X Inactivation and Epigenetics (2017) Etsuko Uno wehi.tv
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- Опубликовано: 10 июн 2024
- X inactivation is a vital process that occurs in all DNA-containing cells of the female body. It is also an important research model and tool for studying epigenetics. Epigenetics refers to processes that tell our cells how, and when, to read the DNA blueprint. The epigenetic regulation of DNA is critical in both normal development and disease.
X inactivation is a type of gene dosage compensation.
In humans, the sex chromosomes X and Y determine the sex of an individual - females have two X chromosomes (XX), males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). All of the genes on the Y chromosome are required in male development, while the genes on the X chromosome are needed for both male and female development.
Because females receive two X chromosomes, they inherit two copies of many of the genes that are needed for normal function. Extra copies of genes or chromosomes can affect normal development. An example is Down's syndrome, which is caused by an extra copy of part or all of chromosome 21.
In female mammals, a process called X inactivation has evolved to compensate for the extra X chromosome. In X inactivation, each cell 'switches off' one of its X chromosomes, chosen at random, to ensure the correct number of genes are expressed, and to prevent abnormal development. 
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This team are the best molecular biology animators of the world. Not only because the videos look great, but they pay a lot of emphasis in brownian motion, random collisions, molecular twitching and protein overcrowded cell compartments. Being the most accurate artist view of the molecular sized life process, duplicates the beauty. Congrats!
These animations are easily the best media productions in the history of the universe. [tear drop]
fact
if we ever meet aliens, this is what they need to see first!
I love the sound effects.
Splat!
the frightening sounds make the video more interesting for me :)
The X inactivation is FAKE NEWS.
@@eireannsg wut
@@colejohnson4941 You can't even write proper English. No wonder you don't understand anything.
@@eireannsg Wow, you just got a lot of information out of a one word reply. Anyhow, I'm just curious as to why X inactivation is "FAKE NEWS"
Am pushing the like button over and over again
Drew Berry and Etsuko Uno are gods for making this kind of animations happen. The rest of the team also does great job. Thank you!
10 years later, still one of the best if not THE best video with regards to X-inactivation ever!
Thanks everyone!
@mdoerkse We use Maya for animation and After Effects for compositing.
A los primeros 4 días después de la fecundación como se encuentran los cromosomas X provenientes del padre y de la madre ???? me podria explicar porfavor
I absolutely love it! A whole lecture of epigenetics in 10 minutes. Hats down!
Fantastic video! But we have more than just epigenetics here 😃👏🏽👏🏽👏🏽
Not really. You don’t know basic stuff in epigenetics like H3K27me3, Chip-seq, DNMT and TET enzymes etc.
This was absolutely amazing, with crystal clear explanation, visual and sound effects. The best educational video I have watched so far. Thank you very much!
The best video of epigenetic ever, no doubt!!
Amazing work. I can just imagine the time take to made all this thousand atoms dynamics to work for the video.
The computer did it.
the best animation about epigenetics...
This was riveting. This was included in my Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression class. Absolutely fascinating to watch. Thank you!
This is one of the best channels on RUclips. Great information, great animation, and weird, but great sound effects as well!
I enjoyed the lecture.
Great animation, it helped me visualize what was going on.
This is blowing my mind. I dont understand like 80% of what hes saying but in highschool these are the questions I wondered but couldnt properly ask. I wanted to see. I wanted to see what was happening. Id ask questions but the teacher would look at me like I was crazy. I love watching these videos. Life is ridiculously complicated
this is one of the best descriptions + visuals
How can one not be simply fascinated and intrigued by this? Outstanding video.
Thank you so much! The bast animations I've seen so far...
I'm following the playlist "Biomedical Animation by wehi.tv" and I've got to say, this is one of the most amazing and beautiful things I've ever seen. Great work.
Those sound effects! I love how they convey how squishy it all is in there. Thanks for these videos!
i love the sound on this!
I don't see anyone else use audio as a metaphor. The sound effects makes these videos so much more engaging and accessible. I love stuff at this level of science that is meant for a wide audience. AND ITS 11 YEARS OLD!
Who created us with this detail and harmony? I'm still baffled by one cell work, can't get my head wrapped around it and yet 100 billions of cell working in harmony which makes one of us a scientist, another a thief, a lawyer, doctor, a homeless, a brocker and so on and so forth. I am going crazy by all this precise detailed engineering that generates all kinds of molecular machines and regenerate itself. WOW.
this is the most breathtaking animation of DNA. the sounds are everything
Really like the voice-over style too.
Absolutely unbelievable.
It's like magic.
So hard to grasp that this evolved via stochastic processes.
I do wonder if human technology will ever catch up. It's just so so far ahead of us, and took such a monumental optimization process to create.
Your videos are so good! Thanks for your scientific and artistic effort!
Very good explanation and a wonderful video, thank you, congratulations.
hands down one of the best biology videos
how did scientists understand all these mechanisms which are so complex and invisible, thank you
Thank you very much! You've saved my final exam!
This video is fraggin' awesome. Thank you so much!
Loved the animations!
Thank you so much, WEHI!
Excellent video, loved the combination of audio/visual effects paired with the soothing, laconic narrator .
Great job on the 3D animation for this video.
Outstanding animation.
absolutely love the narration and sound effects!thnx!:)
Beautiful molecular animations!
Love the sound track!
Great video. Great explanation. Thank you.
Thank you for the AWESOME video!! HELPS A LOT!!!!!!!
A really well-done video, visual and informative
Awesome video and graphics!! great explanation! Thank you
This is a very good clip. Great in terms of animation and explanation.
Thank you very much....great explaining..
I absolutely love it. Thank you very much for this video
the animation and sound effects so scary - i forgot to actually listen to the spoken word. I LOVED IT!
this is so helpful, it clears everything!
the sounds always really brings me into this world.
Hi WEHI, I was wondering if someone could explain this for me!
If a female has an X-linked recessive disease (say that the diseased or mutated gene was on the paternal X-chromosome), will the disease be less severe than if a male had the same disease, because half of her cells will contain active maternal X-chromosomes and inactive paternal X-chromosomes?
Yes, that's true. Males tend to experience more symptoms of the disease because they only have one X-chromosome (and thus only the mutated gene copy on this chromosome). And with many X-linked diseases, males have a higher chance of getting the disease in the first place.
One little sidenote though: Males get their X-chromosome from the mother, so there is actually no "paternal X-chromosome" in males.
+Annika Victoria Yes, that is why males are very disproportionally affected by X-linked disorders such as colourblindness and haemophilia. But indeed fathers can never pass this on to their sons, only carrier daughters.
@@ThePathOfEudaimonia what about lgbt people?
@@hugodaniel8975 Could you be more specific in your question?
@@ThePathOfEudaimonia do Barr bodies make people attracted to men? Like woman are usually attracted to men, maybe gay men or trans women have x inactivation too. Lesbians dont have barr bodies and so on
Bravo! Oncore oncore fro Aotearoa. Thank you for your amazing knowledge
Love the sound effects !
This is just awesome
I love genetics and these types of videos..matter of fact I plan to present my PHD dissertation in this format.
Awesome video! I think the eerie background sound and the bad ass graphics make it so engrossing.
Excellent graphics and narrative!
Just great! Many thanks.
Very helpful, Thank you.
it was really helpful thank you so much
AMAZING. seriously, this is so useful. the animation is superb!!
Amazing compilation!!
thank you for the great video
impresive!!!!! amazingly helpful
Epicgenetics.
Absolutely fantastic video!
LOVE YOU GUYS!
Awsome collection
great animation! thank you so much! :)
This makes me love science even more
So which comes first: histone tail modifications or de-condensation (allowing TFs and histone modifying proteins to bind)?
Subscribed. Amazing stuff, but I would appreciate it if you go more into details. This is very general and I'm constantly looking for detailed descriptions.
This is so fantastic!
Life is so incredibly complex. I don't think our brains are supposed to be able to understand all this, but it's fascinating that they can by naming things and understanding patterns.
Compared to it, our micro-processors, CPUs, GPUs and AIs are children toys.
I love this video so much
OMG. I'm female, and I'm a little freaked out right now. >:O
Awesome animation, though, and a great pedagogic tool.
Amazing. Is there any debate about the sound effects ? I would vote for leaving them out. Thanks.
excelent! thank you
really wonder fulll thanks forward
This is amaaaazing
true wonder of intelligent design
amazing video...
Eat healthy diet full of fruits and vegetables. Exercise regularly, meet your friends or make some and your body would know how to repair itself and stay healthy.
Goosebumps!
thx!
when the view changes when the nucleosome remodeller attaches its like frodo put the ring on
Thank you so much. Very helpful (if creepy sound effects - maybe that helped the info imprint on my memory lol). At the point when the egg has both maternal and paternal X chromosomes - before methylation occurs to silence one of the Xs,: DOES Crossover occur at this point (just before the silencing)?
Thanks
Very informative. What are the sounds based on?
Can you explain me how does allele gene's interaction of 2 female's X chromosomes work? I mean, if, for example, haemophilla disease appears as an X-linked recessive inheritance and a dominant gene turned up to be in inactivated X chromosome, so how does recessive gene expression can be suppressed by an inactivated gene in allele chromosome?
Epicness at it's finest.
this like something straight out David croninberg
what happens to the inactive X chromosome during segregation ???? is it active or inactive ????
AMAZING@!!
Wow thank youu
wooow...just amazing.¡¡¡
Thanks a lot, I really love the video. Can you guys make another video explain more specific how one X chromosome is inactivated
Thankyou for the detailed information. I liked the animation also. Can you help me solve the doubt which arised .. What happens when their is an X-linked disease in females if one of the X chromosome is inactive? We say that males are more susceptible to the X-linked diseases since they have only one X chromosome and females have another X-chromosome to overcome the defects in one X -chromosome.. So how it happens if the other X- chromosome is inactive?
2:55 what happens during meiosis, does the inactive X chromosome gets reactivated again? what happens during mitosis, does the inactive X chromosome gets inactivated again in the new cells?