I had a past life in Peru thousands years ago. I saw that there was upside down stairs where all the citizens had to stand upside down without falling after meditation. This was an every day exersice.The most capable could go higher. we all died suddenly from an air attack. The stairs were made like this on purpose. When I started searching If this could even be true I stepped in your video!
You summarized it nicely at the end of this Sacsayhuaman video! To think that this is Inca work just doesn't make sense! "We need to keep digging!" And I agree completely! There must be something to be found! A tool of some type that is carbondatable and truly tells the story of those whom used them! Doesn't it look like they were recycling their cut stones? Like the clay leftovers at the edges of a potters work bench after he's attached about a hundred handles to some custom coffee mugs,,,, Thanks Again! Great Video!
Definitely a lot of questions about this place. Perhaps Sacsayhuaman was built with massive numbers of workers, dirt ramps, wooden rollers, and levers and ropes, according to conventional theory. But the process of shaping and re-shaping these stones to get the precise fit between interlocking blocks must have been slow, tedious, and extremely dangerous. The stone surfaces also exhibit many strange indentations and scrape features; how and why were these created in limestone? Given the Bronze Age tools of the Incas, construction of an architectural feat like Sacsayhuaman is truly puzzling. How were the precision benches of the Rodadero fashioned with only stone hammers? I don't believe anyone has ever replicated this in modern times. How to explain the layout and design of Muyu Marca? And the cataclysmic field of overturned stones? And the rocks cuts that seem to have been made with a saw? You're right -- there are still so many questions. We must keep an open mind.
It's not like Rome,, where everything makes sense. And it's all just really old. Everything around Sacsayhuaman just doesn't seem identifiable. Relatable. Stonework should not be a mystery. Hey,, I am currently working on my next video which is about trapezoidal doorways,, and I'm wondering if you can answer something for me! ?? I'm noticing that there aren't any hinge marks on the door jambs. You were there,, You took a lot of photos. Do you think there were ever any doors on the double jam gateway at Ollyantetambo? or Sacsay? It appears that they never had doors in these stone entrances,, Thnx.
Poop I badly wanted to see that tunnel. I had no torch myself when my tour group walked through. It was, indeed, long and dark and claustrophobic…and the girl in front of me lost her camera lens cap. We couldn’t find it but we told our guide, she told some kids and they did find it. All I recall is being utterly terrified and glad when we got out.
Yes, that tunnel is pitch black. Thankfully it is short, narrow, and one-way. So impossible to get lost! Hope you enjoyed your time in that beautiful land. Thanks for watching.
Chapter LI “Of how Inca Yupanqui (Pachacutec) founded the Royal house of the Sun on a hill on top of Cuzco, to the northern part, and which the Spaniards commonly know as Fortress and of its admirable building and huge stones which can be seen there.” Cieza de Leon (Official Chronicler of the Spanish Crown)- El Señorio de los Incas PEDRO CIEZA DE LEÓN.- “Crónica del Perú”, “…INCA YUPANQUI…mando que viniesen de las provincias que señalaron veinte mil hombres…pues los Españoles lo han desvaratado y parado tal, cual yo no quisiera ver la culpa grande de los que han gobernado en lo haber permitido, y que una cosa tan insigne se hubiese desbaratado, sin mirar los tiempos y sucesos que puedan venir y que fuera mejor tenerla en pie y con guarda…había muchos aposentos en esa fuerza, uno encima de otro, pequeños y otros entre suelos, grande y haciéndose dos cubos, el uno mayor que el otro, anchos y tan bien sacados que no se como lo encarecer según están primos y las piedras tan bien puestas y labradas, y debajo de tierra dicen que hay mayores edificios. Y cuentan con otras que no escribo, por no las tener por ciertas comenzando a hacer esta fuerza en tiempo de INKA YUPANQUI; labro mucho su hijo Tupac Inca y Guayna Capac y Huascar…”. "There went Topa Ynga Yupangue...and it seemed to him that it was good to build on a mountain called Xacxahuaman Urco and the plan was made by him..."- Juan de Betanzos - Spanish chronicle. Cieza de Leon also states that the Inca used "great cables of leather and hemp" - Cronica del Peru Juan de Betanzos (married to the wife of an Inca king) says that thousands of local people pulled ropes: “…y mandó Topa Ynga Yupanque que toda la multitud fuese a tirar de las sogas con que venía atada…” Garcilaso de la Vega (mestizo chronicler, son of a royal Inca mother and a conquistador father) states the same opinion: “To lift up and take down the stones...they did it all by the strength of their own arms." Guaman Poma (indigenous nobleman) even shows illustrations of how the Inca pulled megaliths with ropes. peruenroute.wordpress.com/2012/02/27/sacsayhuaman-how-incas-built/#jp-carousel-3601 This method has also been used by architect explorer Vince Lee and it was shown on a NOVA documentary. Garcilazo de la Vega even gives the names of the architects: Huallpa Rimachi Inca, Inca Maricanchi, Acahuana and Calla Chunchuy. "the buildings...the INCAS turned into fortresses, temples, into roads...were many and required excessive work as evidenced today by the ruins and remains left in Cuzco," Father Jose Acosta XVI century chronicle- Jesuist priest who crossed the Andes learning about Peru. He learned quechua and founded colleges. Recently archaeologists have found a Killke culture ceramica and a temple of "rustic" architecture from the 12 century and even an Inca statues, metal objects, funerary niches, remains of andean camelids, andean textiles and even an irrigations system underneath Sacsayhuaman. This system supplied the city of Cusco with water and there is even an Inca road used to give maintenance to the system and a systems of terracing underneath it. The aquaduct is even mentioned in the chronicles of Juan Polo de Ondegardo y Zarate who wrote about it in 1571. Garcilaso de la Vega “El Inca” also wrote about the method of cutting stones: “The quarryfolks, ..., who had no other instruments to work the stones, but some black cobbles they called hihuana (sic. for hihuaya), with which they dress the stones by bruising rather than cutting” (lib II, cap. XXVIII, 1976, p. 119, tomo I). This is also corroborated by experiments published by Emeritus Professor of Architecture Jean Pierre Protzen who even showed the technique on a documentary by NOVA. Regarding the way the stones were moved... "These Indians used to move very large stones with muscle power, pulling them with many long ropes of lianas and leaf fibers,..., and they [the stones] are so big that 15 yokes of oxen could not pull them” (Gutierrez de Santa Clara lib. 3, cap. 63, 1904-1929, p. 550). Dragging big blocks involves large transportation crews: “Four thousand of them were breaking stones and extracting stones; six thousand were hauling them with big ropes of hide and leaf fibers; ... (Cieza de León cap. LI, 1967, p. 170) the Jesuit priest Bernabé Cobo reported that “... since they lacked cranes, wheels and engines to lift them [the stones], they made a steep ramp attached to the work over which they raised them; as the edifice was growing they raised the ramp; this device I saw in use at the cathedral of Cuzco that is being built; because the masons who work on this construction are Indians they let them ... use what they are accustomed to ...” (tomo II, libr. XIV, cap. XII, 1964, p. 262). Chronicles at different times and places near the time of the conquest written by officials of the Spanish crown, conquistadors married to Inca nobility, mestizo inca and indigenous noblemen, drawings and jesuist priests (the scholars of their time) as well as archaeological evidence prove that Sacsayhuaman is Inca and definitely the legacy of peruvian civilization.
Thanks for your informative response! Yes there is a great deal of discussion by Spanish chroniclers about how Sacsayhuaman was built, isn't there? My personal opinion is that it's difficult to say with certainty how much of these writings are based upon hearsay, poor translation, exaggeration, or pure fabrication. It seems that the conquistadors, like many of their Inca sources, were not only guilty of unintentional personal bias; they likely also had numerous motivations for intentionally massaging the narrative of Peru's history, including cultural/religious arrogance and political maneuvering. It's also interesting to note that, with the exception of de León, Zarate, de Betanzos, and a few others, most chroniclers lived or wrote their perspectives long after (sometimes centuries after) the conquest of the Incas; I wonder how many, if any, actually witnessed Sacsayhuaman's construction. I also can't help but wonder if the rock-moving described by Cobo and others only documents the deconstruction of Sacsayhuaman by local laborers (the Spanish employed teams of indigenous workers to pillage the site for stonework for Spanish churches, leaving the heaviest stones in place), rather than the construction. Protzen's experiment was very informative, too. If I recall correctly, didn't he use cobblestones and a method of dressing that are comparably smaller and cruder than the large stones and precision cuts found at Sacsayhuaman? Such fascinating questions about an amazing place! Hopefully we will continue to learn more about its history! I'm very grateful for your comments.
I had a past life in Peru thousands years ago. I saw that there was upside down stairs where all the citizens had to stand upside down without falling after meditation. This was an every day exersice.The most capable could go higher. we all died suddenly from an air attack. The stairs were made like this on purpose. When I started searching If this could even be true I stepped in your video!
You summarized it nicely at the end of this Sacsayhuaman video! To think that this is Inca work just doesn't make sense! "We need to keep digging!"
And I agree completely! There must be something to be found! A tool of some type that is carbondatable and truly tells the story of those whom used them!
Doesn't it look like they were recycling their cut stones? Like the clay leftovers at the edges of a potters work bench after he's attached about a hundred handles to some custom coffee mugs,,,, Thanks Again! Great Video!
Definitely a lot of questions about this place. Perhaps Sacsayhuaman was built with massive numbers of workers, dirt ramps, wooden rollers, and levers and ropes, according to conventional theory. But the process of shaping and re-shaping these stones to get the precise fit between interlocking blocks must have been slow, tedious, and extremely dangerous. The stone surfaces also exhibit many strange indentations and scrape features; how and why were these created in limestone? Given the Bronze Age tools of the Incas, construction of an architectural feat like Sacsayhuaman is truly puzzling. How were the precision benches of the Rodadero fashioned with only stone hammers? I don't believe anyone has ever replicated this in modern times. How to explain the layout and design of Muyu Marca? And the cataclysmic field of overturned stones? And the rocks cuts that seem to have been made with a saw? You're right -- there are still so many questions. We must keep an open mind.
It's not like Rome,, where everything makes sense. And it's all just really old. Everything around Sacsayhuaman just doesn't seem identifiable. Relatable. Stonework should not be a mystery. Hey,, I am currently working on my next video which is about trapezoidal doorways,, and I'm wondering if you can answer something for me! ?? I'm noticing that there aren't any hinge marks on the door jambs. You were there,, You took a lot of photos. Do you think there were ever any doors on the double jam gateway at Ollyantetambo? or Sacsay? It appears that they never had doors in these stone entrances,, Thnx.
Poop I badly wanted to see that tunnel. I had no torch myself when my tour group walked through. It was, indeed, long and dark and claustrophobic…and the girl in front of me lost her camera lens cap. We couldn’t find it but we told our guide, she told some kids and they did find it. All I recall is being utterly terrified and glad when we got out.
Yes, that tunnel is pitch black. Thankfully it is short, narrow, and one-way. So impossible to get lost! Hope you enjoyed your time in that beautiful land. Thanks for watching.
Chapter LI
“Of how Inca Yupanqui (Pachacutec) founded the Royal house of the Sun on a hill on top of Cuzco, to the northern part, and which the Spaniards commonly know as Fortress and of its admirable building and huge stones which can be seen there.”
Cieza de Leon (Official Chronicler of the Spanish Crown)- El Señorio de los Incas
PEDRO CIEZA DE LEÓN.- “Crónica del Perú”,
“…INCA YUPANQUI…mando que viniesen de las provincias que señalaron veinte mil hombres…pues los Españoles lo han desvaratado y parado tal, cual yo no quisiera ver la culpa grande de los que han gobernado en lo haber permitido, y que una cosa tan insigne se hubiese desbaratado, sin mirar los tiempos y sucesos que puedan venir y que fuera mejor tenerla en pie y con guarda…había muchos aposentos en esa fuerza, uno encima de otro, pequeños y otros entre suelos, grande y haciéndose dos cubos, el uno mayor que el otro, anchos y tan bien sacados que no se como lo encarecer según están primos y las piedras tan bien puestas y labradas, y debajo de tierra dicen que hay mayores edificios. Y cuentan con otras que no escribo, por no las tener por ciertas comenzando a hacer esta fuerza en tiempo de INKA YUPANQUI; labro mucho su hijo Tupac Inca y Guayna Capac y Huascar…”.
"There went Topa Ynga Yupangue...and it seemed to him that it was good to build on a mountain called Xacxahuaman Urco and the plan was made by him..."- Juan de Betanzos - Spanish chronicle.
Cieza de Leon also states that the Inca used "great cables of leather and hemp" - Cronica del Peru
Juan de Betanzos (married to the wife of an Inca king) says that thousands of local people pulled ropes:
“…y mandó Topa Ynga Yupanque que toda la multitud fuese a tirar de las sogas con que venía atada…”
Garcilaso de la Vega (mestizo chronicler, son of a royal Inca mother and a conquistador father) states the same opinion:
“To lift up and take down the stones...they did it all by the strength of their own arms."
Guaman Poma (indigenous nobleman) even shows illustrations of how the Inca pulled megaliths with ropes.
peruenroute.wordpress.com/2012/02/27/sacsayhuaman-how-incas-built/#jp-carousel-3601
This method has also been used by architect explorer Vince Lee and it was shown on a NOVA documentary.
Garcilazo de la Vega even gives the names of the architects: Huallpa Rimachi Inca, Inca Maricanchi, Acahuana and Calla Chunchuy.
"the buildings...the INCAS turned into fortresses, temples, into roads...were many and required excessive work as evidenced today by the ruins and remains left in Cuzco,"
Father Jose Acosta XVI century chronicle- Jesuist priest who crossed the Andes learning about Peru. He learned quechua and founded colleges.
Recently archaeologists have found a Killke culture ceramica and a temple of "rustic" architecture from the 12 century and even an Inca statues, metal objects, funerary niches, remains of andean camelids, andean textiles and even an irrigations system underneath Sacsayhuaman. This system supplied the city of Cusco with water and there is even an Inca road used to give maintenance to the system and a systems of terracing underneath it. The aquaduct is even mentioned in the chronicles of Juan Polo de Ondegardo y Zarate who wrote about it in 1571.
Garcilaso de la Vega “El Inca” also wrote about the method of cutting stones: “The quarryfolks, ..., who had no other instruments to work the stones, but some black cobbles they called hihuana (sic. for hihuaya), with which they dress the stones by bruising rather than cutting” (lib II, cap. XXVIII, 1976, p. 119, tomo I).
This is also corroborated by experiments published by Emeritus Professor of Architecture Jean Pierre Protzen who even showed the technique on a documentary by NOVA.
Regarding the way the stones were moved...
"These Indians used to move very large stones with muscle power, pulling them with many long ropes of lianas and leaf fibers,..., and they [the stones] are so big that 15 yokes of oxen could not pull them” (Gutierrez de Santa Clara lib. 3, cap. 63, 1904-1929, p. 550).
Dragging big blocks involves large transportation crews: “Four thousand of them were breaking stones and extracting stones; six thousand were hauling them with big ropes of hide and leaf fibers; ... (Cieza de León cap. LI, 1967, p. 170)
the Jesuit priest Bernabé Cobo reported that “... since they lacked cranes, wheels and engines to lift them [the stones], they made a steep ramp attached to the work over which they raised them; as the edifice was growing they raised the ramp; this device I saw in use at the cathedral of Cuzco that is being built; because the masons who work on this construction are Indians they let them ... use what they are accustomed to ...” (tomo II, libr. XIV, cap. XII, 1964, p. 262).
Chronicles at different times and places near the time of the conquest written by officials of the Spanish crown, conquistadors married to Inca nobility, mestizo inca and indigenous noblemen, drawings and jesuist priests (the scholars of their time) as well as archaeological evidence prove that Sacsayhuaman is Inca and definitely the legacy of peruvian civilization.
Thanks for your informative response! Yes there is a great deal of discussion by Spanish chroniclers about how Sacsayhuaman was built, isn't there? My personal opinion is that it's difficult to say with certainty how much of these writings are based upon hearsay, poor translation, exaggeration, or pure fabrication. It seems that the conquistadors, like many of their Inca sources, were not only guilty of unintentional personal bias; they likely also had numerous motivations for intentionally massaging the narrative of Peru's history, including cultural/religious arrogance and political maneuvering. It's also interesting to note that, with the exception of de León, Zarate, de Betanzos, and a few others, most chroniclers lived or wrote their perspectives long after (sometimes centuries after) the conquest of the Incas; I wonder how many, if any, actually witnessed Sacsayhuaman's construction. I also can't help but wonder if the rock-moving described by Cobo and others only documents the deconstruction of Sacsayhuaman by local laborers (the Spanish employed teams of indigenous workers to pillage the site for stonework for Spanish churches, leaving the heaviest stones in place), rather than the construction. Protzen's experiment was very informative, too. If I recall correctly, didn't he use cobblestones and a method of dressing that are comparably smaller and cruder than the large stones and precision cuts found at Sacsayhuaman? Such fascinating questions about an amazing place! Hopefully we will continue to learn more about its history! I'm very grateful for your comments.
Andrew C Katen One thong is for sure, Peru is an enigmatic country. It is the Egypt of the Americas.
@@etchalaco9971 Yes that is for sure!