Joan of Arc's Sentence // May 1431 // Primary Source
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- Опубликовано: 12 сен 2024
- On the 30th May 1431 the French national heroine Saint Joan of Arc, canonised in 1920, was burnt alive at the stake for heresy under the instruction of the bishop Pierre Cauchon.
She rose to prominence during her brief life for her effect on the battlefield during the Hundred Years war, and the widespread belief among the French that she was able to receive messages from the divine.
Here we have notes from her trial and execution, written by Guillaume Manchon, which describe the sentencing and final moments of Joan.
Big thanks and shout out to our source for this one:
jeanne-darc.info
and Søren Bie!
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These primary sources are the absolute masterpieces of history
They were rhetorically on another level.
Closely followed by the secondary sources. 😎
Great subjects, great stuff.
Historians have pointed out that the English government engineered the trial because Joan had opposed them: English government records show that they selected the tribunal members and judge, who had served as an adviser to the English occupation government since 1420. Many of the tribunal members later admitted the charges were deliberately false and the transcript was falsified on important issues. After the English were driven out of northern France toward the end of the war, Joan's family petitioned the Church to investigate the trial, leading the chief Inquisitor to conduct a series of investigations (in May 1452 and from November 1455 thru July 1456) which led to a reversal of the verdict on 7 July 1456.
The trouble with citing an excerpt from the transcript (without providing any context) is that a document like this is badly and deliberately misleading.
She's a saint
I'd like a source on your claim that the transcript was falsified in multiple ways. I've read the documents and this would mean practically the entire thing including the portions from the secular court, was a fabrication. I seriously doubt it but if you have the evidence, by all means, provide it
And 25 years later she was declared to be innocent after all, technically by the authority of the same Church (and finally canonized in 1920). If the thought itself wasn't heretical, I would say that it's almost as if matters of the earthly, temporal politics decided who was a heretic and who wasn't.
--> "it's almost as if matters of the earthly, temporal politics decided who was a heretic"
That sounds like heresy to me.
Saints are declared by man, not by GOD.
Catholic church is not a religious body but a racket run by crooks . Look at southern Ireland the Catholic church made southern Ireland the worst country for human rights in Europe for 50 yrs .
@@khalee95 God makes saints since every dead person in Heaven is a saint, the church simply proves who is up there.
@@grahamjohnson2559 You mean the same Ireland that has its governement allowing abortion even against the doctor's wishes today?
Only comforting thought is that society is able to recognize when mistakes were made even centuries earlier and make note of the people who were actually in the wrong. These guy thought he was so in the right, and being one of the only literate people at the time, he thought his writings would settle the matter and we would always think he was right. At least, we were able to set the record straight for Joan, who clearly was not offered any actual form of trial/ defense. And now we venerate her and speak badly of this man. History will judge us all, we dont control the narrative.
What mistakes? She deserved it.
Not much has really changed though. I've heard history is about to repeat itself.
I cannot speak for the dead but im guessing is that in her final moments Joan was cursing everybody from God who she thought didnt allow her to be saved to the Men who burned her knowing her innocence. Only reason she wasnt able to say anything was that the pain of being burned alive was too unbearable to speak with.
Actually for her case she was declared innocent 25 years after so was quickly recognized the mistake.
@@arnowisp6244 I doubt that helped her suffering
That was like satan himself reading her sentence. Wolf in sheep's clothing.
She did say God was telling her what to do and she was leading the French Military around telling them God said to do this and that. You can't just allow people like that to run loose.
true indeed
To this day, some denominations believe that they can tell us who god approves and who he doesn't (well beyond what is indicated in the Greek Scriptures). Jehovah's Witnesses not only expel members who question the papacy, that is, Watchtower leadership (equivalent to the Catholic papacy, being the final word), but they demand that family members and congregants shun that person until they "return to Jehovah." My own mother and sister have been shunning me now for about 3 years. Since my mom is in her 70s, it is very likely that I will never see her face again - dead or alive.
Shunning is a tool of the devil to confine and control people to keep them trapped within apostate and damnable cults.
Melissa B its so sad this cult is separating you and family. However, take comfort in the words of Jesus regarding choosing Him over family. I hope you've been able to find members of your new family in faith. There's three newer RUclipsrs you should check out as they are going through similar trials having left their previous deceptive belief systems......Doreen Virtue, Melissa Dougherty and Steven Bancarz.
Religious beliefs are still breaking up society, people is 2019 WTH?
Religion is a business, nothing more. Why do you think they want your money? If they're "Non- Profit" they can't need as much as they beg for.
Melissa B Psalm 27:10 (KJV) "When my father and my mother forsake me, then the Lord will take me up."
Sounds like Twitter.
1431: Joan d'Arc meets death; Vlad III meets life
A fareful year then, I guess.
A small price to pay for salvation
When a hero of Christendom dies,another is born
Vlad talking to the orthodox bishop: "The ottomans are coming for us, I must strengthen our nation like iron, and for that only fire is of use."
The bishop: "Not the fire of hell."
Vlad: "I dont have another."
So accurate
"Oh shame, that, as the dog returns again to his vomit, so you have returned to your errors and crimes"
Dog lovers all nodding in agreement " yup they do like doing that"
"As a dog returns to his vomit, so a fool repeats his folly" is an aphorism which appears in the Book of Proverbs in the Jewish Bible - Proverbs 26:11
St. Joan of Arc💙
"As a dog returns to its vomit, you have returned to your transgressions."
What a metal insult, I'm gonna start using that
It is a very well known and used quote by Jews till now, tho the original is different : "As a dog returns to his vomit, so a fool repeats his folly" is an aphorism which appears in the Book of Proverbs in the Hebrew Bible - Proverbs 26:11
This guy really roasted Joan with this sentencing. Hope she can recover.
@Andro mache You must be fun at parties...
LMAO
This comment was fire
I see what you did there lmao
Today, one of the Patron Saint of France. 💒❤🇫🇷
Alongside Therese of Lisieux, Louis of France, Denis of Paris, Martin of Tours and many more 😉
@@Skadi609 don't forget Vercingetorix. Notice how they were all killed....hmm
@@andrewpestotnik5495 Vercingetorix isn't a saint. He lived before the time of Christ.
Although she was instrumental in crowning Charles VII he turned his back on her but that's typcal of the French throughout history.
@@andrewpestotnik5495 vercingetorix was cool but he lived before christ
Very interesting. Thanks for the upload. For years I've had the understanding the only charge they could actually find her violating was wearing men's clothes. She was charged with more allegations but the clothing violation was the only one she couldn't refute. That's been my understanding.
If you listen there is no mention of clothes.
She was burned to death, the sentence for heresy.
She was a lezzie!
There is a very good drama made in 1928 by C.T. Dreyer on the trial and death of Jeanne d'Arc "La Passion de Jeanne d’Arc". It's based on the extant protocols of her interrogations and confessions.
It is a beautiful film. May I just say to those who wish to watch it, it is here in its entirety on RUclips. Look for the one with English subtitles. Strangely, it promises to be in colour, but thankfully, it preserves its black and white format. It is accompanied by the gorgeous music, 'Voices of Light'
look forward to your episodes every week
The way he said "whoooolesome" made my skin crawl. Poor joan. World full of spiders an you're a bright butterfly, catching the light, drawing attention. I do hate spiders
The person speaking here isnt the real person , you have to understand that these are men of their times and some of them truly believed they were doing gods work , they did try to offer mercy by the standard of the day and wanted to save her soul. Sadly Joan was probably mentally ill , my guess is some form of schitzophrenia. They had no real understanding of mental illness but were all born and raised in a highly Christian era where hearing hearing voices had only one explenation , devil trickery and witchcraft. If you'd been raised in those times you would of believed those things too. Christianity has come along way since those days and is now pretty benign, but another religion still executes for witchcraft today , still stones to death publicaly... think about that.....
@See Quinn Oh and btw stop liking your own posts it embarrassing
@See Quinn must've been someone from your 'spiritual' realm then because again less than a minute after you post on an old dead chain you get 1 like.... Like i said before its embarrassing
and like butterflies her life was short...
@naka She never fought or even held a sword. And she did not command the army neither.
she's a saint st. Margret talked to her too
This is good stuff. Maybe now people don’t see the importance of these videos but the future will be on its knees looking for guidance. It’ll be these videos that will lead the way.
They even burned their saints.
Another outstanding job, sir!
These judges were not Christians.
"like a dog going back to its vomit.." they had a way with words.
This is one of those all too rare cases where much of the dialogue was saved so that we can see how the trial transpired. Joan's abilities to verbally fence with Church legates much more learned than she is quite astonishing. I hope you can do more content on this; especially in light of modern feminist events.
Modern 3rd wave feminism is garbage.
@@cubedog4478 Whatever you think about modern feminism, Joan was kinda badass...if not crazy!
@@SkunkyBrew I like Joan of Arc. Modern feminazis don't hold a candle to her.
@@cubedog4478 Honestly they would attack her because she would see them for what they are.
Man hating liars.
@@SkunkyBrewpeople that society deems as crazy or outlandish are often the same people who change the world as we know it.
Religion is the greatest type of madness that troubles mankind.
I hope Joan of Arc is at peace
I'm loving this channel
She was tried for political purposes by these hypocrites pretending to be religious men.
Nice job and thank you is all i can say :)
Thanks for enjoying it!
In the Joan of Arc anime I'm imagining right now, her sentence would be read out by one of those deep voiced Yakuza sounding guys.
Āko Jōn - Shinshoku no Furansu!
Poor woman.
I wonder who is burning now! Not her.
Joan de Arc had to burn for only an hour at most; Bishop Pierre Cauchon is almost certainly burning forevermore.
@@jamestown8398 The last moment of Jehanne la Pucelle are not known !
There were only English soldiers on the old market square in Rouen.
The population of Rouen was not allowed on the square.
And then they slew a Saint...t'was a dark hour indeed.
Saint ? She condoned a war where many people died
she has been canonized, sorry dude : )
Dogs: sir, we are offended by this idea that we come back to our own vomit! *Proceeds to eat his own vomit*
How is it that men born in sin can have any kind of religious authority to condemn anyone? They are out of order.
What a phenomenal find of RUclips! best of luck!!
When an English hissy fit reaches theological proportions
Damn your videos are good!
💞💐🙏💖🙏💐💞
💖..Joan of Arc..💖
💞💐🙏💖🙏💐💞
Yeah the church always love a good barbecue
This judgment was not fair !!! Those who condemned her were interested in this trial, I am angry at those who accused her, congratulations for the work Voices of the past.
The bishop Pierre Cauchon participated on a riot against the queen Isabel I of France. Attributing his victories to the demon was a malicious decision.
Dark stuff, love it
The part about "the dog returning to it's vomit" is a bit much don't you think😲
Quite a vivid analogy, that you now know it is poisonous but choose to swallow it again.
It's from the Bible - Proverbs 26:11.
"As a dog returns to his vomit, so a fool repeats his folly" is an aphorism which appears in the Book of Proverbs in the Hebrew Bible - Proverbs 26:11
I can imagine no better role for the English than as cruel and cunning witch-hunters and inquisioners, sometimes acting on their own as in the case of the regicides when they pulled the dead out of the grave to organize a show trial and then draw, quarter and hang them and exposed Cromwell's head for decades on display in London or as in the case of poor Jeanne d'Arc whose sin was to stop their aggression at the gates of Orleans and save France. Interestingly enough, Shakespeare depicts Jeanne d'Arc in Henry VI P.1 as a witch, prostitute and bastard pretending to be of noble origin. "Break thou in pieces and consume to ashes, Thou foul accursed minister of hell!"
She was handed over to the English by the French and tried in a French church by French priests.
@@knightowl3577 At that time France besides facing a foreign war of agression from the English was being torn by a civil war between two aristocratic factions the Armagnacs and the Burgundians.The Burgundians under Philippe le Bon were allied with the English. Now what happened was that the Burgundians organized an ambush for Jeanne d'Arc, captured her and sold her to the English. As the occupying force and exercising the secular power in the north of France the English preferred to have the scores with Jeanne d'Arc settled through the local ecclesiatical justice totally under their control. They killed two birds with one stone. They got rid of a most dangerous and charismatic enemy and yet could claim 'innocence' and , second, by acknowledging de iure la Pucelle as a witch and heretic they de-legitimized the crowning of Charles VII in Reims staged at Jeanne's inititive and so his rights to the throne of France.
In his letter to both the prelates of France and emperor Sigismund Henry VI hypocritically stresses this point. La Pucelle has done a lot of damage to the English but we are kind and God-fearing so we think it to be nothing in comparison with her "errors and heresies' in the matter of faith and costumes... So again, the English stood from the beginning to the end behind this nasty crime and the show trial . They profited most from it. As always the question "Cui bono" is the most important one.
@@januszkowalski5345
This is an interesting comment, especially your understanding for the sentence of Heresy given to Jehanne la Pucelle.
Yes, it was to annul the Coronation of Charles VII at the cathedral of Reims, it was a political action from the English and the Church of Normandy which was under the control of the English Aristocracy.
The English were saying out loud , that Charles had used the help of an heretic, an evil entity to obtain the Crown.
To deflect the English propaganda, Charles used the Rehabilitation Trial of 1455/56.
It is true that Jehanne was captured by the Burgundians at Compiègne, on a early evening,
hiding behind a small hill and waiting for her.
It was too easy !
They were advised !
The ''entrapment set-up'' was orchestrated by someone else, not the Burgundians.
Guillaume de Flavy had a famous uncle.....
@@knightowl3577
...the beginning of your comment makes sense... yet, which French ?
Jehanne la Pucelle was not tried by a French Church and by French priests.
It was the Church of Normandy which was under the control of the English Aristocracy....
this is different !
Shame on Shakespeare... No soul he had
What hypocrisy to lay the responsibility for burning her at the stake on the civil power! The church pretended merely to 'abandon' its victims to that power.
Now, probably all ppl who took part in burning Joan must be burning in hell for eternity.
It is said that her hart remained fresh, intact and pumping after she was burnt on the stake
I heard it grew legs and ran off to join the circus
This is alot of, we are all good guys, smart and perfect. She, she is just bad! But we're really good. Sounds like the same type of grift that every politician lays down.
This is a very long run on.
Poor Joan. Her execution was purely politically motivated. Whatever the truth of her visions and her voices, she was earnestly devout and wanted nothing but the best for her people, however that was conceived at the time.
Good grief. Tell us how you really feel...
This! This is wordsmithing.
this dude was full of crap
Well we can all feel better that if there is a 'god' & justice those condemning people to death for heresy are burning in hell while their victims are in heaven.
Aren't the english establishment (note I say establishment not the sheeple) lovely, just look back through history to see their other selfless acts of kindness like this crime.
You must not know that these events took place in France lol... any other wisdom you'd like to share?
And at that time the nobility of England wasn’t English but Anglo-Norman, so basically French
For those who are interested--Marina Warner's, "Joan of Arc the Image of Female Heroism" is still in print.
According to Warner, Joan became confused after repeated interrogations and her story began to change. She became evasive with her captors when they quizzed her on her powers of persuasion over Charles VII. Joan had auditory and visual hallucinations that her judges found mysterious. She believed her visions to be divinely inspired but her interrogators thought otherwise. She later denied hearing the voices of angels thus contributing to the perception she was committing perjury and therefore a heretic.There's much that we don't know because the investigations were conducted in closed sessions.
Apart from the church, the English circulated rumors that Joan was a whore and possibly pregnant. There are stories that Joan was raped by her prison guards. In 1570 French historian Girard du Haillan slandered her memory by insisting she was the mistress of John, Bastard of Orleans.He went on to name a few other Frenchmen who had sex with Joan. Shakespeare took the view that, "No longer on St. Denis will we cry, But Joan la Pucelle shall be France's saint."
@@classicmoments9433
Because she was at the House of Braine !
( La Maison de Braine )
I like to hear these uplifting speeches before I go to sleep. It feels like.... justice.
St Joan NEVER confessed to heresy nor allowed the corrupt clergy to force her to go Against God. She was a true warrior of Crist, how many 19 yrs can do that now? All who falsely accused her and sent her to death are doing the chicken little in Hell. St Joan of Arc Ora Pro Nobis.
If you're wandering about what precisely is he talking about, it goes like this: They forcefully removed her clothes and left her with a male's pants so she put it on.
That's it.
Chilling
Let every man be a liar... but let God be true.
The Holy Spirit is the Judge of her innocence, as this Self Same Church, hath declared her Saint in Its Repentance for the sins of the fathers who judged her in error, when it was they who were of the deceitful tongue for the purposes of political expediency and the approval of one another, rather than Almighty G0D.
Politics is the Devil and Self-justification the Banner which is the heresy, methinks. But what do I know? Way past my pay grade, undoubtedly.
I thought she was executed by the British?
She was
It must have appeared as if she were schizophrenic which at that time seemed possessed and the audacity to redirect a war or an army was too far. She agreed to change but could not and repeated the offense so they sentenced her. I like HER VERSION MORE, and history seems to remember her side, so maybe truth got the last word or just a fascinating version of it.
a just judgement this is not
The person that was burned at the steak wad not Joan... She was spirited away through the church's underground... A fight ensued inside the church's upper echelon killing a bishop in the process...
@The NIFB Jesus I was thier. Was part of the escape. I was the one who killed the bishop. Pushed him off a cat walk fought several guards in the process... All i can remember. Obviously from a prior life...
@The NIFB Jesus actually there is some historical accounts the church is the one that one so they wrote what happened
@The NIFB Jesus Go to duckduckgo type in joan of arc escape...
Nifb, you’re aiming in the wrong direction
aint you glad you where born in the last 50 years and not some other time it only gets worse the further you go back
Saint Joan of Arc
Religion has done many great deeds across the history of humanity.
This, however, was not one of them.
Attributing this to religion is similar to attributing German and Japanese "experiments" during WW2 to science
The maiden
of Orleans, should have died in battle
If one cares to believe, God had put her in place, for such a time as this.
Dean Buss , The Most High did not do that to Joan! Man did that to Joan.
What would Jesus say to these pious gas bags?
That was handy 🦆🌞
These priests make me very angry. So, here's a little avian thing for em. Who's with me.
What exactly were her crimes?
She led a rebellion and army and claimed god commanded her, even today she would have been sectioned at the least 🤣
She freed the people of France from England’s tyranny and gave them back their true legitimate king, so when the Burgundians
captured her and delivered her to the Anglo-Normans, the latter chose to force her to confess false crimes in order to shadow her legendary purity and thus destroying her myth, but they didn’t not succeed and 30 years later, the pope of Rome himself decided to annul the judgment held against her, and to reorganize one, in which she was declared innocent.
Fire and Blood
True legitimate king?
You mean “the most high?”
@naka This is incorrect.
Jehanne la Pucelle didn't start a war !
The hundred years war had already started in 1337 , to last until 1453.
Jehanne la Pucelle was born in 1407, died in 1431.
Furthermore, the English were still in Normandy for another 20 years
after her death.
Nothing to do with diplomatic relations !
It was only a struggle for the Crown !
The English had a serious option, the Valois Royal House refused.
Jehanne la Pucelle was NOT a Warlord.
A warlord is a person who control the military, domestic, political situation
without a central government.
Yolande d'Anjou was the mastermind, she was the one who was doing all the
''controlling'' !
Jehanne la Pucelle was NOT a saint during her lifetime.
She became a saint only in 1920 !
( History books could be helpful...)
@naka the war was going on for a hundred years! She didn’t start it! Second, according to accounts from members of her village, she helped the poor and anyone who needed it
oh man. i felt that. hard.
Never got to see Joan bashing on the hussites
Mercy and being merciful are the biggest ornaments of a truly religious person or as a matter of fact of any religion. What these so called upholders of religion did to a God fearing person reminded me ironically of the same deed(crucifixion) done to the great martyr a century ago,by the same so called upholders of religion type of priests that time belonging to another religion. So Ironical it is that the mankind never learns from the lessons taught by the life of these martyrs..
Today the church opposes the death sentence and killing anyone including mercy killing by 'doctors ' or before the person is born.
But... I didn't hear the part of burning her. Did I miss it?
I did hear something about mutilating the limbs...
She was murdered by the English and is the Patron(ess) Saint of France: never has another 17 year old girl been the COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF FRANCE, by the kings orders.
And the Catholic Church Canonized her a saint.
She did not command army. She was more like a living banner or holy relic, raising the moral of the men.
@@solwen
The moral of Charles's army and mercenaries was ''raised'' by the huge amount of supplies which was delivered to Orléans, before the attack.
Yolande d'Anjou, paid for Charles's army, the mercenaries and all the supplies.
Also , please remember, the arrival of the Scottish troops made a difference.
A total of 12,000 to 15.000 Scottish troops...were on French soil,
during the Hundred Year War...they played a major role.
Jehanne la Pucelle was in command of part of the army, to defeat and arrest Franquet d'Arras ! Charles VII had tried to capture d'Arras, however , he was not successful.
She was not a ''holy relic'' !!!
She was not a 17 year old ''girl'' !
She was a woman.
How horrific!
She reignited a war that had already been settled at the treaty of Orleans, the French king & his ministers had agreed that Henry V son was the rightful heir to the throne
The French people did not find the terms and conditions to be acceptable. The people but needed a courageous and inspired leader.
@@karlk9316 who cares what these garlic reeking fools wanted, they should do as their king says
She freed the people of France from England’s tyranny and gave them back their true legitimate king, so when the Burgundians captured her and delivered her to the Anglo-Normans, the latter chose to force her to confess false crimes in order to shadow her legendary purity and thus destroying her myth, but they didn’t not succeed and 30 years later, the pope of Rome himself decided to annul the judgment held against her, and to reorganize one, in which she was declared innocent. Sorry you guys, but Joan did kick your ass out of our sacred land, and gave us back what was ours since the baptism of Clovis our first king.
Heroes never really die. Vive la France.
St. Jean d'arc pray for us and pray for the conversion of France
Oh my pupil-less bishop, there it is!
I always knew things about her without being told. I feel like I was her
Sounds reasonable.
St. Jeanne is an interesting figure of history. A girl so young that suddenly shows up to motivate the king to continue the war effort against the English, claiming to be herself motivated by nationalism and faith. Is it likely that she was?
There are rarely any women (let alone girls) that engage in warfare willingly - in most instances that they do, they pick up arms only when they realise that they are literarily all that still stands between the an enemy that likely won't show mercy and the children and the elderly. And even cases like this are rare.
Maybe Jeanne was the extraordinary extremist that she claimed to be.
Maybe she was the Greta Thunberg of her age - a girl that plays the part, acting as the figurehead of a sentiment and a symbol of a cause, controlled by political players. The French saw her as a symbol though, and when it didn't seem opportune anymore to wage war against the English, they needed to get rid of the girl they had claimed she saw St. Mary tell her to drive the English into the sea. And the only way you can discredit this is by claiming her to be a liar - and those that lie about matters like this ... yeah. So in the end St. Jeannes death was a logical consequence of this peace between England and France, I guess.
Note: I'm not aiming to insult St. Jeanne. I don't know, maybe she did see Mary. I wasn't there ...
Hypocrites !!! 😕
Yes. They taught power thirsty people how to manipulate and control using religion. Today, the legacy continues, even though the Catholic Church no longer exerts the same pressure on people. Now it's like to come from one's family, not a priest.
@@gaslitworldf.melissab2897 The Catholic church is an Antichrist church, they did many evil things, killed many saints, and still do this
“So sayeth the judges from CNN, and the righteous Bette Midler. As we serve our over lord George Soros”.
Those words from inquisition really could be from media or twitter world
Spontaneous confessions? Id have a bunch of spontaneous confessions to stretched out on the rack getting a beat down for days on end.
The concept of heresy is basically the attempt at thought control by the established Church.
3:08 i think that may be an error , i doubt they have any knowledge about viruses at the time or even use that term at all
We reuse words all of the time, expanding on their use in order to describe the world around us.
vi·rus
/ˈvīrəs/
Origin late Middle English (denoting the venom of a snake): from Latin, literally ‘slimy liquid, poison’. The earlier medical sense, superseded by the current use as a result of improved scientific understanding, was ‘a substance produced in the body as the result of disease, especially one capable of infecting others’.
What punishment is served to those who are pedophiles?
15th-century cancel culture
Politics baby, you ready for your heat bath yet?
DOG RETURNS TO ITS VOMIT OMG WHAT
"...vomit..."
Me: this is surprisingly vulgar...
The church was the SJW of that time
Though shalt not murder. The church evil.
And just like that, the catholic faith was restored and rooted out the weeds of evil. A saint was born.
She was sentenced not by the English but by the French Catholic Christian bishops .
She had it coming .
Quick search on Wikipedia:
Joan of Arc was a young French woman who said she had been sent to help Charles VII during the Hundred Years' War, which led to her capture by the English-allied Burgundians during the siege of Compiègne in 1430, followed by a trial and execution conducted by a pro-English church court overseen by English commanders at Rouen, Normandy in 1431. The court found her guilty of heresy and she was burned at the stake. The trial verdict was later reversed on appeal by Jean Bréhal, the Inquisitor-General in 1456, thereby completely exonerating her.
I must add, if she were judged by the Inquisition, this wouldn't have happened. It was safer to be judged by the Inquisition, than by organism with a lot of secular powers influence. Worst was being judged by secular powers itself.
The Inquisition had a lot of procedures which prevented abuses and injustice in the judgmenet. Those procedures weren't done in the trial of Joan, because it was a political move done by corrupt laymen and clergymen, influenced by strong secular powers.
That's why it was the Inquisition itself that found out the trial was nonsense when they were able to revision it. They found out that a great injustice was perpetrated and that a lot of let's say rights and procedures weren't fulfilled.
@@galenusv7831 Thank you for this comment. A quote from Jean Le Maistre: "Je vois que si l'on agit pas selon la volonté des Anglais, c'est la mort qui menace." "I see that if we do not act according to the will of the English, death will threaten us." But could you please elaborate on what exactly the 'strong secular powers' were that you refer to ?
She was condemn by a Bishop sold out to the British. Catholic Church herself recognized the nullity of the trial.