Lysosomes | Class 11 | New Syllabus | Federal Board | 2024

Host: "Hey there, biology buffs! Welcome to our channel! Today, we're going to explore the fascinating world of lysosomes - the cell's recycling centers!"
[Visuals of cell structure and lysosomes]
Host: "Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells. They're like tiny sacs filled with digestive enzymes, ready to break down and recycle cellular waste and foreign substances."
[Visuals of lysosome formation and function]
Host: "Lysosomes form from the fusion of vesicles from the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. They contain over 50 different enzymes, which work together to degrade proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and even bacteria and viruses!"
[Visuals of autophagy and cellular recycling]
Host: "Lysosomes play a crucial role in autophagy, the process by which cells recycle damaged or dysfunctional organelles and proteins. This helps maintain cellular homeostasis and promotes survival."
[Visuals of lysosomal disorders]
Host: "Dysfunctional lysosomes have been implicated in various diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders like Tay-Sachs and Pompe disease. Research on lysosomes continues to uncover new insights into cellular biology and disease mechanisms."
Host: "Thanks for watching! If you have any questions or topics you'd like us to cover, please leave them in the comments below. Don't forget to like and subscribe for more biology content!"
#federalboard #cellbiology #cell #science #lysosome #lysosome #onlineclasses #onlinelearning

[@sheryarsheryar937]

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[@madihaghafoor3916]

Great one

[@FarahZubair-pj3co]

Masshaallah ❤

[@harismehmood4595]

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[@saimazahid2095]

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[@sheryarsheryar937]

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[@SuratManuKumar]

Would the ER ring around the mitochondria in autophagy digested by lysosomal enzyme before the the mitochondria enclosed by ER
If yes then why it bouds around mitochondria
If not then how it would be possible to digest or break mitochondria without breaking the ER

[@biolovers8653]

When a mitochondrion is damaged or dysfunctional, the ER will:
1. Recognize the damage
2. Wrap the mitochondrion in a double membrane (autophagosome)
3. Direct the autophagosome to the lysosome for degradation
This process ensures that damaged mitochondria are safely removed and recycled, preventing potential harm to the cell.

[@biolovers8653]

During autophagy, lysosomal enzymes enter the autophagosome (a double-membraned structure formed by the ER) through a process called "membrane fusion". Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. _Autophagosome formation_: The ER wraps around the damaged mitochondrion, forming a double-membraned autophagosome.
2. _Lysosome approaches_: A lysosome, containing digestive enzymes, approaches the autophagosome.
3. _Membrane fusion_: The lysosome fuses with the autophagosome, creating a continuous membrane.
4. _Lysosomal enzyme release_: The lysosomal enzymes are released into the autophagosome, now called an autolysosome.
5. _Degradation_: The lysosomal enzymes break down the damaged mitochondrion and other contents within the autolysosome.
The membrane fusion process involves:
1. _SNARE proteins_: Specialized proteins (e.g., Syntaxin, VAMP, and SNAP-25) on the lysosome and autophagosome membranes interact, facilitating fusion.
2. _Rab proteins_: Regulatory proteins (e.g., Rab7) help coordinate membrane fusion and trafficking.
3. _Lipid rearrangement_: Lipids in the membranes are rearranged to facilitate fusion.
This process allows lysosomal enzymes to enter the autophagosome without leaking into the cytosol, ensuring controlled degradation of damaged cellular components.

[@biolovers8653]

Thanks for watching

[@SuratManuKumar]

@@biolovers8653
Thank you so much for exploration
May God help you to monetize your channel .