understand how the Collared Rim Jar and the 3 or 4 room pillared house are indications to Israelite towns?
Watch the first episode of the series, where he explains it
Where are episodes 1 & 2? I'd love to see them.
I don't understand the connection between the Habiru being described as dogs and the conclusion that therefore they were of a marginalized social class. Maybe they were just enemies and therefore describing them as dogs makes perfect sense. Those dogs are attacking us, raiding and pillaging, besieging our cities. Maybe they weren't bandits at all, they were just at a hostile group waging war, raiding and pillaging to weaken the enemy and to support the war effort. After all, they were amassing armies, making alliances, and besieging towns and cities. The assumptions and conclusions that historians jump to really irk me. It is as if they want a certain narrative to be true.
@@stephenlaing2152 Thanks for the reference
Nicely done, Honey!
Great content!
Luke 21:24
[24]And they shall fall by the edge of the sword, and shall be led away captive into all nations: and Jerusalem shall be trodden down of the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled.
For the inhabitant of Maroth waited carefully for good: but evil came down from the Lord unto the gate of Jerusalem.
Micah 1:12 KJV
Happened in 70 AD. Jerusalem and our temple Solomon built was destroyed. Fled into western part Africa to hide. Eventually sold to the Greeks
@@Yahawashiiii ok now tell me when this happened.
Isaiah 11:11
[11]And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.
@@revelation6175 That is a future prophesy. The lord return to execute his vengeance. It's precepted in Jeremiah 23 3. There are many more precepts.
@@Yahawashiiii That is a huge lie. "Jews" never fled to Africa.
Dear Patheos,
Hold it !! "The walls of Jericho described in Joshua did not exist in the Late Bronze Age" (min. 1:10 ff)
This assertion may not be an accurate statement.
When Garstang excavated Tell es-Sultan in the 1930's, he concluded that the walls of City IV were destroyed in the Late Bronze Age. His conclusions were based on primarily the evidence presented by an evaluation of the ceramic typology and three scarabs bearing the names of Hatshepsut (ca. 1503-1483 BC), Thutmose III (ca 1504-1450 BC), Amenhotep III (ca. 1386 BC-1349 BC), in tombs to the northwest of the city, that correspond to that city and matches the pottery in City IV.
Kenyon excavated Tell es-Sultan in the 1950's and concluded that City IV was destroyed at end of the Middle Bronze Age, ca 1550 BC. Her primary reason for this date was largely based on the absence of imported Cypriot bichrome pottery, that was typical of the Late Bronze Age, as she had experienced finding in prior excavations. Hence, her reasoning is that, Jericho's walls must have fallen at a time before that pottery typically existed - the Middle Bronze Age.
That is why she concluded that the walls had fallen (a point that she agreed had occurred) at a time well before the arrival of Joshua. So her conclusion was based on what she did not find - a lack of evidence issue. (note: she only excavated a small portion of Tell es-Sultan, so one can see the obvious fallacy of her thinking)
Dr. Bryant Wood, an expert in Late Bronze Age Canaanite ceramics, suspected there was a problem with Kenyon's evaluation, because of several reasons.
1. Garstang HAD reported finding imported Cypriot bichrome pottery in his excavation. So the early date assigned by Kenyon was not justifiable just because she didn't find the ceramic indicator she desired to find, ...... because others had found it.
2. She should not have focused on a single indicator. Her conclusion was based on that single idea that she failed to find her indicator.
3. Wood discovered that the section of Tell es-Sultan that Kenyon excavated was one of the more impoverished sections of the city, and it would be less likely that poorer sections of the city would have the more expensive imported pottery.
4. Wood conducted an analysis of the ceramics Garstang found in his excavation and confirmed the pottery Garstang found was indeed correctly dated to the Late Bronze Age which prompts the question -- How did Late Bronze Age pottery get into a destruction layer that occurred 150 yrs. earlier ?
5. Wood conducted an analysis of the ceramics found in Kenyon's excavation and concluded that the pottery she found in the City IV destruction layer was also dated to the Late Bronze Age, which also prompts the prior question ... and another question; Why did Kenyon ignore the Late Bronze Age common-ware pottery that she herself found in her own excavation ?? Did she fail to recognize the age of the pottery that she did find and base more priority on what she didn't find ??
6. Why had Kenyon ignored the dating of the scarabs found in Garstang's excavation and a few scarabs she had found ? The Scarabs were found in strata that corresponds to the strata of the destruction of City IV, but the names inscribed on the scarabs are people that existed after Kenyon's proposed time of destruction of City IV. (That is like finding a document signed by Robert E. Lee in the ruins of a revolutionary war site.)
Wood concluded that the ceramic evidence found by both Garstang and Kenyon is clearly in support of a Late Bronze Age destruction of City IV.
Wood also notes that the evidence found in both excavations is remarkably consistent with the description of events as described in the Joshua Documents. This strongly suggests that who ever wrote the Joshua Documents was probably an eyewitness of the event. The details of the description in the Joshua documents matches the finds in the excavations in the, ... description of the walls falling and how they fell, the time of the year the event occurred, the fact that a portion of the wall was not destroyed (as confirmed in Sellin and Watzinger's excavation), and that there were residences and windows in the wall at places. The actually walls fell before the conflagration. the siege of the city must have been short and the city was not completely plunder by its conquerers, as was the typical practice, and etc.
If the Joshua Document had been conceived and written many hundreds of years (700 BC) after the fact, it would be very difficult to rationally and reasonably explain all of these correlations between the description of the event in the Text, and the actual finds of the excavations that supports the narrative of the text. It is more reasonable and rational to assume the Joshua Document was written only a short time afterwards and contemporaneous with the events.
Lorenzo Nigro, has been leading some of the most current excavations. During a lecture he was presenting, someone posed a question asking what time period did the walls fall at Jericho. Nigro (who does not hold the position of the standard Early Exodus Theory) responded saying that the walls fell in the Late Bronze Age (this conclusion is not in agreement with his position, so then is no reason to assume bias). I have a video of him making that statement. So Nigro is in agreement with Garstang and Wood, and in disagreement with Kenyon.
The Late Bronze Age Destruction of Tell es-Sultan City IV, Joshua's Jericho, Is strongly supported by the archaeological finds in the excavations, and particularly the ceramics.
There is more evidence than this, but to be concise I have omitted some supporting evidence.
Just a quick note on the Carbon Dating
The first carbon dating of Tell es-Sultan City IV, was taking from some of the burnt grain found in pots, which was abundantly found in the destruction level. The first results returned a date of a Late Bronze Age destruction, which was later recalled because the date needed to be "recalibrated". The recalibrated date came back and it was right on Kenyon's date (how about that !). Many other samples (of this grain) have been sent out by others and a wide range of dates have been returned. Nigro, tested two samples from City IV in 2000; one sample dated to 1347 BC (+/- 85 years) and the other dated to 1597 (+/- 91 years). The oldest date returned for the City IV destruction was 1883 BC (much earlier that Kenyon's proposal), and the latest was 1262 BC. This represents a 600 year range in carbon dating, for the same event.
If you are familiar with Egyptologist Manfred Beitak, who lead the excavation of Avaris, in Egypt for over 35 years (70 excavation seasons), then you may be familiar with his opposition to the accuracy of carbon dating in the Late Bronze Age in Egypt. He contends that the carbon dates usually gives older results than the archaeological dating. He has written academic papers on this problem and most archaeologists are aware of this problem. This problem does appear to present itself also in the Levant during the Late Bronze Age.
Some have postulated that the Thera Eruption may had affected the accuracy of carbon dating in the Late Bronze Age, accounting for the disagreement between carbon dating and archaeology, but this explanation has not been confirmed. We still don't know whay this happens fro certain, but it is a phenomenon that must be considered when dating in this time period. (note: carbon dating is often a very useful tool for archaeologists, but for this time period, carbon dating appears to be affected by some anomaly)
DZ
Whenever they don't want to acknowledge black greatness they say its not sure who they were. They can say for sure everything else. This also happens with the ancient Egyptians, they don't know. So whenever there's a great ancient civilizations that the scholars (so called) say its not sure who they were, be sure they were black .
True racism Is real
Except the Egyptians hated the Sub-Saharan culture and the Pictographs show the Egyptian charioteers running over the dark skinned Africans or beating them with sticks,
As for the Israelites. We know that they were not Negroid, There are pictures in Mosaics. Frescoes, and description as well as genetic evidence that they were olive skinned, (Class IV on the Fitzpatrick skin scale) often with light hair and eyes.
These are devils
Fascinating, even for an atheist such as myself.
I've just now realized that the only thing that I know about the Philistines is their name is used as an insult; meaning backwards or perhaps simple.
Likely an insult by the Israelites. The archaeology doesn't paint them as backwards. They even had baths. We've inherited a bias.
It does not mean that
It means without fine culture
Hey! This is really interesting. I have a question though. In the last episode on the Canaanites you said that the Book of Joshua said the Israelites defeated Canaanites after escaping slavery in Egypt. This episode seems to imply that the Israelites emerged after the collapse of the Canaanite culture. So all the stories about Israelites escaping slavery in Egypt and then defeating Canaanites have no historical evidence? If so do we know why it was written so in the Bible? (E.g. To create a common origin story for the Israelites, like you said at the end?)
It's probably more complex, the biblical account was an iron account of bronze age events, so there was an evolution of the legend over the centuries. The Habiru were probably escaped slaves, rural outcastes, and border tribals that the Israelites later coalesced and emerged from. Egyptian overlordship of the area made them the Big Bad Guys. Overtime a narratives of escaped slaves surviving in the wilderness and highlands, rebels against Egyptian governors and local princes, evolved into the biblical epics we know today
For those without background knowledge, i think it is better to give a linear story. Juming from evidence to evidence especially when some contradicts others is confusing. Scholarly arguments are useful to those who have a broad understanding already
I think he's holding back info still never heard who the Israelites people was . He say the philistines where Greeks
Its Not meter what some scholars thinks or say ... After thousand of years later only God Inspired word will guide ...
Such great little lectures.
Really like your stuff.
Well logical since Haremhab was the Pharao during the exodus, since Moshe/Prince Thutmosis grew up with Akhenaten, in Egypt exists only the grave of prince thutmosis cat, while his staff which was found in the 19 century in Jordan is kept in a museum in England with the Egyptian inscription that it belongs to thutmosis. And it dates back to the times of Akhenaten to Haremhabs times around 1300 to 1350 bce.
We lived very simply but as technology progressed, so did our lifestyle. Its how generations evolve.
Sad! Still lying on us! SMH
Good stuff!
I need more, you do such good work!
Lets not forget that Egypt underwent a humiliating defeat by a slave nation and as you know, the Egyptian would not have advertised that fact in stone anywhere. The Biblical text is likely to be the most accurate depiction of historic events.
I thought in this drought and famine times the elites in the cities were toppled by the poor who were not able to pay the taxes anymore and mercenaries who did not get payed anymore. But slowly fizzling out city culture changing to a more simple pastoralist lifestyle without much violence is also a good explanation. We do have reports from many cities of about 1180 bc that went down in violence, maybe not from all cities. There was also a change in warfare from heroes in carts fighting other heroes in carts with the support of some footsoldiers to no heroes in carts anymore. (except egypt). Loss of writing and reading in wide areas, cuneiform lost its importance mostly but the practise not to use vocals in writing survived somehow. I hope i am not too far off, please correct me.
It seems that semi-nomads turned to small villages of herders etc sounds an awful lot like the Biblical narrative. Pre-Moses Israelites were semi-nomadic and then after Joshua they are described similar to the archeological record until Saul/David. It seems the archeological record presented is pretty similar to the Biblical description of the people?
Actually the “egalitarian lifestyle” is what Samuel said would be lost by having a king. It sounds. Seems like that happened
Not to mention: Of course we are going to see other peoples and other gods mixed in the archaeological record. That’s what the Bible says happened (the Israelites married/mixed with the other groups and worshiped false gods when they weren’t supposed to in the narrative itself)
Yes, but the Bible implies that it was a separate religion, when at least one of those gods-- Asherah-- was originally Yahweh's wife. Ergo, when they were worshipping all these other gods, it was all as a single religion alongside Yahweh, not in spite of him.
@@MrChristianDT try Baal's wife ,their two statues are what is mentioned.
The Hebrews were instructed not to make idols of YHWH, but the priests of Baal did along with Asherah on high places.
Not following YHWH instructions is idolatry, not just having other gods in a pantheon.
2 kings 10:26,27
The children of Bethel ,are young 18-20 priests of these false gods.
See: Dr.Michael Heiser video taken from an article on the language used above the 2 Bears tearing up these " children ".
It's not what every atheist believes it says!
Also 2 kings 3:27 says a human sacrifice helped wrath come against lsrael; some say YHWH was defeated here, not true lsrael, Judah and Edom went to war and YHWH gave the victory because of Judah ! See 3 kings 3 :13,14.
Also gods are tied to people's and land that's why it's important for the Jews to go back to lsrael.
And why 2 kings ch17-19 are important!
There is alot more archeology yet to be discovered , don't write off the lsraelites like the Hittites and king David were!
Just because we haven't found the evidence yet doesn't mean their isn't any!
Not all scholars agree with Finklestein 's book.
@@MrChristianDT young men not children BTW the Hebrew supports this in other passages.
@@MrChristianDT that is a good Mormon interpretation of YHWH having Heavenly mother from Asherah!
YHWH doesn't need a pagan wife but Baal does.
The Bible states that YHWH is the cloud rider instead of Baal and is creator of all other Elohim.
Thats why when Jesus said to the high Priest in Matthew 26:64 the high priest tore his clothes because Jesus said 2 things He was the Son of Man of Daniel 7 and the cloud rider the visible YHWH of the O.T. of the invisible YHWH ( Father).
@@MrChristianDT the guy in the above video literally has a video on his religion for breakfast channel debunking that theory. You should check it out :)
The often repeated claim that "we know" that the book of Joshua wasn't written until the Babylonian Captivity because there were no walls of Jericho until the 7th century BCE... is just based on the fact that during the excavation they didn't find a specific kind of pottery that was otherwise popular in other cities during the 14th century BCE.
That's it. Couldn't possibly be that "this city didn't have a good trade relation with the source of the otherwise popular pottery" or simply "this "may have preferred a different kind of pottery at the time." Pottery can be a bit of a clue... but it's not by any means conclusive.
Meanwhile, within the walls of Jericho, they found ornamental scarabs with the cartouches of 18th dynasty pharaohs, ending with Amenhotep III (14th century BCE). The stratigraphy reveals a massive earthquake, then the walls all collapsing, then a fire with jars full of grains and valuables that would usually be looted during a military raid.
The biblical timeline puts Moses dying and Joshua taking over around 1400 BCE, but isn't particularly clear how long after Joshua took over that Jericho fell, but if Amenhotep III started reigning in 1389 BCE and Jericho fell around 1380, having some artifacts referring to him makes sense.
Very well done. Scholarly.
Hebrews is in English. Ivrim עברים is in Hebrew and means ever-to cross. Crossed the river.
I don't understand why people my color think they are Israelites and read out of a book that has roman scriptures. Neither of them are descendants of From Rome or Israel. SMH
Thank you, they seem to want to be anything than African. There is a great channel about African history and people on You Tube, called *Home Team History* check it out, he is really knowledgable.
You got a White Women thanking you for going against your own people lol
@@rachelsamuel3328 you found ONE black man to agree with u and now ur so excited lol
@@yolocalmathteacher8335 There are many blacks who are proud to be from Africa. Only the sad, lost ones think they are Israelites.
@@yolocalmathteacher8335 I went against the lie. Not my people. My people are more than just believers of false hood. Most are wrapped in the devil's mental chains called spiritual slavery. I have the original spiritual knowledge that will set them free from false hood if they choose to learn and listen.
You said the Bible says Israel isn't a people that was a lie...
👉🏾1 Peter 2:9
👉🏾“But ye are a chosen generation,👈🏾 a royal priesthood, an 👉🏾holy nation, 👈🏾👉🏾a peculiar people;👈🏾🤔 that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light:”
King James Version (KJV)
Chosen generation by definition means "race" by etymology its is mentioned multiple times Israel is a people or nation in all of the translations show the same..
Absolutely interesting!
1. Simple the bible says they are black skin Africans.( like all people on earth until whites came down from the mountians & stole greece).
2. The greeks say the hebrews look like Ethiopians & Egyptians....which explains how moses passed as Pharoah's grandson & how jesus blended in with Egyptians.
3. Rome said israelites look like Ethiopians.
4. The bible says jesus skin looked like Bronze. Bronze is the color of African skin only.
Now you all know the truth. They are a African Ethnic group like the millions of black groups of earth.
The Israelites were only 4000 years ago there were white people for over 10,000 years by that point.
The Israelites were Caucasoid, not Negroid,
Nowhere does the Greeks say that the Hebrews or Israelites were like Ethiopians,
Nowhere does the bible say that the Israelites had skin like bronze.
@@rachelsamuel3328😂😂😂
The Family of Esau GENESIS 36 1-5
1Now this is the genealogy of Esau, who is Edom. 2Esau took his wives from the daughters of Canaan: Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite; Aholibamah[a] the daughter of Anah, the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite; 3and Basemath, Ishmael’s daughter, sister of Nebajoth. 4Now Adah bore Eliphaz to Esau, and Basemath bore Reuel. 5And [b]Aholibamah bore Jeush, Jaalam, and Korah. These were the sons of Esau who were born to him in the land of Canaan.
The evidence cited doesn’t lead to the assertions made. The most persuasive interpretation of the literary and archaeological data remains that the Biblical narrative accurately captures historical events.
Does it?
1611 King James songs of Solomon 1:5 and 6/ Job 30:30/ Amos 9:7 it's amazing how churches like to cherry pick their messages...
Song of Solomon is the Sulamite slave girl who explains that the daughters of Jerusalem (Israelite women) looked down on her because she was dark. And she explains that She became dark because of the sun, (suntan) she was not born dark.
Job 30:30 explains that the black, bloody, crusty scabs that Satan had caused because of boils, fell from his body after he scraped at them with terracotta potsherds. It says nothing about the color of his skin.
Amos 9:7 explains that the Ethiopians are the same as the Israelites to God, as are the Philistines, and Syrians. All were worshipping pagan gods, yet God saved them. It says nothing about anybogy's skin color. Just that the Israelites thought they would ge treated better by God, and God said he saved all these other Pagan people.
@@shainazion4073 If you go back to BC engravings you'll see the children of Israel with dreadlocked hair. Deuteronomy 28:68 explains the ships same as the transatlantic slave ship. Judah came here in America. Deuteronomy 28:48
Why would they call the Habiru "stray" possibly because they were in Egypt out of their own land and later slaves. Bandits and slaves are basically opposite unless the bandit leader enslaves them of course. What year is the letter that states that they would starve to death circa?
Does this mean the story of exodus isn’t true?
SHASU OF YAHU mentioned in Egyptian script = The tribe of Judah was originated in south Jordan
"Sir Flinders Petrie" took me a minute to digest lol
Did he invent glass dishes, too? :P :P :P
Check out Prof. Knohel and the the Tribe of Jakob-El theory.
“ I Get up in the mornin slaving for bread, sir, so that every mouth can be fed, poor, poor, me Israelites”
Excellent video, as always.
What do you think of the work of Kathleen Kenyon who found destroyed Jericho walls and proposed they were related to the Exodus story?
Kenyon denied the biblical account She said the dates were wrong. But she was criticized for a slap dash job did on Jericho.
I mean the conquest in the book of exodus kind have occurred in the middle Bronze Age period
If you find a notation about "Israel" this has to be after they are a people
I say it in that fashion, because, according to Genesis, they were first called HEBREWS, or Ivri
This glosses rather quickly over the link between Habiru and Hebrew. Oh well, the Habiru were a bunch of marauders, so they can't possibly be our ancestors, therefore... no link. Many scholars actually think there is a strong case. Sometimes one has to be able to entertain the inconvenient truth?
Hebrew in Hebrew is IVRIT they didn't usa English in the Levant then, "Habiru" doesnt sound like "Ivrit,"
Would love to see your analysis of the Hyksos, 14th & 15 Dynasties of Egypt and the Genesis story of Joseph through to the Exodus!
Additionally as further circumstancial evidence for the biblical exodus the emergence of the proto-sinaitic script at roughly the same time as the "semitic" peoples were in Egypt and then suddenly left and took the script with them into Canaan.
@@tex8788 It's a collaboration
Hyksos theory would completely demolish the exodus story as hyksos were completely repelled of by the ahmose 1 and tutmose III extended the rule of 15 dynasty all the way up to Hittite kingdom. If they migration occurred during that time they would just be migrating into more Egyptian territory and as explained in the previous video of canannites the region of israel was under the rule of canannites in 13th and 12th century.
Israels seed is not cd be interpreted as
Merneftah having obliterated its
ruler, (maybe an Egyptian vassal who revolted) and his dynasty.
0:30 was that Patric?
I read that only Philistines ate pigs (that were originally from Greece) in this area. But he said that we see the Israelites avoided pig, didn't most of the surrounding groups avoid it?
@Desire Of All Nations Could you quote the verse please? I remember it about sexuality and we do see that the ancient Egyptians had a lot of incest.
Men stop connect those people to Greeks who have nothing to do maybe have some connection with some island or those of Crete and cyprus and probably with those in magna Grecia but are not the Greeks they are tribes existing before who trading with them Greeks go there the judeans are not Greeks and Greeks dont come from any abraham and other talmudic patriarchs have not any connection with Greek culture
@@art.f7973 No one is saying that Judeans are Greek but that the Philistines were.
@@stevenv6463 no they was not not all people in Greece are from Greeks are not neither Greek names for Greeks mean Latin speaking? Greek mythology have nothing in common with Middleastern cananean uses neither Jewish one
Maybe The Habrus are related to the Hibrus Like Abram to Abraham. Or Sarai to Sarah. Maybe they have fallen from the Hibrus in doing not good and therefore lost the i in the name to habrus?
Question? If you cover this subject. How does Palestine relate to the Jews before and at the time of Christ. Does it relate at all? Is some place in Palestine famous or built on a magnetic rock like Jerusalem. Where the Arabs and Jews are fighting over the rock the moss is built on?
1:09- Joshua written in 7th bce
Confused not Religion for Breakfast, and where are the other two episodes?
This is a new Patheos series featuring Dr. Andrew Henry from Religion for Breakfast. You can find full series here: ruclips.net/video/zWwGFVGAJP0/видео.html
Patheos for Desert?
Where is episode one?