you are so incredibly knowledgeable and well-spoken in your videos, much nicer to listen to than other chemistry YTers who aren't quite as articulate about what they're doing.
Hey man, still think about your videos from time to time, hope you are doing well. You are one of the great OG chemistry channels that very big impact on my life.
Hi Doug, I'm a huge fan. You have great methods, very safe and are very thorough. That is why I would like to see a video on Diethyl either and how you go about storing it and your methods of preventing peroxides. Look forward to your next video.....
HI Doug, I went ahead and gave this reaction a try last night and everything went great! I used sodium nitrate instead of potassium nitrate and did everything on a 1M scale versus your 4M × 2 setup, but I was able to obtain around 85ml of non-azeotropic nitric acid. Once I buy a 24/40 thermometer adapter I'll go ahead and distill this again to bump the concentration up to 68%. I noticed the "foaming" you were talking about as the reaction mixture boiled away and I definitely appreciated the warning about not letting this get out of hand. My reaction went from a boiling liquid, to a boiling syrupy bubbling consistency, and then eventually the boiling and bubbles decreased to almost nothing. I figured this was the correct stop-point as I assumed that if I turned the heating mantle up any higher the reaction mix would start violently bumping rather than boiling. Any thoughts? My yield was around 85ml but I had estimated being able to get around 110ml of acid solution. I just played it safe since this was my first time doing this reaction and your warning about the hot sulfates making a mess and cracking glassware had me being cautious
In case anyone wants to know, I titrated the nitric acid that was more dilute and I got 58% nitric acid. Adjusting for innacuracies I'd say about 53-55%.
1-you can use vacuum hood instead of boiling Nitric acid to purify it. 2-you can get benefit for the nitrogen oxide in HNO3 by freezing the whole solution to force nitrogen oxide to combine with the diluted water and give HNO3 molecules. 3- you can use also H2O2 to dilute HNO3, this would increase the yield and form more HNO3 molecules.
This has been the most helpful nitric acid video... I've done it several times now and I can see why you find it boring. You have to watch over it, especially near the end. It's still new to me so I enjoy the entire process. I pour the sodium out while it's still a syrup to save to use and bypass the cleaning aggrivation. Thanks Doug
The only stump remover of 100% potassium nitrate that I'm aware of is Gordon's. The others are copper sulfate. Here it's $6.99 for a 1 pound bottle at Lowes, Rural King, and possibly Wal-Mart. If it's controlled in NJ then you might be able to get it on eBay. I've been making my own with ammonia nitrate (from Dudadeisel) and Potassium Chloride (No-Salt). I believe NileRed and NurdRage have videos for this, it's really quick and easy.
You should connect tubing from the vacuum adaptor into a beaker of sodium hydroxide solution. This would act as an acid scrubber. You could also just use water instead, the NOx gas would dissolve to form very dilute nitric acid.
I thought of this same thing watching a Cody's lab video, I wondered why he didn't bubble the escaping gas through more water. I think now, maybe it's the law of diminishing returns. That being said, if you know you're going to always be making batches from time to time, you could collect a rather large amount of dilute nitric acid this way, and eventually you could add it to your distillation and recover it. But wouldn't that distillation also produce its own gas you'd have to bubble through water? Yeah, at some point you've got to cut your losses.
Your videos are great, both they look good, and have great content. Just 30 seconds of intro is too much man. 10second max, 5 sec even better. Keep up the good work though.
It's to show you what he is doing, and why. It's not a good idea to do chemistry without at least knowing something about the reaction you are performing.
Y'all are gay sorry your attention span is so short you couldn't possibly learn something without someone making a video for you to watch hey Doug if you ever get the time again make some more videos I enjoy em mabey do a etard reaction video 👍
Had two ideas for trying to avoid the chance of foamover creating a mess: running the initial reaction of sulphuric and kno3 with the boiling flask in an ice bath before moving to boiling off the first run of distillate. Or, just running the whole reaction on a smaller scale. Or I could just do as ordered and mix my reagents extra slowly.
So here's a question: can you add hydrogen peroxide to the solution to be distilled to scavenge any nitrogen dioxide formed and convert it back into nitric acid before it escapes?
Hi Doug, great video. Can you speak to the type of containers you use to store nitric acid? Is it necessary to go out and buy PTFE/Teflon containers or is any borosilicate glass container ok with a screw top lid?
not a chemist just love this stuff but from watching cody,s lab i thought you could not dissolve copper in pure (68%) nitric as it coated the copper and prevented further reaction , did you add water to your jar ?
@@benjaminlarson6168 You can do the nitric acid synthesis without extra water, which yields close to 100% nitric acid. There are probably other ways I do not know of.
try filling the condensers from the bottom up and out the top.. There is no reason to overheat the reactions. Hard boils and potential hot spots in chinese-made mantles can and have fractured equally inexpensive chinese glassware. They use the minimal wall thickness they can and the ground glass fittings i.e., 24/40 are often only 24/29. A L of hot nitric acid all over your workplace generally requires evacuation.
Gooferking Science Yeah, those Nikons are great cameras. Mine is not a DSLR, just a glorified superzoom. I use a Panasonic DMC-FZ200 and a Casio Exilim EX100. Depends on the application. I film in 1920x1080 at 60fps with the panasonic or 30fps with the Casio.
This bubbling air through nitric acid, to remove oxides is like you make WFNA from RFNA. That is done by vacuum distilation, but i found that you can add 1 drop of concentrated hydrogen peroxide per much higher volume(like500mL) of RFNA and you get WFNA. Much easier, faster, safer and cheaper method than distilation :D
Cool, thanks for the video learned a lot looking forward to o-chem in college. btw random story everyone had a friend who spilt 6 molar hcl on his arm then proceeded to run his burning arm over a lit bunsen burner on accident! you think you're accident prone think again!
With your fume hood that is just going out side or are you pushing it through some kind of carbon filter? And great vids yes lab envy oh lots of lab envy......thanks again. My interest is the aqua rega
Doug, I have just revisited this excellent video, and given its age, I am not sure if you will ever see my question. Instead of spargeing the nitric acid with air, could you pipette a hydrogen peroxide solution into the NO2 rich solution to mop up the excess nitrogen dioxide? I appreciate this might change the concentration of the acid - ever so slightly - but for many purposes that wouldn't matter. I am just thinking about extracting every drop of HNO3 from the procedure...
hey Doug, can I use a propane range to make nitric acid as I don't have a hot plate that is capable of getting hot enough to boil sulfuric acid. It did work worked for the sulfuric but I am wondering about the nitric? thanks brother. keep the knowledgeable videos coming please. I will be supporting your channel very soon!
Probably he determined it by density. Titrating that concentration of HNO3 involves repeated dilutions, which causes errors to build up, and it also does waste some valuable nitric acid. Density is much more accurate, if you have a volumetric flask, an analytical scale and you know the temperature. You can determine it with an error of less than 0,0125% if your volumetric flask and your scale are good (and you also do the procedure correctly)
Do you grease the joints for this? I herd the if you are miking 98% you can't use grease but i didn't know if i could use it or not on 68% like you are making.
Doug is making 68% stuff in this video. As for the grease, it depends. I used a random grease I found (probably vaseline) and it partially oxidized though the acid haven't got through nor the grease contaminated the product. For fuming nitric acid, no grease, sulfuric acid or Teflon sleeves are preferable of course.
I don't understand the need for the addition of water. The sufuric acid when mixed with the potassium nitrate will act as a dehydrant, so adding water is counter productive. No water= no foam. No water also equals a concentration in the 90% and above range. In one step.
+SMOBY44 Probably to make a bit of a less potent acid. Vaguely less of a safety hazard, maybe? I dunno, I'm not even close to knowledgeable on chemistry.
- Scl.Pr.Tls_ if there isn't any water to form the azeothrope, then only nitric acid will distill over (I would recommend doing that under vacuum and with the lowest possible light because 100% nitric acid has a pretty high tendency to decompose, producing water which will be really difficult if not impossible to separate from the rest of the acid. I would also recommend using oleum (with a low concentration of sulphuric anhydride, maybe 5% instead of 30%, because SO3 can sublime under vacuum and codistill with the HNO3).
SMOBY44 well, there’s a couple reasons for adding water to the reaction mixture... 1) you will end up with either red or white fuming HNO3 if you don’t add water. Yes, that does mean more molecules of HNO3 in a given volume, but making fuming nitric acid can be ridiculously wasteful (I know because I have made fuming nitric acid a couple times before, and each batch (starting with about 500mL of a kno3+h2so4 reaction mixture)yielded only about 15 to 20 milliliters of HNO3. Dilution of fuming HNO3 is also VERY exothermic, and it spews out a LOT of nitrogen dioxide in the process, which causes a significant loss of product that took you all day to make only a tablespoon of. 2) fuming HNO3 is usually too strong for most practical purposes, because it reacts too aggressively with most things that you would want to nitrate. That’s why most chemistry labs only stock 68% HNO3. Liquid fuel and hybrid rocketry is the only application that I can think of that requires such a “squirly” form of HNO3 to work reliably.
Not a chemist :) i read something about ozone reacting with air n2 mostly ? forming nitrous oxide n20 then bubbling it thru water will form nitric acid (weak) author was skimming over this because his point was that insuring no n2 reaction prior to bubbles 100% ozone ( i guess mixed with o2) ozone is amazing at at oxidizing water or whatever but i digress. could nitrous oxide be made to bubble thru perhaps at some pressure in 68% nitric acid to form nitric acid withing that 32% water of the solution or is there better (maybe free ways) I consider ozone free ish
The nitrogen oxides (valence +4) constitute a waste of product, pollution, and corrosion of things in the hood. Can't that be recovered with a small addition of H2O2 (to valence +5)? Would adding H2O2 to the boiling flask prevent this from being made in the first place?
@@NerdyNEET Does this recover the NO2 or just "get rid of it"? The NO2 represents lost acid! If you bubble through water, half goes to acid, half is lost as NO. If you add oxygen, the NO converts to NO2 which has another chance to make acid. Another video explains putting H2O2 in the water increases the HNO3 conversion (by eliminating the NO loss?)
Is there any acid production process that wouldn't involve other acids to begin with? Because so far it seems to be a vicious circle: to make one acid, you need another acid. To make that acid, you need some other acid -_ - Irreducible complexity much? :q
I didn't use water just 98 conc h2so4 and anhydrous purified kno3, got yellow fuming nitric acid just need to vacuum out all the nitrogen oxides to get wfna
Why does everyone try to get rid of the nitrogen oxide? Isn't that just nitric acid anahydride? Won't it recombine with the water in the acid to make more acid?
I don't really see the point of making dilute nitric acid. I can always add water to concentrated nitric acid and the distillation process is pretty easy although it seems to take forever. Potassium nitrate and sulfuric acid distill over. Screw the water lol
I see you and Nurdrage and Nile Red playing pretty fast and loose with the nitrogen dioxide fumes there. Yes, theres a "fume hood", but doesn't nitrogen dioxide form nitric acid on contact with water? I mean maybe eyeballs can take more acid than I give them credit for, but I'm getting some conflicting safety information.
If you don't feel them burning, then no acid is depositing on them. Nearly undetectable concentrations of nitric acid will make your eyes burn, and also there'll be very little damage if you soon stop the process, wash your eyes and restart it wearing fully sealed goggles. While bad, eyes damage is not permanent if only on the surface.
I have seen it done with ammonium nitrate, so I know it works to some extent, but I am wondering if it is good to use in replacement of sodium nitrate? Great video as usual. thanks in advance!
Tommaso Petrella actually any nitrate salt will work instead of kno3 however i dont recommend ammonium nitrate because it can make ammonia gas which will react with your nitric acid to form ammonium nitrate again
GamesGeeks I have used ammonium nitrate to produce fuming nitric acid many times with no apparent ammonia production. It works just as well as any other nitrate salt :)
Tommaso Petrella Yes, it works, but keep in mind that overheating ammonium sulfate forms the bisulfate and ammonia starting around 200°C. You may end up with some ammonium nitrate dissolved in your final product, which would be removed by the second distillation. The purity of the final product would not really suffer, just the yield, slightly. Try to use an excess of sulfuric acid, and don't forget to adjust for the stoicheometry!
Hi, why not boil off the water and then just allow for the interface and then keep everything in the boiling flask as this should then be the 68% nitric acid ?
I was rewatching the video and was going to comment this, and saw I commented on it 7 months ago. I haven't found that much loss of product yet when I make my nitric acid, I have done both ways. I didn't know if he had some way to make fuming HNO3 if he needed it.
I tried a smaller scale version of this. When I tested the Distilate it seems to have Clorides in it? I say Chlorides because when I test the distillate on Silver, the Silver dissolves but instantly creates a white precipitate?? Any ideas?
You said you didn't like making nitric acid and then at the end of the video you said you enjoyed making this batch of nitric acid wtf lol! But seriously I wish I had the equipment to make HNO3 but I don't. I have a SHIT load of gold plated ultrasound connectors I need to refine but can't find where to get HNO3. Does anyone know how to purchase this?
You don't need to use water. It is better to use only concentrated sulfuric acid because you will get 70%-80% nitric acid even more if you don't add water.
you are so incredibly knowledgeable and well-spoken in your videos, much nicer to listen to than other chemistry YTers who aren't quite as articulate about what they're doing.
Hey man, still think about your videos from time to time, hope you are doing well. You are one of the great OG chemistry channels that very big impact on my life.
I think the bottom equation is missing a 2 before the first reactant (KNO3) to be balanced.
I might be wrong.
Thanks for the videos.
@Cesar Braylon fake btw
Hi Doug, I'm a huge fan. You have great methods, very safe and are very thorough. That is why I would like to see a video on Diethyl either and how you go about storing it and your methods of preventing peroxides. Look forward to your next video.....
HI Doug, I went ahead and gave this reaction a try last night and everything went great! I used sodium nitrate instead of potassium nitrate and did everything on a 1M scale versus your 4M × 2 setup, but I was able to obtain around 85ml of non-azeotropic nitric acid. Once I buy a 24/40 thermometer adapter I'll go ahead and distill this again to bump the concentration up to 68%. I noticed the "foaming" you were talking about as the reaction mixture boiled away and I definitely appreciated the warning about not letting this get out of hand. My reaction went from a boiling liquid, to a boiling syrupy bubbling consistency, and then eventually the boiling and bubbles decreased to almost nothing. I figured this was the correct stop-point as I assumed that if I turned the heating mantle up any higher the reaction mix would start violently bumping rather than boiling. Any thoughts? My yield was around 85ml but I had estimated being able to get around 110ml of acid solution. I just played it safe since this was my first time doing this reaction and your warning about the hot sulfates making a mess and cracking glassware had me being cautious
In case anyone wants to know, I titrated the nitric acid that was more dilute and I got 58% nitric acid. Adjusting for innacuracies I'd say about 53-55%.
1-you can use vacuum hood instead of boiling Nitric acid to purify it.
2-you can get benefit for the nitrogen oxide in HNO3 by freezing the whole solution to force nitrogen oxide to combine with the diluted water and give HNO3 molecules.
3- you can use also H2O2 to dilute HNO3, this would increase the yield and form more HNO3 molecules.
a video on making formaldehyde/formic acid would be a great one as well. great job explaining everything.
Very nice (process and production)!
I'm jealous of your lab.
:-)
Doug love your videos have learned so much from you and them. like your sense of humor and your throughness.
This has been the most helpful nitric acid video... I've done it several times now and I can see why you find it boring. You have to watch over it, especially near the end. It's still new to me so I enjoy the entire process. I pour the sodium out while it's still a syrup to save to use and bypass the cleaning aggrivation. Thanks Doug
how do you get kno3
I get mine from Gordons Stump Remover. dudadiesel sells it for a lower price until you add the shipping.
but I live in NJ .may u pls try to look up kno3 stump removers that are legal in NJ??
The only stump remover of 100% potassium nitrate that I'm aware of is Gordon's. The others are copper sulfate. Here it's $6.99 for a 1 pound bottle at Lowes, Rural King, and possibly Wal-Mart. If it's controlled in NJ then you might be able to get it on eBay. I've been making my own with ammonia nitrate (from Dudadeisel) and Potassium Chloride (No-Salt). I believe NileRed and NurdRage have videos for this, it's really quick and easy.
what is a source for NH4no³.
You should connect tubing from the vacuum adaptor into a beaker of sodium hydroxide solution. This would act as an acid scrubber. You could also just use water instead, the NOx gas would dissolve to form very dilute nitric acid.
I thought of this same thing watching a Cody's lab video, I wondered why he didn't bubble the escaping gas through more water. I think now, maybe it's the law of diminishing returns. That being said, if you know you're going to always be making batches from time to time, you could collect a rather large amount of dilute nitric acid this way, and eventually you could add it to your distillation and recover it. But wouldn't that distillation also produce its own gas you'd have to bubble through water? Yeah, at some point you've got to cut your losses.
this is how mu kitchen looks when I cook schnitzel.
worddunlap Or čevapčič. Google it if you dont know.
@@zanpekosak2383Haha I know both. Croatia have some interesting foods indeed.
My kitchen looks like that when I make guláš (goulash).
imo these are the best chemistry videos on youtube
congrats doug from 7 years ago, you made the most insane looking distillation aparatus i've ever seen!
Your videos are great, both they look good, and have great content. Just 30 seconds of intro is too much man. 10second max, 5 sec even better. Keep up the good work though.
was going to say the same. 30 sec intro is way to long
Ali Moeeny
I agree, but I kind of really like the intro
It's to show you what he is doing, and why. It's not a good idea to do chemistry without at least knowing something about the reaction you are performing.
@@MichaelSmith-hh6ox he's talking about the "watch doug fucking enter a journey to idfk" section
Y'all are gay sorry your attention span is so short you couldn't possibly learn something without someone making a video for you to watch hey Doug if you ever get the time again make some more videos I enjoy em mabey do a etard reaction video 👍
i know this video is old,but i still watch it when i have a question or two about distilling nitric. thanks again!
Had two ideas for trying to avoid the chance of foamover creating a mess: running the initial reaction of sulphuric and kno3 with the boiling flask in an ice bath before moving to boiling off the first run of distillate. Or, just running the whole reaction on a smaller scale. Or I could just do as ordered and mix my reagents extra slowly.
Nice video, I love chemistry I want to have a lab like yours one day 😀.
Same here
So here's a question: can you add hydrogen peroxide to the solution to be distilled to scavenge any nitrogen dioxide formed and convert it back into nitric acid before it escapes?
potassium sulfates are good for fertilizer purposes
I love your channel that I just discoverd! I'm a computer programmer but want to build a home lab and play with Science.
better go do that chemistry
Hi Doug, great video. Can you speak to the type of containers you use to store nitric acid? Is it necessary to go out and buy PTFE/Teflon containers or is any borosilicate glass container ok with a screw top lid?
At around 10:14, did you mean "potassium bisulfate" instead of "sodium bisulfate"? Thanks for the awesome videos!
not a chemist just love this stuff but from watching cody,s lab i thought you could not dissolve copper in pure (68%) nitric as it coated the copper and prevented further reaction , did you add water to your jar ?
I guess you´re talking about fuming nitric acid here (about 100%), azeotropic nitric acid (68%) does pretty well in dissolving copper :)
zeue hcucu Exactly.
Juan Lopes yes, it is possible. Reply if you want the description of the process.
Can you extract the water from already azeotropic acid? perhaps adding a hydroscopic nitrate salt?
@@benjaminlarson6168 You can do the nitric acid synthesis without extra water, which yields close to 100% nitric acid. There are probably other ways I do not know of.
try filling the condensers from the bottom up and out the top.. There is no reason to overheat the reactions. Hard boils and potential hot spots in chinese-made mantles can and have fractured equally inexpensive chinese glassware. They use the minimal wall thickness they can and the ground glass fittings i.e., 24/40 are often only 24/29. A L of hot nitric acid all over your workplace generally requires evacuation.
Great video as usual! What camera do you use? It looks really nice. I use a Nikon D3300 for my videos.
Gooferking Science Yeah, those Nikons are great cameras. Mine is not a DSLR, just a glorified superzoom. I use a Panasonic DMC-FZ200 and a Casio Exilim EX100. Depends on the application. I film in 1920x1080 at 60fps with the panasonic or 30fps with the Casio.
This bubbling air through nitric acid, to remove oxides is like you make WFNA from RFNA. That is done by vacuum distilation, but i found that you can add 1 drop of concentrated hydrogen peroxide per much higher volume(like500mL) of RFNA and you get WFNA. Much easier, faster, safer and cheaper method than distilation :D
I would use the forerun to start the next reaction. And also include the undistilled nitric acid in the next make
Cool, thanks for the video learned a lot looking forward to o-chem in college. btw random story everyone had a friend who spilt 6 molar hcl on his arm then proceeded to run his burning arm over a lit bunsen burner on accident! you think you're accident prone think again!
he wasted the sulphate down the drain cause "it's cheap" lmao
Couldnt you have fed the Nitrous Gases for example at 12:42 into Water to form more Nitric acid?
Yes, he could. You can pump the gases through an aerator like those used in aquariums inside water and get more nitric acid.
Or literally anywhere but an open vacuum outlet, Jesus my lungs hurt just watching that.
@@Druicidal Yea also wondering that he just stands in front of those brown gases without any issue.
With your fume hood that is just going out side or are you pushing it through some kind of carbon filter? And great vids yes lab envy oh lots of lab envy......thanks again. My interest is the aqua rega
Looks like you didnt run out of nitric for 5 years
Come back pls :(
Doug, I have just revisited this excellent video, and given its age, I am not sure if you will ever see my question. Instead of spargeing the nitric acid with air, could you pipette a hydrogen peroxide solution into the NO2 rich solution to mop up the excess nitrogen dioxide? I appreciate this might change the concentration of the acid - ever so slightly - but for many purposes that wouldn't matter. I am just thinking about extracting every drop of HNO3 from the procedure...
hey Doug, can I use a propane range to make nitric acid as I don't have a hot plate that is capable of getting hot enough to boil sulfuric acid. It did work worked for the sulfuric but I am wondering about the nitric? thanks brother. keep the knowledgeable videos coming please. I will be supporting your channel very soon!
Did you determine the molarity of any of your HNO3 solutions by titration?
Probably he determined it by density. Titrating that concentration of HNO3 involves repeated dilutions, which causes errors to build up, and it also does waste some valuable nitric acid. Density is much more accurate, if you have a volumetric flask, an analytical scale and you know the temperature. You can determine it with an error of less than 0,0125% if your volumetric flask and your scale are good (and you also do the procedure correctly)
great set up my friend
That is one beast of an apparatus.
It would be cool if you could condense some nitrogen dioxide too!
So you are just using fertilizer and drain cleaner?
What a set-up...I second E&F...(-TVC)
Do you grease the joints for this? I herd the if you are miking 98% you can't use grease but i didn't know if i could use it or not on 68% like you are making.
Doug is making 68% stuff in this video. As for the grease, it depends. I used a random grease I found (probably vaseline) and it partially oxidized though the acid haven't got through nor the grease contaminated the product. For fuming nitric acid, no grease, sulfuric acid or Teflon sleeves are preferable of course.
hello.could I uses 85% sulphuric acid.thats all I get in my country. would you think that be ok to use.love tour channnel
Just saw this in my recommended feed, and almost gasped because a new vid from Doug dropped. The disappointment is bitter😔
I don't understand the need for the addition of water. The sufuric acid when mixed with the potassium nitrate will act as a dehydrant, so adding water is counter productive. No water= no foam. No water also equals a concentration in the 90% and above range. In one step.
+SMOBY44 Probably to make a bit of a less potent acid. Vaguely less of a safety hazard, maybe? I dunno, I'm not even close to knowledgeable on chemistry.
- Scl.Pr.Tls_ if there isn't any water to form the azeothrope, then only nitric acid will distill over (I would recommend doing that under vacuum and with the lowest possible light because 100% nitric acid has a pretty high tendency to decompose, producing water which will be really difficult if not impossible to separate from the rest of the acid. I would also recommend using oleum (with a low concentration of sulphuric anhydride, maybe 5% instead of 30%, because SO3 can sublime under vacuum and codistill with the HNO3).
SMOBY44 well, there’s a couple reasons for adding water to the reaction mixture...
1) you will end up with either red or white fuming HNO3 if you don’t add water. Yes, that does mean more molecules of HNO3 in a given volume, but making fuming nitric acid can be ridiculously wasteful (I know because I have made fuming nitric acid a couple times before, and each batch (starting with about 500mL of a kno3+h2so4 reaction mixture)yielded only about 15 to 20 milliliters of HNO3. Dilution of fuming HNO3 is also VERY exothermic, and it spews out a LOT of nitrogen dioxide in the process, which causes a significant loss of product that took you all day to make only a tablespoon of.
2) fuming HNO3 is usually too strong for most practical purposes, because it reacts too aggressively with most things that you would want to nitrate. That’s why most chemistry labs only stock 68% HNO3. Liquid fuel and hybrid rocketry is the only application that I can think of that requires such a “squirly” form of HNO3 to work reliably.
Some hno3 inevitably gets trapped in the sulfate
Passivation at the end... MWHAHAHAHAHAAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHHAAHAHHAAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHHAHAAHHAHASHAGAGAHAHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAA AAA
This was a great channel and unfortunately its inactive
Hey, you had mistaken at KNO3 + H2SO4 = K2S04 + 2HNO3
Change to 2KN03 + H2S04 = K2SO4 + 2HNO3
with the best regards from Russia
Why did you return to KNO3 as the nitrate source, from your previous use of Ca(NO3)2?
Why didn't you make a fractional distillation for this?
Add H2O2 to the acid to convert the dissolved NO2 to more nitric acid.
What will happen if you add molecular sieves to the 68% nitric acid? Will it make it more pure or will the sieves absorb nitric acid too?
Not a chemist :) i read something about ozone reacting with air n2 mostly ? forming nitrous oxide n20 then bubbling it thru water will form nitric acid (weak) author was skimming over this because his point was that insuring no n2 reaction prior to bubbles 100% ozone ( i guess mixed with o2) ozone is amazing at at oxidizing water or whatever but i digress. could nitrous oxide be made to bubble thru perhaps at some pressure in 68% nitric acid to form nitric acid withing that 32% water of the solution or is there better (maybe free ways) I consider ozone free ish
@@luclalonde6931 Nitrous Oxide does not form nitric acid when hydrolyzed. Nitrogen dioxide does form nitric acid when hydrolyzed.
The warning at 7:00 happened to me. Sulfuric acid exploded everywhere. Wish I'd watched this video before!
The nitrogen oxides (valence +4) constitute a waste of product, pollution, and corrosion of things in the hood. Can't that be recovered with a small addition of H2O2 (to valence +5)? Would adding H2O2 to the boiling flask prevent this from being made in the first place?
@@NerdyNEET Does this recover the NO2 or just "get rid of it"? The NO2 represents lost acid! If you bubble through water, half goes to acid, half is lost as NO. If you add oxygen, the NO converts to NO2 which has another chance to make acid. Another video explains putting H2O2 in the water increases the HNO3 conversion (by eliminating the NO loss?)
Wouldn't you increase the yield slightly if you bubbled the Oxides through some peroxide to produce even more acid?
Why are you not using Calcium Nitrate? On your other channel you go through why calcium nitrate is so much better.
prob cuz of the calcium sulfate precipatation that is basically impossilbe to remove from the boiling flask
Is there any acid production process that wouldn't involve other acids to begin with?
Because so far it seems to be a vicious circle: to make one acid, you need another acid. To make that acid, you need some other acid -_ - Irreducible complexity much? :q
Thanks for sharing
I didn't use water just 98 conc h2so4 and anhydrous purified kno3, got yellow fuming nitric acid just need to vacuum out all the nitrogen oxides to get wfna
Fabulous. Thank you.
I use DI ice for my water. Then I can just dump the H2SO4 in and not worry about boiling.
Is there a reason you specifically use tap water instead of just purified or distilled water?
Why does everyone try to get rid of the nitrogen oxide? Isn't that just nitric acid anahydride? Won't it recombine with the water in the acid to make more acid?
I don't really see the point of making dilute nitric acid. I can always add water to concentrated nitric acid and the distillation process is pretty easy although it seems to take forever. Potassium nitrate and sulfuric acid distill over. Screw the water lol
Is 94% H2SO4 considered 'concentrated' enough? Found a drain cleaner that is only 6% water, so it should be high-molar.
Yeah, that's good enough
hey so that may be stupid, but i'm willing to make this reaction myself, but when i equilibrated it, i got 2 KNO3+H2SO4, and not just KNO3+H2SO4
0:01 it seems a breaking bad scene
I see you and Nurdrage and Nile Red playing pretty fast and loose with the nitrogen dioxide fumes there. Yes, theres a "fume hood", but doesn't nitrogen dioxide form nitric acid on contact with water? I mean maybe eyeballs can take more acid than I give them credit for, but I'm getting some conflicting safety information.
If you don't feel them burning, then no acid is depositing on them. Nearly undetectable concentrations of nitric acid will make your eyes burn, and also there'll be very little damage if you soon stop the process, wash your eyes and restart it wearing fully sealed goggles. While bad, eyes damage is not permanent if only on the surface.
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wait aren't you proposing a 1:1 molar ratio which should be roughly 100g kno3 and 100mL h2so4?
ah it has a higher density than water
Man you have 2 heating mantles Sick.
Hi! tel me how is named your intro song
Does nitric acid decompose over time if it is stored?
I have a lot of sulfuric but not a lot of nitric so what kind of fertiliser can I use for this or is there a cheaper way ?
Does the KNO3 need to be recrystallized first?
"slowly poors In stump remover" Hey that's not 100% potassium nitrate!
I have seen it done with ammonium nitrate, so I know it works to some extent, but I am wondering if it is good to use in replacement of sodium nitrate?
Great video as usual. thanks in advance!
Tommaso Petrella
actually any nitrate salt will work instead of kno3
however i dont recommend ammonium nitrate because it can make ammonia gas which will react with your nitric acid to form ammonium nitrate again
GamesGeeks I have used ammonium nitrate to produce fuming nitric acid many times with no apparent ammonia production. It works just as well as any other nitrate salt :)
theChaotiChemist yeb i heard that some people did it
and it worked for them however i still think it would be better to use another nitrate salt :)
Thanks for the info, much appreciated.
Tommaso Petrella Yes, it works, but keep in mind that overheating ammonium sulfate forms the bisulfate and ammonia starting around 200°C. You may end up with some ammonium nitrate dissolved in your final product, which would be removed by the second distillation. The purity of the final product would not really suffer, just the yield, slightly. Try to use an excess of sulfuric acid, and don't forget to adjust for the stoicheometry!
DO YOU WORK AS A CHEMIST DURING THE DAY ?
Hi, why not boil off the water and then just allow for the interface and then keep everything in the boiling flask as this should then be the 68% nitric acid ?
There would be impurities carried over in the first distillation. But it can be done this way, yes.
Have you tried using a heavy oil as an anti foam agent in the reaction chamber, or would that oxidize in the N0x?
1+1=2=2-5=-3+54=53=NOx=43
It won’t work
Why not make fuming nitric acid and then if you want 68% you can always add water to some if you need it?
loss of product
I was rewatching the video and was going to comment this, and saw I commented on it 7 months ago.
I haven't found that much loss of product yet when I make my nitric acid, I have done both ways. I didn't know if he had some way to make fuming HNO3 if he needed it.
Can you make a video with the following method:
urea carbamide + sodium hydroxide = ammonia.
Ammonia + glowing copper / platina = NOx
Is it doable?
these videos have gotten me into wanting to do chemistry, but i'm not sure if ill be able to ;-;
perfectly poached penguin if you're passionate and have money you can do it =p also some experience to be safe.
A handy process but I'm not sure I would call swapping anions a synthesis.
I tried a smaller scale version of this. When I tested the Distilate it seems to have Clorides in it? I say Chlorides because when I test the distillate on Silver, the Silver dissolves but instantly creates a white precipitate??
Any ideas?
Hmmm, I was always taught that wearing gloves when handling HNO3 was a 'no-go'?
only with the fuming stuff.
Please make a video on functional group tests
Good job
30 sec intro, better be worth it
could you use H2O2 for NO gas Capture NHO3+H2O
Did you put boiling chips in the flasks?
Asked before I watched the whole thing☺️☺️☺️
You should be using 0.2-0.4% urea as an intermediate.
eu não entendo a língua engles teria como o senho colocar uma legenda para que eu possa traduzir o que o senhor fala. ?
You said you didn't like making nitric acid and then at the end of the video you said you enjoyed making this batch of nitric acid wtf lol! But seriously I wish I had the equipment to make HNO3 but I don't. I have a SHIT load of gold plated ultrasound connectors I need to refine but can't find where to get HNO3. Does anyone know how to purchase this?
Subbed for this.
you call a small fan a good fume hood?
Do you still make videos?
Can you think of anything that could substitute Nitric Acid?
N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide is similar but a better nitrating agent, but decays fast
Why use tap water instead of distilled?
You don't need to use water. It is better to use only concentrated sulfuric acid because you will get 70%-80% nitric acid even more if you don't add water.
do a tour of your lab!!!!
your title isn't descriptive enough to get you nearly as many hits as your video deserves but nice vid