His last comment is so true. ‘The only reason that we do not share in the guilt of Germans in WWII is because we were not there’. We should never doubt our own ability to acquiesce in behaviour that hurts someone else, but not us.
Speak for yourself. As part of the generation who grew up in the shadow of these crimes, a lot of us are willing to put ourselves at risk against racism. Look at the George Floyd protestors in Seattle, who continued going out night after night, even though they knew there were vans of Trump goons snatching people off the street. So speak for yourself. YOU would keep your head down. YOU would decline to take risks. YOU would put your comfort and your job first. But many Americans have shown they're made of stronger stuff.
@@EyeLean5280 I'm afraid there really is no comparison here. As far as I am aware there is no Gestapo in USA and even your notorious police force are not allowed to use torture. .
@@EyeLean5280 lol, no. Most white Americans think systemic racism means they as individuals are being called racist. They have no interest in examining how they’ve benefitted from American racism.
@@georgesrobitaille3767 What and you're not!? How can you judge EyeLean5280 from a YT comment? Ordinary German people did oppose the Nazis and some managed to escape Germany before they were killed or interred, my mother was one of those - Eyelean5280 may be a similar person. I'm elderly and I've lived in several countries, some under a military dictatorships. In most circumstances I've witnessed a few rare people who will stand up against injustice even when their own lives are threatened. I'm thankful I don't live in the USA, friends have told me it is blighted by ingrained racism, unless more Americans stand with Eyelean5280 and take a similar stance then the USA will remain trapped in fear and injustice. I'm not sure who the Trump goons are, perhaps they have been replaced by Biden goons? @george norris With the exception small communities, I've yet to encounter a police force that doesn't have some officers who don't abuse people (use torture) or cover up instances of abuse when it's made known. YT is full of videos where the police in the USA abuse American citizens, particularly those they view as 'black'.
“We were not there” is a potent reminder that all humans are vulnerable to herd instincts (q.v. the Milgram experiment). Perhaps the lesson of 1920s Germany is to strongly oppose thuggish outgroups as early as possible, when such movements are weakest.
@@VigEuth Back in the 1930's, that were the exact same strategy they used against those who opposed the rise of fascists - paint a portrait of "ANTIFA" being the dangerous ones - and they had so much success with the strategy that even a lot of the moderates jumped on the bandwagon. And they didn’t realize their mistake before NSDAP had seized the power - first when it was basically illegal would people from the Iron Front and AFA start collaborating/merging…. But to be fair, the groups that went before AFA made huge mistakes as well! Just like the more moderates, there was a short period where there was some of the far left groups who believed there was segments within the NSDAP who could be convinced to join forces with them. It’s kind of like when RUclips "opinionists" like Jimmy Dore, who proclaim himself to be a progressive leftist, advocates for seeking collaboration with people from the "Alt-Right"…
@@Vroomfondle1066 There is however a huge difference between the outcome of what the "far-left" and what the far-right want to achieve.. Also, what by many, especially in the US, is believed to be "far-left", isn't! It's just to the left - in a political landscape where the Overton window has been dragged so far right that it's about to fall off the edge of the scale...
After seeing the part about Bishop Otto Dibelius at 11:56, I assumed his career was ruined. Nope. I looked him up on Wikipedia. He sailed right through it and continued to hold high ranking church positions for the rest of his life.
Many Germans who had high positions within the framework of the Church, education, and even the military, had careers after the war. To be fair, it would have been hard to find suitable replacements for them all - but it wasn’t without problems, and it did lead some Germans who opposed this towards the far left - and later on, in spirit, it had some influence on the rise of certain terrorist groups. And it also lead to German Intelligence Services having a blind spot in regard to people on the far right in the years after the war…
You are right. On the other side, we use criteria to evaluate the behaviour of others, which apply also to us. From there comes your question: would have I been able to stand to my standards of judgmemt? It is not about hypocricy, but about uncertainty of characters. However, we need ideals to evaluate behaviour, and our weakness does not make them better.
@@noneyaratman714 it seems a very poor comparison. The Kristallnacht happened in 2 days, was aimed at a a very specific target (less than 1% of the population, and concentrated in the cities, particularly Berlin), had the support of the state, 400 were killed, more than 1000 synagogues were burnt, 30000 people were deported in concentrations camps and was part of a process which led to the extermination of millions. I believe that your post is neither historically accurate not meaningful, because it has more to do with politics that with history.
@@pietroercolano7130 So if six months (at least) of burning down multiple cities, and killing people who had no political connection is not Krystal nacht, then is it reasonable to apply that label to a one day event that had far fewer casualties, and far less property damage?
@@noneyaratman714 Historians contextualise and distinguish, do not (mis-)use historical events for political reasons. If you want to criticize the the protests and the revolts ((I would distinguish between the two aspects) you should start by discussing them rather than proposing pointless comparisons.
His conclusion is very timely, given the recent enthusiasms for reinterpreting history through 21st century sensibilities. An interesting and informative lecture.
@Annoying Commentator The very same tendencies exist today. There’s some sort of "collective amnesia" in regards to where this hyper nationalistic rhetoric has lead us in the past….
Outstanding. Thank you, Prof. Alec Ryrie, for your passionate and insightful lecture. As I watch some of these same activities and prejudices rampaging through the political system and electorate of my country, I fear for the future. I have tried to avoid the "Nazi" argument when addressing my concerns about Donald Trump's presidential administration, but it is becoming increasingly difficult to avoid the obvious comparisons.
Nate Gilbert Its a ridiculous comparison you are making with Trump,you clearly need to develope a better understanding of Trumps objectives and the very different objectives of the neo nazi regime which were definatively anti Jew/corporate global banking dominance and illuminati NWO agendas which begin decades ago,actively lead by the Rothchilds in Europe and the Rockerfellas in U.S.- dig deeper!
I must add that Trumps actions indicate pro banking/Jewish establishment-Goldman Sachs appointees,pro Israel political stance,corporate free market dominance etc.all seek to promote NWO agendas in a way Hitler sought to avoid with very sovereign objectives preserving nationalistic strengths in a different way.Maybe Trump seeks a national agenda as part of a wider globally dominant stance? There are similarities in this regard.I do not seek to dismisss your viewpoint,it is an intriguing conundrum for us observers but at least we are actively engaged in trying to be informed.
I've recently been reading into Hitler, Nazism and the churches of Germany during this time for a college paper. I utterly agree with you, the echo's of Nazism resound within Trumps politics, propaganda, blurring of lines, lies and sense of nationalism. what's even more scary is that people were so excited by Hitlers coming to power and thought he was the savior of Germany, even the Evangelical churches backed him (in part and for a time).
The Reichskonkordat ("Concordat between the Holy See and the German Reich") is a treaty negotiated between the Vatican and the emergent Nazi Germany. It was signed on 20 July 1933 by Cardinal Secretary of State Eugenio Pacelli, who later became Pope Pius XII, on behalf of Pope Pius XI and Vice Chancellor Franz von Papen on behalf of President Paul von Hindenburg and the German government. It was ratified 10 September 1933 and it has been in force from that date onward. The treaty guarantees the rights of the Catholic Church in Germany. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichskonkordat
52:00 "There is only one reason that we do not share in their guilt, it is that we were not there". Very correct, so what is the consequence? What has truly changed about how we conduct politics? The lesson that should have been learned is that centralized power will always be abused. Every call for a political reform, every advocate for a government program is vesting power in an institution and putting us at risk to be in the same situation as our great grandparents. Liberty and personal responsibility are what we should have learned, but the secular religion of the state, our savior the government is as alive today as ever.
I love all your lectures on extreme Christianity. Would you please consider to do one on Mormonism -or if you have already - let me know the lecture title?
"There is only one reason that we do not share in that guilt, and that is that we were not there." Heck of a mic drop. If that is the case then we are guilty: guilty of tending to act the same way -- the grain of truth in Original Sin. Great lecture!
Very few opposed fascism because they lacked the moral character to do so. It's a shame when the very institutions that claim - wrongly so clearly - to own the exclusive rights to morality fail so miserably.
.relevant to think also of the fate of the Palestinian nation because of the Holocaust. . "our" silence when the Apartheid in the occupied Palestine is ignored/tolerated for the fear of "damaging" the stand of a strong ally to the "west"... these crimes will have to be answered for in generations to come . .
The German Christians, with their greatly truncated canon, come across as latter - day Marcionites. Interestingly Adolf von Harnack, the godfather of the movement (so to speak) made a notable effort to rehabilitate Marcion.
@@alanpennie8013 what part of the deuterocanon precludes marcionite tendencies? i don't know how much clearer i can make the question. if you can't understand what i'm asking then you can just leave off, i suppose.
This lecture goes along the lines of David Goldenhagen's book "Hitler's Willing executioners". Briefly Goldenhagen stated that antisemitism in Germany was a social construction that swept people along with it.Through historic texts and so forth. Good lecture though.
It looks very much to me that the cross was on a rather tall pole so it was a bit taller than he was. The light is coming from the ambient light outside and shining into the doorway. Because the cross is metallic, naturally it's reflecting the light, making it look like it's glowing. Look at the facade of the building, because that is lit up, too, especially compared to the darkness inside the church.
Excellent lectures, but your recording or post-processing engineer really ought to learn to use a slow 'glue mix' compressor. Dynamic range is too wide, and you have to adjust the volume all the time.
@@alexrichter1362 the roman catholic church is not Christian it is a man made religion who made themselves arbiters of the salvation of mens souls and made themselves the richest organisation on earth.
My Lord and Savior..Jesus Christ..was Jewish! I've never been able to get beyond this when attempting to explain why any Christian would hate Jews as a people or race...if anything, Jews should be highly respected!
@88Gibson LesPaul I 100% agree, but when I saw what they do to those babys and no one has ever brought it to light; enraged me to a point that made me think "what is it that gives them that power and legal right to perform morbid perversion on another innocent soul?". Freedom of Religion is what gives anyone that right and those Rabbis explain all their freedom of religion, through the physical form of freedom of speech. They probably even have written it into their books over time and that's just another way those vampire rabbis stay protected. Anyone who thinks its okay for jewish rabbis to do what they do, needs to think about saliva from an old man and how it can help protect your wounds on daily basis.... I'm suprised I don't see it in first-aid boxes at work. O'l Man Saliva Super Glue Goo. 🤓
This does not justify anti-Semitism, but the latter part is true is it not? "[...] so that both our chief priests and chiefs [Jews] give Him up to the judgment of death, and they crucify Him" (Luke 24:20) OR "When, then, the chief priests and the deputies [Jews] perceived Him they clamor, saying, 'Crucify! Crucify Him!'" (John 19:6).
Hahahaha virtue signalling liberal with delusions. You can’t be this oblivious and detached from reality? If your opinion of poisonous relation with nation and race were true there wouldn’t be civilization, cultures, ethnicities and nations that produced such cultural significance. People like you are a irrational sickness. Race is also inevitable.
Sadly, some of the quotes from Third Reich Christians could easily be imagined coming from the mouths of Western politicians now. Very interesting lecture.
@@airborne31582 Yup, the squad, AOC + 3, that muslime woman, who couldn't say a word in her own country, didn't denounce the 9/11 attacks as well as antifa's attacks on ICE facilities etc. 88Gibson LesPaul is not very smart if he can't see what the Democrats have become... smearing merchants, who really don't do nothing for the people, especially when elections are coming, but go after Trump. Now it will be all about racism, racism, racism. When you call everything racist nothing is racist as well. Have you seen the Portland narrative by the CNN? Proud Boys were violent because they came to Portland and used tax payers money on... FREE SPEECH! You gotta Bolshevik States coming. Look at Portland, San Francisco and now the newest - LA, CA. Yes, the most richest state is becoming Zimbabwe, just like Rhodesia did. Look into the homeless, needles, violence of crackheads, vermin bringing typhus and now the comeback of the black plague - bubonic plague. Good luck.
@@haroldwilson8081 Actually the seed bed of Polish anti-semitism was their view of the Jewish influence, real or not, upon their primary enemy the Soviet Union. Had Hitler not invaded them it's likely they'd have joined the Third Reich in support of the eastern war against communism. Hungarian anti-semitism was primarily based upon arguments of a grand jewish conspiracy (they were poor and wanted someone to blame for it) and Romania has always had significant portions of Jews and Gypsies that its had problems dealing with. Religion had very little to do with it.
@@lokenontherange It's not likely Poland and Germany would've teamed up. Their ethnic and boarder disputes were too great and their unwillingness(tbh, largely Poland's fault) to come to a diplomatic solution was what started the chain of events we now call WW2.
There is an especially vendictive part of Matthews gospel where the Jews in the crowd are made to say "Yes! crucify him! His blood be on our children" This is not in any other gospel. It is an utterly uttterly unnecessary thing to put in the book. You would think that the holy spirit would have had a word in Matthews ear about it. Or perhaps Matthew didn't listen. This verse was apparently on the lips of the crusaders when they slaughtered people in Jerusalem. I have no doubt it added fuel to the flames of anti-semitism in Germany and elsewhere.
Richard Rickford Matthew was a witness to what happened. Matthews account should never give another believer the right to kill another human being. True followers of Yahushuah spread love not murder. The crusaders were murderers...Sick blood thirsty murderers!!! They in my opinion were not true followers of the Lamb of Yahuah. They lack the good fruit.
@@christopherseton-smith7404 Three great crusaders before that as well as the Reconquista in Spain. The Latin Kingdom was required to get the Orthodox to raise their game.
@@paulrimmer2853 the fourth crusade was no more than a commercial coup undertaken at the behest of the Venetians against the remnant of the Byzantines. It raised no game against Islam. To suggest otherwise is not supported by any historical evidence.
The sound of the speaker often trails away; maybe his fault, maybe the audio setup. As an individual Christian I imagine it would be hard to stand up to the State, only the big boys were able to survive when they objected.
And this is how I spend my early afternoon, before I return to working on art. Historical perspective is crucial to examination of period literature and arts. Thanks, Gresham!
Although Margaret Thature was never ever in the same league as Adolf Hitler I was amazed at how many Christians I met who were as big a supporter of her and the conservative party as they were of Jesus. Its one thing to vote conservative as the best choice of a series of bad options (though I wouldn't) but what would Jesus really think of Margaret Thature and her values?
Amazing. I learned so much. Thank you. For those who couldn't hear the audio the text is here www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/two-kingdoms-in-the-third-reich
Lmao. And hence the dogma of religion begins w the above posts. OP: yes. Agreed. Also, agreed that we’d all b fighting against each other. However that does negate the idea that humans evolve at all...at all...even the most idiotic of them...still in cave...maybe not.
Sadly you people in all to many countries now can learn what their great grandparents had to endure and whether one can nip this fascism thing in the bud if one is vigilant and knows the warning signs... Or whether one ends up like the Cassandra whose warnings are all the more frustratingly unheard the more accurate they are...
It's not a movement and never has been. Christianity in the US has always been multiple disparate movements. Analysing them as one movement is always going to end up as a mess because they've never been unified.
@@lokenontherange I am not sure what the point of your comment is. I did not imply that it is an actual movement (rather, I said that it is _not_ one). My objective was to deny Americanized Christianity any legitimacy, to discuss that the so-called Christianity in contemporary America is not founded on the real Christianity-adherence to Christ.
Excellent lecture. But Ryrie's habit of shouting the first clause or two of every sentence, and then lowering his voice to a whisper is annoying and caused me to miss some of what he said.
Whiney, spineless, self obsessed, with no interest in supporting anyone but themselves, religiously opposed to helping anyone but their own members... Yeah, I think you are right on that one - dead on.
I studied film of the Waffe SS and find out 98% of the Waf- fe SS had black hair (just as Hit- ler, Hess, and others in the Na- zi-top). Kind of weird isn't it?
I believe many of the most fanatical Nazis were from southern Germany/Bavaria/Munich etc and they often have darker hair compared to the fairer ones in the north
A great talk. The allies terror bombed the civilians in Germany and Japan allied with Stalin who some say killed 20 million. Did the churches in allied countries say anything about this or the Bengal famine?
Allied bombing in a many cases went beyond military necessity, initially civilian collateral justified as a limitation of bombing technology. Later it became the norm.
@@mikecain6947 Bishop Bell of Chichester, seeing you ask. And no, he was not whisked away by men in over-sized raincoats but continued as a member of the House of Lords
This subject is not a contest to the highest body count. All sides wanted to win. In war that means everything goes. Your opinion comes from a desire to be fair. Or, your being contradictory for it's own sake. But, your tendency to compare the annihilation of civilians by a system on an industrial scale to acts of war is repulsive. This is a situation where motives matter.
Do not listen with headphones .they sound goes up and down like a Jack in the box. Would loved to have listened to this but alas I can't be bothered adjusting my volume all the time .
It is all rather reminiscent of the UK one hundred years later, admittedly not against Jewish people, but certainly against non-white British people or anyone not obviously "belonging" in the UK. Also the fear of the country's Christian values.
Bid God, en bid goed laat het niet alleen lippen geprevel zijn..en ik zou je nu al van hier uit willen adviseren je niet bezig te houden met het kwade tegen over mij of families, zo zie je maar weer dat ik uit het hout ben dat het gron digste fundament nodig heb! Het fundament van het geloof is in mij grondig nodig, maar ook in u.... Maar zoals ik u ken gaat u altijd heel veel grappen maken over.... Zinds "the cradle " van het fundament is overhandigt aan uw soort maak deze bewuste groep grappen, het ware katholieke geloof is niet om grappen te maken maar om het aan te pakken(zo je wil aannemen) en serieus te beleiden .. Met al die grappen makerij heb je het wel aardig moeilijk gemaakt maar niet alleen mij ,maar ook voor u zelf! Ook versoepel en van het ware geloof is een vorm van grappen makerij, en haatdragenrij gemeentes hier gemeentes daar het gaat mij allemaal niet zo zeer aan , maar het beinvloed de ware groep in het geloof belijdenis zijn dus wel, en wat ze aanroepen over mij!
This guy is way overboard with his vocal dynamics for the use of only one microphone, that's not following his head movements exactly, and not of professional soundstage quality.
Pity he doesn't mention the fact that the entire new testament is fictional. Once one accepts this fact, then everything else can be understood and explained.
@@aaronfitzgerald9109 That wouldn't surprise me one bit: left-fascism has taken over. But try to tell me what your ideas are and let's see if they get through here. Looking forward. Best wishes and be well.
This overused idea about "if we were there...we would have done no better..."; does it refer to every other member of the human species everywhere and forever? If not why not?
My mother and father lived during the war in Germany. They told me many chilling stories. Their experience was that the pagan papal church was allowed to continue as well as any other church willing to look the other way, but the real children of the most high were murdered for speaking out. Satan hates Yahuah’s children. It’s a war on Yahuah’s follows this includes Jews and Muslims as well. All three groups recognize Torah as truth. They are a threat and an enemy of Satan. It’s a spiritual battle of good and evil. All humans play a part.
Kindly don't paint Pagans with the same brush as the Catholic sociopaths. Its historically incorrect Its religiously incorrect - just because you happen not to agree with their interpretation does not remove them from Christianity. I always find it hilarious that protestantism comes about because of an argument about paying for a new Church roof... That says it *all*.
Very poor. How is it possible to give a lecture like this without a single reference to Marcion and Marcionite Christianity?. Also plenty of the fake theatricality in delivery typical of the worst of academia.
@Islayman Probably your favourite lecturer would not care to defend his personal speaking style, but I'm sure he would have something to say about my first point. Do you? And do you think he would approve of the intellectual level of your comment?
It was more of a political editorial or statement of opinion than a lecture. The presentation is overy theaterical and dumbed down for a mass audience. His thesis is also muddy at best. In the end, he basically suggests that the german protestant church's response to n**ism was a story of historical inevitability. That it came out of something like the will of nature rather than being the particular failure of any individuals. He suggests at the end that any individuals placed in that situation would have made the same choices. He suggests that rather than choices of individuals or groups, everything was predestined by a sort of "fate". He wants to both moralize and to wear the guilt as a sort of original sin on himself. We are all somehow guilty but our guilt is a historical inevitablity. Lame.
His last comment is so true. ‘The only reason that we do not share in the guilt of Germans in WWII is because we were not there’. We should never doubt our own ability to acquiesce in behaviour that hurts someone else, but not us.
Speak for yourself. As part of the generation who grew up in the shadow of these crimes, a lot of us are willing to put ourselves at risk against racism. Look at the George Floyd protestors in Seattle, who continued going out night after night, even though they knew there were vans of Trump goons snatching people off the street. So speak for yourself. YOU would keep your head down. YOU would decline to take risks. YOU would put your comfort and your job first. But many Americans have shown they're made of stronger stuff.
@@EyeLean5280 I'm afraid there really is no comparison here. As far as I am aware there is no Gestapo in USA and even your notorious police force are not allowed to use torture. .
@@EyeLean5280 You are a self righteous child.
@@EyeLean5280 lol, no. Most white Americans think systemic racism means they as individuals are being called racist. They have no interest in examining how they’ve benefitted from American racism.
@@georgesrobitaille3767 What and you're not!? How can you judge EyeLean5280 from a YT comment? Ordinary German people did oppose the Nazis and some managed to escape Germany before they were killed or interred, my mother was one of those - Eyelean5280 may be a similar person. I'm elderly and I've lived in several countries, some under a military dictatorships. In most circumstances I've witnessed a few rare people who will stand up against injustice even when their own lives are threatened. I'm thankful I don't live in the USA, friends have told me it is blighted by ingrained racism, unless more Americans stand with Eyelean5280 and take a similar stance then the USA will remain trapped in fear and injustice. I'm not sure who the Trump goons are, perhaps they have been replaced by Biden goons?
@george norris With the exception small communities, I've yet to encounter a police force that doesn't have some officers who don't abuse people (use torture) or cover up instances of abuse when it's made known. YT is full of videos where the police in the USA abuse American citizens, particularly those they view as 'black'.
_"..the 1920s had been something of an ordeal..."_
The British gift for understatement.
It used to be, not so much now.
@@grumpyoldman8661 Depends who is speaking, to be honest.
they have a studied inability to say what they mean.
@@conantheseptuagenarian3824 I don't think so.
@@maxcuthbert100 I agree. In the United States, we have almost lost the art of subtlety.
This series should be required watching for all "Christians".
Professor Ryrie is so effective. Direct, clear, fact based. Excellent
“We were not there” is a potent reminder that all humans are vulnerable to herd instincts (q.v. the Milgram experiment). Perhaps the lesson of 1920s Germany is to strongly oppose thuggish outgroups as early as possible, when such movements are weakest.
bUT tHE ANTIFAS aRE mEaN aND ScARY
Yes, we must support groups like antifa which arose in the 1930s to oppose the rising fascism in Europe.
@@NuncNuncNuncNunc Antifa is the new SA.
@@VigEuth
Back in the 1930's, that were the exact same strategy they used against those who opposed the rise of fascists - paint a portrait of "ANTIFA" being the dangerous ones - and they had so much success with the strategy that even a lot of the moderates jumped on the bandwagon.
And they didn’t realize their mistake before NSDAP had seized the power - first when it was basically illegal would people from the Iron Front and AFA start collaborating/merging….
But to be fair, the groups that went before AFA made huge mistakes as well!
Just like the more moderates, there was a short period where there was some of the far left groups who believed there was segments within the NSDAP who could be convinced to join forces with them.
It’s kind of like when RUclips "opinionists" like Jimmy Dore, who proclaim himself to be a progressive leftist, advocates for seeking collaboration with people from the "Alt-Right"…
@@Vroomfondle1066
There is however a huge difference between the outcome of what the "far-left" and what the far-right want to achieve..
Also, what by many, especially in the US, is believed to be "far-left", isn't!
It's just to the left - in a political landscape where the Overton window has been dragged so far right that it's about to fall off the edge of the scale...
After seeing the part about Bishop Otto Dibelius at 11:56, I assumed his career was ruined. Nope. I looked him up on Wikipedia. He sailed right through it and continued to hold high ranking church positions for the rest of his life.
Many Germans who had high positions within the framework of the Church, education, and even the military, had careers after the war.
To be fair, it would have been hard to find suitable replacements for them all - but it wasn’t without problems, and it did lead some Germans who opposed this towards the far left - and later on, in spirit, it had some influence on the rise of certain terrorist groups.
And it also lead to German Intelligence Services having a blind spot in regard to people on the far right in the years after the war…
I especially liked the ending. It's very easy to criticise others from a safe distance and pretend that we would never have behaved as they did
You are right. On the other side, we use criteria to evaluate the behaviour of others, which apply also to us. From there comes your question: would have I been able to stand to my standards of judgmemt? It is not about hypocricy, but about uncertainty of characters. However, we need ideals to evaluate behaviour, and our weakness does not make them better.
Was there more or less outcry over Kristallnacht than over the political violence that we saw last year?
Not so far away after all.
@@noneyaratman714 it seems a very poor comparison. The Kristallnacht happened in 2 days, was aimed at a a very specific target (less than 1% of the population, and concentrated in the cities, particularly Berlin), had the support of the state, 400 were killed, more than 1000 synagogues were burnt, 30000 people were deported in concentrations camps and was part of a process which led to the extermination of millions. I believe that your post is neither historically accurate not meaningful, because it has more to do with politics that with history.
@@pietroercolano7130 So if six months (at least) of burning down multiple cities, and killing people who had no political connection is not Krystal nacht, then is it reasonable to apply that label to a one day event that had far fewer casualties, and far less property damage?
@@noneyaratman714 Historians contextualise and distinguish, do not (mis-)use historical events for political reasons. If you want to criticize the the protests and the revolts ((I would distinguish between the two aspects) you should start by discussing them rather than proposing pointless comparisons.
Thank you for this lecture. Clear and concise delivery.
His conclusion is very timely, given the recent enthusiasms for reinterpreting history through 21st century sensibilities. An interesting and informative lecture.
We were not there ( WWI AND WWII) is true enough. But "WE" are here now ( 21st Century). We can do better Now ( 1.4.2021-ff).
@Annoying Commentator
The very same tendencies exist today.
There’s some sort of "collective amnesia" in regards to where this hyper nationalistic rhetoric has lead us in the past….
That last sentence struck hard. Because it’s true.
Jordan Peterson always says a similar thing.
What can we say, people are people.
Outstanding. Thank you, Prof. Alec Ryrie, for your passionate and insightful lecture. As I watch some of these same activities and prejudices rampaging through the political system and electorate of my country, I fear for the future. I have tried to avoid the "Nazi" argument when addressing my concerns about Donald Trump's presidential administration, but it is becoming increasingly difficult to avoid the obvious comparisons.
Nate Gilbert Its a ridiculous comparison you are making with Trump,you clearly need to develope a better understanding of Trumps objectives and the very different objectives of the neo nazi regime which were definatively anti Jew/corporate global banking dominance and illuminati NWO agendas which begin decades ago,actively lead by the Rothchilds in Europe and the Rockerfellas in U.S.- dig deeper!
I must add that Trumps actions indicate pro banking/Jewish establishment-Goldman Sachs appointees,pro Israel political stance,corporate free market dominance etc.all seek to promote NWO agendas in a way Hitler sought to avoid with very sovereign objectives preserving nationalistic strengths in a different way.Maybe Trump seeks a national agenda as part of a wider globally dominant stance? There are similarities in this regard.I do not seek to dismisss your viewpoint,it is an intriguing conundrum for us observers but at least we are actively engaged in trying to be informed.
You must be joking . How can you compare America 2018 to Germany 1930's ! Lol
Every one of Trump's kids (sans 2) are married to Jews. But yeah, he's a total nazi. You fucking wanker.
I've recently been reading into Hitler, Nazism and the churches of Germany during this time for a college paper. I utterly agree with you, the echo's of Nazism resound within Trumps politics, propaganda, blurring of lines, lies and sense of nationalism. what's even more scary is that people were so excited by Hitlers coming to power and thought he was the savior of Germany, even the Evangelical churches backed him (in part and for a time).
The Reichskonkordat ("Concordat between the Holy See and the German Reich") is a treaty negotiated between the Vatican and the emergent Nazi Germany. It was signed on 20 July 1933 by Cardinal Secretary of State Eugenio Pacelli, who later became Pope Pius XII, on behalf of Pope Pius XI and Vice Chancellor Franz von Papen on behalf of President Paul von Hindenburg and the German government. It was ratified 10 September 1933 and it has been in force from that date onward. The treaty guarantees the rights of the Catholic Church in Germany.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichskonkordat
52:00 "There is only one reason that we do not share in their guilt, it is that we were not there".
Very correct, so what is the consequence? What has truly changed about how we conduct politics? The lesson that should have been learned is that centralized power will always be abused. Every call for a political reform, every advocate for a government program is vesting power in an institution and putting us at risk to be in the same situation as our great grandparents. Liberty and personal responsibility are what we should have learned, but the secular religion of the state, our savior the government is as alive today as ever.
I love all your lectures on extreme Christianity. Would you please consider to do one on Mormonism -or if you have already - let me know the lecture title?
"There is only one reason that we do not share in that guilt, and that is that we were not there." Heck of a mic drop. If that is the case then we are guilty: guilty of tending to act the same way -- the grain of truth in Original Sin. Great lecture!
25:07 _”True Christian love means protecting the nation from the feckless and inferior.”_ Some wild interpretations..
It isn't anything like the Christianity I was taught, Night of the World.
Very few opposed fascism because they lacked the moral character to do so. It's a shame when the very institutions that claim - wrongly so clearly - to own the exclusive rights to morality fail so miserably.
Are there any good books on this subject?
Lucy S. Davidowicz, "The War Against the Jews"
.relevant to think also of the fate of the Palestinian nation because of the Holocaust. . "our" silence when the Apartheid in the occupied Palestine is ignored/tolerated for the fear of "damaging" the stand of a strong ally to the "west"... these crimes will have to be answered for in generations to come . .
A very useful lecture. Thanks for posting, Gresham!
The German Christians, with their greatly truncated canon, come across as latter - day Marcionites.
Interestingly Adolf von Harnack, the godfather of the movement (so to speak) made a notable effort to rehabilitate Marcion.
what part of the apocrypha precludes marcionism?
@@conantheseptuagenarian3824
Huh?
@@alanpennie8013 what part of the deuterocanon precludes marcionite tendencies? i don't know how much clearer i can make the question. if you can't understand what i'm asking then you can just leave off, i suppose.
@@conantheseptuagenarian3824 You could start with Tertullian I suppose
This lecture goes along the lines of David Goldenhagen's book "Hitler's Willing executioners".
Briefly Goldenhagen stated that antisemitism in Germany was a social construction that swept people along with it.Through historic texts and so forth. Good lecture though.
What a powerful final statement!
How do I spell name name of "bonhoffer"?
Looks like some very early photoshop at 20:42. How is that cross lit up and floating over Hitler's head?
It looks very much to me that the cross was on a rather tall pole so it was a bit taller than he was. The light is coming from the ambient light outside and shining into the doorway. Because the cross is metallic, naturally it's reflecting the light, making it look like it's glowing. Look at the facade of the building, because that is lit up, too, especially compared to the darkness inside the church.
There is a wrought iron gate he is passing through, and atop of its centre bar sits a gold cross that's lit up by sunlight. A cleverly staged shot.
Excellent lectures, but your recording or post-processing engineer really ought to learn to use a slow 'glue mix' compressor. Dynamic range is too wide, and you have to adjust the volume all the time.
I could hear it perfectly well on my phone speaker and I have hearing difficulties!
Brilliant lecture. Absolutely brilliant. Thank you so much for this.
The opposite of the English approach at the time to protestantism of fusion of Church and State
"The Romans were somehow forgiven".
Well duh, they converted.
And descended into the dark ages.
A term probably invented by Protestants but it’s not true
The romans remained pagans as they are to this day so they did not convert
@@ricdavid7476 Ever heard of the Roman Catholic Church?
@@alexrichter1362 the roman catholic church is not Christian it is a man made religion who made themselves arbiters of the salvation of mens souls and made themselves the richest organisation on earth.
46:23 IOW, the State knew that while the Volk might in principle accept euthanasia, the practice was a bit too far.
The American people readily accepted it at the time.
@@ThePtoleme you need to reread my comment. It was the scale which caused the outrage.
True believers (in Christ) have zero hostility toward Jews, nor do we "blame them for killing Christ".
My Lord and Savior..Jesus Christ..was Jewish! I've never been able to get beyond this when attempting to explain why any Christian would hate Jews as a people or race...if anything, Jews should be highly respected!
Have you seen Jewish Rabbi's and what they do after a circumcision on a baby? Anyone who thinks it's okay, is messed up in the head.
@88Gibson LesPaul I 100% agree, but when I saw what they do to those babys and no one has ever brought it to light; enraged me to a point that made me think "what is it that gives them that power and legal right to perform morbid perversion on another innocent soul?". Freedom of Religion is what gives anyone that right and those Rabbis explain all their freedom of religion, through the physical form of freedom of speech. They probably even have written it into their books over time and that's just another way those vampire rabbis stay protected. Anyone who thinks its okay for jewish rabbis to do what they do, needs to think about saliva from an old man and how it can help protect your wounds on daily basis.... I'm suprised I don't see it in first-aid boxes at work. O'l Man Saliva Super Glue Goo. 🤓
@@disoriented1 But certainly Christians can't believe that Jews are not going to hell since they reject our savior.
This does not justify anti-Semitism, but the latter part is true is it not? "[...] so that both our chief priests and chiefs [Jews] give Him up to the judgment of death, and they crucify Him" (Luke 24:20) OR "When, then, the chief priests and the deputies [Jews] perceived Him they clamor, saying, 'Crucify! Crucify Him!'" (John 19:6).
38:50 most important part.
Is there any answer to the poison of race and nationality?
It is not a poison, is the what is true, if you oppose racial order you will be punished for siding with liberalism.
Hahahaha virtue signalling liberal with delusions. You can’t be this oblivious and detached from reality? If your opinion of poisonous relation with nation and race were true there wouldn’t be civilization, cultures, ethnicities and nations that produced such cultural significance. People like you are a irrational sickness. Race is also inevitable.
Truly excellent presentation - food for much thought
Sadly, some of the quotes from Third Reich Christians could easily be imagined coming from the mouths of Western politicians now.
Very interesting lecture.
88Gibson LesPaul Several members of congress are openly anti-Semitic....one even said the Holocaust gives her a "calming feeling"....
@@airborne31582 Yup, the squad, AOC + 3, that muslime woman, who couldn't say a word in her own country, didn't denounce the 9/11 attacks as well as antifa's attacks on ICE facilities etc.
88Gibson LesPaul is not very smart if he can't see what the Democrats have become... smearing merchants, who really don't do nothing for the people, especially when elections are coming, but go after Trump. Now it will be all about racism, racism, racism. When you call everything racist nothing is racist as well.
Have you seen the Portland narrative by the CNN? Proud Boys were violent because they came to Portland and used tax payers money on... FREE SPEECH! You gotta Bolshevik States coming. Look at Portland, San Francisco and now the newest - LA, CA. Yes, the most richest state is becoming Zimbabwe, just like Rhodesia did. Look into the homeless, needles, violence of crackheads, vermin bringing typhus and now the comeback of the black plague - bubonic plague. Good luck.
@@belladonnahigh9206 It is not the Democrats going around with torches and proclaiming, "Jews will not replace us!"
Tough economic times go hand in glove with scapegoating marginalized groups.
@@youtubeuser8522 You said exactly why we see Nazis. Trump supported these people. If it looks like a duck..........
The European colonialist mindset doesn't account for the rampant antisemitism that was also prevalent in Poland, Hungary, Romania, the Baltics, etc.
John Soutar
Really, how suprising, then, that in all the countries you list, the seed bed of their anti semitsm was religion.
@@haroldwilson8081 Actually the seed bed of Polish anti-semitism was their view of the Jewish influence, real or not, upon their primary enemy the Soviet Union. Had Hitler not invaded them it's likely they'd have joined the Third Reich in support of the eastern war against communism. Hungarian anti-semitism was primarily based upon arguments of a grand jewish conspiracy (they were poor and wanted someone to blame for it) and Romania has always had significant portions of Jews and Gypsies that its had problems dealing with. Religion had very little to do with it.
@@lokenontherange Yes! that's because they have different histories and at the core are fundamentally different people's
@@lokenontherange It's not likely Poland and Germany would've teamed up. Their ethnic and boarder disputes were too great and their unwillingness(tbh, largely Poland's fault) to come to a diplomatic solution was what started the chain of events we now call WW2.
@@alexdunphy3716 You can say the same about Italy and Germany but they did it anyway.
There is an especially vendictive part of Matthews gospel where the Jews in the crowd are made to say "Yes! crucify him! His blood be on our children" This is not in any other gospel. It is an utterly uttterly unnecessary thing to put in the book. You would think that the holy spirit would have had a word in Matthews ear about it. Or perhaps Matthew didn't listen. This verse was apparently on the lips of the crusaders when they slaughtered people in Jerusalem. I have no doubt it added fuel to the flames of anti-semitism in Germany and elsewhere.
Richard Rickford Matthew was a witness to what happened. Matthews account should never give another believer the right to kill another human being.
True followers of Yahushuah spread love not murder. The crusaders were murderers...Sick blood thirsty murderers!!! They in my opinion were not true followers of the Lamb of Yahuah. They lack the good fruit.
The Crusaders fought Islam. Maybe we should just have rolled over & been exterminated.
@@paulrimmer2853 that must have been a consolation to Constantinople in 1204.
@@christopherseton-smith7404 Three great crusaders before that as well as the Reconquista in Spain. The Latin Kingdom was required to get the Orthodox to raise their game.
@@paulrimmer2853 the fourth crusade was no more than a commercial coup undertaken at the behest of the Venetians against the remnant of the Byzantines. It raised no game against Islam. To suggest otherwise is not supported by any historical evidence.
The sound of the speaker often trails away; maybe his fault, maybe the audio setup. As an individual Christian I imagine it would be hard to stand up to the State, only the big boys were able to survive when they objected.
The speaker is not standing up to any state.
These people never stand up to anything, they're all yap.
@@davidwatkins204 That's a broad vague generalization.
This was extraordinary.
excellent.
Excellent lecture. Shame about the poor audio recording.
Excellent lecture. Thank you
And this is how I spend my early afternoon, before I return to working on art. Historical perspective is crucial to examination of period literature and arts.
Thanks, Gresham!
Incredible presentation and sublime conclusions , one of the best talks, if not they best, on the topic I’ve heard to date
Although Margaret Thature was never ever in the same league as Adolf Hitler I was amazed at how many Christians I met who were as big a supporter of her and the conservative party as they were of Jesus. Its one thing to vote conservative as the best choice of a series of bad options (though I wouldn't) but what would Jesus really think of Margaret Thature and her values?
Thank you for these excellent lectures. Imminently interesting and informative to a non-academic like me, and probably academics as well.
We were not there ( WWI AND WWII) is true enough. But "WE" are here now ( 21st Century). We can do better Now ( 1.4.2021-ff).
Amazing. I learned so much. Thank you.
For those who couldn't hear the audio the text is here www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/two-kingdoms-in-the-third-reich
Pagans of the classical world very often disliked Jews as have Muslims; THAT is not due to Christian beliefs
Fascinating lecture.
Thank you for posting.
Fascinating
What about Margret Sanger ? What's missing here? Twisting blame?
The creation of religion was inevitable, all it took was the first shyster to meet the first fool
Lmao. And hence the dogma of religion begins w the above posts.
OP: yes. Agreed. Also, agreed that we’d all b fighting against each other. However that does negate the idea that humans evolve at all...at all...even the most idiotic of them...still in cave...maybe not.
And you're both.
The Father of Lies was hard at work in the German society and the Church. How sad.
41:50 I'm not surprised
Sadly you people in all to many countries now can learn what their great grandparents had to endure and whether one can nip this fascism thing in the bud if one is vigilant and knows the warning signs... Or whether one ends up like the Cassandra whose warnings are all the more frustratingly unheard the more accurate they are...
Thanks
13:00
A very compelling lecture.
Killer lecture. Thank you.
Interesting lecture.
Americanized Christianity is not a Christian movement in any meaningful sense.
It's not a movement and never has been. Christianity in the US has always been multiple disparate movements. Analysing them as one movement is always going to end up as a mess because they've never been unified.
@@lokenontherange I am not sure what the point of your comment is. I did not imply that it is an actual movement (rather, I said that it is _not_ one).
My objective was to deny Americanized Christianity any legitimacy, to discuss that the so-called Christianity in contemporary America is not founded on the real Christianity-adherence to Christ.
nor is romanism or protestantism they are all man made
no true scotsman etc.
Excellent lecture. But Ryrie's habit of shouting the first clause or two of every sentence, and then lowering his voice to a whisper is annoying and caused me to miss some of what he said.
A superb talk.
The good news is we have evolved since 1940s germany, the bad news is we might do it all over again as a satire.
What you call "evolution" is just brainwashing ans dumbing down. But you certainly think you're better than your ancestors.
The Germans were probably the most educated people on the planet. And that’s what they succumbed to.
You may have evolved since the 40s and you may do it all over again, but it won't be no satire.
@@Apriluser just because publications are commonly in English, they aren't any less often trough Germans... Affordable Public education has advantages
@@Apriluser Educated, philosophical, refined. And yet...
wow
41:40Jehovah’s Witnesses: the only Christians that behaved like Christians.
Whiney, spineless, self obsessed, with no interest in supporting anyone but themselves, religiously opposed to helping anyone but their own members... Yeah, I think you are right on that one - dead on.
Read the hiding place
There have been plenty representatives from all branches of Christianity persecuted by the nazis, not all for following their leadership.
@@rosiehawtrey Can you cite some examples?
@@fionafiona1146 Individuals yes. But they did not have their hierarchy behind them. These were either cow-towing or keeping silent.
We are watching history repeat itself .
The vaccination /health passport is the next yellow star.
Look at what happened in America yesterday. Church and state, Christianity and nationalism should always be separate.
@@anonralph7081 What is lacking in ones life that they have to invent gods.
Jéhovah Witnesses were the most persecuted Christian group also. Despite their efforts to remodel themselves.
except that JW are not Christians
Excellent concluding sentence.
I studied film of
the Waffe SS
and find out
98% of the Waf-
fe SS had black
hair (just as Hit-
ler, Hess, and
others in the Na-
zi-top). Kind of
weird isn't it?
I believe many of the most fanatical Nazis were from southern Germany/Bavaria/Munich etc and they often have darker hair compared to the fairer ones in the north
were you watching black and white film?
@@vahvistus 😄😆🤣
but surely the fact that they got the trains to run on time must stand for something!!
Thought the " trains on time Fascist " was Mussolini.
A great talk. The allies terror bombed the civilians in Germany and Japan allied with Stalin who some say killed 20 million. Did the churches in allied countries say anything about this or the Bengal famine?
Allied bombing in a many cases went beyond military necessity, initially civilian collateral justified as a limitation of bombing technology. Later it became the norm.
@@jimgraham6722 Who spoke out against this during the war?
@@mikecain6947 Bishop Bell of Chichester, seeing you ask. And no, he was not whisked away by men in over-sized raincoats but continued as a member of the House of Lords
@@jimgraham6722 How many German and Japanese civilians died?
This subject is not a contest to the highest body count. All sides wanted to win. In war that means everything goes. Your opinion comes from a desire to be fair. Or, your being contradictory for it's own sake. But, your tendency to compare the annihilation of civilians by a system on an industrial scale to acts of war is repulsive. This is a situation where motives matter.
Do not listen with headphones .they sound goes up and down like a Jack in the box. Would loved to have listened to this but alas I can't be bothered adjusting my volume all the time .
free editorial
It is all rather reminiscent of the UK one hundred years later, admittedly not against Jewish people, but certainly against non-white British people or anyone not obviously "belonging" in the UK. Also the fear of the country's Christian values.
Alec Ryrie:
The only chap holding academia together right now
Bid God, en bid goed laat het niet alleen lippen geprevel zijn..en ik zou je nu al van hier uit willen adviseren je niet bezig te houden met het kwade tegen over mij of families, zo zie je maar weer dat ik uit het hout ben dat het gron digste fundament nodig heb!
Het fundament van het geloof is in mij grondig nodig, maar ook in u....
Maar zoals ik u ken gaat u altijd heel veel grappen maken over....
Zinds "the cradle " van het fundament is overhandigt aan uw soort maak deze bewuste groep grappen, het ware katholieke geloof is niet om grappen te maken maar om het aan te pakken(zo je wil aannemen) en serieus te beleiden ..
Met al die grappen makerij heb je het wel aardig moeilijk gemaakt maar niet alleen mij ,maar ook voor u zelf!
Ook versoepel en van het ware geloof is een vorm van grappen makerij, en haatdragenrij gemeentes hier gemeentes daar het gaat mij allemaal niet zo zeer aan , maar het beinvloed de ware groep in het geloof belijdenis zijn dus wel, en wat ze aanroepen over mij!
Wish I could understand Dutch.
That kind of ended on a fire and brimstone note and also unintentionally lets the German populace off the hook. Otherwise, good talk
2 many excuses are blamed on culture religion and pride in nation and peoples.
This guy is way overboard with his vocal dynamics for the use of only one microphone, that's not following his head movements exactly, and not of professional soundstage quality.
How many college lecture have you attended? He’s lucky to have a microphone at all.
Nemecko ešte naučili Adolf kresliť Hakove kríže pre aj dnes hľadajú prácu ako maľovať kríže zástavy železa drôty
Puro ganar con el rey. Jesus
Bordering on flat out shouting and finishing sentences in a whisper is no way to communicate, especially when using a mickey mouse system.
They somehow let off the Roman's
Romans weren't the ones the trade Christ for barabbas .- just to give you an example
This is frighteningly prescient.
musí mať každý svoj názor a ne byť fanúšik systému teroru
I made until 2:04. This guy is already ultra biased.
My comment was removed after 5 mins. No insults, no bad language, just a counter argument.
@@jolevy4569 run your comment again. but. in the most scholarly languague, ive seen that work.
POTUS45 had his " Bishop Mueller too.
Pity he doesn't mention the fact that the entire new testament is fictional. Once one accepts this fact, then everything else can be understood and explained.
mind elaborating?
For Germany
?
@@YbYBwRbY i can not say what i need, youtube deletes my comments instantly
@@aaronfitzgerald9109 Why is that?
Rabid censorship
@@aaronfitzgerald9109 That wouldn't surprise me one bit: left-fascism has taken over. But try to tell me what your ideas are and let's see if they get through here. Looking forward. Best wishes and be well.
How many T4 where christians my guess is most. If it walks like a duck.
my uncle was killed under T4 aged 22
@@ricdavid7476 such a sad chapter for humanity.
This overused idea about "if we were there...we would have done no better..."; does it refer to every other member of the human species everywhere and forever? If not why not?
People did stand up & were killed. You do not know enough history mate.
Let's place the root of anti-Jewish/anti-Semitic European attitudes directly where it belongs. At the Papal See. It all stems from Roman policy.
Ha ha ha what circus did you escape from
@Islayman what about it? It's no more than a Pauline Lie.
My mother and father lived during the war in Germany. They told me many chilling stories.
Their experience was that the pagan papal church was allowed to continue as well as any other church willing to look the other way, but the real children of the most high were murdered for speaking out. Satan hates Yahuah’s children.
It’s a war on Yahuah’s follows this includes Jews and Muslims as well.
All three groups recognize Torah as truth. They are a threat and an enemy of Satan.
It’s a spiritual battle of good and evil.
All humans play a part.
Kindly don't paint Pagans with the same brush as the Catholic sociopaths.
Its historically incorrect
Its religiously incorrect - just because you happen not to agree with their interpretation does not remove them from Christianity.
I always find it hilarious that protestantism comes about because of an argument about paying for a new Church roof... That says it *all*.
Very poor. How is it possible to give a lecture like this without a single reference to Marcion and Marcionite Christianity?. Also plenty of the fake theatricality in delivery typical of the worst of academia.
@Islayman Probably your favourite lecturer would not care to defend his personal speaking style, but I'm sure he would have something to say about my first point. Do you? And do you think he would approve of the intellectual level of your comment?
It was more of a political editorial or statement of opinion than a lecture. The presentation is overy theaterical and dumbed down for a mass audience. His thesis is also muddy at best. In the end, he basically suggests that the german protestant church's response to n**ism was a story of historical inevitability. That it came out of something like the will of nature rather than being the particular failure of any individuals. He suggests at the end that any individuals placed in that situation would have made the same choices. He suggests that rather than choices of individuals or groups, everything was predestined by a sort of "fate". He wants to both moralize and to wear the guilt as a sort of original sin on himself. We are all somehow guilty but our guilt is a historical inevitablity. Lame.
Arrogant academic with an agenda 😂
Germans will never change. They are happy being led.