Genetic Engineering (जीनी इंजीनियरिंग)| Genetic Engineering in hindi | biology science sk

आनुवंशिक अभियान्त्रिकी या जैनेटिक इन्जीनियरिंग (Genetic Engineering)- वैज्ञानिकों द्वारा DNA या आनुवंशिक पदार्थ की संरचना में आवश्यकतानुसार हेरफेर करने को जीन मेनीपुलेशन (gene manipulation) या आनुवंशिक अभियान्त्रिकी (genetic engineering) कहते हैं। आनुवंशिक पदार्थ का कत्रिम सश्लषण (artificial synthesis), दो अलग-अलग जीनों के DNA पृथक करना DNA बनाना. DNA की मरम्मत, DNA से कुछ न्यूक्लिओटाइड को हटाकर, जोड़कर या विस्थापित करके इच्छित संरचना वाले नये DNA अणुओं का संश्लेषण करके जीवधारिया में इच्छित गुणों का समावेश करना आनुवंशिक अभियान्त्रिकी का ध्येय है। आनवंशिकी की यह शाखा अभी अपने शैशव काल में है। उम्मीद की जाती है कि इस विधि के द्वारा आनुवंशिक वैज्ञानिक (Geneticists) जीन की संरचना में सुधार करक अथवा विकृत जीन को सामान्य जीन द्वारा विस्थापित करके आनुवंशिक रोगों से मानव जाति को मुक्ति दिला सकेंगे, अथवा मानव द्वारा उपयोग में आने वाले पादपों व जन्तुओं की नस्लों का सुधार कर सकेंगे।
आनुवंशिक अभियान्त्रिकी को पुनर्सयोजन DNA तकनीकी (recombinant DNA technology) भी कहते हैं क्योकि इसमें दो अलग-अलग स्रोतों से लिए गये DNA को जोड़कर नया DNA बनाया जाता है और बैक्टीरिया में पहुँचाकर इसकी अनेकों प्रतिलिपियाँ तैयार की जाती हैं। इस प्रकार दो अलग-अलग स्रोत के DNA खण्डों के जुड़ने से बने DNA को पुनर्सयोजित
DNA कहते हैं और इनके जुड़ने की प्रक्रिया को पुनर्सयोजन या रिकम्बिनेशन (recombination) कहते हैं।
#Biotechnology #jaivpraudyogiki #जैवप्रौद्योगिकी #recombinantdna

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