Hi general knoledge, I think a video about the 🇮🇱Israeli-🇵🇸Palestinian situation will be very interesting. I am Israeli and it is interesting me how people outside of the situation see it (from a Portuguese* perspective). Of course the video will be very controversial so just state facts and less say your opinions... I'm sorry if you did such as video and i didn't saw😝. *You are Portuguese, right?
- Hans Island is an island in the Arctic Ocean that was claimed by both Denmark and Canada until last year when it was split 60/40, in Denmark's favor. - The Spratly Islands are a group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea that are claimed by several countries in the region, including China, Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia. - The Falkland Islands are a British Overseas Territory located in the South Atlantic Ocean. They are claimed by Argentina, which calls them the Malvinas Islands, and has historically laid claim to the islands. The dispute over the islands has led to a number of tensions between the UK and Argentina, including a brief war in 1982. - The Golan Heights is a region in the Middle East that is controlled by Israel, but claimed by Syria. Israel captured the Golan Heights from Syria during the Six-Day War in 1967 and subsequently annexed the territory in 1981. The annexation has not been recognized by the international community, and the Golan Heights remains a disputed territory. - Western Sahara is a territory in northwest Africa that is claimed by both Morocco and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). Morocco controls the majority of the territory, while the SADR controls a smaller portion in the east. The conflict over the territory dates back to the 1970s, and a ceasefire has been in place since 1991. - The Western Tien-Shan is a mountain range in Central Asia that is claimed by both Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The border between the two countries in the region is not clearly defined, and there have been ongoing disputes over the sovereignty of the mountain range and other nearby territories. I don't know if territories like Korea, Palestine/Israel, Cyprus, Kurdistan, Moldova, etc. fit the bill.
belgium's exclaims in the netherlands wich is in alot of weird borders videos is one of the ones that is probably acceptable in a video like this one (and if i remember correctly its also not that far from the border of the 2 nations and both countries get along very well at the point you can walk in and out of the coutries a few times while walking for less then an hour or even less then half an hour
One obscure border fact that might interest you is the border between Finland and Sweden. The border primarily runs through a river, and it was agreed in a treaty 1809 that the border would be where the river is at its deepest. Thus, every 25th year the border is being re-evaluated and adjusted according to the topography of the river. This happened last time in 2006.
Very interesting! Is it something they do for fun at this point? It seems like with the great relations they have today this wouldn't be needed anymore
The same is true of the river border between Finland and Norway. It's called the "Thalweg". The river border between Norway and Russia, on the other hand, is the midpoint.
@@General.Knowledge I tried to wright a response to this, but it seems to have been eaten by the void. I assume that RUclips didn't like that I tried to add external links. Anyway, I tried to say that it is a bit more than just for fun, the government takes it serious and the river is thouroughly surveyed. Then the new border is confirmed by both nations parliaments. But noone cares too much about it and at most it becomes a footnote in the newspapers. If I remember correctly, the reason for this arrangement was that back in the day, the river was important for transporting logs from the economically important forestry, and thus both nations needed acces to the deepest part of the river. You can find a bit more on the Wikipedia page about the Swedish-Finnish border (no link this time...). I also tried to link to the 2006 documentation from the "Swedish and Finnish Border Commission", just to show how formal it is done. But it is primarily in Swedish and maybe not too interesting. Another interesting aspect is the so called Sovereignty Islands, which are small islets in the river which are owned by citizens of the other country (i.e. Finnish islets owned by Swedes and Swedish islets owned by Finns). They also had economic value for hay production back in the day, and were thus allowed to remain with their original owners. But in order to make it clear who held sovereignty over the islets, the owners had to pay a small fee to the other nation. The payment succesively ceased, and last fee was payed in 1969. In the 1970s, it was proposed that Sweden and Finland both should forcibly buy all the islets and then make an exchange, but that was not popular and never happened.
@@General.KnowledgeWhat is today 3 Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal and Pakistan Province of Punjab used to be one single Punjab Province in British India before 1947. Punjab was divided into West and East Punjab in 1947. The two largest cities in Punjab at that time were two border cities of Lahore and Amritsar with Lahore being the largest and the capital at that time. West Pakistan( Pakistan part) was awarded Lahore and Lahore become the capital of west Punjab. India not wanting to keep the capital in a border area city like Amritsar decided to make a temporary capital in Shimla, a popular hill city in the hilly region in east Punjab, until the planned city of Chandigarh is finished. Capital was moved to Chandigarh in 1953 when city was formally inaugurated by India's president on 7 October 1953. Later, there was Punjabi Suba movement based on linguistic , geographical and religion reasons which lead to it splitting up. Hilly area along with Shimla was transferred to Himachal in 1966. Himachal was itself a state created by merger of few princely states of Punjab province of British India in India shortly after independence. Meanwhile rest of the East Punjab state was split up into Punjab and Haryana state based on linguistic lines. Newly created city of Chandigarh was in middle and right on border of both states. Both side claimed the city. Matter was brought in court and still not solved 56 years later. Chandigarh works as capital of both states although not being controlled by any one of them. Chandigarh is directly governed by the Central Government as a Union Territory until this issue can be resolved, however, both states are allowed to set up their own offices and administrative buildings.
@@reddragon100 Chandigarh was planned by a famous architect, right? I forgot his name actually, lol. I just remember that I heard about this in TV many years ago. 🖐👴
The most northern part of the border between Germany and The Netherlands is also undefined. It's the part of the border within the mound of the river Ems. Both countries had different claims on the exact route of the border within the estuary. A treaty between the 2 countries to jointly be responsible was signed in 1960 and renewed in 2016. It defines the shared responsibilities when it comes to shipping, fishing, environment. offshore wind parks, etc. within the estuary.
You are right. It used to be well defined, but a flood caused the complete geography to change (Dollard and Ems esturary were completely changed) so nobody could establish the border anymore after that.
Though that not a Condominum. There is no agreement that the Area is shared by both countries simultaneously. Basically the Netherlands and Germany both claim the rightful "owner" of those Area. But there is an angreement on disagreement.
I would heavily discuss three of these. First, Andorra, which I don't think is a condominium, because neither Spain or France exercise sovereignty over it. Second, the one in Bosnia Herzegovina, as it's not an international subject, rather an internal political division. And last, Antarctica, as it's nog exactly a condominium, but, instead, some sort of terra nulius with rules on top. But anyway, nice video :)
An honorable mention must be given to the Oregon Country (modern-day WA, OR, BC, ID, and some of MT), which prior to 1846 was a condominium of the US and UK, and prior to 1818 a condominium of the UK, Spain, and Russia.
I agree with your thoughts about the Guano Islands Act. I didn’t learn about it until I was in college/university when my history professor recommended a book that talked more about it and all the uninhabited islands the US claimed using the act. I don’t remember the name of the book, but I remember talking with him about the Guano Islands Act after reading it and even he thought it was a strange part of US history, too. Great video as always!
Ok, one correction is in place. Lake Constance (Bodensee) is only the third largest lake in "Central and Western Europe", according to Wikipedia (unclear exactly how that area is defined, or why it is relevant). There are a great number of lakes in Europe that are larger, especially in Russia, Finland and Sweden. Myself I live in Sweden, where lake Vänern is the actual third largest natural lake in Europe (and the largest in the EU). Anyway, your videos are always appreciated and interesting!
@@roatskm2337 Well, at least the old core of Stockholm is located at several islands in the outlet of lake Mälaren into the Baltic Sea, yes. It was a very strategic position. And the reason why there are so many lakes in Northern Europe, I believe is due to the cold climate (low evaporation/high percipitation) combined with the glaciation during the ice age creating many low points in the bedrock by grinding it down irregularly. The Baltic Sea was originally a meltwater bassin from the glaciers covering Scandinavia. It has created quite a beautiful landscape! 😊
@@staffan- You are very lucky to have such an amazing and uneven landscape, though it's interesting how sweden is mostly flat (85%) , while Norway is mostly mountainous and filled with hills, I believe once tha lower lands all used to be under water basin and creatures 5-10 million years ago lived only in today's mountain regions, who are gorgeous itself! Thx for the information anyway? 😁😃
My favourite shared territory was the New Hebrides, it was pretty substantial in size, possibly bigger than all the ones here put together (except Antarctica of course). It was a whole territory administered by both UK and France and had government representatives from both countries tried until independence was achieved - from both - in 1980 and is known now as Vanuatu.
Exact en français ces îles franco britanniques s'appelaient Les Nouvelles Hébrides . A la fin du condominium, il y eu même des conflits entre francophones et anglophones ....
This isn't shared territory but a tale of shared administration. The Roosevelt family, which produced two US Presidents, built a "cottage" with many rooms on Campobello Island in Canada. Later, it was gifted with the intent to create a park out of it, and because of the dual countries involved, the US and Canada created the Roosevelt Campobello International Park. The park is run by both US and Canadian rangers and is the only park of dual administration in the USA and (I think) in Canada. It is well worth the visit.
This isn't exactly happening now, but in the past, it was proposed by Peru that the territory of Arica be occupied jointly by Peru, Bolivia, and Chile. It would have probably not worked out at all but very interesting to think about XD Still today though, both Peru and Bolivia have complete access to the port of Arica (for context): Both Peru and Bolivia lost territories (Bolivia their beaches!!) to Chile during the War of the Pacific (1879-1883) Bolivia has wanted the sea back of course lol so in 1976, Peru offered that Chile allows the land to be held by all three of them so that they can make peace and that Bolivia (sorta) gets beaches
Historical condominium was Tangiers (today's Morocco territory). During the franco-spanish partition of Morocco area this city had for a while (30 years +-) a special status and its sovereignty was shared by several countries including the most obvious France and Spain but also the UK (Gibraltar holder and at the time a superpower) and Portugal (neighbour and historical holder of the area) and, more surprisingly, Belgium, The Netherlands and Sweden.
One could make an argument that the tiny Perejil island nearby claimed by both Morocco and Spain but occupied by neither is a Res nullius or belongs to no one like Bir Tawil and Antarctica.
Wow general knowledge this might be my favorite video of yours yet. You're a total inspiration and actually because of seeing your success I've decided to start making videos too! Keep grinding, your hard work clearly pays off!
Technically, the airport of Rimini, Italy is shared between Italy and San Marino. Not the actual territory covering it but the income due to tourists taking the airport mostly to visit San Marino.
Asm knowledgeThank u so much for uploading for us we love u keep it up♡ । The amount of effort you gives for this videos are insane we all love your vdos
Is Andorra a condominium though? Does any French or Spanish government have authority in Andorra, or is it merely that the heads of state happen to also have positions in other countries? Unless the French government and some government in Spain has some legal authority over the laws of Andorra, it can hardly be called a condominium.
Andorra is not a condominium in any imaginable way. It was a condominium under French and Spanish sovereignty in the past. Today it is a principality with two heads of state (a coprincipality) and it is under no sovereignty other than its own. A condominium is by definition a territory that is under the sovereignty of two or more sovereign states. Arguing that Andorra is a condominium based on the fact that one of its heads of state is the head of state of another state is like arguing that the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand are under British sovereignty because their head of state is the same person. That is a grave misunderstanding. Charles III is not king of those territories as king of the United Kingdom, he is king of those territories as king of the United Kingdom, king of Canada, king of Australia, king of New Zealand, in other words, it is the same person occupying different positions in different states. None of those states is under British sovereignty or a condominium of British and Canadian/Australian/New Zealand sovereignty. In the same way, Andorra is not under French sovereignty, Emmanuel Macron is not head of state of Andorra as the president of France, he is head of state of France as its president and he is head of state of Andorra as its coprince, this is, two different positions in two different sovereign states. Andorra is not under French nor Spanish sovereignty or French/Spanish and Andorran sovereignty, it is under Andorran sovereignty alone, it is not a condominium. It is also conceptually incorrect to say that Antarctica is a condominium, simply because the Antarctic Treaty specifically stipulates that the territory of the continent is under the sovereignty of no state and that the claims over it are temporarily "frozen". I know that some sources say that it is a condominium, but it is just wrong, that is not what a condominium is. The Antarctic Treaty just regulates the activity of the signatories within the territory, it does not make them sovereigns over it at the same time. You yourself said it, Antarctica is a de facto condominium, meaning that is not such thing in law, and even the de facto description is wrong because of what I said about the effects of the treaty, which temporarily separates Antarctica from any sovereignty, not put it under the sovereignty of various states, which is what a condominium actually is. The situation of Lake Constance is not a condominium either. One may say that it is a true de facto condominium, since Germany, Austria and Switzerland make use of the territory jointly, but it is certainly not a de jure condominium, since there is no treaty recognizing it as such. This situation is an unsolved territorial dispute. Of course that the opinion of Austria is that of a condominium, but it is not only one opinion among three, but just an opinion that needs to be agreed upon by the three states involved, which has not yet happened. Brčko is indeed a condominium, but it is not an international one. It is a condominium between the Bosnian federation and Srpska. Pheasant Island can be classified as a condominium in a sense, but in the strictest sense it is not, since it is not a territory under simultaneous French and Spanish sovereignty, but a territory that alternates between both sovereignties. The vast majority of sources consider it a condominium though and this may be because, even though it is not a condominium in the strictest sense, the protocol of the island derives from a condominium agreement. The rest of the territories you mentioned, the Gulf of Fonseca (El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua), the waters surrounding Bajo Nuevo Bank (Colombia, Jamaica), the Abyei Area (Sudan, South Sudan), and the Moselle River and the northern tip of the island of Staustufe Apach (Germany, Luxembourg) are true condominia.
Saudi Arabia and Kuwait jointly administer an area along the Persian Gulf coast under a 1969 treaty. Today, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates have an undefined border, making some of the open area between them essentially shared.
Lake Constanze is not the only Place without Borders in Europe. The Landborder between Germany and Denmark is defined and the Islands are distributed between them, but there is no maritime Border. Both Sides decided to not bother with defining them.
I'd like to know about Guiana and how it used to be a joint condominium between the UK, France and the Netherlands, what difficulties ensued and the breakup into three separate portions, one owned by each country.
@@General.Knowledge I would have thought shared territories a thing of the past, so you definitely piqued my interest when you said there are proposed ones! Looking forward to that video!
This is a very interesting video where I learned alot of new things. With most videos I usually know of atleast a few existances of things, but these were all new to me. Thank you!
Shared territory is the historic norm, not the exception. Until late medieval Europe, most borders were not defined. And a large portion of all governments that have ever existed had no defined territory. I.E. The Roman Senate was originally a treaty organization between the Latins but eventually it became a law making body with no definition whether Senate laws trumped city-state law. Many sovereign states in history had no sovereign territory at all.
True, although it was the greek Eastern Roman Empire, commonly called Byzantium, and various arab caliphates like the Umayyad Caliphate, the Abbasid Caliphate and the Fatimid Caliphate, as there is no historical entity called "The Arabic Caliphate".
It is a good concept right? And it shows how peaceful co-existing can take place. Although I think in most of the cases it's possible because they are areas that aren't disputable. If valuable natural resources were abundant in some of them I doubt that it would be the same.
Very proud the The gulf of Fonseca made it into the list As an Honduran I would say in my personal opinion it is more important to us than El Salvador and Nicaragua because it is the only connection to the Pacific Ocean while Nicaragua has a whole border there and El Salvador too. But it is Equally very much necessary for all three to have the Condominium there to make trading easier and quality of life and border issues easier and better
I just imagine that before the modern age, the condominium between powers over territories (as in the case of Andorra) must have been the rule, or at least very very common. Probably, most territories had shared sovereignty by bishops, lords, counts, knights and so on...
That is not correct, it was never common. Those titles held differing prestige, function and obligations, but they all ruled over different areas. Or they were subservient to one another, like a municipality is to a state today. I guess you could think of some of them as being co-rulers, but only in the sense that a municipality is a co-ruler with a province or state in that they rule (parts of) the same land but have different responsibilities. Generally that is different from a condiminium though, which is ruled by two independent sovereign states.
I suppose Brussels is a kind of condominium in a way? The French and Flemish speaking communities in Belgium are their own federal entities and both have jurisdiction over Brussels. In addition to the Brussels region government having jurisdiction.
It would be worth noting that the village of Schengen, the namesake of the European Schengen free travel area, is also located on the Moselle river, at the tripoint of Luxembourg, Germany and France, itsef belonging to Luxembourg. The fact that the Moselle is a condominium at this point adds to the symbolism of a truly European place, because it means that nation states share some of their sovereignty for the common good there.
I like the idea about past and potential political condominiums. I'm not sure about the amount of info there is for each one, maybe it would be one video in two parts
Thank you for covering my country Bosnia and Herzegovina and thank you for explaining the Brčko district cuz even tho i have been living here my whole life i still didn't understand it until now so thank's
@@Mister_Mario Absolutely not true. He did all that research, but missed out the easiest part: googling how to pronounce "Brčko". In English, "ck" is pronounced the same as "k". "Brčko" is easy to pronounce for almost anyone, he just didn't bother to Google it.
Hans Island in the Nares Strait is a fun condominium. For over 50 years, Canada and Denmark have been "fighting" over this chunk of rock surrounded by icy waters and desolation. A scientist or navigator or adventurer from one country periodically visits the rock and places a national flag and bottles of whisky for when the other country "attacks". Later, someone from the other country comes by, drinks the whisky, replaces it with more and swaps out national flags. This "fight" still continues to this day.
While some are just shared territories/administrations, it’s so weird and interesting that there are places which are mutually agreed upon as integral parts of more than one country simultaneously.
Just one small thing. The Bosnian district is called Brčko, spelled „Brtchko“. At first I really didn’t know what you are referring to 😀 . The map then cleared that out.
missleading thumbnail, south sudan and sudan are both indenpendant internationaly reckignised countries, bosnia and herzegovina is one country and is incomparable to the former, that is not the flag of the federation, and the country doesnt share the name with the federation it is just Bosna i Hercegovina, while the other one is Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine
The reason Sudan and South Sudan are on the thumbnail is because they share a territory in the middle of their border (Abyei Area) he explains this in the video
@@CirBam24 As i said before Sudan and south Sudan are reckignised imdenpendant Countries and i with my comment was NOT discrediging or problematasing that part of it, i am discrediting the other half that is incorect and missleading based on the name of the video COUNTRIES that share territories
There's also Chandigarh in India which is the shared capital of two states (Punjab & Haryana). It is also a Union Territory, i.e. a federally administered region and governed by Govt of India... Also... Hyderabad, India... which was the shared capital of another two states Andhra Pradesh and Telangana till few years back when Andhra Pradesh shifted it's capital officially to Amravati.
Interesting and (to a certain extent) similar examples you can find in Svalbard Islands with its sovereignty somehow, de facto, shared by Norway and Russia. There are also buffer / ''no-man's land'' areas like the narrow strip dividing both Koreas and Turkish occupied and Independent Cyprus. Monaco is fully independent from France but just while its prince could assure the continuation of the dynasty. There are much more examples across the globe and history. Macau from 1974 until 1999 was by its definition (chinese territory under portuguese administration), de facto, a sino-portuguese condominium administered by the Portuguese.
Regarding Lake Constance, Germany is of the opinion that there is a fixed border, but that is exact line is not defined. Only Austria considers it a condominium but the others (Germany and Switzerland) don't agree. However, as there is no real dispute it was never settled.
It's pronounced Brchko but basically that's it. Except population percentages. Yes they are like that on the paper because a lot of Bosniacs and Croats are registered in Brchko but in reality they don't live there. It can easily be seen in local elections where Serb parties win every time although they are fractured in 5-6 parties.
Nope, more Serbian lies. Out of 31 seats in Brcko council 14 are held by Serb parties while 17 are held by Bosniaks and Croats. Why do you Serbs always have to make stuff up all the time ?
@@horvatlovren7198 You unintelligent human being. So out of 31 seats how much percent is 14 seats? It’s 45%. And video says that Serbs by census constitute 34% of population. So I guess some Croats and Bosniacs vote for Serbian parties, am I right?
Andorra is _not_ a condominium. The fact their heads of state are also french and spanish does not make it s condominium. Specially since the spanish one is a bishop and not a political power.
The map used for the Moselle River is almost entirely the French region. Only the far north that is desaturated is in Germany/Luxembourg. Interesting video
French president is co-prince of Andorra not becuase de Foixes became French subjects, but rather because county of Foix has been inherited by Henry de Bourbon, King of Navarre, who became King of France.
Lake Constance isn't the third largest freshwater lake in Europe, not even close. Depending on your exact metrics it's around 35th place by surface area and 10th place by volume
I totally disagree with you in one country: Andorra is a full sovereign territory. The fact that it shares a chief of state with France doesn't make Andorra a shared territory. And it doesn't even shares the chief of state with Spain, it only happens that the bishop of Urgell lives in Catalonia, but has no connection with the Spanish state. So not at all, Andorra is a full sovereign country not a shared anything. In addition the bishop didn't remain Spanish because in the first moment he was Catalan and remained Catalan. Canada or Australia and UK share the same chief of state and nobody will say that they are a dependency of UK. So it is the same. Get better information next time.
Kiautschou Bay china was a German Controlled posetion from 1898-1914 Qingdao or Tsingtao China also the Foreign concessions in Tianjin formed after the Eight Nations Alliance put down the Boxer Rebellion in 1900-1901 The French area of Kouang-Tchéou-Wan Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan 1898-1945
*Which other countries share territories? Or which territories do you think SHOULD be shared that aren't today?*
Kurdistan no one talks about it. iraq, iran, turkey
Königsberg
Hi general knoledge,
I think a video about the 🇮🇱Israeli-🇵🇸Palestinian situation will be very interesting.
I am Israeli and it is interesting me how people outside of the situation see it (from a Portuguese* perspective). Of course the video will be very controversial so just state facts and less say your opinions...
I'm sorry if you did such as video and i didn't saw😝.
*You are Portuguese, right?
- Hans Island is an island in the Arctic Ocean that was claimed by both Denmark and Canada until last year when it was split 60/40, in Denmark's favor.
- The Spratly Islands are a group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea that are claimed by several countries in the region, including China, Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia.
- The Falkland Islands are a British Overseas Territory located in the South Atlantic Ocean. They are claimed by Argentina, which calls them the Malvinas Islands, and has historically laid claim to the islands. The dispute over the islands has led to a number of tensions between the UK and Argentina, including a brief war in 1982.
- The Golan Heights is a region in the Middle East that is controlled by Israel, but claimed by Syria. Israel captured the Golan Heights from Syria during the Six-Day War in 1967 and subsequently annexed the territory in 1981. The annexation has not been recognized by the international community, and the Golan Heights remains a disputed territory.
- Western Sahara is a territory in northwest Africa that is claimed by both Morocco and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). Morocco controls the majority of the territory, while the SADR controls a smaller portion in the east. The conflict over the territory dates back to the 1970s, and a ceasefire has been in place since 1991.
- The Western Tien-Shan is a mountain range in Central Asia that is claimed by both Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The border between the two countries in the region is not clearly defined, and there have been ongoing disputes over the sovereignty of the mountain range and other nearby territories.
I don't know if territories like Korea, Palestine/Israel, Cyprus, Kurdistan, Moldova, etc. fit the bill.
belgium's exclaims in the netherlands wich is in alot of weird borders videos is one of the ones that is probably acceptable in a video like this one (and if i remember correctly its also not that far from the border of the 2 nations and both countries get along very well at the point you can walk in and out of the coutries a few times while walking for less then an hour or even less then half an hour
It wouldn't be a General Knowledge video without him pronouncing Spanish words and names with a thick Portuguese accent. 😂
I love his accent and voice
Hondurashhh haha. His tuga accent made my day
I didn't realise this, just that his English has a Portuguese accent too. It's cute.
🖐🙂
It's a trademark at this point
@@General.Knowledge LOL
One obscure border fact that might interest you is the border between Finland and Sweden. The border primarily runs through a river, and it was agreed in a treaty 1809 that the border would be where the river is at its deepest. Thus, every 25th year the border is being re-evaluated and adjusted according to the topography of the river. This happened last time in 2006.
Very interesting! Is it something they do for fun at this point? It seems like with the great relations they have today this wouldn't be needed anymore
The same is true of the river border between Finland and Norway. It's called the "Thalweg". The river border between Norway and Russia, on the other hand, is the midpoint.
@@General.Knowledge I tried to wright a response to this, but it seems to have been eaten by the void. I assume that RUclips didn't like that I tried to add external links.
Anyway, I tried to say that it is a bit more than just for fun, the government takes it serious and the river is thouroughly surveyed. Then the new border is confirmed by both nations parliaments. But noone cares too much about it and at most it becomes a footnote in the newspapers. If I remember correctly, the reason for this arrangement was that back in the day, the river was important for transporting logs from the economically important forestry, and thus both nations needed acces to the deepest part of the river. You can find a bit more on the Wikipedia page about the Swedish-Finnish border (no link this time...).
I also tried to link to the 2006 documentation from the "Swedish and Finnish Border Commission", just to show how formal it is done. But it is primarily in Swedish and maybe not too interesting.
Another interesting aspect is the so called Sovereignty Islands, which are small islets in the river which are owned by citizens of the other country (i.e. Finnish islets owned by Swedes and Swedish islets owned by Finns). They also had economic value for hay production back in the day, and were thus allowed to remain with their original owners. But in order to make it clear who held sovereignty over the islets, the owners had to pay a small fee to the other nation. The payment succesively ceased, and last fee was payed in 1969. In the 1970s, it was proposed that Sweden and Finland both should forcibly buy all the islets and then make an exchange, but that was not popular and never happened.
Dig a chanel and retract the river. Free land glitch
@@General.Knowledge it's that it will be re-evluated in 2031
The city of Chandigarh in India is also shared b/w two states- Punjab and Haryana working as capital of both states
That's so interesting! I had never heard of a shared capital, even at a regional level
@@General.KnowledgeWhat is today 3 Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal and Pakistan Province of Punjab used to be one single Punjab Province in British India before 1947.
Punjab was divided into West and East Punjab in 1947. The two largest cities in Punjab at that time were two border cities of Lahore and Amritsar with Lahore being the largest and the capital at that time.
West Pakistan( Pakistan part) was awarded Lahore and Lahore become the capital of west Punjab.
India not wanting to keep the capital in a border area city like Amritsar decided to make a temporary capital in Shimla, a popular hill city in the hilly region in east Punjab, until the planned city of Chandigarh is finished.
Capital was moved to Chandigarh in 1953 when city was formally inaugurated by India's president on 7 October 1953.
Later, there was Punjabi Suba movement based on linguistic , geographical and religion reasons which lead to it splitting up.
Hilly area along with Shimla was transferred to Himachal in 1966. Himachal was itself a state created by merger of few princely states of Punjab province of British India in India shortly after independence.
Meanwhile rest of the East Punjab state was split up into Punjab and Haryana state based on linguistic lines. Newly created city of Chandigarh was in middle and right on border of both states. Both side claimed the city.
Matter was brought in court and still not solved 56 years later. Chandigarh works as capital of both states although not being controlled by any one of them.
Chandigarh is directly governed by the Central Government as a Union Territory until this issue can be resolved, however, both states are allowed to set up their own offices and administrative buildings.
@@reddragon100
Chandigarh was planned by a famous architect, right? I forgot his name actually, lol. I just remember that I heard about this in TV many years ago.
🖐👴
Bro, But First Of All, Chandigarh Is A Union Territory of India 🇮🇳!!!
@@General.Knowledge Bro, But First Of All, Chandigarh Is A Union Territory of India 🇮🇳!!!
The most northern part of the border between Germany and The Netherlands is also undefined. It's the part of the border within the mound of the river Ems. Both countries had different claims on the exact route of the border within the estuary. A treaty between the 2 countries to jointly be responsible was signed in 1960 and renewed in 2016. It defines the shared responsibilities when it comes to shipping, fishing, environment. offshore wind parks, etc. within the estuary.
You are right. It used to be well defined, but a flood caused the complete geography to change (Dollard and Ems esturary were completely changed) so nobody could establish the border anymore after that.
Though that not a Condominum. There is no agreement that the Area is shared by both countries simultaneously. Basically the Netherlands and Germany both claim the rightful "owner" of those Area. But there is an angreement on disagreement.
I would heavily discuss three of these. First, Andorra, which I don't think is a condominium, because neither Spain or France exercise sovereignty over it. Second, the one in Bosnia Herzegovina, as it's not an international subject, rather an internal political division. And last, Antarctica, as it's nog exactly a condominium, but, instead, some sort of terra nulius with rules on top. But anyway, nice video :)
An honorable mention must be given to the Oregon Country (modern-day WA, OR, BC, ID, and some of MT), which prior to 1846 was a condominium of the US and UK, and prior to 1818 a condominium of the UK, Spain, and Russia.
I didn't know about this! Going to look it up
What is WA OR?
@@immMoon Washington, Oregon. They're all state abbreviations.
@@coryfan5872 oh i wouldn't know
WHAT DID YOU SAY??
I agree with your thoughts about the Guano Islands Act. I didn’t learn about it until I was in college/university when my history professor recommended a book that talked more about it and all the uninhabited islands the US claimed using the act. I don’t remember the name of the book, but I remember talking with him about the Guano Islands Act after reading it and even he thought it was a strange part of US history, too.
Great video as always!
Thank you!
Nice video as always!
Thank you!
Ok, one correction is in place. Lake Constance (Bodensee) is only the third largest lake in "Central and Western Europe", according to Wikipedia (unclear exactly how that area is defined, or why it is relevant). There are a great number of lakes in Europe that are larger, especially in Russia, Finland and Sweden. Myself I live in Sweden, where lake Vänern is the actual third largest natural lake in Europe (and the largest in the EU).
Anyway, your videos are always appreciated and interesting!
I was also a little surprised at its 'ranking' considering all the gigantic lakes in North Europe! Thanks :)
@@General.Knowledge Lake Geneva or Lac Leman is a wee bit bigger than Lake Constance btw
Is it true that your capital Stockholm is built on a bunch of tiny islands/peninsulas? Like why sweden has so much small lakes and islands? 😁 😃
@@roatskm2337 Well, at least the old core of Stockholm is located at several islands in the outlet of lake Mälaren into the Baltic Sea, yes. It was a very strategic position. And the reason why there are so many lakes in Northern Europe, I believe is due to the cold climate (low evaporation/high percipitation) combined with the glaciation during the ice age creating many low points in the bedrock by grinding it down irregularly. The Baltic Sea was originally a meltwater bassin from the glaciers covering Scandinavia. It has created quite a beautiful landscape! 😊
@@staffan- You are very lucky to have such an amazing and uneven landscape, though it's interesting how sweden is mostly flat (85%) , while Norway is mostly mountainous and filled with hills, I believe once tha lower lands all used to be under water basin and creatures 5-10 million years ago lived only in today's mountain regions, who are gorgeous itself!
Thx for the information anyway? 😁😃
My favourite shared territory was the New Hebrides, it was pretty substantial in size, possibly bigger than all the ones here put together (except Antarctica of course). It was a whole territory administered by both UK and France and had government representatives from both countries tried until independence was achieved - from both - in 1980 and is known now as Vanuatu.
Exact en français ces îles franco britanniques s'appelaient Les Nouvelles Hébrides . A la fin du condominium, il y eu même des conflits entre francophones et anglophones ....
This isn't shared territory but a tale of shared administration. The Roosevelt family, which produced two US Presidents, built a "cottage" with many rooms on Campobello Island in Canada. Later, it was gifted with the intent to create a park out of it, and because of the dual countries involved, the US and Canada created the Roosevelt Campobello International Park. The park is run by both US and Canadian rangers and is the only park of dual administration in the USA and (I think) in Canada. It is well worth the visit.
Yep, I think it's one of a few International Parks. I think there's another one in BC and I think Ontario at Niagara Falls.
This isn't exactly happening now, but in the past, it was proposed by Peru that the territory of Arica be occupied jointly by Peru, Bolivia, and Chile. It would have probably not worked out at all but very interesting to think about XD
Still today though, both Peru and Bolivia have complete access to the port of Arica
(for context): Both Peru and Bolivia lost territories (Bolivia their beaches!!) to Chile during the War of the Pacific (1879-1883)
Bolivia has wanted the sea back of course lol so in 1976, Peru offered that Chile allows the land to be held by all three of them so that they can make peace and that Bolivia (sorta) gets beaches
Just freaking love this channel
Thanks!
Historical condominium was Tangiers (today's Morocco territory). During the franco-spanish partition of Morocco area this city had for a while (30 years +-) a special status and its sovereignty was shared by several countries including the most obvious France and Spain but also the UK (Gibraltar holder and at the time a superpower) and Portugal (neighbour and historical holder of the area) and, more surprisingly, Belgium, The Netherlands and Sweden.
One could make an argument that the tiny Perejil island nearby claimed by both Morocco and Spain but occupied by neither is a Res nullius or belongs to no one like Bir Tawil and Antarctica.
Wow general knowledge this might be my favorite video of yours yet. You're a total inspiration and actually because of seeing your success I've decided to start making videos too! Keep grinding, your hard work clearly pays off!
W
W
Nice mare
Yeah, your attempt at fishing for subs is laughable.
@@0deepak Your attempts at spreading negativity is laughable.
Technically, the airport of Rimini, Italy is shared between Italy and San Marino. Not the actual territory covering it but the income due to tourists taking the airport mostly to visit San Marino.
I've heard of Andorra's case before, General Knowledge. El Mapa de Sebas has a video about the topic.
Asm knowledgeThank u so much for uploading for us we love u keep it up♡ । The amount of effort you gives for this videos are insane we all love your vdos
Interesting video! You should make a video about condominiums in history like the New Hebrides Islands between Britain and France
Brüder zur Sonne zur Freiheit was a beautiful choice for a background song
Great video. Congrats
Thank you!
Honestly nice video
Is Andorra a condominium though? Does any French or Spanish government have authority in Andorra, or is it merely that the heads of state happen to also have positions in other countries? Unless the French government and some government in Spain has some legal authority over the laws of Andorra, it can hardly be called a condominium.
Very interesting. I knew about Andorra, but not the others.
It would be nice if you could do a video about historical condominiums.
There's a small shared sea area between Vietnam and Cambodia
I love the Königgrätzer Marsch in the background
Another informative video, thanks for this! ❤
If this video had exactly 2,600 views at 28 minutes old then the average views per minute would be 92.857143
Andorra is not a condominium in any imaginable way. It was a condominium under French and Spanish sovereignty in the past. Today it is a principality with two heads of state (a coprincipality) and it is under no sovereignty other than its own. A condominium is by definition a territory that is under the sovereignty of two or more sovereign states. Arguing that Andorra is a condominium based on the fact that one of its heads of state is the head of state of another state is like arguing that the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand are under British sovereignty because their head of state is the same person. That is a grave misunderstanding. Charles III is not king of those territories as king of the United Kingdom, he is king of those territories as king of the United Kingdom, king of Canada, king of Australia, king of New Zealand, in other words, it is the same person occupying different positions in different states. None of those states is under British sovereignty or a condominium of British and Canadian/Australian/New Zealand sovereignty. In the same way, Andorra is not under French sovereignty, Emmanuel Macron is not head of state of Andorra as the president of France, he is head of state of France as its president and he is head of state of Andorra as its coprince, this is, two different positions in two different sovereign states. Andorra is not under French nor Spanish sovereignty or French/Spanish and Andorran sovereignty, it is under Andorran sovereignty alone, it is not a condominium.
It is also conceptually incorrect to say that Antarctica is a condominium, simply because the Antarctic Treaty specifically stipulates that the territory of the continent is under the sovereignty of no state and that the claims over it are temporarily "frozen". I know that some sources say that it is a condominium, but it is just wrong, that is not what a condominium is. The Antarctic Treaty just regulates the activity of the signatories within the territory, it does not make them sovereigns over it at the same time. You yourself said it, Antarctica is a de facto condominium, meaning that is not such thing in law, and even the de facto description is wrong because of what I said about the effects of the treaty, which temporarily separates Antarctica from any sovereignty, not put it under the sovereignty of various states, which is what a condominium actually is.
The situation of Lake Constance is not a condominium either. One may say that it is a true de facto condominium, since Germany, Austria and Switzerland make use of the territory jointly, but it is certainly not a de jure condominium, since there is no treaty recognizing it as such. This situation is an unsolved territorial dispute. Of course that the opinion of Austria is that of a condominium, but it is not only one opinion among three, but just an opinion that needs to be agreed upon by the three states involved, which has not yet happened.
Brčko is indeed a condominium, but it is not an international one. It is a condominium between the Bosnian federation and Srpska.
Pheasant Island can be classified as a condominium in a sense, but in the strictest sense it is not, since it is not a territory under simultaneous French and Spanish sovereignty, but a territory that alternates between both sovereignties. The vast majority of sources consider it a condominium though and this may be because, even though it is not a condominium in the strictest sense, the protocol of the island derives from a condominium agreement.
The rest of the territories you mentioned, the Gulf of Fonseca (El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua), the waters surrounding Bajo Nuevo Bank (Colombia, Jamaica), the Abyei Area (Sudan, South Sudan), and the Moselle River and the northern tip of the island of Staustufe Apach (Germany, Luxembourg) are true condominia.
I'd like a full video on Andorra. Nice work.
Fascinating. More please (there must be more)
Saudi Arabia and Kuwait jointly administer an area along the Persian Gulf coast under a 1969 treaty. Today, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates have an undefined border, making some of the open area between them essentially shared.
Lake Constanze is not the only Place without Borders in Europe.
The Landborder between Germany and Denmark is defined and the Islands are distributed between them, but there is no maritime Border. Both Sides decided to not bother with defining them.
Thanks!
I'd like to know about Guiana and how it used to be a joint condominium between the UK, France and the Netherlands, what difficulties ensued and the breakup into three separate portions, one owned by each country.
I wanna see the proposed condominiums! It's really interesting to see how the map could look.
No state wants to share land even if they do.
It's on my list for upcoming videos!
@@General.Knowledge I would have thought shared territories a thing of the past, so you definitely piqued my interest when you said there are proposed ones! Looking forward to that video!
This is a very interesting video where I learned alot of new things. With most videos I usually know of atleast a few existances of things, but these were all new to me. Thank you!
I also found out about most of them for the first time while making the video! Thanks for watching :)
Shared territory is the historic norm, not the exception. Until late medieval Europe, most borders were not defined. And a large portion of all governments that have ever existed had no defined territory. I.E. The Roman Senate was originally a treaty organization between the Latins but eventually it became a law making body with no definition whether Senate laws trumped city-state law. Many sovereign states in history had no sovereign territory at all.
Fun fact: Cyprus was once a condominium between the roman empire and the Arabic Caliphate for more than 200 years.
True, although it was the greek Eastern Roman Empire, commonly called Byzantium, and various arab caliphates like the Umayyad Caliphate, the Abbasid Caliphate and the Fatimid Caliphate, as there is no historical entity called "The Arabic Caliphate".
@@Spacemongerr made it simple so everyone could understand but yes you are of course correct
@@theodlt5980 :)
Nice another video
If we had a bunch more of these, or were just better at sharing the dirt we stand on in general the world would be a better place.
It is a good concept right? And it shows how peaceful co-existing can take place. Although I think in most of the cases it's possible because they are areas that aren't disputable. If valuable natural resources were abundant in some of them I doubt that it would be the same.
Very proud the The gulf of Fonseca made it into the list
As an Honduran I would say in my personal opinion it is more important to us than El Salvador and Nicaragua because it is the only connection to the Pacific Ocean while Nicaragua has a whole border there and El Salvador too. But it is Equally very much necessary for all three to have the Condominium there to make trading easier and quality of life and border issues easier and better
I just imagine that before the modern age, the condominium between powers over territories (as in the case of Andorra) must have been the rule, or at least very very common. Probably, most territories had shared sovereignty by bishops, lords, counts, knights and so on...
That is not correct, it was never common.
Those titles held differing prestige, function and obligations, but they all ruled over different areas. Or they were subservient to one another, like a municipality is to a state today.
I guess you could think of some of them as being co-rulers, but only in the sense that a municipality is a co-ruler with a province or state in that they rule (parts of) the same land but have different responsibilities. Generally that is different from a condiminium though, which is ruled by two independent sovereign states.
I suppose Brussels is a kind of condominium in a way? The French and Flemish speaking communities in Belgium are their own federal entities and both have jurisdiction over Brussels. In addition to the Brussels region government having jurisdiction.
It would be worth noting that the village of Schengen, the namesake of the European Schengen free travel area, is also located on the Moselle river, at the tripoint of Luxembourg, Germany and France, itsef belonging to Luxembourg. The fact that the Moselle is a condominium at this point adds to the symbolism of a truly European place, because it means that nation states share some of their sovereignty for the common good there.
Great video!!
I like the idea about past and potential political condominiums. I'm not sure about the amount of info there is for each one, maybe it would be one video in two parts
Thank you for covering my country Bosnia and Herzegovina and thank you for explaining the Brčko district cuz even tho i have been living here my whole life i still didn't understand it until now so thank's
He's pronouncing that as a Br'ko district, because, for non-natives Č is really hard to pronounce alone. I do not know why.
@@Mister_Mario Absolutely not true.
He did all that research, but missed out the easiest part: googling how to pronounce "Brčko".
In English, "ck" is pronounced the same as "k".
"Brčko" is easy to pronounce for almost anyone, he just didn't bother to Google it.
Both historical and proposed condominiums sound interesting to me. Keep up the good work, General Knowledge. I salute you (pun intended).
As well as the historic four border point
Oh, didn't expect to see the Bodensee here
Hans Island in the Nares Strait is a fun condominium. For over 50 years, Canada and Denmark have been "fighting" over this chunk of rock surrounded by icy waters and desolation. A scientist or navigator or adventurer from one country periodically visits the rock and places a national flag and bottles of whisky for when the other country "attacks". Later, someone from the other country comes by, drinks the whisky, replaces it with more and swaps out national flags. This "fight" still continues to this day.
June 4, 2022, Canada and Denmark signed the agreement to split the island.
While some are just shared territories/administrations, it’s so weird and interesting that there are places which are mutually agreed upon as integral parts of more than one country simultaneously.
I'm Colombian and I had no idea that we had a condominium with Jamaica.
Is this the water containing San Andrés?
@@mdmenzel no it isn't, the water that contains San Andrés is southwest of that place
Surprised you did not mention the Caribbean Island of St. Maarten which is jointly shared by France on side and The Netherlands on the other.
It should be dutch lets be fair
l dont know english but l love your videos so much so good videos really hope you got the 1 million
Entire world is a shared territory but people ignoring the environment don't understand this
How was your holiday?
It was good! How was yours? :)
@@General.Knowledge it was good!
Whow, shared territories are not a dream! In my parallel earth, Istanbul=constantpol is a turkey-greece shared territory or city!
Everything is true about Bosnian district Brcko. Finally somebody gets the facts right. Good job.
Just one small thing. The Bosnian district is called Brčko, spelled „Brtchko“. At first I really didn’t know what you are referring to 😀 . The map then cleared that out.
You mean «pronounced brtchko»! And of course Urgell is pronounced oor-hey in Castilian Spanish.
you should do a video on Tangiers (today's Morocco territory). it was a mix of French/Spanish and other European powers.
missleading thumbnail, south sudan and sudan are both indenpendant internationaly reckignised countries, bosnia and herzegovina is one country and is incomparable to the former, that is not the flag of the federation, and the country doesnt share the name with the federation it is just Bosna i Hercegovina, while the other one is Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine
The reason Sudan and South Sudan are on the thumbnail is because they share a territory in the middle of their border (Abyei Area) he explains this in the video
@@JohnnyDoh i am not problematising that portion
@@NeroPiroman But it is literally highlighted on the thumbnail, dunno man seems you dropped the gun too fast
@@CirBam24 As i said before Sudan and south Sudan are reckignised imdenpendant Countries and i with my comment was NOT discrediging or problematasing that part of it, i am discrediting the other half that is incorect and missleading based on the name of the video COUNTRIES that share territories
@@NeroPiroman man ur special
u should do historical version too
list of covalent bonds between countries 👍
love the vido thanks so much the besy of nolage
There's also Chandigarh in India which is the shared capital of two states (Punjab & Haryana). It is also a Union Territory, i.e. a federally administered region and governed by Govt of India...
Also... Hyderabad, India... which was the shared capital of another two states Andhra Pradesh and Telangana till few years back when Andhra Pradesh shifted it's capital officially to Amravati.
Interesting and (to a certain extent) similar examples you can find in Svalbard Islands with its sovereignty somehow, de facto, shared by Norway and Russia.
There are also buffer / ''no-man's land'' areas like the narrow strip dividing both Koreas and Turkish occupied and Independent Cyprus. Monaco is fully independent from France but just while its prince could assure the continuation of the dynasty.
There are much more examples across the globe and history. Macau from 1974 until 1999 was by its definition (chinese territory under portuguese administration), de facto, a sino-portuguese condominium administered by the Portuguese.
Independent Cyprus? Lol. Dude, South Cyprus corrupted and racist as heck.
In the thumbnail, the word 'Brčko District' is misspelled as the caron, which is that arrow pointing downwards is at k instead of c.
Regarding Lake Constance, Germany is of the opinion that there is a fixed border, but that is exact line is not defined. Only Austria considers it a condominium but the others (Germany and Switzerland) don't agree. However, as there is no real dispute it was never settled.
It's pronounced Brchko but basically that's it. Except population percentages. Yes they are like that on the paper because a lot of Bosniacs and Croats are registered in Brchko but in reality they don't live there. It can easily be seen in local elections where Serb parties win every time although they are fractured in 5-6 parties.
Bosniaks are majority in Brcko
Nope, more Serbian lies. Out of 31 seats in Brcko council 14 are held by Serb parties while 17 are held by Bosniaks and Croats. Why do you Serbs always have to make stuff up all the time ?
@@horvatlovren7198 This video explains it: ruclips.net/video/ZIfc2qccCwQ/видео.html
@@horvatlovren7198 You unintelligent human being. So out of 31 seats how much percent is 14 seats? It’s 45%. And video says that Serbs by census constitute 34% of population. So I guess some Croats and Bosniacs vote for Serbian parties, am I right?
@@SmokeDimi You said Serb Parties always win, when they literally never win. The current mayor of Brcko council is a muslim from SDA party.
Andorra is _not_ a condominium. The fact their heads of state are also french and spanish does not make it s condominium. Specially since the spanish one is a bishop and not a political power.
The whole of both Sudans used to be a condominium between Egypt and Britain
Are you telling me that not only is there a (North) Sudan and a South Sudan, but also technically a Middle Sudan as well?!
The map used for the Moselle River is almost entirely the French region. Only the far north that is desaturated is in Germany/Luxembourg. Interesting video
2:38 ayo is that an instrumental of Brüder in Zechen und Gruben? Very based my friend.
Good video 👁️👁️👁️
I like how you chose the koniggratzer marsch for this video 👍
French president is co-prince of Andorra not becuase de Foixes became French subjects, but rather because county of Foix has been inherited by Henry de Bourbon, King of Navarre, who became King of France.
There is an Island west of greenland that is shared between Denmark and Canada
That's true! I saw a video about it a while back. It was a friendly dispute for decades but they finally settled it
@@General.Knowledge was a funny dispute, they kept going there and changing a flag 🤣
I died inside a little when I heard you call Brčko "burko" lol
My brother lived in a condominium....
2:31 Brčko* (pronounced Br-ch-ko, not bre-ko)
The District of BRČKO (= Ber - tch - koh). Č is a distinct letter in our language(s) and it sounds just like CH in English or TSCH in German.
If anything, Bosnia Herzegovina is still dealing with the aftermath of the fall of Yugoslavia and the intermixing that took place.
USA: "We won't make a formal claim to part of Antarctica, we'll just put a facility right on The South Pole." 🙂
Lake Constance isn't the third largest freshwater lake in Europe, not even close. Depending on your exact metrics it's around 35th place by surface area and 10th place by volume
Saint Marteen is owned partially but the French and partially by the Dutch
Hi general knowledge you must work very hard for this
General knowledge I have a question
There's Itaipu Binacional. A huge dam in the border between Brazil and Paraguay.
5:55 (Tom Scott voice) It is a big lake
I totally disagree with you in one country: Andorra is a full sovereign territory. The fact that it shares a chief of state with France doesn't make Andorra a shared territory. And it doesn't even shares the chief of state with Spain, it only happens that the bishop of Urgell lives in Catalonia, but has no connection with the Spanish state. So not at all, Andorra is a full sovereign country not a shared anything. In addition the bishop didn't remain Spanish because in the first moment he was Catalan and remained Catalan.
Canada or Australia and UK share the same chief of state and nobody will say that they are a dependency of UK. So it is the same.
Get better information next time.
Hello, General knowledge. Are you actually a general?
The pronunciationof Brčko sounds more like "Birch Co" think like a company that deals with birch tree :)
The Portuguese territory of Olivença is actually administrated by Spain. Condominium would be a solution for this disputed territory.
Hmmmmmm. Interesting 🤔
Hansø between Canada and Denmark/Greenland
Transylvania, obviously, should be on the list.
Kiautschou Bay china was a German Controlled posetion from 1898-1914 Qingdao or Tsingtao China
also the Foreign concessions in Tianjin formed after the Eight Nations Alliance put down the Boxer Rebellion in 1900-1901
The French area of Kouang-Tchéou-Wan Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan 1898-1945
52% Bosniaks , 31% Eastern Orthodox and 17% Catolic in Bosnia and Herzegovina