How DNA Analysis Led Police to the Golden State Killer
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- Опубликовано: 3 май 2018
- The Golden State Killer was finally caught last week after more than 40 years, but the science behind it wasn’t just your everyday DNA forensics.
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This is interesting. I'm a Forensic DNA grad and first off, kudos on explaining the basics better than I've ever seen (although a random match probability of 1 in 1 billion is super low in forensics). The info is solid, but their technique seems like it goes against... Something! I know there's lots of debate about familial searching and the legality of it, so I wonder if SNP testing gives them a loophole there. I'm really interested to get more of the details! Thanks SciShow!
It's not everyday where you can ask and expert in the field. I came across this Washington Post article a couple weeks back and took it at face value. Do you mind giving your opinion on it? Specifically this paragraph? Thank you either way.
"Familial DNA searches, in fact, had an 83 percent failure rate in a 2014 British study, Wired wrote. This is part of the reason that many warn against the practice, even as law enforcement agencies master its uses.
“The technique is arousing fierce objections from privacy advocates, who maintain that it turns family members into genetic informants without their knowledge or consent,” Ellen Nakashima wrote in The Washington Post in 2008, long before the popularity of genealogy sites exploded.
Since then, Wired reported, Maryland and the District of Columbia have banned familial DNA searches, while the method is regulated in several other states, including California, where police used it to track down the Golden State Killer suspect."
www.washingtonpost.com/news/true-crime/wp/2018/04/27/golden-state-killer-dna-website-gedmatch-was-used-to-identify-joseph-deangelo-as-suspect-police-say/?.9391008aee9f
Please do an episode on the Magnus effect
Probly should use an Example on how it applies to a cartridge in a firearm
Jamey Lausen thats a good question about the legality and constitutionality of probing private companys' databases for information that could lead to arrests
John Garrison thanks for that article! First, I am by no means an expert, just so that's out there haha. But this is seriously a hotly debated topic in this field. The high failure rate is probably due to the way DNA is inherited. The only reliable amount of shared DNA is 50% from parent to offspring. Other than that, it's a toss up. Law enforcement seems to have learned quite a bit more since I studied this specifically, so I assume there have been some advancements. They may focus more heavily on Y-chromosome specific sites in males, which don't change much up and down a paternal line.
As for the ethics of it... Yeah. I definitely don't like the idea. It can implicate people that have nothing to do with the case. I guess if the person submitting the DNA marks it as "okay to share", then maybe. I have a lot of conflicting feelings about this, but mostly I stand on the side of privacy.
That is actually incredible! Using other peoples DNA in a database to single out a single man - take a bow science!
yeah, well, it won't be long until the same science/technique is used to violate privacy and constitutional rights....the whole MO of technology and science, forever, has been the steady and constant erosion of privacy and anonymity
Take a bow science, RIP privacy.
+Brynden Rivers has gone a little overly hyperbolic (the spinning jenny never violated anyone's privacy!) but certainly most modern "big data" systems all have that potential in one form or another, even if their initial purpose was benign or even helpful.
Or Big Brother
How does it hurt law abiding citizens? If they can use DNA sites to catch rapists, murderers, etc. I am all for it.
"Former cop."
Can someone tell me why law enforcement individuals don't have DNA samples in CODIS as a matter of course?
Privacy concerns.
puncheex2 privacy concerns? They’re signing up to ‘protect and serve’ so by default they should be okay with submitting their DNA if there’s nothing to hide.
Well, would you be OK with it if your employer made it a condition of your employment, sample to be kept on file forever?
It's not like they knew he was going to be a future serial killer.
Probably also something to do with the fact that CODIS wasn't created until 11 years after he was fired as a cop and about 4-5 years after his last (known) kill.
I sent this to my dad, he's fascinated by it. He was a high schooler when the golden state killer was at large
This kind of stuff is what inspired me to study chemistry in the first place. So fascinating.
forensics is interesting but chemistry is much better than that. but it should have inspired you to study biology right ?????????
Going through the comments here is a ride. It is not a violation of privacy to use DNA voluntarily submitted to a public database to construct a profile. And it isn’t as though just by virtue of being a relation the guy was convicted. There were still thousands of possible suspects that had to be narrowed down, and the forensic team still cross referenced their primary suspect’s actual DNA to confirm a match. And now he will go through traditional criminal proceedings. There’s nothing about this process that strikes me as illegal or a “slippery slope”. I think this is a fantastic use of new technology that will hopefully put more criminals away and de-incentivize crime.
TRUE WORDS.
Only Serial Killers Flourish in the so called Over rated " PRIVACY " for no reason.
My DNA is so perfect that the police can never find me
I already know your meme account is one of 3 different potential users and I'm pretty sure I can narrow that list further.
Doesn't this mean if the police found a super perfect DNA, it's automatically you?
K
Please do an episode on the Magnus effect
Hustle Hank If people can use Facebook...Instagram amd My Space to track old friends and family ... shoot the breeze ..catch up...and meet up....then this should be OKAY TOO ...to SOLVE CRIME !!!!!
The DNA strings in the thumbnail are twisted the wrong way around.
Oni NERDDD 😂
Didn't you know the camera mirrors things?
Lee C. You just watched a science video.
I have a feeling someone is copiously taking notes on this stuff for... "science."
Justin Y. DAMN IT JUSTIN
Go away
Haha! Oh jeez, that is pretty much what we think when watching programs like this about crime scenes - "why are you telling people HOW you FOUND them!?!?!?!?"
Lol i just saw you on Cr1tiKals video too.
Aspect Science
Luckily there are so many variables that just studying crime shows and even working in the fields in them is not enough to completely cover your tracks. There are so many things that can go wrong, so many tiny instances where you can be traced that the chances of you getting away completely clean are nearly 0. The police might not find exactly what they need, but there's ALWAYS something. Even if that something is the minor amount of skin cells you shed while at the crime scene. That's not really enough to catch anyone though but my point is there's always something lol
Good info
*takes notes for future crime spree*
Ah the scary part about these crime investigation shows!
Dang now you're actually getting visited by the FBI
My advice, wear a full lab gear, like those wore in labs dealing with highly contagious and deadly diseases. You won't leave any DNA behind.
Step 2: Become a former cop.
I love just grabbing a batch of your videos and then just listening to them while doing other things
TheChosenBeast DoesGames haha, I've tried that, but I find it hard to look away.
Great video, I’ve never heard DNA testing explained so clearly before - helped my basic understanding!
0:55 That's some bloody good DNA representation there !
My mom was neighbors with one of the victims of the golden gate killer (or east bay killer over here), when she was only 2 or 3. It was really scary for everyone around here, only a block from my childhood home >.
Vikings488 Im glad shes safe 😊
One of the 9/11suicide pilots lived next door to where i lived when i was young and my grandmother still lives today. I already moved out when he was there. The fact itself doesnt scare me because nothing happened then, just hearing that he lived right next door to my grandmother was... unsettling.
😏The age of Serial Killers might be "dying" due to better technology and science.
Heck if I had a relative that could be a serial killer I would NOT mind giving my DNA to help catch them!
There was recently a serial killer in Tampa that killed like 5 people before being caught a few months ago.
Yeah, right. It's just leading to smarter killers.
Masha Mitchell >> It takes a hell of a lot of work to remove all traces of DNA. So much so that the compounds used, can be tracked by seeing which stores has recently had the heighest sales income from selling vast quantities of those compounds in an estimated time up to the murder. Then a customers list is collected and compared with people who most likely where in the area at the time of the murder. To find the area, they simply use whose phones had the longest time of connection to the nearest mast and then compare it with the list of people whose names also appear on the list from the compound store. If there's a person on said lists, who recently bought a lot of those compounds. Who at the time of or up to or shortly/some time after the murder, also had connection to said mast and who doesen't live in the area, then it gets highly suspicious. If the person does live in the area, they just go asking for samples in order to clear his or hers name, which most people would be interested in.
Most killers are idiots. People with PHD's tend not to be murders.
Serial killers will never go away 1.they are rare less than .01 percentage of the population 2.they change and become smarter 3.they largerly get caught mostly because of the own arrogance not because of technology or detective work 4 I secretly think they want to get caught
So
Ur telling me it wasn't Ted Cruz
Tayler Nicole nope it's not Ted Cruz, Ted Cruz IS the zodiac killer though
The Golden State Killer and the Zodiac Killer are two different ppl. Ted Cruz is still the Zodiac
Oh okay thank God I thought my entire life was a lie
Excuse the misunderstanding I'm on some very strong post surgery drugs lol
Tayler Nicole no he is the zodiac killer
that was the zodiac hahaha, two different killers
The whole time, I was waiting for a 23 and me advertisement.
when did stefan become so stacked... holy moly nice!
They need to make a video on astroid mineing
noah dance yours or mine?
I feel this is just the same as posting anything online. users should know just like posting to Facebook, RUclips, etc anything you post publicly can be used against you or others. So long as the police don’t skip that last step of testing the suspect’s dna directly, I don’t see anything wrong with what happened or is happening.
Can't forget the possibility of human error in interpretation and underlying biases. There are some truly sad findings in the literature on the misuse of DNA evidence because it is so compelling
What, no mention of Michelle McNamara’s new book that kept the case in the public eye?
+
+
The book didn't really do anything to keep the case in the public eye: it only came out the month before he was caught. Her articles about the case years ago, and pushing the police to work on it, and actually naming him "The Golden State Killer" so that people would pay attention ... that stuff helped, though.
No one even knew about that book stop making it seem as if she made a difference ahe only coined the named golden state killer.
This same technique was used last month in the identification of Marcia King, who was murder 37 years ago and was well known among internet sleuths as the Buckskin Girl.
The double murder referred to at 2:50 was that of the Smiths in Ventura.
1 in a billion? So about 7 seven people on the planet will match then.
Yeah, but 99.9% of those people have never been in the city where the crime occurred.
Thanks a lot for this lesson, Stefan
This was really interesting
Love SciShow videos ❤
Unlike 23 and Me, ancestry.com and FamilyDNA, GEDmatch doesn't sell kits and analyze DNA for customers. It is a free site which a programmer set up, developing software which allows for matching DNA from all three of the those companies (who normally match only their own company's customers) So that matches across the companies are possible. I would encourage anyone who has used these three companies to download their results to GEDmatch.com and find more matches than their own company can, and in doing so, help others on GEDmatch find you.
Unless, of course, your cousin was former known as Billy the Kid. Or maybe just because of that.
I being a responsible global citizen , i have UPLOADED my genome to GEDMatch
...as have I. Thanks.
puncheex2 I've also done it.
Really awesome video!!
What a time to be alive in science...
Very good presentation!
In other words, if anybody in your family has ever used a DNA service, you are in a database that can be searched by cops without a warrant.
Radix no the cops put the DNA in the service as an account and searched matches same way you would then using matches narrowed it down
Which was a search without a warrant.
TheFortaySeven you’re still wrong. They weren’t searching for his DNA. They already had his DNA. They were searching for relatives that had voluntarily uploaded DNA to this public database. They could look at the public database without a warrant for the same reason they could take his trash on the curb without a warrant.
People voluntarily upload teir DNA information to GEDmatch in order to find matches to cousins their family has long ago lost touch of. I've used it to meet again four cousins far over the horizon. If you're into genealogy, its a gold mine of information about common ancestors. The website is free to use; there are no restrictions on its use by law enforcement. There are people concerned with privacy, but does your privacy extend to 3rd and 4th cousins you don't know, restricting them from using a service to try to pursue their own wants? so that you can't be identified?
Oopsy, I did...
This is great science. I am for all science, and I do try to be worthy. I am a dynamic person. I always want to improve. Thank you.
The DNA in the thumbnail turns the wrong way around. The strand on the right always passes behind the strand on the left!
Interesting video regardless!
loved this video!!!!!!!!!
This must be a golden time bcz all channels are uploading abt DNA
I’m wondering what materials that collected from the scene specifically ? No one talk about it.
Perhaps my favorite case.
The Police know how to pull off the perfect crime. Their DNA should be collected first.
Stupid, their DNA is on file. DNA wasn't a thing back when this guy use to work as a cop so they never tested him.
Case file has done an amazing podcast series on this case. Ep53
Imagine in the distant future if advanced criminals encrypted parts of their own DNA sequences. Scary stuff but it would make for a good TV show.
Hmm, you might be onto something there... split the profits 50/50 if we go ahead and write that Tv series now...!?!?!?
DNA can't be "encrypted".
not yet
carlosmante well you could use something like a combination lof factors to turn on a system that would change your dna. Like if you're cells and/or dna drops below 50 degrees and is dryer than usual water saturation levels a latent system is activated in your dna and your dna could destroy itself or use viruses to change your dna.
If part of your DNA is encrypted, then it needs to be decrypted every time it has to be "processed" (replicated in cell divison), adding another layer of complexity and therefore a higher probability of errors. Good luck with that cancer.
Confusing when mixing 13 and 20 STRs (@2:13), especially when saying them as "used today".
Also whats up the mentions of an episode (vaguely hinted in this one) being a complexly production ?
Complexity is the corporate owner of all of Hank and his brother's videos.
Interesting indeed!
I have been using a lot of supplements, including collagen and aloe vera to elongate my telomeres, it feels like my skin is just made of succulent cells by this point. My bone and muscle structure still look the same, but I just am somewhat confused how narrowing down DNA is useful.
Awesome shirt
Frank Nitti no it's a fail. The engine is too big. It would land on it... check actual blueprints of the lunar module... (use Google)
Isn’t It illegal to take someone’s DNA without consent? Or a court order? Or is it just frowned upon?
Kayleigh Hay it comes down to what is considered "property", and searching trash that has been left on the curb for collection is entirely legal to search. After that, the DNA left on any of it can be tested without legal issue. But to take a cheek swab or something directly, you need a court order or consent. That's the gist anyway!
It's not illegal to take someone's DNA without their consent, it's only illegal to track them without consent unless you have a warrant. Example: Tapping someone's phone or putting a tracking device on their car.
The rule right now is about the same as for fingerprints, if you leave them behind they are there for the taking. For DNA, it is just about impossible not to leave it behind; the technology is almost there to sample your DNA by walking 20 feet behind you withe a small vacuum. What the feds are restricted from doing is keeping your DNA in a database if you've never been convicted for a crime; that may or may not continue being the law.
I don't know about in general, but its definitely not illegal for the cops to take suspect DNA from a crime scene. That's part of their job as investigators. As for the usage of the DNA (sending it off to GENwhatever,) that's also not really illegal since the company had _full_ consent to take the family members' DNA (from the family members that submitted it,) and I'm guessing the cops would have had a court order with regard to submitting the suspect's DNA, making that also legal.
Though there is a potentially interesting question hidden in there: If I submit my DNA to one of those sites, is that an invasion of my mom and dad's (and siblings' -- especially if I had a twin!) privacy? Since I've essentially just given up 25% (siblings,) 50% (parents) or even 100% (identical twin) of their DNA, potentially without their consent.. That is, what exactly constitutes the difference between "my" DNA and the (shared) DNA of my family members?
I'm not sure, but the cops are hardly "anyone" and have plenty of special privileges (and can get a judge to authorize warrants for even more privileges when required.)
As for average people rummaging through other folks' trash.. I don't know the answer to that though I have a suspicion it might vary state to state.
Submitting someone else' DNA to a service like 23andMe on the other hand is probably not illegal at this point, simply because I don't think its ever come up in court and (at least in the USA,) anything that isn't explicitly legislated against is generally considered to be legal. Of course I'm sure it would go against 23andMe's terms of service (so they could revoke your account and possibly take you to civil court if they deemed it necessary) and it would certainly be an invasion of the neighbor's privacy (who could also take you to court for that.) But in terms of actually illegal? I don't think it is at this point. Probably will be sooner or later though so should hurry up and get your creep on while you can :-/..
I think the real news here is that I finally know what the dog from the Robot Chicken sketch 12 Angry Little People was saying.
This is the perfect video for a sponsorship.
I have an interesting idea! It could be possible to map the genome and it's function I'm animals by tracking the number of changes in the genome and any physical changes.
Collin Bruce That’s already being done. And the Chinese are already playing around with it to create new species.
starventure haven't there been enough movies featuring genetically altered anything to get them not to do that...
It's Red China, man. They will do anything to dominate the rest of the world.
Was that Red Jon from The Mentalist series?
The asymmetry on the shirt was killing me.
Director "move ur arms and hands to show interest" lol
Wow I love this stuff I don’t know why I just love stuff like this
I thought the 'Golden State Killer' was a name of a Diesease that started in San Fransisco
Well you weren't wrong
What would I do without the Lunar Lander diagrams T?
Woah we were just talking about this in class today...
They need to do this in the Jon Bonet Ramsey case!!!!!
Thanks for the explanation video. ssdgm ;)
Interesting. Thanks.
IMO, all public servants (police, judges, politicians, and the like) should have their DNA recorded... Especially police officers!!!
I read a lot about this guy a while back and there was one thing that always stuck out to me. A lot of victims reported that he had a very disntinct smell. Not as if he hadn't showered in a month - something else. Something sickly. Has anyone ever managed to find out what that was?
So are all arrested individuals swabbed? I’m assuming it depends on what city, and or county you were arrested or jailed at?
How coincidental, i just learned about this in biology yesterday
I'M HERE!
hi everyone!
I learned everything from the CSI dramas on TV.
I know that the real world doesn't work that way, but I would rather be over-prepared than under-prepared.
Over prepared for what exactly? 🤔
I read the title as "Golden Skate Killer" and immediately thought I was about to hear that Paranoia Agent was based off of true events.
How did they search his trash without a warrant?
The government can do whatever they want to you...There is no freedom in America anymore. Not for a long, long time
former cop.... huh...
adamklam1 profilers had that idea decades ago. These types of people seem to be drawn to jobs that make them powerful/ give them weapons.
Saphira This is fairly well known. The same goes for the sexual abuse cases. It seems obvious when you think about it but a paedophile will seek out positions where they're trusted with children as was the case with the Catholic priests. Doesn't mean that all priests are paedophiles but it also doesn't make the handling of the case by the Catholic church any less horrific.
Like there are a few fire fighters who've been found out to be pyromaniacs. So sometimes these contradicting roles exist within individuals.
My co-worker told me about this thing just today.
The privacy violations that took place to find him are insane
How to get away with murder: delete all of your DNA
What he's not telling you is some time in the past one of DiAngelo's relatives must have subscribed to a DNA ancestry study tracing family history and they found that profile to be similar to the known killers DNA and then they used birth records to do a current genealogy to locate California residents.
FYI. The site name doesn't spell out the first 3 letters. It's referred to as GEDmatch (one word with a J sounding G). GED refers to file type known as a GEDcom (also said as one word with a J sounding G). That is the file type used for family trees. The sites original purpose was for comparing family trees.
Pretty close. The suffix ".GED" is used on files which store family tree data. GEDcom is a sort of made-up word for exchanging these files over the internet. GEDMatch.com is the website URL for a site where you can search for your matches with other submitters. The site doesn't, however, use GED files, it has you voluntarily upload to the data file describing marker points in your DNA developed from a sample of your DNA by any of a number of testers: 23 and Me, ancestry.com, or Family Tree DNA, and some others. The site's significance is that they have developed a way to handle all these various proprietary DNA data files formats. GED files have nothing to do with what the services they provide.
puncheex2 The site DOES allow you to upload a .ged. You can use it to compare family trees with your genetic matches. You can also just compare family trees which was the original purpose of the site. I have used the site for more than a decade to do research. It's gotten a lot busier with the addition of DNA.
The file type has been referred to as a GED or GEDcom for years.
My apologies for the oversight. Thanks for the correction.
I don’t know *anything* from _CSI._ _CSI_ is a TV show!
Why don’t you make a video on the alternative theories about the Universe on RUclips this would be interesting and good for the RUclips community!!!
score one for science
Thanks for makin me smarter guy 😄
He lived down the street from me 😫
What's everyone's thought on a national DNA registry? Someone suggested it at work the other day and made some good points but as an American it feels wrong for lack of better terms. And I mean I can think of more then a few issues like incorrect matches innocent injury at a crime scene but he argued that it would probly be less incriminating to have a DNA match after a registry but easier for officers to investigate gather evidence and present the case. Still just didnt feel right but what's yalls opinion.
Skyler Hamblin I do not think it should b used unless it's matching DNA for multiple crimes that have the same MO, bcuz ppl dnt realize that ur DNA is everywhere it takes a while for it to degrade so everywhere u went today u left behind DNA and it will take at least a couple of days b4 it starts to degrade depending on environmental conditions, a national DNA database in my eyes is an excuse for cops to not fully investigate crimes and that's dangerous it doesn't take the smartest person in the world to figure out how to plant DNA at a crime seen, and also science is always getting more advanced what happens when there is technology to synthesize a persons DNA, that's when courts will probably have to stop using DNA as evidence completely, then there taking all that time to get a national registry jus ends up being a waste of tax payers money, but mainly with me I'm confident it would result in a. Lot of false convictions and end up making DNA evidence unusable in court completely it would b to easy to say somebody planted that, somebody could take a random persons dns that they have never seen b4 and plant it and that's an automatic hit in the database, but right now if u want to plant DNA evidence it takes more effort u have to find a person who's DNA is already on file for the cops to get a hit and if it's not on file they jus have to keep looking until they eventually find u and even if they do find someone who has DNA on record they r going to end up knowing that person which could lead them back to the actual killer
i agree. so far, despite the usefulness of 23andme's dna interpretation, i've resisted sending mine to them exactly because of the way police push limits of warrants and privacy
Skyler Hamblin "What's everyone's thought on a national DNA registry?" We already have had that long before genealogy companies like Family Tree DNA, 23adnme, ancestry.com, Living DNA, myheritageDNA, etc. came out.
It's called CODIS. And unlike the companies, CODIS's DNA have had chain of custody.
A lot of people seem to be concerned that the police can cross-reference DNA across a database like this, but... it's a public database. You could do it too, if you had the tech. And even if it wasn't public, if you get a 23andMe test, congrats. You've sold a copy of your genetic profile to a company, and now they can do whatever they want with it. As well as a link to all of your other relatives, forever. Until they create a law that says otherwise, you've essentially "first sale doctrine"'d yourself.
I miss muscle hank!
Where is muscle hank!?’b
We want to know if it matched?
Janice Barket
yes.
Pretty crazy, that guy was living in my teacher's neiborhood
Never been so early aaah
Interesting I was watching a show about this criminal a month ago and of course they hadn't caught him at the time of this documentary. ..
4:25 relatives that only share 2% of the same DNA? What are they? Aliens?
maybe Hank is the killer
Wow.
Catch The Zodiac Killer and you will really have accomplished something miraculous!
Here's an idea: Uploading DNA from unidentified bodies to ancestry websites in hopes of finally identifying them!
I don't really object to this, but it does raise an interesting ethical issue regarding the 'ownership' of genetic information. You, as an individual, can't entirely stop authorities, insurers or the public at large knowing about your DNA because you can't control the actions of those related to you. When people make DNA data publicly known, it isn't only _their_ data. Most legislation on privacy, to my knowledge, doesn't really take that into account because it's geared (understandably) towards the rights of the individual.
Merry Machiavelli There's no chain of custody with home DNA tests for one thing. So authorities or insurers can't do anything to you since they have no proof that it was even you. Many people share the same first and last name. An insurance company can't go into a DNA database to deny someone named "John Smith" coverage, and deny coverage to the wrong John Smith.
Yikes didn’t know a killer was living in my city
Im goldenrodwilly69 but no relation to goldengate 1 inch.
"Used Kleenex for DNA testing" Yeah, that'll do it
Not Your Everyday Timelord
...Oh gross. 😂
new advertising possibilities
When discussing the FBI we should also consider their ability to plant DNA at a crime scene and fake evidence.
shouldn't DNA always be a 100% match? it's not like a fingerprint that can be smudged, it's DNA.
Police didn’t catch him it was a Mr Hole investigator. Police only covered up back in 1979 when Auburn Police Chief ignored red flags and MO of the cop he terminated who ended up shining a flashlight in his daughters bedroom after threatening his life. Let him go his merry way to get a cop job in Visalia.