Super cooled material capable of super conductivity at extremely low temperatures warms up to the point it is no longer a super conductor. Kyle, "oh, he cooled down". Simply misspoke, got em though! It's the composite material not the magnet that is super cooled.
I was just watching shadoversity's analysis of the frypan weapon effeciancy but he never got into the impact ability of it. Could we get an episode looking into this aspect of the weapon?
My favorite statement about quantuum mechanics is still: "Its easy basically you have two balls that are spinning around each other, except they arent really balls and they arent really spinning."
I think people tend to use words inaccurately without thinking about exactly what they are saying. If something heats up it gets hotter and when it heats down it gets colder, so cooling up would imply it gets colder and cooling down would imply getting hotter, Kyle is technically correct, the best kind of correct.
@@RafaelusOptimus The working temperature of the magnets has nothing to do with the point I was trying to make with how people just say phrases without looking at the individual words and how they relate to each other.
“... you don’t understand quantum mechanics.” As someone who was bored and read a Wikipedia page on basic quantum mechanics and got a massive headache... I agree.
Magnets: "they are no joke" My 10 yr old brother: "I'm gonna use these tiny neodymium magnets as a pretend septum piercing." 20mins later: We might need to go to the e.r.... We managed to finally get them out of his nose shortly after mum had conceded to needing to go to the e.r. much to the panicked chagrin of my brother. Tried fingers, tweezers, and a number of other things, but they just started going farther up his nose. Looking back, now that he's safe, watching his egotistical impressiveness devolve slowly into anxious panic was actual morbidly hilarious. He also got his head stuck in between the stair banister when he was about 2. Both were direct results of him being told not to do that, of course.
@Amarianee: Reminds me of that scene in _A Hard Day's Night_ where Ringo talks about getting his head stuck in a bannister. Also, I don't know why, but when I first read septum, I thought you were talking about a Prince Albert piercing, which prolly would've been infinitely more damaging AND embarrassing.
@@sdfkjgh 😂 omg, that would have been infinitely worse! I specified just so no one got it confused with the side of the nose, which would have been MUCH easier to remove.
To quote the great doctor house, "how old are you?" "eight" "and he ate something stuck to the side of a fridge? Darwin says let him die". Swallowing or inhaling magnets is like getting shot without actually getting shot.
This is awesome. On the hoverboard topic: would it be possible to use this effect to create some sort of hoverboard skate park? With like, big super cooled magnets in the ground or something? I feel like it'd be wildly impractical but it would be pretty neat. Love the show, Kyle! Edit: I thought about this a little more. You could have a system of tubes feeding liquid nitrogen to beds of magnets along rails or in the ground, sort of like how liquid cooling works in computers. The only thing is, does this effect provide a lot of resistance? It looked like you were only gently touching it and it moved. Not sure how you would do tricks or jump or whatnot if there wasnt a lot of resistance.
If that magnet could stay cold forever, would it then be perpetual? But that's the problem heats inevitably wants to seep in and it takes energy elsewhere to ensure an isolated pocket of cold.
@@Theoq99 Is the superconductor colder than empty space? If not, it could theoretically work indefinitely in an environment with no external heat like space. Even if it did work forever, it wouldn’t generate infinite energy. It would only just perfectly store the energy it uses to keep moving. That could maybe have some practical use as a long-term battery. Idk, I’m not a physicist.
@@Theoq99 Nope. It would lose energy through other means. If it's in air, there's going to be some sir resistance, even if it looks very round there will be some drag. Vacuum? Good luck making a vacuum with exactly 0 particles in it, but even if you did, it would lose energy other ways e.g. gravitational waves (suuuuper slowly but still at a non-zero rate). There are things that do continue moving without losing energy: superfluids. Just like how in superconductors, the electrons can move without resistance, superfluids flow without resistance. If you cool, for example, liquid helium below its "lambda point" (about 2K) it becomes a superfluid. You can create vortices in it that (unless something is done to stop them) never stop spinning.... If you keep them cold forever, which, as you pointed out, is not a simple task without using energy to cool it.
@@Theoq99 I think there's also the problem that it only started spinning when he messed with it. I'm fairly sure for it to be considered perpetual motion, it has to be moving without an outside force acting on it. Basically something like, if you grab the thing and hold it in place and then slowly let go and it never starts to move again unless you mess with it, then it wouldn't be perpetual motion because it needs an initial force or something like that, while if you slowly let it go and it starts moving again on its own, then that is considered perpetual motion because there was no initiating force. Or something like that, I vaguely remember reading something along those lines a while ago at least, but that may not have been correct.
Fun fact... the craft that have been reported around the world for Centuries that are best known as UFOs, use a process known as electromagnetic gravitics to “fly”... but they don’t actually fly and they’re not unidentified. The forms a magnetic field that acts as an anti gravity barrier that allows them to basically seperate from the space around it and the perceptual universe/reality that we operate in.... this technology has existed for over 100 years and earth has actually been kept in a perceptual matrix where people are in a state where they believe that 1. This technology isn’t possible and 2. The concept of “nothingness”.... but nothingness by its own definition does not exist... not one scientific study ever done has ever supported the idea of “nothing”...
Yora yeah they are... also your consciousness is a singularity... your brain doesn’t create its own consciousness but connects to it like wifi... that means everyone in the universe is literally the same person... the aliens are waiting for us to figure that out before any public interaction can be made... the reason I know that is because every year there are more and more reports, every year we have more and more people coming out of the USAPs and testifying on the existentence of technology and I’ve seen one... it’s not that big of a deal bro... the media is a weapon that lies to the public... did you really think they were telling the truth?
@@zeusaurel6714 ? I'm a little confused, what do Sirs Ian and Patrick have to do with anything (I mean, beyond being old British dudes) that would make them a poor choice to love?
This would make hockey amazing! Assuming you could rustle up a magnetized hockey rink, sticks and padding/gloves/helmets/etc. Maybe the sticks could have a flip switch to reverse the polarity, from "grip the puck" to "shoot the puck". :)
The whole time 😅 "Eddies," said Ford, "in the space-time continuum." "Ah," nodded Arthur, "is he. Is he." ... "What?" said Ford. "Er, who," said Arthur, "is Eddy, then, exactly, then?" Ford looked angrily at him. "Will you listen?" he snapped. "I have been listening," said Arthur, "but I'm not sure it's helped."
Bro legit how do you not have millions of subs yet? Awesome topics about really cool stuff, in the context of "how can we do cool stuff with this," simplified so non-nerds can get it, too, with a great personality, style, hair, and fvx!
I used to use a sheet of 1/2 inch plexi-glass on top of a 1/16 sheet of steel for magnet storage - the plexi-glass keeps the magnets far enough away that you can manipulate them by hand, while the steel plate stays close enough to prevent random movement of the magnets. If your gap is just right for your specific magnet, it'll "stick" to the plexi-glass about as firmly as a fridge magnet would stick to the steel. (I used a similar rig to demonstrate magnetism's "inverse square law".)
Very nice explanation, correctly describing the physics of quantum locking (which mind you the vast majority of RUclipsrs get wrong!). One thing that's wrong though, is your description at around 13:00. Flux pinning and the Meissner effect are two distinctively different effects. At transition, a type-2 SC specifically does NOT go into the Meissner state, it only does at very low magnetic fields. (and also has nothing to do at all with impurities) It instead lets these flux lines through as you very nicely described before. They are in a basic, homogenous situation free within the sample. Flux pinning/locking is specifically when you have those locations in the material where it's favourable for such a vortex to exist, like impurities or grain boundaries, with mostly the latter in the case of a piece of bulk ReBCO like you have. It takes energy to move them and hence they are "locked" of "pinned" in space. Also, please check your Facebook messages, I send you a message some time ago which hasn't been read yet. Oh, and we have plenty of dewars here at CERN which are fully sealed. All with pressure valves of course!
@kylehill. I worked at a facility that made cryogenic pressure and storage vessels for all areas of industry. We even made the dewer you had in your video. You were mostly correct in your description of the vessel with a few exceptions. 1: The port on the side that is covered with a black shiny flexible plastic cover, is not a relief valve. It is the vacuum pump down the port. Which is capped with a small stainless steel puck that has a single o-ring in it. The back of this plug is has a female thread cut into it to aid in installation. The sticky grease inside that port is silicone-based and helps the o-ring maintain its seal. Fun fact: there is nothing holding that plugin other than atmospheric pressure and the slight amount of frictions from the press-fit of the o-ring inside the smooth bore of the port. (The internal vessel has a heater inserted into it during pump out to aid in removing moisture and air. The plugs are inside the nozzle of the hose that pulls a vacuum and is released after the vacuum was pulled. The plug has a chamfer on the inside that it stops on in the port. 2. Not all cryogenic storage vessels are open to the atmosphere. There are vessels that maintain a pressure that can range up to 220psi, which is maintained with calibrated relief valves. almost always in pairs. One(1) for the operating pressure and one (1) at a higher fail-safe pressure [usually 300 psi]. These are very common and are used by hospitals and restaurants everywhere. The CO2 for your tasty beverage at a restaurant comes from a pressure vessel of the same design. These pressure vessels also using a soldered copper coil, that is bonded to the outer shell inside the vacuum space. This is used to vaporize the liquid and generate gas from the vaporization of the cryogenic liquid. CO2 being liquid under pressure means it doesn't explicitly need to use the system to work, but the expansion of the liquid to gas still requires energy so it helps with efficiency. Another fun fact is: each tank is rated by its NER (Natural Evaporation Rate). It is the percentage of liquid lost by mass in 1 day if the vessel is not operated or opened. Almost all tanks have a rate of less than 1% but there are some that go as high as 1.29%. I would say yours is about 0.7% Larger tanks have a lower NER because the surface area doesn't increase at the same rate as the volume. Plus the main area of thermal transfer doesn't increase all that much. As you said, no matter where that vessel is, you cant stop the transfer of energy into the liquid inside. But you can mitigate it. The first way to mitigate thermal transfer is by reducing how much area can conduct heat to the inner vessel. We do this with the vacuum around it. This leaves only the neck as that sole point of contact that can transfer energy directly to the inner vessel, and yes you read that right. The neck is the only thing connecting the two walls. All that weight even on some of the larger tanks is supported solely by the neck. There are only a few non-structural foam spacers that sit under the inner vessel to provide some stabilization to the neck and don't stop excessive lateral force The second is protecting the inner vessel from radiation of all kinds. This is done by wrapping the inner vessel in fiberglass and aluminum foil strips, about 5-12 layers thick. Thich helps protect from infrared radiation and some others, but other forms of EM radiation can still penetrate the vessel or interact with its surface and transfer energy. Love your show, new and old, and enjoy all the topics you bring up. Enjoy the info dump everyone else ^^ and sorry I'm late to this.
A magnet on a string swinging at a copper plate like a wrecking ball is another really cool case of magnetic breaking. As long as the magnet isn't too heavy or released from too high up, it will almost instantly stop just before hitting the plate.
This was very cool, thank you. I made my own 123 superconductor (as we called them in the old days) as a high school science project back in 1990. I made it in the metalwork shop using the electric furnace and then oxygen from the oxy acetylene welding blown over it during the cool down phase. The floating magnet was the only way I could prove what I made was actually a superconductor I seem to remember getting the magnet from the local university (who supplied the chemicals) as rare earth magnets were, well, rare back then. Liquid nitrogen I used to get from the uni as well in a thermos with a cork in the top with a hole drilled though it for the reasons you mention at the end of your film. I remember going home on the bus (was too young to drive then) and clouds of vapour shooting out the top when the bus went over bumps. I also remember writing to Paul Chu to tell him about my project and him sending back a signed photo of himself!
I just have to say i absolutely love watching your videos and am a juggalo. So hearing this funny little shout out got me laughing so hard i couldn't breathe. Please never stop making videos.
Kyle!!! This is probably one of your very best videos. I really enjoyed it. Your presentation was outstanding. I haven't thought about the right hand rule, magnetic domains and eddy currents for quite a few years, but this brought it all back with more than a smile. You have a rare talent. (I was an electronics instructor for >20 years.) Thank you! Have a Happy Thanksgiving good sir!
Watching because every video intrigues me greatly, only to have half the memory of the video but then continuing to coming back to refresh that memory. some good stuff
Fun fact about that "fleeting magnetism" you demonstrate. It also happens in the case of ships docked for extended periods of time, they become somewhat magnetized by the earths magnetic field which messes up with navigation systems
11:38: Unless I'm very mistaken, magnets actually obey an inverse cube law, not the inverse square law. This is due to the manner in which each pole (of the dipole) interfere with each other over distances greater than basically between the two poles.
Well, I'd highly doubt that the superconductor 'cooled down' in the end... Nonetheless a really cool video. Greetings from a first term physics student in Austria, you inspired me to go this way.
Star trek tractor beam explanation! super conductors are needed for warp travel ship hulls, and a beam of magnetic particles holds other ships in place while the ship emitting them is actually moving towards the one being held.
@12:00 I want to stress how dangerous magnets can be with a real life story that happened to teacher when I was in high school. The teacher had a stack of powerful magnets in his pocket which he intended to have a class use to make electric motors with coated copper wiring and a AA battery. He made a mistake of putting his wallet in the same pocket with the magnets and now all the cards that had magnetic strips are now erased, this was also proven on Mythbusters. PS love the show Kyle and keep doing what you do.
Hi Kyle, it’s even cooler when you build a Möbius strip from the permanent magnets and a shuttle of polystyrene with the super conductor inside. You can then push the shuttle along the track and the quantum locking will have the shuttle travelling even upside down proving the effect is not just simple magnetic repulsion.
Bruh thank you so much, the work you do is done in the best way possible I find it amusing how you can attract so many people and keep on spreading scientific knowledge in a "simple" way It really is inspiring watching you do all these things, keep it up, love u
Probably one of my favorite videos is a superconductor traveling around a 3π Möbius strip track of magnets. Looking forward to the future superconductor videos.
16:18 That's not a pressure relief valve! That is the vacuum port where they remove all the gasses from the vacuum flask. The "goo" is a sealant to protect the integrity of the vacuum by preventing gas leaking back in.
It will also make the nail magnetic if you just hit the magnets with it a bunch of times. I use magnets to hold allen wrenches on the side of my toolbox at work, and all my allen watches are now magnetic.
Question: if u make a big blob of water in space then put something that floats in the center of the blob, will it move to the outside of rhe blob or will it not move.
If the water and the object were spheres, and place the object accsectly in the middel. The water pressure would be equal from all side and cancel out. So it would probibly stay in the middle.
Hey Kyle, love you videos! Just need to nitpick one thing: A magnetic flux is a magnetic field per unit area, not a changing magnetic field. Induction works with a changing magnetic flux, not the flux itself.
• 6:07 - I've always wondered if using a magnet to magnetize a piece of metal has an effect on the original magnet (i.e., reducing its magnetic qualities). Surely you can't just make a new magnet for free. 🤔 My attempt to explain it (assuming the original magnet is unaltered) is that your moving of the magnet is the work and cost of creating the new magnet. 🤷 • 11:47 - Even worse than all that is _swallowing_ magnets; it can lead to intussusception or a perforated colon. 😕 • 12:00 - Sensitive electronics… like a CRT. I wonder how many kids got in trouble for playing with magnets near the TV and their parents had to pay someone to degauss it. 🤦 • 14:46 - "Cooled down"? Do you mean it warmed up? 🤨 • 15:45 - Don't they give you a discount for reusing LN₂ dewars, like propane tanks? 🤨
Well shit Kyle, I'm a 3:08 and finally you made me sort of understand magnets. Bluntly stated: all those atoms are tiny corkscrews. Allign them just right and they move "magnetism" around which ofc makes a sort of over/underpressure, whihh makes it arc right bakc into itsself, thus, donut shaped field!
Does the spinny magnet effect still happen if the superconducting puck is "flux pinned"? I would love to see what happens if you try to stack these effects
11:34 "it gets _exponentially_ larger the closer they get according to the _square_ of the distance" Aside from the obvious issue with this sentence, I'd like to add that it's the _inverse_ square of the distance
Fun fact: The B in BCS theory is for John Bardeen. It was his second Nobel Prize in Physics. The first was for inventing the transistor, also very appropriately shared three ways.
A friend once bought a fist sized magnet and put it on the metal door of our local warhammer store. It took 2 strong guys to even push it onto a wooden board to get it away from that door again. Pulling it away was simply not an option.
2:32 The best description I ever encountered was by someone else on another science vid, and I'm sorry I can't remember who it was, or which vid it was. "Picture a ball. Now, imagine it's spinning, except there's no ball, and it's not spinning."
I know I'm nitpicking, but it is not correct to say that the strength of the magnetic field grows "exponentially" as you get closer. It grows like a power series, r^2 to be more precise. It does not grow like, say, 2^r, which would be exponential growth.
Real talk: The fact that he misspoke and said "he cooled down" to the superconductor didn't even hit me at first! It shows how Unintuitive quantum mechanics are. It makes sense that for something neat to happen, energy must be put in! And if something stops doing the neat thing... it must have lost energy. But the Superconductor flies in the face of our every day experience!
I used to do fleeting magnetism when I was a kid to use different objects like butter knives Hammers and screwdrivers such and then try to use them to pick up objects like loose screws and things it was an interesting science experiment take two different metals and tap them together to get one to produce a magnetic field
It's funny that I kind of understood how it worked, with the magnetic moments caused by the electron floating around the nucleus, and the magnet re-aligning the magnetic moments to cause metals to behave as magnets, using an electrical current to mirror the magnetic field from the magnet, but at the same time not only is the technical side so complicated that I could not explain it to others (although that's in part from people not understanding the way I think cause of my autism) but I don't know why the electromagnetic field mirrors it, which further pushes that point that if you think you understand it, you don't understand it. Quantum Physics is one of the best sciences in the world purely because they are overly commplicated and even the researchers barely know something about it.
*Thanks for watching, nerds!* Make sure to watch until the end for some gorgeous footage, if I do say so myself, which I do.
Do you miss nerdist?
I have been waiting for that finger clip since that live stream when you hinted at it.
Goodbye Radio Telescope of Arecibo PR
Everyone loves to make fun of Deepak Chopra because he is the living meme.
Science Aquaman
Kyle's going to make the worlds largest levitating hot wheels track with his magnets.
that would be awesome
would pay to see that
Levitating hot wheels track? Sounds familiar
Invest
*cold wheels
*Frozen Magnet gets to a high enough temperature to make Quantum Levitation stop*
Kyle: "Oh, he cooled down"
Super cooled material capable of super conductivity at extremely low temperatures warms up to the point it is no longer a super conductor. Kyle, "oh, he cooled down". Simply misspoke, got em though!
It's the composite material not the magnet that is super cooled.
Cooled down? Shouldn't he have said warmed up?
I misspoke
@@kylehill the older we get, the more often that happens. LoL
@@kylehill clearly, the amount of cool went down. Therefore it cooled, down.
Alternative title: the least attractive hemsworth brother makes Juggalo jokes while obsessing over the one magnet to rule them all
how the eff does that work?!
*the most attractive hemsworth brother
Nerds need good confidence too lmao
Chris Hemsworth /was/ one tasty dish as Thor, but after Endgame Kyle is definitely upgraded to 'most attractive Hemsworth'.
I didn't expect so many ICP jokes when I clicked here today.
I was just watching shadoversity's analysis of the frypan weapon effeciancy but he never got into the impact ability of it. Could we get an episode looking into this aspect of the weapon?
"Ed, Edd & Eddy currents"
I endured all your puns and metaphors, and that's the one that got me. Got me good.
My favorite statement about quantuum mechanics is still: "Its easy basically you have two balls that are spinning around each other, except they arent really balls and they arent really spinning."
Kyle: "you are probably anxious right now"
me: "how did he know? "
Because you’re still thinking about the basilisk
@@NinjaBearFilms how?
Don't jump scare me like that Kyle...
@@NinjaBearFilms lol u just reminded me
Because science
“My adoptive father Veritasium”
Me too Kyle, me too.
[cries in Adam Savage]
I don’t see Adam’s name anywhere on the papers. Tough Luck.
"You're probably anxious right now, aren't ya
AREN'T YA"
Well actually yes
I felt called out
@@Rain593 me too
More like: yes...
Don't even get me started...
same
"millenials and depression" he says while I'm laying on the couch unable to stop falling asleep in the middle of the day. Called. Out.
Wow that hit home
I would like, but you have 69 likes
Hiding in the parking lot during my lunch break dreading going back to work
@@arenomusic so real. Good luck
@@conflictfree88 Aw, thank you! :) Didn't expect to get a response from a comment thread in a 5 month old science Thor video but you made my day
At the end: "it cools down so it doesn't work anymore". I think you meant "warm up" there, seeing as it is a low temperature effect.
I made the same comment!
I think people tend to use words inaccurately without thinking about exactly what they are saying. If something heats up it gets hotter and when it heats down it gets colder, so cooling up would imply it gets colder and cooling down would imply getting hotter, Kyle is technically correct, the best kind of correct.
@@JackSamEss not really. Neodymium magnets stop working at very low temperatures
Yeah, I misspoke here
@@RafaelusOptimus The working temperature of the magnets has nothing to do with the point I was trying to make with how people just say phrases without looking at the individual words and how they relate to each other.
Ed, Edd, and Eddy currents. Classic. thanks for that.
“... you don’t understand quantum mechanics.”
As someone who was bored and read a Wikipedia page on basic quantum mechanics and got a massive headache... I agree.
I know quantum warp theory
Try understanding the 4th dimension to evolve that headache into a migraine
Understanding it is the crux of our current knowledge, only time will truly tell us what we will find out
you and i do very different things when we're bored. and this is why you'll do something with your life lol
@@KeanuG95 The 4th dimension is time, pretty easy to understand.
Now if you mean 4D space, different story.
Magnets: "they are no joke"
My 10 yr old brother: "I'm gonna use these tiny neodymium magnets as a pretend septum piercing."
20mins later: We might need to go to the e.r....
We managed to finally get them out of his nose shortly after mum had conceded to needing to go to the e.r. much to the panicked chagrin of my brother. Tried fingers, tweezers, and a number of other things, but they just started going farther up his nose. Looking back, now that he's safe, watching his egotistical impressiveness devolve slowly into anxious panic was actual morbidly hilarious. He also got his head stuck in between the stair banister when he was about 2. Both were direct results of him being told not to do that, of course.
@Amarianee: Reminds me of that scene in _A Hard Day's Night_ where Ringo talks about getting his head stuck in a bannister.
Also, I don't know why, but when I first read septum, I thought you were talking about a Prince Albert piercing, which prolly would've been infinitely more damaging AND embarrassing.
@@sdfkjgh 😂 omg, that would have been infinitely worse! I specified just so no one got it confused with the side of the nose, which would have been MUCH easier to remove.
To quote the great doctor house, "how old are you?" "eight" "and he ate something stuck to the side of a fridge? Darwin says let him die". Swallowing or inhaling magnets is like getting shot without actually getting shot.
"It cools down and the effect doesn't work" Don't you mean it heats up?
I was thinking the exact same thing
I figured someone else already pointed this out
I was gonna say the same thing
No, neodymium magnets stop working if they are too cold :)
Yes, I misspoke here
This is awesome. On the hoverboard topic: would it be possible to use this effect to create some sort of hoverboard skate park? With like, big super cooled magnets in the ground or something? I feel like it'd be wildly impractical but it would be pretty neat. Love the show, Kyle!
Edit: I thought about this a little more. You could have a system of tubes feeding liquid nitrogen to beds of magnets along rails or in the ground, sort of like how liquid cooling works in computers.
The only thing is, does this effect provide a lot of resistance? It looked like you were only gently touching it and it moved. Not sure how you would do tricks or jump or whatnot if there wasnt a lot of resistance.
Kyle: "I may have developed a perpetual motion device".
The laws of physics: *Press X to doubt*
If that magnet could stay cold forever, would it then be perpetual? But that's the problem heats inevitably wants to seep in and it takes energy elsewhere to ensure an isolated pocket of cold.
@@Theoq99 Is the superconductor colder than empty space? If not, it could theoretically work indefinitely in an environment with no external heat like space. Even if it did work forever, it wouldn’t generate infinite energy. It would only just perfectly store the energy it uses to keep moving. That could maybe have some practical use as a long-term battery. Idk, I’m not a physicist.
Banks orbital fringed with solar sails with a free floating core. Planet scale generator, get. Same setup using a gravity well to spin
@@Theoq99 Nope. It would lose energy through other means. If it's in air, there's going to be some sir resistance, even if it looks very round there will be some drag. Vacuum? Good luck making a vacuum with exactly 0 particles in it, but even if you did, it would lose energy other ways e.g. gravitational waves (suuuuper slowly but still at a non-zero rate). There are things that do continue moving without losing energy: superfluids. Just like how in superconductors, the electrons can move without resistance, superfluids flow without resistance. If you cool, for example, liquid helium below its "lambda point" (about 2K) it becomes a superfluid. You can create vortices in it that (unless something is done to stop them) never stop spinning.... If you keep them cold forever, which, as you pointed out, is not a simple task without using energy to cool it.
@@Theoq99 I think there's also the problem that it only started spinning when he messed with it. I'm fairly sure for it to be considered perpetual motion, it has to be moving without an outside force acting on it. Basically something like, if you grab the thing and hold it in place and then slowly let go and it never starts to move again unless you mess with it, then it wouldn't be perpetual motion because it needs an initial force or something like that, while if you slowly let it go and it starts moving again on its own, then that is considered perpetual motion because there was no initiating force. Or something like that, I vaguely remember reading something along those lines a while ago at least, but that may not have been correct.
"In the future we will have flying cars"
Modern science: "Best i can do is spinny magnets"
Kyle: *magnet goes brrrrr*
Flying cars are called helicopters.
At those temperatures I'd go brrr too
Fun fact... the craft that have been reported around the world for Centuries that are best known as UFOs, use a process known as electromagnetic gravitics to “fly”... but they don’t actually fly and they’re not unidentified. The forms a magnetic field that acts as an anti gravity barrier that allows them to basically seperate from the space around it and the perceptual universe/reality that we operate in.... this technology has existed for over 100 years and earth has actually been kept in a perceptual matrix where people are in a state where they believe that 1. This technology isn’t possible and 2. The concept of “nothingness”.... but nothingness by its own definition does not exist... not one scientific study ever done has ever supported the idea of “nothing”...
@@addamriley5452 Fun fact. They are not real.
Even if they were, how would you know how they work?
Yora yeah they are... also your consciousness is a singularity... your brain doesn’t create its own consciousness but connects to it like wifi... that means everyone in the universe is literally the same person... the aliens are waiting for us to figure that out before any public interaction can be made... the reason I know that is because every year there are more and more reports, every year we have more and more people coming out of the USAPs and testifying on the existentence of technology and I’ve seen one... it’s not that big of a deal bro... the media is a weapon that lies to the public... did you really think they were telling the truth?
*Hey Kyle, would a legend like you please participate in my Christmas special?
I really hope he says yes!
PLEASE SAY YES KYLE
@@dank4383 Same! :D
@@dank4383 meme.
(unrelated to the comments, it's just a pun)
I have his answer, it's the cardinality of the null set.
“If there’s two things that I love, it’s bioluminescence and old British dudes”
- Kyle Hill Hemsworth (2020)
Well don’t we all....
Let's hope it wasn't Ian McKellen or Patrick Stewart, because... ye
@@zeusaurel6714 ? I'm a little confused, what do Sirs Ian and Patrick have to do with anything (I mean, beyond being old British dudes) that would make them a poor choice to love?
when Foreigner sang Cold As Ice they were singing about their love for a superconductor
Great, now that song will be stuck in my head.
This would make hockey amazing!
Assuming you could rustle up a magnetized hockey rink, sticks and padding/gloves/helmets/etc.
Maybe the sticks could have a flip switch to reverse the polarity, from "grip the puck" to "shoot the puck".
:)
I've been waiting for this episode since before the basilisk!
The whole time 😅
"Eddies," said Ford, "in the space-time continuum."
"Ah," nodded Arthur, "is he. Is he."
...
"What?" said Ford.
"Er, who," said Arthur, "is Eddy, then, exactly, then?"
Ford looked angrily at him.
"Will you listen?" he snapped.
"I have been listening," said Arthur, "but I'm not sure it's helped."
Random Juggalo: _"Freaking magnets... THAT'S how they work!"_
Bro legit how do you not have millions of subs yet? Awesome topics about really cool stuff, in the context of "how can we do cool stuff with this," simplified so non-nerds can get it, too, with a great personality, style, hair, and fvx!
Levitation is also possible with induction coils. They're wild to see
I used to use a sheet of 1/2 inch plexi-glass on top of a 1/16 sheet of steel for magnet storage - the plexi-glass keeps the magnets far enough away that you can manipulate them by hand, while the steel plate stays close enough to prevent random movement of the magnets. If your gap is just right for your specific magnet, it'll "stick" to the plexi-glass about as firmly as a fridge magnet would stick to the steel. (I used a similar rig to demonstrate magnetism's "inverse square law".)
6:32
I'm straight but I could stare into Kyle's eyes for days
Kyle relating to magnets you should discuss and explain magnetic railways and how trains use them
And here I thought I’ve been watching Kyle “Thor’s Smarter Brother” Mountain
Very nice explanation, correctly describing the physics of quantum locking (which mind you the vast majority of RUclipsrs get wrong!). One thing that's wrong though, is your description at around 13:00. Flux pinning and the Meissner effect are two distinctively different effects. At transition, a type-2 SC specifically does NOT go into the Meissner state, it only does at very low magnetic fields. (and also has nothing to do at all with impurities) It instead lets these flux lines through as you very nicely described before. They are in a basic, homogenous situation free within the sample. Flux pinning/locking is specifically when you have those locations in the material where it's favourable for such a vortex to exist, like impurities or grain boundaries, with mostly the latter in the case of a piece of bulk ReBCO like you have. It takes energy to move them and hence they are "locked" of "pinned" in space.
Also, please check your Facebook messages, I send you a message some time ago which hasn't been read yet.
Oh, and we have plenty of dewars here at CERN which are fully sealed. All with pressure valves of course!
Question: at ~ 9:20 , is the vapor going in arches because it's reacting to the magnetic field, or is it just the movement of cold vapor in warm air?
I would assume the second but frankly I don’t know shit about this stuff
@kylehill. I worked at a facility that made cryogenic pressure and storage vessels for all areas of industry. We even made the dewer you had in your video. You were mostly correct in your description of the vessel with a few exceptions.
1: The port on the side that is covered with a black shiny flexible plastic cover, is not a relief valve. It is the vacuum pump down the port. Which is capped with a small stainless steel puck that has a single o-ring in it. The back of this plug is has a female thread cut into it to aid in installation. The sticky grease inside that port is silicone-based and helps the o-ring maintain its seal. Fun fact: there is nothing holding that plugin other than atmospheric pressure and the slight amount of frictions from the press-fit of the o-ring inside the smooth bore of the port. (The internal vessel has a heater inserted into it during pump out to aid in removing moisture and air. The plugs are inside the nozzle of the hose that pulls a vacuum and is released after the vacuum was pulled. The plug has a chamfer on the inside that it stops on in the port.
2. Not all cryogenic storage vessels are open to the atmosphere. There are vessels that maintain a pressure that can range up to 220psi, which is maintained with calibrated relief valves. almost always in pairs. One(1) for the operating pressure and one (1) at a higher fail-safe pressure [usually 300 psi]. These are very common and are used by hospitals and restaurants everywhere. The CO2 for your tasty beverage at a restaurant comes from a pressure vessel of the same design.
These pressure vessels also using a soldered copper coil, that is bonded to the outer shell inside the vacuum space. This is used to vaporize the liquid and generate gas from the vaporization of the cryogenic liquid. CO2 being liquid under pressure means it doesn't explicitly need to use the system to work, but the expansion of the liquid to gas still requires energy so it helps with efficiency.
Another fun fact is: each tank is rated by its NER (Natural Evaporation Rate). It is the percentage of liquid lost by mass in 1 day if the vessel is not operated or opened. Almost all tanks have a rate of less than 1% but there are some that go as high as 1.29%. I would say yours is about 0.7% Larger tanks have a lower NER because the surface area doesn't increase at the same rate as the volume. Plus the main area of thermal transfer doesn't increase all that much.
As you said, no matter where that vessel is, you cant stop the transfer of energy into the liquid inside. But you can mitigate it.
The first way to mitigate thermal transfer is by reducing how much area can conduct heat to the inner vessel. We do this with the vacuum around it. This leaves only the neck as that sole point of contact that can transfer energy directly to the inner vessel, and yes you read that right. The neck is the only thing connecting the two walls. All that weight even on some of the larger tanks is supported solely by the neck. There are only a few non-structural foam spacers that sit under the inner vessel to provide some stabilization to the neck and don't stop excessive lateral force
The second is protecting the inner vessel from radiation of all kinds. This is done by wrapping the inner vessel in fiberglass and aluminum foil strips, about 5-12 layers thick. Thich helps protect from infrared radiation and some others, but other forms of EM radiation can still penetrate the vessel or interact with its surface and transfer energy.
Love your show, new and old, and enjoy all the topics you bring up.
Enjoy the info dump everyone else ^^ and sorry I'm late to this.
Everyone is so freaking fast-
Almost like there is some secret way to get early access… 🤨
Nah he's going to make a levitating roller coaster
How are all of the other replies older than the parent comment?
@@thebcwonder4850 probably cause the parent comment edited his comment
A magnet on a string swinging at a copper plate like a wrecking ball is another really cool case of magnetic breaking. As long as the magnet isn't too heavy or released from too high up, it will almost instantly stop just before hitting the plate.
kyle: your anxious right now aren't yuh?
everyone in 2020: simultaneous wincing.
This was very cool, thank you. I made my own 123 superconductor (as we called them in the old days) as a high school science project back in 1990. I made it in the metalwork shop using the electric furnace and then oxygen from the oxy acetylene welding blown over it during the cool down phase. The floating magnet was the only way I could prove what I made was actually a superconductor I seem to remember getting the magnet from the local university (who supplied the chemicals) as rare earth magnets were, well, rare back then. Liquid nitrogen I used to get from the uni as well in a thermos with a cork in the top with a hole drilled though it for the reasons you mention at the end of your film. I remember going home on the bus (was too young to drive then) and clouds of vapour shooting out the top when the bus went over bumps. I also remember writing to Paul Chu to tell him about my project and him sending back a signed photo of himself!
As an actual Juggalo, I approve of your joke, and here to give you your Faygo 2 litter as a reward for an old reference to my childhood.
"casually confusing"
Brilliant video, wonderful explanations. thanks Kyile.
Life on earth is perhaps the most existentially depressing documentary ever released.
Depends on how you look at it.
I just have to say i absolutely love watching your videos and am a juggalo. So hearing this funny little shout out got me laughing so hard i couldn't breathe. Please never stop making videos.
"Oh it cooled down." Ummm I'm pretty sure that goes the other way but given we watch this channel and pay attention we get what you mean.
Yeah I misspoke here
@@kylehill I feel bad for you. Make one mistake and the whole internet clowns on you. How many times did you have to ctrl+c ctrl+z that single phrase
@@embers_falling a few
@@kylehill tanks for a great informative and cool channel .
Hope you can cool down the commenters 🥰
Kyle!!! This is probably one of your very best videos. I really enjoyed it. Your presentation was outstanding. I haven't thought about the right hand rule, magnetic domains and eddy currents for quite a few years, but this brought it all back with more than a smile. You have a rare talent. (I was an electronics instructor for >20 years.) Thank you! Have a Happy Thanksgiving good sir!
So, at the end you said it "cools down" and the effect goes away. Did you mean... warm up?
Thank you! I've wondered about quantum levitating and quantum locking for a while now, and its much easier to understand with you explaining it!
"I can *SPEEN* the magnet on his axis"
Much better now.
this is the vinesauce comment i was looking for
I work for a company that builds RF (radio frequency) equipment, we charge magnets there all the time for some of the components.
"It cools down and then the effect goes away."
Don't you mean it heats up?
his adorable creep walk from behind the superconductor to get out of the shot quickly gets me every time
The Kyle Hill lore deepens, he was adopted by the god of knowledge veratasium.
Watching because every video intrigues me greatly, only to have half the memory of the video but then continuing to coming back to refresh that memory. some good stuff
"she cooled down" shouldn't you say, "she heated up"?
Honestly, the during-credits notes are probably my favorite part of the show
I laughed harder than I should have at the “Ed, Edd, and Eddy” currents
Such an amazing explanation of how magnets work. I had been missing this for years.
11:10 ...dont let the big magnets bite you...
ups wrong channel :-P
Fun fact about that "fleeting magnetism" you demonstrate. It also happens in the case of ships docked for extended periods of time, they become somewhat magnetized by the earths magnetic field which messes up with navigation systems
Kyle: 4:45
Me: going to the Dr to get my antidepressant refill...
11:38: Unless I'm very mistaken, magnets actually obey an inverse cube law, not the inverse square law. This is due to the manner in which each pole (of the dipole) interfere with each other over distances greater than basically between the two poles.
Well, I'd highly doubt that the superconductor 'cooled down' in the end... Nonetheless a really cool video. Greetings from a first term physics student in Austria, you inspired me to go this way.
this episode has been teased for awhile now, glad to finally see it.
Talk the arecibo observatory, a group of students are trying to prevent the NSF demolish the telescope.
The people who run it have no plans to rebuild. It would be more beneficial to let nature reclaim the area
@@alexanderherzog3064 if the structure collapse it could put people in danger because of lead
14:44
Hey Kyle, Stephanie didn't "cool down", she "heated up" ;)
I feel like Kyle knows a juggalo who wears really big shorts with chains.
Star trek tractor beam explanation! super conductors are needed for warp travel ship hulls, and a beam of magnetic particles holds other ships in place while the ship emitting them is actually moving towards the one being held.
Kyle: "it cools down and the effect goes away"
Me: wait, wut?
@12:00 I want to stress how dangerous magnets can be with a real life story that happened to teacher when I was in high school. The teacher had a stack of powerful magnets in his pocket which he intended to have a class use to make electric motors with coated copper wiring and a AA battery. He made a mistake of putting his wallet in the same pocket with the magnets and now all the cards that had magnetic strips are now erased, this was also proven on Mythbusters.
PS love the show Kyle and keep doing what you do.
first?
@@manuelvelarde2201 indeed
That burn on deepak is the best thing ive heard all day
Yes, just blowing some smoke up Chopra's arse and the next thing you know it's all got out of hand.
Hi Kyle, it’s even cooler when you build a Möbius strip from the permanent magnets and a shuttle of polystyrene with the super conductor inside. You can then push the shuttle along the track and the quantum locking will have the shuttle travelling even upside down proving the effect is not just simple magnetic repulsion.
You're anxious right now.. Aren'tcha? Aren'tcha!
Had me laughing my butt off lmao
Bruh thank you so much, the work you do is done in the best way possible
I find it amusing how you can attract so many people and keep on spreading scientific knowledge in a "simple" way
It really is inspiring watching you do all these things, keep it up, love u
Probably one of my favorite videos is a superconductor traveling around a 3π Möbius strip track of magnets. Looking forward to the future superconductor videos.
Why do I love Kyle Hill? 1:45 is why I love Kyle Hill.
16:18 That's not a pressure relief valve!
That is the vacuum port where they remove all the gasses from the vacuum flask. The "goo" is a sealant to protect the integrity of the vacuum by preventing gas leaking back in.
It will also make the nail magnetic if you just hit the magnets with it a bunch of times. I use magnets to hold allen wrenches on the side of my toolbox at work, and all my allen watches are now magnetic.
Question: if u make a big blob of water in space then put something that floats in the center of the blob, will it move to the outside of rhe blob or will it not move.
If the water and the object were spheres, and place the object accsectly in the middel. The water pressure would be equal from all side and cancel out.
So it would probibly stay in the middle.
I love that those tiny magnets are so strong that they move the tags just from waving them around when he talks
Hey Kyle, love you videos! Just need to nitpick one thing: A magnetic flux is a magnetic field per unit area, not a changing magnetic field. Induction works with a changing magnetic flux, not the flux itself.
• 6:07 - I've always wondered if using a magnet to magnetize a piece of metal has an effect on the original magnet (i.e., reducing its magnetic qualities). Surely you can't just make a new magnet for free. 🤔 My attempt to explain it (assuming the original magnet is unaltered) is that your moving of the magnet is the work and cost of creating the new magnet. 🤷
• 11:47 - Even worse than all that is _swallowing_ magnets; it can lead to intussusception or a perforated colon. 😕
• 12:00 - Sensitive electronics… like a CRT. I wonder how many kids got in trouble for playing with magnets near the TV and their parents had to pay someone to degauss it. 🤦
• 14:46 - "Cooled down"? Do you mean it warmed up? 🤨
• 15:45 - Don't they give you a discount for reusing LN₂ dewars, like propane tanks? 🤨
Well shit Kyle, I'm a 3:08 and finally you made me sort of understand magnets. Bluntly stated: all those atoms are tiny corkscrews. Allign them just right and they move "magnetism" around which ofc makes a sort of over/underpressure, whihh makes it arc right bakc into itsself, thus, donut shaped field!
What's really cool is watching a supercooled super conductor zipping around a track with a little push
From all my research on quantum physics, I learned that when you get small enough things stop making sense and the rules are suggestions
Does the spinny magnet effect still happen if the superconducting puck is "flux pinned"? I would love to see what happens if you try to stack these effects
As soon as he mentioned talking about how magnets work I instantly thought of ICP. Made my day when he made that jab at them
11:34 "it gets _exponentially_ larger the closer they get according to the _square_ of the distance"
Aside from the obvious issue with this sentence, I'd like to add that it's the _inverse_ square of the distance
levitates AND cools your beverage?! amazing
Fun fact: The B in BCS theory is for John Bardeen. It was his second Nobel Prize in Physics. The first was for inventing the transistor, also very appropriately shared three ways.
Wouldn't the effect go away if it warmed up not "cooled down" like Kyle said at the end?
This and the gasoline video are the coolest videos I've ever seen! Kyle, you are awesome!
This is amazing, I am so thankful for your explanation!
A friend once bought a fist sized magnet and put it on the metal door of our local warhammer store.
It took 2 strong guys to even push it onto a wooden board to get it away from that door again.
Pulling it away was simply not an option.
9:32 I like watching the fog move and Flow as the object changes Direction
2:32 The best description I ever encountered was by someone else on another science vid, and I'm sorry I can't remember who it was, or which vid it was.
"Picture a ball. Now, imagine it's spinning, except there's no ball, and it's not spinning."
It was science asylum. I don't know which video.
I know I'm nitpicking, but it is not correct to say that the strength of the magnetic field grows "exponentially" as you get closer. It grows like a power series, r^2 to be more precise. It does not grow like, say, 2^r, which would be exponential growth.
Kyle: Liquid nitrogen, which you can get just about anywhere.
Me at Walmart: Hey, where do you keep the liquid nitrogen?
Real talk: The fact that he misspoke and said "he cooled down" to the superconductor didn't even hit me at first! It shows how Unintuitive quantum mechanics are. It makes sense that for something neat to happen, energy must be put in! And if something stops doing the neat thing... it must have lost energy. But the Superconductor flies in the face of our every day experience!
I used to do fleeting magnetism when I was a kid to use different objects like butter knives Hammers and screwdrivers such and then try to use them to pick up objects like loose screws and things it was an interesting science experiment take two different metals and tap them together to get one to produce a magnetic field
It's funny that I kind of understood how it worked, with the magnetic moments caused by the electron floating around the nucleus, and the magnet re-aligning the magnetic moments to cause metals to behave as magnets, using an electrical current to mirror the magnetic field from the magnet, but at the same time not only is the technical side so complicated that I could not explain it to others (although that's in part from people not understanding the way I think cause of my autism) but I don't know why the electromagnetic field mirrors it, which further pushes that point that if you think you understand it, you don't understand it. Quantum Physics is one of the best sciences in the world purely because they are overly commplicated and even the researchers barely know something about it.