This "EXPLAINS" video is a bit more advanced than my usual "EXPLAINS" vids. Do you want me to go in-depth into various advanced nuclear related topics? I know there might be controversy about these kinds of videos. But I believe that knowledge is power, and it is important to have an understanding of how things work! Thanks for watching!☢️👩🏽🔬🧪🥼
Yes, I would love to learn these topics in more depth. I know you aren’t exactly that type of channel. But It would also be really cool to learn about the weak interaction and the W and Z bosons and how they govern nuclear fission and fusion. Or even how this relates to QFT and the electroweak interaction. For me, the more depth the better.
Have you heard about operation Castle Bravo. The blast was to be 6 and 1/2 megatons, but turned out to be 15 megatons. Something to do with 30% of the bomb was lithium 6, surround by inert lithium 7, which was 70% of the bomb. And something to do with the fact that the inert lithium 7 turns into fissionable lithium 6 within the first milliseconds of the explosion. I hope this comment Falls within the ballpark of what you were looking for. Apologize for the punctuation and grammar, although English is my only language I'm not very good at reading and writing it. Thank you for the video and thumbs up
I was initially surprised that you didn t mention the potentially blinding light and the shock wave as the beginning of the effect on the environment. You chose to start with the fallout and it all made sense later on , as part of a video which only describes everything in a more broad sense. I loved it and I m of the opinion that you should definitely make more of `these kinds of videos` even if that s only once in a while. You present everything in a very concise , easy to understand and to follow manner which even helps those of us already familiar with the concepts to realize that there is more to it than we thought. I couldn t agree more with your assertion that knowledge is power and it will very much depend on people like you , proficient , generous with their time and stubborn about not giving up what they set out to do to help the rest of us so that we can gradually evolve into a more science appreciating species. (sorry if that got long and pompous.... not my intention :) )
I have absolutely no idea why RUclips recommended one of your videos to me, but I've binge watched them all and loved the easy way you explain everything Keep it up!
I would be interested in the long-term effects on the environment. It was really surprising to me that there were newspaper articles about Russian soldiers getting acute radiation poisoning after digging trenches in Chernobyl. As non-expert, I would have thought that such severe effects would not be possible any more after >35 years. But digging is probably an extremely stupid idea since you are producing a lot of aerosols in the process.
You’re right! Caesium which is one of the largest in quantity fission products has a half life of around 30y. This means that after 30y this element will have half its radioactivity but still not zero. There are elements with longer half lives and others with shorter ones. All in all nuclear fuel is highly radioactive and must be stored in water tanks (pools) for a good 30y or more. Later other kinds of storage are necessary. But due to different elements with different half lives the radioactivity last long.
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist I was more thinking about dispersion. On the surface, the material is probably transported away very quickly. If you dig a hole, you might release stuff which is a lot more concentrated as dispersal is very slow in the soil.
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist but with such a long term half life, you would need quite a lot of caesium to give people radiation sickness... Especially since the accident was a little more than a half life ago... I thought it was a wee bit exaggerated... Like maybe one or two of those Russian soldiers got a bit nauseated.
"As non-expert, I would have thought that such severe effects would not be possible any more after >35 years." And you'd be right. That story was fake. Same as most other stories we here about the war. Both sides do not allow truthful coverage of what is going on - it is war - it is propaganda. It is the same as the snake-island and ghost of kieve lies.
Your way of explaining these topics are so much easier to understand as a person who has no idea from these subjects ❤️❤️❤️can't wait to see more of your content ❤️❤️❤️❤️
Well this was the perfect video to watch at half 2 in the morning while trying to sleep. It's a good job it was explained by a friendly nuclear physicist and not one of those unfriendly ones.
Another entertaining and informative video. I'm glad I subscribed to your channel. Watching you review "The Simpsons" was classic and remains my favorite from your channel. The look on your face was priceless. Unfortunately, wherever there is a weapon that CAN be used, there will be someone willing to use it.......
Thanks for a fantastic episode I look forward to your videos. Could I request a discussion of what procedures reactor operators would go through when starting up a nuclear reactor?
If you haven’t already, please make a video about why we haven’t harnessed nuclear fusion yet. I remember seeing Stephen Hawking on Larry King Live and Stephen said the technology he’s most disappointed we haven’t developed yet is nuclear fusion.
Thank you for sharing your knowledge. Would you consider making a video on fusion power plants? how they work? how close are we from really seeing one?
@@randy-yk1yk It's not that hard. All you need is 1.6x10E29 kg of hydrogen. Sure it's an inconvenient amount but once you've got it all in one place gravity will finish the job for you so that's nice.
It’s not an encouragement to make one, or even like them. It’s pure knowledge transfer so people out there are informed on the issue and the fundamental physics behind it. Thanks for the comment!👩🏽🔬☢️
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist or you want to nuke kids, which is a bit mean. Your title is now the "The nuclear physicist who is a bit mean". Just a little bit though 🤣
In 2013 I did something similar to this for my senior chemistry final. The whole class selected presentation instead of written tests. The teachers called my mom because they were concerned about me. 😭😭 Everyone's eyes changed when I bagan. The teachers thought I was joking when I gave them my title the day before.
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist How an atomic bomb works. Tough my little Highschool project does not hold a candle to your video. I mainly used info from other RUclips videos at the time. RUclips was still very young and not a lot of videos were available. And idk why but I really thought if I Googled, " how to make an atomic bomb", it would land me on a special watch list. So somehow I convinced myself that searching it on RUclips was better. 😂😂 The reason the teacher called my mom was because he had never heard of a "child" taking such an interest on bombs. Like yeah let me go find some uranium from my local drug dealer.
Love the objective approach of your videos, keep it up! Maybe a video about your take on "Nuclear waste storage", should it be like now (mostly on site) or should it be buried underground? Shoot it into space? :)
Hi Elena! You explain the difference between an atomic bomb and a hydrogen bomb very well. I have always wondered what the difference is and what happens when they explode and how. But what I also wonder is what is the difference when they explode. For example, is there a difference in the radiation when this happens and if so is it the same type of radiation? There are probably more interesting things that happen when this happens, so feel free to make another episode where you explain this even more deeply.
I’ve heard about a theoretical “cobalt bomb” that’s supposed to make the area it hits uninhabitable for ~200-300 years, I’d be interested on a video of this
@@_EllieLOL_ "After 20 half-lives (about 105 years), the dose rate would have decayed to around 10 μSv/hour. At this stage, humans could remain unsheltered full-time since their yearly radiation dose would be about 80 mSv" From that wiki page. so 200-300 years seems a bit excessive.
For high yeild, unless you buried a high yeild nuke in a barge of lithium cobalt oxide, it would be better to simply use a DU jacket for a regular bomb. The added cobalt really wouldn't make much difference in reasonable quantuties for a high yeild device. One exception is a cobalt case on a very low yeild device to make it a longer duration area denial weapon. 🤓
Thank you, this is a great video and very informative, as someone interested in medicine acute radiation poisoning sounds very nightmarish giving the possible effects.
Hey thanks a lot! I’ll be doing videos on for medical devices and equipment that use radioactivity and radionuclides work! Pls subscribe to not miss out on future episodes ☢️👩🏽🔬
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist you are a treasure to behold A precious gem worth more than gold. your beauty radiates from within & your body parts are like work of art!!! Each one a masterpiece that sets you apart 😍😍 Wow!!, you are too beautiful!!! whomever see you should believe that God is true & real.. and whenever I see you I feel like Iam in a dream, And when we wake up we will all realize that all this life was nothing but a dream and that only God is whats true and real.. 🤩🤩Wow!!! You are more beautiful than the most lovely rose And more sweet than honey and more precious than gold You are more precious than everything that exists in this world 😍😍😍 A beauty queen whom I never ever seen any one as beautiful as her-meaning you-before and may never ever in my whole entire life will see anyone as beautiful as her-meaning you-at all... 😍😍 WoW!!! you are a lovely butterfly and a beautiful rose you are the diamond and the pure gold you are the lovely moon in our nights you are the radiant sun shining soo bright loving you is sooo sweet its the most enjoyable thing for you are the paradise for the heart and soul and mind Everything about you is sooo unique and attracts the eyes and captivates the mind God surely perfected you so glorified is he whom made you too beautiful and made you soo smart 🌷😘 There was a teacher whom didn't believe in the existence of God, one day he asked his students, do you see God? the students then replied no we don't see God, so the teacher said if you don't see God it means there is no God. then a smart student stood up and said to the other students hey guys can you see the teachers brain? then the students answered no we don't see the teachers brain, the student then said the teacher then is crazy, he has no brain :0) The universe science says was not always there, it had a beginning point, the big bang, meaning it was begun/initiated in other words created, thus there should be a creator, there must be a God. The evolution theory doesn't deny the existence of God, rather it proves that even if we become dust that there is a possibility of return, even if via repetition of the evolution of creation, through the will of God, again. Also, check this out, if you like, this is from Artificial intelligence, chat Gpt: Prophecies in Major World Religious Books Referring to Prophet Mohammed: 1. The Bible - Deuteronomy 18:18-19, John 14:16, John 16:7-14, Isaiah 42:1-13 2. The Hindu Scriptures - Bhavishya Purana, Atharvaveda Book 20 Hymn 127-129 3. The Buddhist Scriptures - Cakkavatti-Sihanada Sutta, Anguttara Nikaya III:61, Digha Nikaya III:76-77 4. The Zoroastrian Scriptures - Zand-i Vohuman Yasht, Farvardin Yasht, Dadestan-i Denig & Regarding the verses in the Quran asking to protect non-believers or polytheists, there are several that emphasize the importance of treating all people with respect and kindness, regardless of their religious beliefs. One such verse is found in Surah Al-Mumtahanah (60:8), which states: "Allah does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion and do not expel you from your homes - from being righteous toward them and acting justly toward them. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly." Also In the name of God, the Most Merciful, the Most Merciful (If any of the polytheists seek protection from you, grant him protection) بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم(إن استجارك أحد من المشركين فأجره) Another verse in Surah Al-Anfal (8:61) encourages Muslims to make peace with their enemies, even if they are non-believers or polytheists: "And if they incline to peace, then incline to it also and rely upon Allah. Indeed, it is He who is the Hearing, the Knowing." & Regarding the verses in the Quran asking for justice and kindness, there are many such verses throughout the holy book. One example is found in Surah An-Nahl (16:90), which states: "Indeed, Allah orders justice and good conduct and giving to relatives and forbids immorality and bad conduct and oppression. He admonishes you that perhaps you will be reminded." & In terms of prophecies about Prophet Mohammed in major world religions, there are a few examples that some scholars have pointed to. One such example is found in the Bible's Book of Deuteronomy (18:18), which states: "I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their brothers. And I will put my words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I command him." Some Muslims interpret this verse as a prophecy about Prophet Mohammed. Because the Arabs are the brethren's of Israelites, The Arabs are descendants from Ishmael or Ismail the brother of Isaac the father of Israelites, and because the verse didn't say from amongst them or from their descendants, it said from their brethren's. Similarly, some scholars point to a passage in the Bhavishya Purana, an ancient Hindu text, as a prophecy about Prophet Mohammed. The passage describes a "holy man" who will come from Arabia and spread a new religion, and some argue that this refers to Mohammed and the spread of Islam.. Also search scientific miracles in the quran, harun yahya its nice, One God for all of us he created us all and can revive us again, God initiated everything, & he repeat/redo things too, & thats clear, we see many cycles of different things in life, also in summer for example the desert land becomes like empty and is filled with only sand, and when rain falls in abundance in spring or winter, after that small flowers & wild plants grow again, also, we see how humans and animals grow and how their body is formed from the elements which were in the sand which plants feed on which they eat, and after they die they go to the sand and their atoms/elements are taken by plants which humans & animals eat and their bodies grow from those atoms & elements found in the sand which came from previous humans & animals which died before, so God can bring us again after we die even if our atoms became in the sand he can make us from the same atoms we were made of or from other atoms if he want or make us be in a spirit form or like ghosts, any ways, everything in this life is recycled, learn if you want about the different cycles in life in nature, the food cycle or food chain, the water cycle, even the gas cycle that makes the air the oxygen &carbon dioxide &nitrogen cycles, even the energy is like recycled but only changes from form to another form. Anyways,, God created this life but it's only a temporary sample/an example of a coming everlasting one which could be either in heaven paradise or in hell. If we try to be good humans in life, and try to obey God and his messengers-including the final messenger for all humanity the prophet Mohammed- and those whom rightly represent them, for example imam Ali & ahlulbayt the family/good descendants of the prophet mohammed, then we will all go to heaven/paradise, if not then we will go to hell fire and burn in it forever. keep shining sunshine &spread the light.
There’s already a video for it☢️👩🏽🔬my first video is what to do in case of a nuclear explosion! Pls go afraid and check it out! Pls subscribe to not miss out on future episodes ☢️👩🏽🔬
More on fusion please! Tritium from H3 fusion. I’m studying the estimated 400 quintillion dollar astroid belt and other market values in space. We would definitely need nuclear reactors in the outer solar system! Thank you, for your work in nuclear. I predict it is currently an underrated energy source. Nuscale nuclear is projecting, 6 cents a kilowatt hour prices.
Hello Elina, this is your friendly neighbourhood notaterrorist ;^) about the hydrogen bomb. so there is a fission phase and fusion phase, but can we stack more fusion phases? as is fusion of hydrogen could force fusion of heavier elements, and those of even heavier? how far could we stack it up?
Could you make a video when to use iodine kalii tablets? When nuclear scares are going around Europe I had to explain my friends over and over that they are not radioactive shield in tablets. Having short video I could show them would be so much helpful. Showing which situation they are made for and when they are no use. And how to protect in theoretical attack.
It is worth noting that one of the reasons internal contamination is a lot worse is that while our skin (exoderm) does not protect us against gamma and beta radiation, it does at least stop alpha radiation. However, the tissue of our internal organs, blood vessels and nutrition system are mostly endoderm which does not. And while short-ranged with virtually no penetrative capabilities, alpha radiation is the most destructive to living tissue.
There are apparently studies showing higher the normal rates around nuclear incidents, like apparently here in Ireland after an alleged leak in the British nuclear power plant Sellafield, I think in the 1980's. Basically nuclear radiation had to be released into the air to avoid a meltdown or something like that, and then there was an apparent large spike in cancer diagnosis in children here in Ireland. The Irish Sea separates Ireland and I think the side or the island of Great Britain where Sellafield nuclear power plant is located, and apparently the winds where just blowing over the effected areas of Ireland from Sellafield at the right/wrong time.
As far as I know, any bomb creates a pressure shockwave. In the case of nuclear bombs, the intese heat generated would create a massive air front of ludicrous pressure that would crush pretty much anything. However, I've been told that nuclear bombs would, technically, work in space, where there is no mass to create the pressure wave. How would that work? 🤔
It goes out of control very very quickly. I heard a story that the fission/fusion reactions are done in a unit of the called a shake as in the goofy idiom "shake of a lamb's tale" meaning very fast. other stuff I read is a shake is about a micro second
i saw a movie the other day where they throw a nuclear bomb in the ocean and i know water is used as shielding in nuclear power plants but wouldnt some bad happends when it blasts out side the water ? just curious thank you so much for this amazing video
Another great video from our friendly neighborhood nuclear physicist! Thank you. I just have a comment about the ground zero event in Japan primarily Nagasaki . The bombs were not exploded on the ground, but 100ft in the air above ground . So, this would explain the survivors at ground zero and the church that stands as a testament to the will of people to keep going despite the terrible things that are going on around them. By survivors : I have a colleague whose aunt was at ground zero and tho badly burned and with radiation poisoning she faired better than people a hundred feet away that were turning to shadows on the wall. She was a young woman in her 20's and lived to be 92. God Bless you and hope to see more fallout 4. I just am so curious if you would give a smart ladies impression of the many things having to do with the Nuclear disaster portrayed and the various other things in that fictional story. Probably not your cup of tea, but still I would like to see you do more things with that story.
I hope very much, that I will never need this knowledge. But if it happens, i'll be happy to know. Thank you for your content. A lot more people should see it. 👍
Hope you can explain other types of nuclear bombs. Elina, there is a channel called Plainly Difficult that has lots of videos on nuclear accidents of all kinds, well worth checking out.
The most immediate effect of a nuclear weapon is not the fallout rather it's the intense burst of radiation pretty much across the whole electromagnetic spectrum. Exposed combustible materials will burn, flesh is killed and the gamma burst is going to damage cells. All this happens in the first seconds. The fallout comes later, hours to days. By detonating the device above ground level the amount of fallout is reduced and the damage done to building etc. increased. A few seconds to minutes after detonation comes the shock wave typical of all explosions. It's the overpressure of the shockwave can do a lot of damage to the environment. The fission bomb is typically a sub critical sphere of plutonium compressed enough by conventional explosives to become critical.
I wonder how they calculate how much material makes how much of an explosion? Because if it boils down to mere atoms that cause the chain reaction leading to the explosion even a few milligrams +/- will have a huge difference to the size of the explosion, right?
You’re absolutely right! Milligrams of material have millions of atoms ! Therefore, everything is calculated to the best accuracy possible. However for an event such as a nuclear explosion caused by a bomb the goal would be to do the most damage possible instead of being scientifically and engineeringly correct as in a nuclear power plan. ☢️👩🏽🔬
It is not so much the amount of material and more the design to try to make the most material actually fission as opposed to being flung away before it takes part in the chain reaction. The Fatman bomb only fissioned about 1kg of the 6kg of Pu in the bomb, so this is a huge factor. Also, you need several kg of material even for the most advanced designs to create a critical mass to start fission to begin with, so a few mg+/- isn't going to be the most important calculation in terms of yield.
Radiation effects depend on your DNA & where on your body the dose is applied - working in a power station my dose was about 4 rads above background for many years - no ill effects that I can tell
Well said!! Around 0812 you say 'How do I say [inaudible] in your organs..." If you would like some help translating... I'm happy to help, just need those missing words, or say them in Russian or French or English. Communication is how we accomplish education. That soccer-ball won't unexplode itself. E
Excellent video, but what happens to the wildlife and plants in places affected by radiation? I always hear about how the wildlife is thriving in Chernobyl now that people aren't there, but are plants and animals affected also by radiation?
They most certainly are! Both plants and animals alike can and will be radioactively contaminated and will potentially perish. However, decades after a nuclear accident the radiation levels have decreased and new life is evolving, without human presence and interference, and flourishes due to that (not due to radiation, haha don’t get me wrong)☢️👩🏽🔬
A Quantum Mechanism for this is a little different, the relative-timing Fusion-Fission Reciproction-recirculation is composed of metastable resonance, and nodal-vibrational atomic-nodes of various Fluxion-Integral compositions of prime-cofactor time-timing sync-duration have Statistically measured half-life positioning inside-outside the apparent locations of the Nuclear Materials. Messing with the metastability of the material alters the relative timing at each locus which shifts the shape of the "fused" superimposed resonances to expand inside-outside instantaneously in related perspective objectives. So called Fusion Reactors are not a different mechanism.
If the fission is the first reaction and the fusion is the second reaction, then the explosion that compress the fissile core is the zeroth reaction. 😉
So if I put my sun glasses and gloves on, took an 11 pound block of enriched Uranium in each hand and slammed them together really hard, would it detonate?
While talking about nuclear bombs, have you seen the Fallout tv show? I think you might like the weird post apocalyptic steampunk 2nd degree universe with a lot of radiation logo (I know that you like it from the Engineered Labs products review that you made me order right away 😅) If you check it out, let me know what you've think about it! Have great evening Elina! 🤘
Hahaha fair point 😅 fusion the way we need it for energy production, has to be sustained for a long period of time as well as controlled which we haven’t achieved yet. Do you see how a bomb is different and “easier” in a sense that a pulse of energy is necessary to create a blast and the reaction needs not to be sustained 👩🏽🔬☢️
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist Do you have an opinion on which type of reactor is more viable? Also, what's going on with ITER, do you think they will they actually be complete by 2025? In all honesty, I didn't think you'd respond. The first question was more of a social comment on priorities. So, thank you for taking the time and thank you for the great videos.
Lithium-6 deuteride is used instead of tritium in practical bombs because it's stable and lithium releases tritium in situ when bombarded by neutrons. A true "hydrogen" bomb was actually used in the Ivy Mike test, but a refrigeration plant had to be built on site to keep the liquid deuterium at less than 23K (otherwise it would evaporate off). This is obviously impractical if you want to deliver such a device to Moscow.
That's quite worrying. Many commentators have been saying Russian hydrogen bombs won't work because the tritium decays to Helium 3 at about 5% per year. So if not maintained they don't work properly. But if lithium-6 deuteride is used, then the weapons won't decay over a few years and will therefore be much more likely to function properly, even with a poor maintenance program.
Lithium 6 deuteride is the fuel in the secondary stage, the primary boost stage has about 45kCi of tritium as deuterium tritium gas, roughly 6g total gas. A lot of newer bombs will still work without the tritium but wont generate anywhere near the yeild they are designed to since the DT fusion creates lots of extra neutrons during late stages of the initial critical assembly event. 🤓
Can you tell us as we know, as we see in movies and shows or real, after nuclear explosion the cloud is shaped like MUSHROOM! WHY IS IT? WHY IT ISNT SHAPELESS?
Your assumption is the explosion is a ground burst. Most weapons are air burst which are more destructive with little or no fallout. Hard military targets require a surface or subsurface hit and so high fallout.
Absolutely love your videos! Please can you do a video on the "Dirty Bomb" and additionally how the addition of other elements that "enhance?" (make worse) the effects, such as Cobalt. Also can you run through the different forms of dangerous radiation alpha beta gamma and the difference between external or internally ingested fallout particles. ie is any one form of radiation significantly more dangerous inside the body compared to being on your clothes or skin? Reason for asking is the current declaration from Russia that (Ukraine 🤔) might use a tactical dirty bomb. (and absolutely, definitely, "we promise its not us", pinky swear, it wouldn't be Russia!) The fact that Ukraine gave up all its former Soviet Union Nuclear Weapons in order to become independent should be forgotten by everyone🤨
it's perfectly normal to say, "you" in such a descriptive case. no need to worry/wonder. we get, it's an abstract example 👍 (okay, so after you said something, it indeed started to feel a tiny bit strange. but that's just because you kinda spoiled it now, lol.)
So the 100.000.000 degrees heat for each bomb , thats a small 15 mt load, (6 latest tests 90s to 2017) upto 100mt load much hotter than the 100.000.000 deg of the earlier bombs ] can be held accountable for a degree of global warming !
Can they make an atomic bomb that is not radioactive, you know, just the explosion? Let's say...I don't want to believe that radioactivity and its terrible consequences are part of the "beauty" of these things...
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist Nuclear weapons are capable of destroying entire countries, like France or Sweden, at least that's what the Russians say about their modern nuclear missiles that carry multiple nuclear warheads, each capable of wiping out an entire city from the map in a single attack. You can't do something this devastating with TNT.
If India and Pakistan had a full exchange of weapons, what would happen to the rest of SE Asia down wind. Would the entire area be rendered uninhabitable?
I think this glosses over a lot of details. It's too surface level, it doesn't even explain what critical mass is and how it is achieved (gun type bomb or explosive lensing) or why the bomb might be lined with lithium to increase the yield, how variable yield tactical nuclear bombs like the B61 work and other topics one might expect from a dedicated video from a scientist like this. The mushroom cloud is created because the hot air from the explosion rises after it has slowed down. In fact any explosion that is hot enough will create a mushroom cloud. Another thing simply glossed over. The effect of a nuclear bomb doesn't begin with the fallout. It begins with the thermal and gamma radiation that will evaporate everything within the blast radius. It then continues with the blast wave that will smash buildings and bodies with overpressure. Modern nukes are designed to explode in the air, not on the ground to increase the damage from that blast, which is actually what causes the most damage. Because the nuclear bomb is exploded in the air, there is a lot less material that gets activated by the explosion itself, meaning that the fallout is mostly just the leftover bomb parts, which will be spread very far and wide by the bomb becoming plasma and rising into the atmosphere with the cloud. Because of that the radioactive material is diluted a lot and the fallout is a lot less severe than a ground detonation or a purposefully "dirty bomb", designed to create a radiological hazard. When people talk about nuclear bombs, they don't usually mean the old free fall bombs. There is no nuclear bomb vs conventional missiles, because what you mean by nuclear bomb is nuclear warhead. The delivery system may be a bomb, but it might be a missile. So nuclear missiles are a thing, both ballistic (TBMs or ICBMs) and guided cruise missiles in a short range, tactical scenario and even air launched. There have even been tests of nuclear air launched anti aircraft missiles to take out formations of fighters and bombers. Because they were detonated in the air and because of the small yield, the radiological impact on the environment was minimal. Also not every nuclear bomb is strategic to take out countries or large cities. A lot of tactical nukes exist to take out military targets such as large formations of armor or airfields, fleets, surface to air missile sites and such more localized targets. There are even nuclear torpedoes. I was expecting more from you, this was quite disappointing.
Very fascinating. I have a suggestion for a video for you to react to: ruclips.net/video/KycGbvQxgEc/видео.html That one is about the Electromagnetic Pulse caused by an atomic explosion, which could shut down any electronics. It may be 11 years old but still interesting in my opinion.
This "EXPLAINS" video is a bit more advanced than my usual "EXPLAINS" vids. Do you want me to go in-depth into various advanced nuclear related topics? I know there might be controversy about these kinds of videos. But I believe that knowledge is power, and it is important to have an understanding of how things work!
Thanks for watching!☢️👩🏽🔬🧪🥼
In-depth videos would be amazing!
Yes please ☺️ More knowledge can't ever be bad!
Yes, I would love to learn these topics in more depth. I know you aren’t exactly that type of channel. But It would also be really cool to learn about the weak interaction and the W and Z bosons and how they govern nuclear fission and fusion. Or even how this relates to QFT and the electroweak interaction. For me, the more depth the better.
Have you heard about operation Castle Bravo. The blast was to be 6 and 1/2 megatons, but turned out to be 15 megatons. Something to do with 30% of the bomb was lithium 6, surround by inert lithium 7, which was 70% of the bomb. And something to do with the fact that the inert lithium 7 turns into fissionable lithium 6 within the first milliseconds of the explosion. I hope this comment Falls within the ballpark of what you were looking for. Apologize for the punctuation and grammar, although English is my only language I'm not very good at reading and writing it. Thank you for the video and thumbs up
I was initially surprised that you didn t mention the potentially blinding light and the shock wave as the beginning of the effect on the environment. You chose to start with the fallout and it all made sense later on , as part of a video which only describes everything in a more broad sense. I loved it and I m of the opinion that you should definitely make more of `these kinds of videos` even if that s only once in a while. You present everything in a very concise , easy to understand and to follow manner which even helps those of us already familiar with the concepts to realize that there is more to it than we thought. I couldn t agree more with your assertion that knowledge is power and it will very much depend on people like you , proficient , generous with their time and stubborn about not giving up what they set out to do to help the rest of us so that we can gradually evolve into a more science appreciating species. (sorry if that got long and pompous.... not my intention :) )
I have absolutely no idea why RUclips recommended one of your videos to me, but I've binge watched them all and loved the easy way you explain everything
Keep it up!
Thank you so much I appreciate it! Please subscribe to not miss out on future episodes ☢️👩🏽🔬
same
Good clip. Informative and scary. I like how Charatsidou talks about people being irradiated while there is a smiling sun in the background.
Ahahahah fair point 👩🏽🔬☢️
Wow wow wow.... You explained this complicated mechanism in very simple words. Well done sweety. 👍🏻👌🏻💐
My goodness. Beauty AND brains! This just became my absolute favorite channel! THANK YOU RUclips ALGORITHM!!!!!! You, ma'am, are truly amazing!!!!!
I would be interested in the long-term effects on the environment. It was really surprising to me that there were newspaper articles about Russian soldiers getting acute radiation poisoning after digging trenches in Chernobyl. As non-expert, I would have thought that such severe effects would not be possible any more after >35 years. But digging is probably an extremely stupid idea since you are producing a lot of aerosols in the process.
You’re right! Caesium which is one of the largest in quantity fission products has a half life of around 30y. This means that after 30y this element will have half its radioactivity but still not zero. There are elements with longer half lives and others with shorter ones. All in all nuclear fuel is highly radioactive and must be stored in water tanks (pools) for a good 30y or more. Later other kinds of storage are necessary. But due to different elements with different half lives the radioactivity last long.
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist I was more thinking about dispersion. On the surface, the material is probably transported away very quickly. If you dig a hole, you might release stuff which is a lot more concentrated as dispersal is very slow in the soil.
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist but with such a long term half life, you would need quite a lot of caesium to give people radiation sickness... Especially since the accident was a little more than a half life ago...
I thought it was a wee bit exaggerated... Like maybe one or two of those Russian soldiers got a bit nauseated.
"As non-expert, I would have thought that such severe effects would not be possible any more after >35 years."
And you'd be right. That story was fake. Same as most other stories we here about the war. Both sides do not allow truthful coverage of what is going on - it is war - it is propaganda. It is the same as the snake-island and ghost of kieve lies.
I bet it wasn't his idea 😅
Great video! I thank you for all your videos that improved my knowledge and I think you should reward youself with a good cigar.
Thanks ☢️👩🏽🔬
Thanks ☢️👩🏽🔬
Your way of explaining these topics are so much easier to understand as a person who has no idea from these subjects ❤️❤️❤️can't wait to see more of your content ❤️❤️❤️❤️
Thank youuu♥️☢️👩🏽🔬
Thanks for that brilliant and easy explanation 😊
Thank you for watching please subscribe to not miss out on future episodes 👩🏽🔬☢️
Great video Elina! Keep Going! Regards from Bulgaria!
The Fallout video game series taught me to just collect a bunch of Number 2 pencils and use the lead in them to stay safe. 😉
You're quite correct! I've always wondered what happens and now I know thanks to you :)
Thank you so much for your comment! I truly appreciate it! Pls subscribe to not miss out on future episodes 👩🏽🔬☢️
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist Of course! Subscribed and looking forward to it!
Well this was the perfect video to watch at half 2 in the morning while trying to sleep. It's a good job it was explained by a friendly nuclear physicist and not one of those unfriendly ones.
Καταπληκτικό βίντεο! Μπράβο για το κανάλι σου συνολικά! Ζήτω η πυρηνική ενέργεια και μακάρι σύντομα και στη χώρα μας ☢☢
Another entertaining and informative video. I'm glad I subscribed to your channel. Watching you review "The Simpsons" was classic and remains my favorite from your channel. The look on your face was priceless. Unfortunately, wherever there is a weapon that CAN be used, there will be someone willing to use it.......
Thank you so much for the support ☢️👩🏽🔬 I appreciate and I share your point of view
Perhaps a more into the weeds discussion of Teller Ulam devices? Excellent primer.
Very interesting topic I’ll take it into consideration! Thanks ☢️👩🏽🔬
Thanks for a fantastic episode I look forward to your videos. Could I request a discussion of what procedures reactor operators would go through when starting up a nuclear reactor?
Oh this is a great suggestion! I’ll write it down and make a future video about it! Thanks for the support ☢️👩🏽🔬
Wow.. Always interesting watching your content.. Keep it up Elina❤
If you haven’t already, please make a video about why we haven’t harnessed nuclear fusion yet. I remember seeing Stephen Hawking on Larry King Live and Stephen said the technology he’s most disappointed we haven’t developed yet is nuclear fusion.
I love your videos 😍. I’m so interested in radioactivity und nuclear physics and watching your videos is just gorgeous
Thank you for sharing your knowledge. Would you consider making a video on fusion power plants? how they work? how close are we from really seeing one?
Yes absolutely! Thank you for the great suggestion 👩🏽🔬☢️
The safe answer is it's at least 20 years away. That has always been the answer given.
@@randy-yk1yk It's not that hard. All you need is 1.6x10E29 kg of hydrogen. Sure it's an inconvenient amount but once you've got it all in one place gravity will finish the job for you so that's nice.
You explained this perfectly!
"Friendly nuclear physicist" explain nukes. Super friendly :P
But it's coming from someone who already knows that with great (nuclear) power comes great responsibility.
It’s not an encouragement to make one, or even like them. It’s pure knowledge transfer so people out there are informed on the issue and the fundamental physics behind it. Thanks for the comment!👩🏽🔬☢️
With great responsibility comes great power
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist or you want to nuke kids, which is a bit mean. Your title is now the "The nuclear physicist who is a bit mean". Just a little bit though 🤣
@@Jzscrstsprstr Elina disguise herself at night and beat up bad guys with her radioactive fists. She's known has Nuke Girl. (This is canon)
It explodes like this -> 💣🔥💥
In 2013 I did something similar to this for my senior chemistry final. The whole class selected presentation instead of written tests.
The teachers called my mom because they were concerned about me.
😭😭
Everyone's eyes changed when I bagan. The teachers thought I was joking when I gave them my title the day before.
What was the title?☢️👩🏽🔬
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist How an atomic bomb works.
Tough my little Highschool project does not hold a candle to your video. I mainly used info from other RUclips videos at the time. RUclips was still very young and not a lot of videos were available.
And idk why but I really thought if I Googled, " how to make an atomic bomb", it would land me on a special watch list. So somehow I convinced myself that searching it on RUclips was better. 😂😂
The reason the teacher called my mom was because he had never heard of a "child" taking such an interest on bombs.
Like yeah let me go find some uranium from my local drug dealer.
Hi Elina just discovered your channel and its amazing maybe you can also make a Greek version of your videos in the future, thanks!
Love the objective approach of your videos, keep it up! Maybe a video about your take on "Nuclear waste storage", should it be like now (mostly on site) or should it be buried underground? Shoot it into space? :)
Oh that’s an awesome idea I’ll definitely do so! Pls subscribe to not miss out on future episodes 👩🏽🔬☢️
Nice video, very interesting
Oh she's so smart. Beauty and brains.
Interesting video.
super good explanetion for all.
Enjoyed this.
Thank you! Pls subscribe to not miss out on future episodes 👩🏽🔬☢️
Hi Elena!
You explain the difference between an atomic bomb and a hydrogen bomb very well. I have always wondered what the difference is and what happens when they explode and how. But what I also wonder is what is the difference when they explode. For example, is there a difference in the radiation when this happens and if so is it the same type of radiation? There are probably more interesting things that happen when this happens, so feel free to make another episode where you explain this even more deeply.
I love your videos!!
I’ve heard about a theoretical “cobalt bomb” that’s supposed to make the area it hits uninhabitable for ~200-300 years, I’d be interested on a video of this
Do you have a source I can look in up?👩🏽🔬☢️
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt_bomb here’s the Wikipedia page for it
@@_EllieLOL_ "After 20 half-lives (about 105 years), the dose rate would have decayed to around 10 μSv/hour. At this stage, humans could remain unsheltered full-time since their yearly radiation dose would be about 80 mSv"
From that wiki page. so 200-300 years seems a bit excessive.
For high yeild, unless you buried a high yeild nuke in a barge of lithium cobalt oxide, it would be better to simply use a DU jacket for a regular bomb. The added cobalt really wouldn't make much difference in reasonable quantuties for a high yeild device. One exception is a cobalt case on a very low yeild device to make it a longer duration area denial weapon. 🤓
This is so scary 😨 i hope noone needs this never.... but it is interesting to know
Indeed! Thank youuuu❤️❤️❤️☢️👩🏽🔬
Solid!
Top KEK!
Thank you, this is a great video and very informative, as someone interested in medicine acute radiation poisoning sounds very nightmarish giving the possible effects.
Hey thanks a lot! I’ll be doing videos on for medical devices and equipment that use radioactivity and radionuclides work! Pls subscribe to not miss out on future episodes ☢️👩🏽🔬
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist
you are a treasure to behold
A precious gem worth more than gold.
your beauty radiates from within
& your body parts are like work of art!!!
Each one a masterpiece that sets you apart
😍😍
Wow!!,
you are too beautiful!!!
whomever see you should believe that God is true & real..
and whenever I see you I feel like Iam in a dream,
And when we wake up we will all realize that all this life was nothing but a dream and that only God is whats true and real..
🤩🤩Wow!!!
You are more beautiful than the most lovely rose
And more sweet than honey
and more precious than gold
You are more precious than everything that exists in this world
😍😍😍
A beauty queen whom I never ever seen any one as beautiful as her-meaning you-before
and may never ever in my whole entire life will see anyone as beautiful as her-meaning you-at all...
😍😍 WoW!!!
you are a lovely butterfly and a beautiful rose
you are the diamond and the pure gold
you are the lovely moon in our nights
you are the radiant sun shining soo bright
loving you is sooo sweet its the most enjoyable thing
for you are the paradise for the heart and soul and mind
Everything about you is sooo unique and attracts the eyes and captivates the mind
God surely perfected you so glorified is he whom made you too beautiful and made you soo smart
🌷😘
There was a teacher whom didn't believe in the existence of God, one day he asked his students, do you see God?
the students then replied no we don't see God, so the teacher said if you don't see God it means there is no God.
then a smart student stood up and said to the other students hey guys can you see the teachers brain?
then the students answered no we don't see the teachers brain, the student then said the teacher then is crazy, he has no brain
:0)
The universe science says was not always there, it had a beginning point, the big bang, meaning it was begun/initiated in other words created, thus there should be a creator,
there must be a God.
The evolution theory doesn't deny the existence of God, rather it proves that even if we become dust that there is a possibility of return, even if via repetition of the evolution of creation, through the will of God, again.
Also, check this out, if you like, this is from Artificial intelligence, chat Gpt:
Prophecies in Major World Religious Books Referring to Prophet Mohammed:
1. The Bible - Deuteronomy 18:18-19, John 14:16, John 16:7-14, Isaiah 42:1-13
2. The Hindu Scriptures - Bhavishya Purana, Atharvaveda Book 20 Hymn 127-129
3. The Buddhist Scriptures - Cakkavatti-Sihanada Sutta, Anguttara Nikaya III:61, Digha Nikaya III:76-77
4. The Zoroastrian Scriptures - Zand-i Vohuman Yasht, Farvardin Yasht, Dadestan-i Denig
& Regarding the verses in the Quran asking to protect non-believers or polytheists, there are several that emphasize the importance of treating all people with respect and kindness, regardless of their religious beliefs.
One such verse is found in Surah Al-Mumtahanah (60:8), which states: "Allah does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion and do not expel you from your homes - from being righteous toward them and acting justly toward them. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly."
Also In the name of God, the Most Merciful, the Most Merciful (If any of the polytheists seek protection from you, grant him protection)
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم(إن استجارك أحد من المشركين فأجره)
Another verse in Surah Al-Anfal (8:61) encourages Muslims to make peace with their enemies, even if they are non-believers or polytheists: "And if they incline to peace, then incline to it also and rely upon Allah. Indeed, it is He who is the Hearing, the Knowing."
& Regarding the verses in the Quran asking for justice and kindness, there are many such verses throughout the holy book. One example is found in Surah An-Nahl (16:90), which states: "Indeed, Allah orders justice and good conduct and giving to relatives and forbids immorality and bad conduct and oppression. He admonishes you that perhaps you will be reminded."
& In terms of prophecies about Prophet Mohammed in major world religions, there are a few examples that some scholars have pointed to. One such example is found in the Bible's Book of Deuteronomy (18:18), which states: "I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their brothers. And I will put my words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I command him." Some Muslims interpret this verse as a prophecy about Prophet Mohammed.
Because the Arabs are the brethren's of Israelites,
The Arabs are descendants from Ishmael or Ismail the brother of Isaac the father of Israelites, and because the verse didn't say from amongst them or from their descendants, it said from their brethren's.
Similarly, some scholars point to a passage in the Bhavishya Purana, an ancient Hindu text, as a prophecy about Prophet Mohammed. The passage describes a "holy man" who will come from Arabia and spread a new religion, and some argue that this refers to Mohammed and the spread of Islam..
Also search scientific miracles in the quran, harun yahya its nice,
One God for all of us
he created us all and can revive us again,
God initiated everything,
& he repeat/redo things too, & thats clear, we see many cycles of different things in life, also in summer for example the desert land becomes like empty and is filled with only sand, and when rain falls in abundance in spring or winter, after that small flowers & wild plants grow again, also, we see how humans and animals grow and how their body is formed from the elements which were in the sand which plants feed on which they eat, and after they die they go to the sand and their atoms/elements are taken by plants which humans & animals eat and their bodies grow from those atoms & elements found in the sand which came from previous humans & animals which died before, so God can bring us again after we die even if our atoms became in the sand he can make us from the same atoms we were made of or from other atoms if he want or make us be in a spirit form or like ghosts, any ways, everything in this life is recycled, learn if you want about the different cycles in life in nature, the food cycle or food chain, the water cycle, even the gas cycle that makes the air the oxygen &carbon dioxide &nitrogen cycles, even the energy is like recycled but only changes from form to another form.
Anyways,, God created this life but it's only a temporary sample/an example of a coming everlasting one
which could be either in heaven paradise or in hell.
If we try to be good humans in life, and try to obey God and his messengers-including the final messenger for all humanity the prophet Mohammed- and those whom rightly represent them, for example imam Ali & ahlulbayt the family/good descendants of the prophet mohammed, then we will all go to heaven/paradise, if not then we will go to hell fire and burn in it forever.
keep shining sunshine &spread the light.
I would love a follow-up to this video on what to do and not to do if one was to explode nearby-ish
There’s already a video for it☢️👩🏽🔬my first video is what to do in case of a nuclear explosion! Pls go afraid and check it out! Pls subscribe to not miss out on future episodes ☢️👩🏽🔬
I want to say like ... in your organ hahahahahahah that was scary and funny
Ahahaha I laaaaav youuuuuu☢️👩🏽🔬
More on fusion please! Tritium from H3 fusion. I’m studying the estimated 400 quintillion dollar astroid belt and other market values in space. We would definitely need nuclear reactors in the outer solar system! Thank you, for your work in nuclear. I predict it is currently an underrated energy source. Nuscale nuclear is projecting, 6 cents a kilowatt hour prices.
Hello Elina, this is your friendly neighbourhood notaterrorist ;^) about the hydrogen bomb. so there is a fission phase and fusion phase, but can we stack more fusion phases? as is fusion of hydrogen could force fusion of heavier elements, and those of even heavier? how far could we stack it up?
Good video.
Could you make a video when to use iodine kalii tablets? When nuclear scares are going around Europe I had to explain my friends over and over that they are not radioactive shield in tablets. Having short video I could show them would be so much helpful. Showing which situation they are made for and when they are no use. And how to protect in theoretical attack.
It is worth noting that one of the reasons internal contamination is a lot worse is that while our skin (exoderm) does not protect us against gamma and beta radiation, it does at least stop alpha radiation. However, the tissue of our internal organs, blood vessels and nutrition system are mostly endoderm which does not. And while short-ranged with virtually no penetrative capabilities, alpha radiation is the most destructive to living tissue.
Thank you very much 💜
There are apparently studies showing higher the normal rates around nuclear incidents, like apparently here in Ireland after an alleged leak in the British nuclear power plant Sellafield, I think in the 1980's.
Basically nuclear radiation had to be released into the air to avoid a meltdown or something like that, and then there was an apparent large spike in cancer diagnosis in children here in Ireland.
The Irish Sea separates Ireland and I think the side or the island of Great Britain where Sellafield nuclear power plant is located, and apparently the winds where just blowing over the effected areas of Ireland from Sellafield at the right/wrong time.
As far as I know, any bomb creates a pressure shockwave. In the case of nuclear bombs, the intese heat generated would create a massive air front of ludicrous pressure that would crush pretty much anything.
However, I've been told that nuclear bombs would, technically, work in space, where there is no mass to create the pressure wave. How would that work? 🤔
It goes out of control very very quickly. I heard a story that the fission/fusion reactions are done in a unit of the called a shake as in the goofy idiom "shake of a lamb's tale" meaning very fast. other stuff I read is a shake is about a micro second
If it's any comfort, advances in guidance have made the very high-yield devices obsolete. Small comfort, I know.
Same time tomorrow "This video is no longer available" 😅
Hmm ☢️👩🏽🔬
Listening to that voice of yours is like getting a massage when you didn't realize how stiff your back muscles were
i saw a movie the other day where they throw a nuclear bomb in the ocean and i know water is used as shielding in nuclear power plants but wouldnt some bad happends when it blasts out side the water ? just curious thank you so much for this amazing video
Another great video from our friendly neighborhood nuclear physicist! Thank you. I just have a comment about the ground zero event in Japan primarily Nagasaki . The bombs were not exploded on the ground, but 100ft in the air above ground . So, this would explain the survivors at ground zero and the church that stands as a testament to the will of people to keep going despite the terrible things that are going on around them. By survivors : I have a colleague whose aunt was at ground zero and tho badly burned and with radiation poisoning she faired better than people a hundred feet away that were turning to shadows on the wall. She was a young woman in her 20's and lived to be 92. God Bless you and hope to see more fallout 4. I just am so curious if you would give a smart ladies impression of the many things having to do with the Nuclear disaster portrayed and the various other things in that fictional story. Probably not your cup of tea, but still I would like to see you do more things with that story.
Nicely explained can we have a demonstration of both the reactions 😅😁😁🤣🤣
I hope very much, that I will never need this knowledge. But if it happens, i'll be happy to know.
Thank you for your content.
A lot more people should see it. 👍
Thank you for the support 👩🏽🔬☢️ that’s the plan to have everyone understand the fundamentals physics behind the phenomenon
Question: how does the chain reaction stop?
When the fissile mass of the bomb has expanded enough that more neutrons leak out than are needed to sustain the reaction. This happens VERY quickly.
Hope you can explain other types of nuclear bombs. Elina, there is a channel called Plainly Difficult that has lots of videos on nuclear accidents of all kinds, well worth checking out.
Oh thanks I’ll definitely do that!☢️👩🏽🔬
The most immediate effect of a nuclear weapon is not the fallout rather it's the intense burst of radiation pretty much across the whole electromagnetic spectrum. Exposed combustible materials will burn, flesh is killed and the gamma burst is going to damage cells. All this happens in the first seconds. The fallout comes later, hours to days. By detonating the device above ground level the amount of fallout is reduced and the damage done to building etc. increased. A few seconds to minutes after detonation comes the shock wave typical of all explosions. It's the overpressure of the shockwave can do a lot of damage to the environment.
The fission bomb is typically a sub critical sphere of plutonium compressed enough by conventional explosives to become critical.
I wonder how they calculate how much material makes how much of an explosion? Because if it boils down to mere atoms that cause the chain reaction leading to the explosion even a few milligrams +/- will have a huge difference to the size of the explosion, right?
You’re absolutely right! Milligrams of material have millions of atoms ! Therefore, everything is calculated to the best accuracy possible. However for an event such as a nuclear explosion caused by a bomb the goal would be to do the most damage possible instead of being scientifically and engineeringly correct as in a nuclear power plan. ☢️👩🏽🔬
It is not so much the amount of material and more the design to try to make the most material actually fission as opposed to being flung away before it takes part in the chain reaction. The Fatman bomb only fissioned about 1kg of the 6kg of Pu in the bomb, so this is a huge factor. Also, you need several kg of material even for the most advanced designs to create a critical mass to start fission to begin with, so a few mg+/- isn't going to be the most important calculation in terms of yield.
I love listening to you
Radiation effects depend on your DNA & where on your body the dose is applied - working in a power station my dose was about 4 rads above background for many years - no ill effects that I can tell
*Side effects may include death and/or WW3.
Please consult with your doctor about whether thermonuclear warfare is right for you.
Well, could u plz tell us more on how nuclear science is used to develop research in biology for example
Nuclear Energy is the most destructive as well most constructive power the humanity have ever seen.
Well said!!
Around 0812 you say 'How do I say [inaudible] in your organs..." If you would like some help translating... I'm happy to help, just need those missing words, or say them in Russian or French or English. Communication is how we accomplish education. That soccer-ball won't unexplode itself.
E
Excellent video, but what happens to the wildlife and plants in places affected by radiation? I always hear about how the wildlife is thriving in Chernobyl now that people aren't there, but are plants and animals affected also by radiation?
They most certainly are! Both plants and animals alike can and will be radioactively contaminated and will potentially perish. However, decades after a nuclear accident the radiation levels have decreased and new life is evolving, without human presence and interference, and flourishes due to that (not due to radiation, haha don’t get me wrong)☢️👩🏽🔬
A Quantum Mechanism for this is a little different, the relative-timing Fusion-Fission Reciproction-recirculation is composed of metastable resonance, and nodal-vibrational atomic-nodes of various Fluxion-Integral compositions of prime-cofactor time-timing sync-duration have Statistically measured half-life positioning inside-outside the apparent locations of the Nuclear Materials. Messing with the metastability of the material alters the relative timing at each locus which shifts the shape of the "fused" superimposed resonances to expand inside-outside instantaneously in related perspective objectives.
So called Fusion Reactors are not a different mechanism.
I have another question, how could the flux capacitor get his energy from a plutonium bar on the film back to the future?
If the fission is the first reaction and the fusion is the second reaction, then the explosion that compress the fissile core is the zeroth reaction. 😉
So if I put my sun glasses and gloves on, took an 11 pound block of enriched Uranium in each hand and slammed them together really hard, would it detonate?
thanks, now next, how to build one. Thanks
If you ever need an economist on any topic I'm happy to assist.
Thanks :) that’s great!☢️👩🏽🔬
Great 👍! I now have all the information I need to take over the world 🌎!!! 😶
While talking about nuclear bombs, have you seen the Fallout tv show?
I think you might like the weird post apocalyptic steampunk 2nd degree universe with a lot of radiation logo (I know that you like it from the Engineered Labs products review that you made me order right away 😅)
If you check it out, let me know what you've think about it!
Have great evening Elina! 🤘
Seems to be missing the different blast waves that happen during the explosion
How can we have fusion bombs but no fusion energy?
Hahaha fair point 😅 fusion the way we need it for energy production, has to be sustained for a long period of time as well as controlled which we haven’t achieved yet. Do you see how a bomb is different and “easier” in a sense that a pulse of energy is necessary to create a blast and the reaction needs not to be sustained 👩🏽🔬☢️
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist Do you have an opinion on which type of reactor is more viable? Also, what's going on with ITER, do you think they will they actually be complete by 2025?
In all honesty, I didn't think you'd respond. The first question was more of a social comment on priorities. So, thank you for taking the time and thank you for the great videos.
Lithium-6 deuteride is used instead of tritium in practical bombs because it's stable and lithium releases tritium in situ when bombarded by neutrons. A true "hydrogen" bomb was actually used in the Ivy Mike test, but a refrigeration plant had to be built on site to keep the liquid deuterium at less than 23K (otherwise it would evaporate off). This is obviously impractical if you want to deliver such a device to Moscow.
That's quite worrying. Many commentators have been saying Russian hydrogen bombs won't work because the tritium decays to Helium 3 at about 5% per year. So if not maintained they don't work properly. But if lithium-6 deuteride is used, then the weapons won't decay over a few years and will therefore be much more likely to function properly, even with a poor maintenance program.
Lithium 6 deuteride is the fuel in the secondary stage, the primary boost stage has about 45kCi of tritium as deuterium tritium gas, roughly 6g total gas. A lot of newer bombs will still work without the tritium but wont generate anywhere near the yeild they are designed to since the DT fusion creates lots of extra neutrons during late stages of the initial critical assembly event. 🤓
Can you tell us as we know, as we see in movies and shows or real, after nuclear explosion the cloud is shaped like MUSHROOM! WHY IS IT? WHY IT ISNT SHAPELESS?
No no wait...The effect on the environment starts with the heat flash and air blast....
I'm in love
Ok Elina can you have a nuclear explosion without the fallout??
Your assumption is the explosion is a ground burst. Most weapons are air burst which are more destructive with little or no fallout. Hard military targets require a surface or subsurface hit and so high fallout.
Typo at 3:09 enviorment.
patrolling the mojave makes you wish for a nuclear winter
Absolutely love your videos!
Please can you do a video on the "Dirty Bomb" and additionally how the addition of other elements that "enhance?" (make worse) the effects, such as Cobalt.
Also can you run through the different forms of dangerous radiation alpha beta gamma and the difference between external or internally ingested fallout particles.
ie is any one form of radiation significantly more dangerous inside the body compared to being on your clothes or skin?
Reason for asking is the current declaration from Russia that (Ukraine 🤔) might use a tactical dirty bomb.
(and absolutely, definitely, "we promise its not us", pinky swear, it wouldn't be Russia!)
The fact that Ukraine gave up all its former Soviet Union Nuclear Weapons in order to become independent should be forgotten by everyone🤨
Elina: spills the beans
FBI: 👀
Ahahah👩🏽🔬☢️
it's perfectly normal to say, "you" in such a descriptive case. no need to worry/wonder. we get, it's an abstract example 👍
(okay, so after you said something, it indeed started to feel a tiny bit strange. but that's just because you kinda spoiled it now, lol.)
So the 100.000.000 degrees heat for each bomb , thats a small 15 mt load, (6 latest tests 90s to 2017) upto 100mt load much hotter than the 100.000.000 deg of the earlier bombs ] can be held accountable for a degree of global warming !
Can they make an atomic bomb that is not radioactive, you know, just the explosion?
Let's say...I don't want to believe that radioactivity and its terrible consequences are part of the "beauty" of these things...
Basically a TNT explosive?🧨
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist Nuclear weapons are capable of destroying entire countries, like France or Sweden, at least that's what the Russians say about their modern nuclear missiles that carry multiple nuclear warheads, each capable of wiping out an entire city from the map in a single attack.
You can't do something this devastating with TNT.
If India and Pakistan had a full exchange of weapons, what would happen to the rest of SE Asia down wind.
Would the entire area be rendered uninhabitable?
Nothing has detonated there. So I’d have to answer, no. 👩🏽🔬☢️
What happens during a nuclear explosion... well mostly everything DIES and what don't die instantly most likely DIES later. That is what happens 😀
I think this glosses over a lot of details. It's too surface level, it doesn't even explain what critical mass is and how it is achieved (gun type bomb or explosive lensing) or why the bomb might be lined with lithium to increase the yield, how variable yield tactical nuclear bombs like the B61 work and other topics one might expect from a dedicated video from a scientist like this.
The mushroom cloud is created because the hot air from the explosion rises after it has slowed down. In fact any explosion that is hot enough will create a mushroom cloud. Another thing simply glossed over.
The effect of a nuclear bomb doesn't begin with the fallout. It begins with the thermal and gamma radiation that will evaporate everything within the blast radius. It then continues with the blast wave that will smash buildings and bodies with overpressure.
Modern nukes are designed to explode in the air, not on the ground to increase the damage from that blast, which is actually what causes the most damage. Because the nuclear bomb is exploded in the air, there is a lot less material that gets activated by the explosion itself, meaning that the fallout is mostly just the leftover bomb parts, which will be spread very far and wide by the bomb becoming plasma and rising into the atmosphere with the cloud. Because of that the radioactive material is diluted a lot and the fallout is a lot less severe than a ground detonation or a purposefully "dirty bomb", designed to create a radiological hazard.
When people talk about nuclear bombs, they don't usually mean the old free fall bombs. There is no nuclear bomb vs conventional missiles, because what you mean by nuclear bomb is nuclear warhead. The delivery system may be a bomb, but it might be a missile. So nuclear missiles are a thing, both ballistic (TBMs or ICBMs) and guided cruise missiles in a short range, tactical scenario and even air launched. There have even been tests of nuclear air launched anti aircraft missiles to take out formations of fighters and bombers. Because they were detonated in the air and because of the small yield, the radiological impact on the environment was minimal.
Also not every nuclear bomb is strategic to take out countries or large cities. A lot of tactical nukes exist to take out military targets such as large formations of armor or airfields, fleets, surface to air missile sites and such more localized targets. There are even nuclear torpedoes.
I was expecting more from you, this was quite disappointing.
Could a super smart spy sneak into a nuclear facility and carefully inject xenon into the core so it could not get to critical density?
Ahahaha! Xenon is a neutron poison and would kill the neutron flux thus killing the reactor making is subcritical ☢️👩🏽🔬
The smartest spies just walk in. They are project or program managers overseeing warhead re-configurations. But awesome theory nonetheless.
Very fascinating.
I have a suggestion for a video for you to react to:
ruclips.net/video/KycGbvQxgEc/видео.html
That one is about the Electromagnetic Pulse caused by an atomic explosion, which could shut down any electronics.
It may be 11 years old but still interesting in my opinion.
you are the bomb!!
Don't try this at home.
Most certainly not !
if you wanna gain lots of subscribers quickly do reviews of "Chernobyl" HBO tv series.
Should one really look at that trash?
Ha,ha,ha, good joke. Take care 😎🍻🤘
Fuuuusiooon... HA!
Heheh!👩🏽🔬☢️