Another key to Luther's success was the handy invention of the printing press at a very convenient time for him (1440, just enough time for it to become commonplace by the 1500s) to spread his works like wildfire across Germany--something Hus and Wycliffe did not have access to. It's a key reason for the Reformation to have happened exactly when it did.
Good job! my favorite subject in seminary was church history. I would have been nice if you would have included Jerome of Prague, who translated the writings of Wycliffe to Czech and was martyred trying to defend Hus, thanks.
Thank you for this very watchable thumbnail on the lives of Wycliffe and Hus. I am just beginning to explore the origins of the Reformation, and your video is the best I viewed so far.
It looks like it's been 4 years since you've made a video but I just wanted to tell you how much my kids and I have enjoyed your videos. They're good history with no spin. Thanks! If you decide to make more, well, we're subscribed and waiting!
The song at the end is a Hussite Battle chorale (Warriors of God). Hussites were know for singing this while marching and there is one case documented where crusaders simply fled when they heard the song.
Note: If you get bored, at the end of all my videos there is a sort of tl;dr or review that is useful if you're just passing by or have a test coming up, etc.
Thank you. This was very informative. Luther read the book of Romans in his Bible - that's what changed! He wasn't heretical. The Catholic church was - selling indulgences, a payment so that the congregant was released from purgatory after death - no such thing is written in the Word of God. Romans 3:28 28 Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by FAITH apart from the deeds of the law. Ephesians 2:8-9 8 For by grace you have been saved through FAITH, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God, 9 NOT of works, lest anyone should boast.
Can you translate this videos in Spanish! So I can share to thousands of catholic believers because there isn't many people teaching this stuff to them.
...Yeah! I've read somewhere that it was actually John Of Gaunt who was the most powerful or one of the most powerful supporters of Wycliff - IS IT TRUE? ... PS. I was born in a Catholic Family but the history of the Reformation always fascinated me.
Yes, John of Gaunt, one of the sons of King Edward III, protected Wycliffe from persecution by the Catholic hierarchy. John's son Henry later usurped the throne and became King Henry IV. Ironically another (illegitimate) son of John, also named Henry became Cardinal Henry Beaufort and led one of the failed crusades against the Hussites.
Could you disclose where you are getting your information from? I understand a lot of documentation from these times are rarely told correctly. The sources you use are incredibly important. Thanks!
Martin Luther is related to me by a common ancestry. Non-Royal and common ancestry. Most likely a German relative. mytrueancestryDNA. I am 3% solid German. Here is the Royal part: Orsini family are related to me also and some were Popes of the Catholic Church through my YDNA Royal Savoy dynasty family tree. ALSO, I am related to King James Stuart (Royal connection) connected to the Bible in use today. Martin Luther's DNA marker (I2a1a2b).
The lands of the Czech crown were not controlled by the Germans, on the contrary, the Czech king was the king of the Germans (the Germans as a nation did not come into existence until after the Napoleonic wars, until then Germany was a region and the Czechs were also considered Germans in this sense). The Czech lands consisted of Prague, Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia (this is still the case) and possibly other countries.
God bless the true Christian heroes of real tolerance and true free thinking that stood up to popish vanity and catholic greed. Proud ex catholic here that just can't even act like the catholic church never did many evil things.
4:17 saying that the king was German isn’t entirely accurate, “germany” as we know it today wasn’t really a thing until the 19th century. his grandfather was a luxemburg and grandmother from the previous bohemian ruling dynasty and his father moved the capitol of the holy roman empire to Prague and it stayed there during wenceslaus’ reign, so it would be more accurate to say that the holy roman empire or “germany” was bohemian rather than the bohemian king was german
Calvin really was not a reformer. He was 8 years old when Luther nailed his Theses to the door and began the struggle with the Popes/Vatican. If the Reformation had been left to Calvin it would have never happened. It took a man of Luther's character to spark the fight and continue. Calvin, forget it, he was a late comer who piggybacked after the work of the real Reformers made it safe for him to operate.
Calvin simply copied Augustine (a saint of the catholic church) ironically..that is where total depravity came from (original sin) that the Catholics taught based on infant lustration that was implemented from a pagan system previously in Rome. It isn't Biblical. Calvin simply twisted scripture to try to make it work. Read the Bible as a whole.
There were also many before Wycliff/Hus. Even in the 9th century was Claudius of Turin, Ratromnus and Gottachalk of Orbais. And 10th-12th century Barebgar of Tours, Peter of Bruys and Peter Waldo. Porto-Protestant beliefs are the original Christian beliefs. It’s the RCC that separated.
As to Wycliffe, the video has a mix of history and pseudo-history. While Wycliffe did translate the Bible into English, he was far from the first to do so. Just as there were more than 25 German translations of the Bible when Luther was born, most approved by Catholic authorities, there were English translations in part and whole in English that already existed the days of Bede the Venerable, (late 600s to mid 700s) what Wycliffe did was to translate without license and based on his opinion of what the Bible was meant to say over what the literal and previously accepted translation was. The fact is many different Protestants who upheld what a great chrisitan Wycliff was by defying the Church, many sided with the Catholic Church in seeing Wycliff's translation as filled with errors and rejected it leading to the multiplication of the various translations by Protestants, and the English Translations of first the NT then the OT at the Catholic Seminaries in Douay and Rhemes which predate the KJV and other Protestant English versions, as well as being used by the Protestants to check their translation against the available Textus Receptus of Erasmus himself a Catholic cleric who had the approbation of the Catholic Church to translate the Greek and Hebrew. The means and manner of Huss' Execution is grotesque to us today, but sadly was commonly used by the Civil authorities in and after the Middle Ages, as Protestant Princes and clergy used the same tactics if not more, just as vicious in the days before TV and Slasher flicks... But what was missed in the interest of context, is that there were different groups of Hussites who in following Jan Huss went far beyond the whitewashed history in which we paint these "reformers" as great biblical scholars, who raised their voices against Catholic errors. Let's not forget that his followers, led by other priests who like himself had left the priesthood and gathered the peasants to reject the Church had been involved in expelling priests from churches, and gathered what were described violent mobs in doing so. Corruption and sin are the constant battle, be they public or occult. I find it almost as criminal to mention the state of the Catholic Clergy which Huss rightly addressed in his grievances, while ignoring the reformers within the Catholic Church who were working, sometimes with little support at first. Two hundred years earlier Francis of Assisi as part of his work encouraged the reformation of the clergy, and he was not the only voice in that crusade against immorality. There is also a difficulty when it comes to Hagiographies written by both sides. When someone of the stature of Huss, or choose any Catholic who battled Protestantism are written, we see the supporters almost always giving us a picture of someone who is without blame, pure in spirit and deed, humble and having a full and total devotion to God. They counter with the attacks both honest, excessive and fictional in which we see the end result among some that would make Q-Anon conspiracists blush. An example would be some of the paranoid teachings my SDA neighbors have that Jesuits spy on SDA congregants and have a plan to one day martyr their membership by slitting their throats with specially designed knives. There are also the claims that the Jesuits duped Mohommed into founding Islam by having a nun seduce him and giving him the Koran, which the Jesuits really wrote or influenced. (How this happened almost 700 years before the lifetime of Loyola and founding of the Jesuits is still a bit fuzzy) So I think a total acceptance of all what are presented as firsthand accounts and hagiographies is a bit naive if not outright dangerous. As a Post Script, there were three claimants to the Papacy in the time covered in the video, only one could be authentic. Even today, there are those who claim that Benedict XVI is still Pope, and in the U.S. there is a man calling himself Pope Michael, in Montana there was a former Franciscan Friar who passed away a few years ago, an can be numbered among some half dozen men claiming to be the True Pope Pius XIII. There are other fables presented as truth here, but this epistle is already a bit to long for most today.
Medieval Bohemia was not ruled by german king. In 15th century kingdom of Bohemia was part of holy roman empire and had their own king. Our king Wenceslavus IV was king od Bohemia And holy roman emperor. After his death his brother Sigismund became king and emperor. Technicali Germany had czech king.
@@petrurban2381 Little correction - Wenceslaus IV nebver became Holy Roman Emperor but "only" the King of the Romans. Funny that the only thing he would have to do to become Holy Roman Emperor would be a visit of Rome for coronation - but he did not care and in result of his indifference he lost also his Roman throne in 1400...
There are so many inaccuracies in your story about Jan Hus. It’s misleading to say that the Bohemian Kingdom was ruled by a German king. Wenceslas IV was the King of Bohemia as well as a ruler within the Holy Roman Empire. He lived in Prague for most of his life, spoke Czech besides other languages. The claim that Germans were thrown out of the windows, that’s also misleading. The motivation wasn’t about nationality or language-it was about religion. Framing the entire period as a clash between Germans and Czechs doesn’t make sense in the historical context. First of all, the concept of nationalities is a modern one, such identities didn’t exist in the Middle Ages. Secondly, this wasn’t a "Czech revolution" or anything like what you’re implying. Czech speakers were already part of the establishment and held significant power.
Don't forget too that the catholic church's first victims are catholics. They get trapped into this gigantic scheme of basically treated like a God or heroic Roman emperor all the time. Of course the popes are gonna play along when they are revered as nearly perfect saints, get royal treatment, huge luxury living, and supported by over a billion people. Like other corrupt groups such as gang youth, can't just work against them. Gotta work together. Not just fight fire with fire.
The definition of Heaven the English are the police,,,the French are the cooks... and the Germans are the teachers,,,The definition of Hell,,, The English are the cooks,,, The French are the teachers,,, The Germans are the police,,, Don't you want to go to heaven....
"Wycliffe is the first main advocate for a vernacular bible, one that people can read" In this his time yes, but there were others before him like Peter Waldo who commissioned a translation of the bible into his own Franco-Provençal language around 200 years before Wycliffe and ended up with a lot of the same teachings from the bible and was also declared a heretic. Of course Waldo is not the first to translate the bible into common language but there seems to be a real head scratcher break in practice with the medieval roman church wheras earlier christians had made it their goal to get the bible translated into different languages. Cyril and Methodius translated the bible into slavic around 870 There is also Jerome who in around 400ad translated the bible from greek and hebrew into the latin vulgate which literally means the vulgar (common) tongue since greek (which the new testament was written in) was falling out of style in the west. And of course before that we have the disciple's of Jesus using the common greek which was commonly legible throughout the roman empire rather than insisting on the deeply cherished languages of Aramaic and especially Hebrew. They prioritized the message over the language. The Roman church had radically changed(though not all at once) by the time wycliffe came to the scene, there should have been no need for wycliffe's translation because common folk should already have had access to the scriptures in their language, "if you love me, feed my sheep!"
Since Hussite era through communistic propaganda people from Czech were always told Zikmund betrayed. But that´s really not the case. Safe conduit was a secular deal, it excluded anything that happened from the Church side (2 powers, 2 laws). Also there is evidence Zikmund asked Church to be forgivefull to Hus, he really tried to help him but Hus was adamant. That concil did not want to bother with him too much (Pope schism was on the program) but Hus believed in the End of the world (like many people in those times), he came there ready to die and did not want to call off a single word. So they burned him and the second part of "safe conduit" from Zikmund could not be finished. No betrayal, just the Church crossing the plans. But the whole lands of Czech Crown were convinced that Zikmund was the one to blame together with the Church...
Another key to Luther's success was the handy invention of the printing press at a very convenient time for him (1440, just enough time for it to become commonplace by the 1500s) to spread his works like wildfire across Germany--something Hus and Wycliffe did not have access to.
It's a key reason for the Reformation to have happened exactly when it did.
Please make more videos i really like youre channel
Thank you. I have to remind all my Lutheran friends that the Hussites were there first!
Indeed! 🙂
Luther knew, that's enough.
Good job! my favorite subject in seminary was church history. I would have been nice if you would have included Jerome of Prague, who translated the writings of Wycliffe to Czech and was martyred trying to defend Hus, thanks.
Thanks from Czechia long live Hussites first protestants BTW birthplace of Jan Hus is like 50 kilometers from my home town
Jesus bless you!
Thank you for this very watchable thumbnail on the lives of Wycliffe and Hus. I am just beginning to explore the origins of the Reformation, and your video is the best I viewed so far.
It looks like it's been 4 years since you've made a video but I just wanted to tell you how much my kids and I have enjoyed your videos.
They're good history with no spin. Thanks! If you decide to make more, well, we're subscribed and waiting!
Likewise. I attach completely to this comment and I believe you are doing well, whatever journey you have decided to pursue.
The song at the end is a Hussite Battle chorale (Warriors of God). Hussites were know for singing this while marching and there is one case documented where crusaders simply fled when they heard the song.
❤🎉😂
God bless hus! I can't wait to meet him one day in heaven!
Amen
Hey, nice little touch adding Husitte's warsong at the end of the video :P
That was a wonderful video. Informative, but presented in a way that history was made understandable. I love your linking back to Luther. Thank you.
This video is amazing!
Note: If you get bored, at the end of all my videos there is a sort of tl;dr or review that is useful if you're just passing by or have a test coming up, etc.
I think you should talk about Savonarola too
"a BURNING desire for religious reform"
Bruh, that's some tl;dr indeed.
Very helpful. Thank you for helping me with home-school learning!
Very good work
Thank you! This helped clear some things up for me.
Great work 😊
Good video, those who are more interested about Reformation history, Catholicism I highly recommend to read the book named “Great Controversy”.
Amen!!!!
@@kieranodonnell5271 Great book regardless if you're a Seventh-day Adventist or not!
Well done!
Thank you!
EXCELLENT! Very good! Thumb up & subscribed.
Great documentary!!!
You forgotten martyr Gerolamo Savonarola
Excelent channel!!!! I hope you grow larger!
Amen. Good video on Holy Wycliffe and Hus.
Thank you. This was very informative.
Luther read the book of Romans in his Bible - that's what changed! He wasn't heretical. The Catholic church was - selling indulgences, a payment so that the congregant was released from purgatory after death - no such thing is written in the Word of God.
Romans 3:28
28 Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by FAITH apart from the deeds of the law.
Ephesians 2:8-9
8 For by grace you have been saved through FAITH, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God, 9 NOT of works, lest anyone should boast.
Wow I just loved the way you presented .
Can you translate this videos in Spanish! So I can share to thousands of catholic believers because there isn't many people teaching this stuff to them.
Good idea
...Yeah! I've read somewhere that it was actually John Of Gaunt who was the most powerful or one of the most powerful supporters of Wycliff - IS IT TRUE? ...
PS. I was born in a Catholic Family but the history of the Reformation always fascinated me.
Yes, John of Gaunt, one of the sons of King Edward III, protected Wycliffe from persecution by the Catholic hierarchy. John's son Henry later usurped the throne and became King Henry IV. Ironically another (illegitimate) son of John, also named Henry became Cardinal Henry Beaufort and led one of the failed crusades against the Hussites.
Could you disclose where you are getting your information from? I understand a lot of documentation from these times are rarely told correctly. The sources you use are incredibly important. Thanks!
Thank you, very informative!
Martin Luther is related to me by a common ancestry. Non-Royal and common ancestry. Most likely a German relative. mytrueancestryDNA. I am 3% solid German. Here is the Royal part: Orsini family are related to me also and some were Popes of the Catholic Church through my YDNA Royal Savoy dynasty family tree. ALSO, I am related to King James Stuart (Royal connection) connected to the Bible in use today. Martin Luther's DNA marker (I2a1a2b).
The lands of the Czech crown were not controlled by the Germans, on the contrary, the Czech king was the king of the Germans (the Germans as a nation did not come into existence until after the Napoleonic wars, until then Germany was a region and the Czechs were also considered Germans in this sense). The Czech lands consisted of Prague, Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia (this is still the case) and possibly other countries.
i ony subed because 1)i can earn 2) his dang voice is srangeley relaxing
God bless the true Christian heroes of real tolerance and true free thinking that stood up to popish vanity and catholic greed. Proud ex catholic here that just can't even act like the catholic church never did many evil things.
4:17 saying that the king was German isn’t entirely accurate, “germany” as we know it today wasn’t really a thing until the 19th century. his grandfather was a luxemburg and grandmother from the previous bohemian ruling dynasty and his father moved the capitol of the holy roman empire to Prague and it stayed there during wenceslaus’ reign, so it would be more accurate to say that the holy roman empire or “germany” was bohemian rather than the bohemian king was german
Calvin really was not a reformer. He was 8 years old when Luther nailed his Theses to the door and began the struggle with the Popes/Vatican. If the Reformation had been left to Calvin it would have never happened. It took a man of Luther's character to spark the fight and continue. Calvin, forget it, he was a late comer who piggybacked after the work of the real Reformers made it safe for him to operate.
Baltic Hammer Aye
Calvin simply copied Augustine (a saint of the catholic church) ironically..that is where total depravity came from (original sin) that the Catholics taught based on infant lustration that was implemented from a pagan system previously in Rome. It isn't Biblical. Calvin simply twisted scripture to try to make it work. Read the Bible as a whole.
OK, that's the official version.
Now what REALLY happened?
Lollard does sound like Dullard
There were also many before Wycliff/Hus. Even in the 9th century was Claudius of Turin, Ratromnus and Gottachalk of Orbais. And 10th-12th century Barebgar of Tours, Peter of Bruys and Peter Waldo. Porto-Protestant beliefs are the original Christian beliefs. It’s the RCC that separated.
Very good video. In Prague you can still find a Husite church.
byl to čech a navždy zůstane,já jsem jeho potomek,a navždy této zemi zůstanu věrný.
Summary at end of video: "a BURNING desire for religious reform"
Bruh. You didn't just write that.
As to Wycliffe, the video has a mix of history and pseudo-history. While Wycliffe did translate the Bible into English, he was far from the first to do so. Just as there were more than 25 German translations of the Bible when Luther was born, most approved by Catholic authorities, there were English translations in part and whole in English that already existed the days of Bede the Venerable, (late 600s to mid 700s) what Wycliffe did was to translate without license and based on his opinion of what the Bible was meant to say over what the literal and previously accepted translation was. The fact is many different Protestants who upheld what a great chrisitan Wycliff was by defying the Church, many sided with the Catholic Church in seeing Wycliff's translation as filled with errors and rejected it leading to the multiplication of the various translations by Protestants, and the English Translations of first the NT then the OT at the Catholic Seminaries in Douay and Rhemes which predate the KJV and other Protestant English versions, as well as being used by the Protestants to check their translation against the available Textus Receptus of Erasmus himself a Catholic cleric who had the approbation of the Catholic Church to translate the Greek and Hebrew.
The means and manner of Huss' Execution is grotesque to us today, but sadly was commonly used by the Civil authorities in and after the Middle Ages, as Protestant Princes and clergy used the same tactics if not more, just as vicious in the days before TV and Slasher flicks... But what was missed in the interest of context, is that there were different groups of Hussites who in following Jan Huss went far beyond the whitewashed history in which we paint these "reformers" as great biblical scholars, who raised their voices against Catholic errors. Let's not forget that his followers, led by other priests who like himself had left the priesthood and gathered the peasants to reject the Church had been involved in expelling priests from churches, and gathered what were described violent mobs in doing so. Corruption and sin are the constant battle, be they public or occult. I find it almost as criminal to mention the state of the Catholic Clergy which Huss rightly addressed in his grievances, while ignoring the reformers within the Catholic Church who were working, sometimes with little support at first. Two hundred years earlier Francis of Assisi as part of his work encouraged the reformation of the clergy, and he was not the only voice in that crusade against immorality.
There is also a difficulty when it comes to Hagiographies written by both sides. When someone of the stature of Huss, or choose any Catholic who battled Protestantism are written, we see the supporters almost always giving us a picture of someone who is without blame, pure in spirit and deed, humble and having a full and total devotion to God. They counter with the attacks both honest, excessive and fictional in which we see the end result among some that would make Q-Anon conspiracists blush. An example would be some of the paranoid teachings my SDA neighbors have that Jesuits spy on SDA congregants and have a plan to one day martyr their membership by slitting their throats with specially designed knives. There are also the claims that the Jesuits duped Mohommed into founding Islam by having a nun seduce him and giving him the Koran, which the Jesuits really wrote or influenced. (How this happened almost 700 years before the lifetime of Loyola and founding of the Jesuits is still a bit fuzzy) So I think a total acceptance of all what are presented as firsthand accounts and hagiographies is a bit naive if not outright dangerous.
As a Post Script, there were three claimants to the Papacy in the time covered in the video, only one could be authentic. Even today, there are those who claim that Benedict XVI is still Pope, and in the U.S. there is a man calling himself Pope Michael, in Montana there was a former Franciscan Friar who passed away a few years ago, an can be numbered among some half dozen men claiming to be the True Pope Pius XIII. There are other fables presented as truth here, but this epistle is already a bit to long for most today.
Medieval Bohemia was not ruled by german king. In 15th century kingdom of Bohemia was part of holy roman empire and had their own king. Our king Wenceslavus IV was king od Bohemia And holy roman emperor. After his death his brother Sigismund became king and emperor. Technicali Germany had czech king.
I am sorry for mistake Sigismund became emperor before his brother's death.
@@petrurban2381 Little correction - Wenceslaus IV nebver became Holy Roman Emperor but "only" the King of the Romans. Funny that the only thing he would have to do to become Holy Roman Emperor would be a visit of Rome for coronation - but he did not care and in result of his indifference he lost also his Roman throne in 1400...
They burned the goose, but not Luther
Look up Claud of Turin
where is BH ??? and then i say you what this history is wert!!!
Actually Wycliffe was initially angered by the Begging Friars who demanded alms from his impoverished students.
There are so many inaccuracies in your story about Jan Hus. It’s misleading to say that the Bohemian Kingdom was ruled by a German king. Wenceslas IV was the King of Bohemia as well as a ruler within the Holy Roman Empire. He lived in Prague for most of his life, spoke Czech besides other languages.
The claim that Germans were thrown out of the windows, that’s also misleading. The motivation wasn’t about nationality or language-it was about religion. Framing the entire period as a clash between Germans and Czechs doesn’t make sense in the historical context.
First of all, the concept of nationalities is a modern one, such identities didn’t exist in the Middle Ages. Secondly, this wasn’t a "Czech revolution" or anything like what you’re implying. Czech speakers were already part of the establishment and held significant power.
THE REFORMATION CANNOT BE OVER ! [t] : @MRALLINGER
Lollards didn't die off; they lasted right up to the 16th Century when they eventually blended into other protestant faiths.
Luther was 6'8 375lbs
The papacy is not a godly institution. Never has been and never will be. The Bible does foretell the papacy's future demise in Revelation chapter 18.
Don't forget too that the catholic church's first victims are catholics. They get trapped into this gigantic scheme of basically treated like a God or heroic Roman emperor all the time. Of course the popes are gonna play along when they are revered as nearly perfect saints, get royal treatment, huge luxury living, and supported by over a billion people. Like other corrupt groups such as gang youth, can't just work against them. Gotta work together. Not just fight fire with fire.
The definition of Heaven the English are the police,,,the French are the cooks... and the Germans are the teachers,,,The definition of Hell,,, The English are the cooks,,, The French are the teachers,,, The Germans are the police,,, Don't you want to go to heaven....
what?
"Wycliffe is the first main advocate for a vernacular bible, one that people can read"
In this his time yes, but there were others before him like Peter Waldo who commissioned a translation of the bible into his own Franco-Provençal language around 200 years before Wycliffe and ended up with a lot of the same teachings from the bible and was also declared a heretic.
Of course Waldo is not the first to translate the bible into common language but there seems to be a real head scratcher break in practice with the medieval roman church wheras earlier christians had made it their goal to get the bible translated into different languages.
Cyril and Methodius translated the bible into slavic around 870
There is also Jerome who in around 400ad translated the bible from greek and hebrew into the latin vulgate which literally means the vulgar (common) tongue since greek (which the new testament was written in) was falling out of style in the west.
And of course before that we have the disciple's of Jesus using the common greek which was commonly legible throughout the roman empire rather than insisting on the deeply cherished languages of Aramaic and especially Hebrew. They prioritized the message over the language.
The Roman church had radically changed(though not all at once) by the time wycliffe came to the scene, there should have been no need for wycliffe's translation because common folk should already have had access to the scriptures in their language, "if you love me, feed my sheep!"
Good facts and history. poor pronuciation of place names and facile pictures / annimations.. slack expression
Lollards
prayed without ceasing
You have some historical facts wrong
Since Hussite era through communistic propaganda people from Czech were always told Zikmund betrayed. But that´s really not the case. Safe conduit was a secular deal, it excluded anything that happened from the Church side (2 powers, 2 laws). Also there is evidence Zikmund asked Church to be forgivefull to Hus, he really tried to help him but Hus was adamant. That concil did not want to bother with him too much (Pope schism was on the program) but Hus believed in the End of the world (like many people in those times), he came there ready to die and did not want to call off a single word. So they burned him and the second part of "safe conduit" from Zikmund could not be finished. No betrayal, just the Church crossing the plans. But the whole lands of Czech Crown were convinced that Zikmund was the one to blame together with the Church...
He is to blame!
Yeet out the germans
If you get the book called, THE GREAT HOPE, By Ellen G White, then followed by , THE SECRET TERRORISM,
Lollards or mumblers because they memorized sections of the Bible.
What a tacky commentary.
please return