I know your comment is from quite a few months ago, but I just wanted to say that I lost my grandfather a few months ago as well. I idolized my grandfather, so his passing hit me like a truck. I can't tell you how much I enjoyed just simple things like sitting on the couch with him watching PBS or old Westerns. Condolences for your loss, and may both our Papas rest in peace.
What a small, coincidental world it can be. My father, 70 years old, is in hospice right now with terminal agitation after strokes years ago. This film was one of his favorites, and it was one he had us watch as a family when I was a kid-I forget when, exactly-and it's since become one of my favorites, too. Have it on my playlists, it comes up in my shuffle, I can sing most of the songs verbatim. He's very heavily sedated, now, and I suspect if he's aware of anyone in the room with him it's only a little. But I still sang along with most of the album of the OST in his room from my phone. Maybe he registered it, on some level:)
I lost my Bubbe and Papa in the late 1980's and it never gets easier. I think of them daily because they were such an important influence in my life many decades later and approaching 60. Grandparents are the best - they are God's way of telling us we matter and He loves us. Shalom my friend - Mama hugs from afar. ❤🕎
How fortunate for you! I missed seeing hin in this when it came to Boston, but I had the honor of seeing Richard Kiley in "Man of La Mancha" and other famous actors in stage productions. BTW, Topol is still alive at 79 years!!!!
I was so happy to have seen this man play Tevye live on stage; Not once, but TWICE. He was my favorite Tevye! He was 73, when I saw him! He was amazing! I got to see the Farewell Tour! He's my ultimate favorite Tevye!
The way he says "I'll tell you..." like he's preparing to impart some great wisdom had me perking up to hear and then her shatters my hopes with "I don't know." lol
@@Shako_Lamb you should learn about Judaism bro. My grandfather lost it but taught me what he could, I formally "converted" at 18, been to Israel, fluent in Hebrew, etc. Now its cornerstone of who I am.
When you think about it, everyone is a "Fiddler on the Roof." It's really a good message for a musical, or any story in general. It tells you that life is hard, no matter who you are, and that you have to try to "scratch out a pleasant tune" in any situation. I do know people that would make anti-semetic jokes, and the like, but, this story as a whole, reminds us that no matter who you are the situation is the same: make what you can of life, and if possible, try to make it good. Also, this was the first musical I participated in in high school. Every one after it seemed cheesy and petty to be honest, and it's mostly because of the music. Not only that but the plot was a whole lot more realistic than the others, and thus, relatable. I highly recommend this to any culture lover, or music lover, or anyone else looking for advice in life.
RIP Topol, you may have left us here, but you will always live on in your films, and this has to be one of the best films ever made. I can only hope no one tries to remake this film using other actors, for when you have perfection, you can not improve it. He will always be Tevye, he just seems so natural playing this role.
I would like to remind you guys of the "King's Right" a tradition that dates back to the epic of Gilgamesh. If the King wants to have his way with the bride to be from the wedding of one of his subjects, her first night as a married woman is spent in the King's bed and the couples first kid is probably the Kings. The local lords and knights did the same in their territories. Now that is a tradition for you and I am all about the traditions. Who it up for reviving it?
I can never get tired of watching this movie, I know how to sing practically almost every song. And watching the videos again brings so much joy to my heart
They gave him a makeover to make him look older, including using stray gray hairs to attach to his eyebrows. They also added multiple layering to his costume and he changed his posture, to give the appearance of a much older man. They did a good job with that.
RIP Chiam Topol. One of my favorite moments from this movie was Tevey came home from his rounds and his horse had gone lame and he still had some deliveries to make in the village and Tevey's wife said that he was going to be late and Tevey said "I won't be late! I won't be late! If you ever stop talking, I won't be late."
My good friend and I would drink together and sing these songs together. We felt as though we connected with them on a deep and spiritual level. Now I drink and sing alone. I've never missed someone so much
Alexia said "Movie industry should make movies like this more often." ---------------------------- I don't know. I couldn't watch it all the way through. It was incredibly boring.
Live action musical movies haven’t been giant successes for many years and few directors are able to do a good job most film makers struggle with the magical reality like with the talking to the audience and musical workers with cinematography
Dear soul, you entertained us so much. Thank you for shining as bright as you did. Thank you for bringing a humble theater story to the big screen and uniting Gentiles and Jews if only for a moment. Topol, your incredible talent transcended our differences. ❤ your incredible work and dedication to special needs children is truly a beautiful thing. If there is a heaven, dear friend, surely you are made for it.
What I love about this movie is the setting, story, and songs as it was filmed near where my ansestors came from in Croatia and also it tells good morals such as one of these days you will just have to let the little bird go.
This is one of the greatest songs written for a musical and they stop in the very middle of it to tell us what we're watching...never will I watch another clip! EVER,!!!!!,m. To boot they do t finish its!
I remember playing in a local production of this light years ago. Don’t ever think you can stick the orchestra in the furnace room and tempos will remain intact,..
Wonderful memories from my childhood. (Side note: my grandparents bought me this on vinyl when I was 7 years old after some pretty pathetic begging on my part. I took it everywhere there was a record player. My brother finally destroyed it - I guess I deserved it 😆)
@@matteusconnollius1203 You do feel bad for him but he has no one to converse how to handle his grief over Fruma Sarah. Then again, I thought that's what a Rabi is for.
I mean, it's good for us to realize our own heritage has held a lot of the same beliefs as others....... though progressive values eventually seep into all societies.
@@LK-qk8fm Agreed! From an evolutionary standpoint, nonsense like having kids at teen years and marrying girls off early made sense. Bodies still get ready for child bearing in puberty despite most cultures agreeing the absurdity in today's society to child rear at that age. Possibly because we don't live in villages anymore whom often helped with the children and it wasn't all on the parents alone. Eventually all societies grow enough from merely survival status, to thriving and learn that there is more to quality of life than whatever evolution subjected them too. I think this is the crux of barbarism. Not so much that a culture is backwards, but simply that it hasn't been afforded ample opportunity to thrive and still focuses most of it's efforts on survival. This explains too while old traditions die hard, because they were ingrained to either survive or keep some semblance of order. However, often the struggle to keep order often comes at detriment to quality of life for the person, animal and sometimes environment. Those things need to die in all cultures and even now we still have some in more developed places, often due to a lack of proven scientific data to show that something is problematic and why. This is why most cultures don't actually vary as much as people think. They're all stuck with the same parameters. What differentiates them is the way they handle those, like how they see death, how they deal with life, acquiring of food, social structure etc. That's why many came up originally with worshipping the sun/elements, because they seemed to be a force of their own to be respected. Eventually they place anthropomorphic qualities to these elements, animal/human or both. Depending usually on the region, there were special animals/forces that pertained most to survival, and so those animals/elements were held in higher regard than others. Then there were obvious commonalities, like some version of over arching mother nature, and a distinct knowledge of water being the source of life.
Some people embrace tradition and structure, however it's not for everyone; There are some who want to go their own way, and tradition can actually be stifling for them.
@@ArgyleGroove Quite clearly that's the main message of the play: Tevye wants to keep all traditions alive but he's surrounded by change forces. Starting with his daughters themselves.
Objectively one of the greatest musicals ever made, because it's also just a great movie. Some musicals have great music but without that would be just okay. And Tevye does amazing of course.
I was raised strict roman catholic with an irish italian mom and an english protestant father. As a kid I loved this movie, Gilbert Gottfried, and Alan Sherman songs. 😂
I am going to use this comment to praise this movie for its scenes with large amounts of extras. I hate not seeing large numbers of extras anymore in movies. It’s all CGI.
I very much enjoy this magnificent musical 🎤 performance ‼️😎 I Love every piece of it. I do observe how the Jewish community are wonderful people when it comes to leave their lives dedicated to the Highest ✝️ Now,the word tradition is something I pay especial attention… Traditions are very much what defines a Culture. Loving God is not about tradition . Im expressing this with all due respect. Tradition… May all of us realize what is traditionally expected and what is Heavenly expected from us I want to watch this musical again ‼️🎤 It was especial watching it with my favorite person in the world 🌎. 😎
My grandpa passed away two months ago, and I grew up next to him listening to this song and to this musical. Thank you Papa Biti!
I know your comment is from quite a few months ago, but I just wanted to say that I lost my grandfather a few months ago as well. I idolized my grandfather, so his passing hit me like a truck. I can't tell you how much I enjoyed just simple things like sitting on the couch with him watching PBS or old Westerns. Condolences for your loss, and may both our Papas rest in peace.
What a small, coincidental world it can be. My father, 70 years old, is in hospice right now with terminal agitation after strokes years ago. This film was one of his favorites, and it was one he had us watch as a family when I was a kid-I forget when, exactly-and it's since become one of my favorites, too. Have it on my playlists, it comes up in my shuffle, I can sing most of the songs verbatim. He's very heavily sedated, now, and I suspect if he's aware of anyone in the room with him it's only a little. But I still sang along with most of the album of the OST in his room from my phone. Maybe he registered it, on some level:)
I lost my Bubbe and Papa in the late 1980's and it never gets easier. I think of them daily because they were such an important influence in my life many decades later and approaching 60. Grandparents are the best - they are God's way of telling us we matter and He loves us. Shalom my friend - Mama hugs from afar. ❤🕎
I suspect some of the traditions will be tested as the movie progresses.
You have no idea how right you are.
Everything but the hats and shawls
Yep
Randy 🌈 brought me here.
Thank you for helping with my essay
We saw this live, we were in the second row. Topol looked into each of our eyes as he sung
his songs, it was an UNBELIEVABLE experience. What a pro!
How fortunate for you! I missed seeing hin in this when it came to Boston, but I had the honor of seeing Richard Kiley in "Man of La Mancha" and other famous actors in stage productions.
BTW, Topol is still alive at 79 years!!!!
@@ddivincenzo1194 Sadly he passed away today
I saw this live at LaComedia once
He died last year at 87
I saw the Hershel Bernardi version, which was also excellent.
I love it how he says he'll tell us how tradition started, then goes i don't know. funny.
It's actually a profound point: Cultural beliefs and practices require blind commitment, as they are pretty contrived and arbitrary.
Victoria Valentine u,
Tradition!
@@mr1001nights which is probably the reason why he has a hard time accepting anything else because that’s just what he’s been told to believe
Because of their traditions, they have kept their balance for many many many many many many years.
Wiser words.
I was so happy to have seen this man play Tevye live on stage; Not once, but TWICE. He was my favorite Tevye! He was 73, when I saw him! He was amazing! I got to see the Farewell Tour! He's my ultimate favorite Tevye!
Nice. I envy you
the greatest musical of all time
yes i follow u on twitter
or Grease
Shut up
You all forget:
Singin in the Rain exists
So everyone here is Jewish right?
The way he says "I'll tell you..." like he's preparing to impart some great wisdom had me perking up to hear and then her shatters my hopes with "I don't know." lol
I know, I love that part😂 and when you think about it, it’s so true! There so many traditions where it’s like…why do we do that?😂
That.s why is Trust God,not humans🤷🏻♂️😉
I love how they time the beat of the song with the workmanship of the villagers.
Wonderful performer. I can't think of anyone but him playing this role. Thank you and goodbye Topol.
Topol was a magnificent,larger than life performer.
I love the how they layered the voices throughout the song.
My ancestors were from this area, so its natural this musical holds a special place in my heart. It stirs up all the emotions, brilliant piece of art.
Can you speak Yiddish, or Russian/Ukrainian?
@@shirleymaemattthews4862 I know some yiddish words , thats about it. I've lived in the US my whole life.
@Maximus-hq1cz DO you still do Russian/Slavic traditions?
My heritage. What a fascinating culture that was, even when not fantasized in a musical.
Pale settlement life is 10x more interesting than reform.
you might not be jeiwsh, but this tradition seems to be like everybodies tradition
@@LukeTEvans I am Jewish by heritage, my grandfather dropped the religion from our family though.
@@Shako_Lamb you should learn about Judaism bro. My grandfather lost it but taught me what he could, I formally "converted" at 18, been to Israel, fluent in Hebrew, etc. Now its cornerstone of who I am.
@@EzraB123 I might! Sometimes I really do want to bring it back into my family.
When you think about it, everyone is a "Fiddler on the Roof." It's really a good message for a musical, or any story in general. It tells you that life is hard, no matter who you are, and that you have to try to "scratch out a pleasant tune" in any situation. I do know people that would make anti-semetic jokes, and the like, but, this story as a whole, reminds us that no matter who you are the situation is the same: make what you can of life, and if possible, try to make it good.
Also, this was the first musical I participated in in high school. Every one after it seemed cheesy and petty to be honest, and it's mostly because of the music. Not only that but the plot was a whole lot more realistic than the others, and thus, relatable. I highly recommend this to any culture lover, or music lover, or anyone else looking for advice in life.
Well said!
it all works out. The Jews love making jokes about the Christians.
Topol was magnificent in the role of Tevye!
He is Tevye! I have never seen another as good as him ❤
He was! What a force!
If anyone was born to play a role, it was Topol.
@@AnotherJenn42 agreed!!!!!
He is my Cousin
RIP Topol, you may have left us here, but you will always live on in your films, and this has to be one of the best films ever made. I can only hope no one tries to remake this film using other actors, for when you have perfection, you can not improve it. He will always be Tevye, he just seems so natural playing this role.
Admit it, anytime someone says "Tradition" you automatically think of this song!
Every single time.
Yep
That is true. Anytime you think of Rollerball or Rod Steiger, Cher, Nicholas Cage...you think of Norman.
Report this image.
What's wrong?
I'm in this photo and I don't like it.
I would like to remind you guys of the "King's Right" a tradition that dates back to the epic of Gilgamesh.
If the King wants to have his way with the bride to be from the wedding of one of his subjects, her first night as a married woman is spent in the King's bed and the couples first kid is probably the Kings. The local lords and knights did the same in their territories. Now that is a tradition for you and I am all about the traditions. Who it up for reviving it?
Topol's voice was pleasantly unique.
Very true.
Sad to read that topal died yesterday.
I remember seeing this film when it was young. It had a big effect on me.
He was amazing.
Dying is TRADITION... the only real one.
My favorite musical.
I can never get tired of watching this movie, I know how to sing practically almost every song. And watching the videos again brings so much joy to my heart
A wonderful film about strong souled people...my people!
Chaim Topol - The legend! The fiddler on the roof still stands strong as one of my favourite movies after many years and plenry of rewatches 🎉🎉🎉🎉
LOL Topol was only 35 when he played this role... He looks like he's 55.
And he's not too far off from 85 now.
They gave him a makeover to make him look older, including using stray gray hairs to attach to his eyebrows. They also added multiple layering to his costume and he changed his posture, to give the appearance of a much older man. They did a good job with that.
And this was around 1970...when I found out he is still alive I truly couldn’t accept it.
@@Bethelehem2458 I saw him back in this role when Fiddler came through town on a tour a few years ago. He absolutely still nails the performance!
It's the beard.
RIP Chiam Topol. One of my favorite moments from this movie was Tevey came home from his rounds and his horse had gone lame and he still had some deliveries to make in the village and Tevey's wife said that he was going to be late and Tevey said "I won't be late! I won't be late! If you ever stop talking, I won't be late."
My good friend and I would drink together and sing these songs together. We felt as though we connected with them on a deep and spiritual level.
Now I drink and sing alone. I've never missed someone so much
Such a beautiful movie that touches the heart.
This one of my favorite musicals , all of the songs to me seem to touch upon all aspects of life no matter who you are , no matter where you are .
It's still boggles my mind that he is a very young man in this. He plays the role so well that I was astonished when I found out his real age
Well Topol also gained weight and wore a mustache to look older.
Yeah, wasn't be about 40ish, maybe a bit less?
@@DJW1981 mid thirties
@@beethovensfidelioSuper Mario maxxing 😂
Movie industry should make movies like this more often. They have the budget, look what they spend in making a super hero movie
Instead they made that monstrous film version of CATS. 😖😫
Alexia said "Movie industry should make movies like this more often."
----------------------------
I don't know. I couldn't watch it all the way through. It was incredibly boring.
I just want to see a great super-hero musical dammit
Live action musical movies haven’t been giant successes for many years and few directors are able to do a good job most film makers struggle with the magical reality like with the talking to the audience and musical workers with cinematography
@@scr0ngle108 It may happen yet.
I saw this movie today after so many years. It’s certainly a beautiful story. Such a great musical of all time!
Dear soul, you entertained us so much. Thank you for shining as bright as you did. Thank you for bringing a humble theater story to the big screen and uniting Gentiles and Jews if only for a moment. Topol, your incredible talent transcended our differences. ❤ your incredible work and dedication to special needs children is truly a beautiful thing. If there is a heaven, dear friend, surely you are made for it.
Topal went to meet God yesterday 😢😢 ....may he find peace in His loving embrace...❤❤
2:17 Its what you came for
how did you know..
Tiny Pirate i'll tell you.....i don't know
BARUCH HASHEM
@@adamcel6 But it's a tradition to not know!
This song should always be played at full volume when listening, like it played in the theatre's back in the day!
What I love about this movie is the setting, story, and songs as it was filmed near where my ansestors came from in Croatia and also it tells good morals such as one of these days you will just have to let the little bird go.
Saw this in my 5th grade class back in the early 1980’s, still amazing.
Six grade for me in 1996.
This is one of the greatest songs written for a musical and they stop in the very middle of it to tell us what we're watching...never will I watch another clip! EVER,!!!!!,m. To boot they do t finish its!
We saw Topol live in the theater production. He was just as wonderful as in the movie.
Me too! In Chicago! First row. He was incredible.
I absolutely love this movie and I never tire of watching it. It stirs up all my emotions. Blessings from North Wales..
Fun fact - At 3:43 the teacher in the Hebrew school is Jacob Kalich, husband of Molly Picon, who plays Yente.
I used to watch this movie with my family every sunday. We always enjoyed it. The best of the 20 century!
I love how the whole scene is edited together having the actions mirror and fallow the rhythm of the song... like its TRADITION
“Because of traditions, we kept our balance!” Brilliant!
Gotta be the best musical ever! Chaim Topol makes the perfect Tevye 🧡⭐
rest in peace Mr. Chaim Topol
Best opening to a musical ever
Anyone else expecting him to shout “KHAAANNNNNNN!!!!”?
Me
I remember playing in a local production of this light years ago. Don’t ever think you can stick the orchestra in the furnace room and tempos will remain intact,..
One of my all time favorite musicals I'm surprised I don't see on tv that much here in Italy
I love this musical so much, one of my favorite adaptations of it!
One of the greatest pieces of music ever created by the amazing John Williams!
I love this film so much!!!
Rest in Peace you beautiful man
I wish his family a peaceful Shiva. One of reflection and happy memories. Farewell Chaim, and thank you
Wonderful memories from my childhood. (Side note: my grandparents bought me this on vinyl when I was 7 years old after some pretty pathetic begging on my part. I took it everywhere there was a record player. My brother finally destroyed it - I guess I deserved it 😆)
One of the best shows ive ever had the pleasue to take aprt in at my local Am-Dram.
0:57 - Civ V players as soon as they hit 15/15 culture.
I like the part of the movie in which he tells the Russian officials, "Get off me land."
It's so weird the way the "Papas" part quickly transitions to Lazar Wolf, especially when you know how he feels about Tzeitel.
Yeah he doesnt even have any children
@@matteusconnollius1203 You do feel bad for him but he has no one to converse how to handle his grief over Fruma Sarah. Then again, I thought that's what a Rabi is for.
@@mkaplan1383 I hope Lazar found love in America.
I hope so too. Mayb Lazar couldn't stand his BIL in Chicago, but he's still family.
I just noticed that Lazar Wolf gave Tzeitel quite a bit of extra meat. Along with his creepy smile and vacant stare.
He had his eye on her.
I love this musical! I saw a live performance at Acadia University
I had no idea he passed on March 8th, how was it not bigger news?????.. I'll be watching Fiddler nonstop for the next 3 days.
Topol Completely nailed his role as Tevye.
14 yr old arabic girl: dad why do i have to marry this 27 year old guy
The dad: TRADITION
I mean, it's good for us to realize our own heritage has held a lot of the same beliefs as others....... though progressive values eventually seep into all societies.
@@LK-qk8fm Agreed!
From an evolutionary standpoint, nonsense like having kids at teen years and marrying girls off early made sense. Bodies still get ready for child bearing in puberty despite most cultures agreeing the absurdity in today's society to child rear at that age. Possibly because we don't live in villages anymore whom often helped with the children and it wasn't all on the parents alone. Eventually all societies grow enough from merely survival status, to thriving and learn that there is more to quality of life than whatever evolution subjected them too.
I think this is the crux of barbarism. Not so much that a culture is backwards, but simply that it hasn't been afforded ample opportunity to thrive and still focuses most of it's efforts on survival. This explains too while old traditions die hard, because they were ingrained to either survive or keep some semblance of order. However, often the struggle to keep order often comes at detriment to quality of life for the person, animal and sometimes environment. Those things need to die in all cultures and even now we still have some in more developed places, often due to a lack of proven scientific data to show that something is problematic and why.
This is why most cultures don't actually vary as much as people think. They're all stuck with the same parameters. What differentiates them is the way they handle those, like how they see death, how they deal with life, acquiring of food, social structure etc. That's why many came up originally with worshipping the sun/elements, because they seemed to be a force of their own to be respected. Eventually they place anthropomorphic qualities to these elements, animal/human or both. Depending usually on the region, there were special animals/forces that pertained most to survival, and so those animals/elements were held in higher regard than others. Then there were obvious commonalities, like some version of over arching mother nature, and a distinct knowledge of water being the source of life.
I guess this movie could either be perceived as inspirational or a cautionary Tale which one I don't know
Some people embrace tradition and structure, however it's not for everyone; There are some who want to go their own way, and tradition can actually be stifling for them.
No tradition ever stayed for ever!
@@ArgyleGroove Quite clearly that's the main message of the play: Tevye wants to keep all traditions alive but he's surrounded by change forces. Starting with his daughters themselves.
I love this Movie watched it a dozen times or more Topol and the cast were Brilliant just love the music songs and dancing. R.i.p. Topol💙
What a beautiful way to live.
Agreed.
Rest in peace, Topol :'(
RIP Topol
I can’t wait a theater company is doing this show next year trying out for Chava
hugs, heal brother & thanks. god bless!
love this song so much
The PAPAAAAA’S!
Objectively one of the greatest musicals ever made, because it's also just a great movie. Some musicals have great music but without that would be just okay. And Tevye does amazing of course.
Rest In Peace Chaim Topol
I left stamford hill in London 42 years ago . Moved to Ireland to a small village it's identical to annatefka. It's a beautiful life
I was raised strict roman catholic with an irish italian mom and an english protestant father. As a kid I loved this movie, Gilbert Gottfried, and Alan Sherman songs. 😂
Just watched this wonderful movie. So much to learn from this amazing piece of cinematography. Lovely! Thanks 🙏
R.I.P. Topol
I saw this at school, and it was very good! I loved the songs
@Slushyベリーブロッサム nah, I’m from Tennessee and i don’t know where Sanger is 💀
@Slushyベリーブロッサム brooo it’s a great play
The butcher has such a friendly face I love it
I love the way he says TWELVE!!!!!
As the Good Book says...
Heal us, O LORD, and we shall be healed...
My husband loves this musical. Believe me, that's saying something.
I am going to use this comment to praise this movie for its scenes with large amounts of extras. I hate not seeing large numbers of extras anymore in movies. It’s all CGI.
R.I.P. Chaim Topol (September 9, 1935 - March 8, 2023).
When you keep repeating a word, and it doesn't sound right anymore.
R.I.P. Chaim Topol 🙏🏻
RIP Topol.
my heritage Love this film. My people 👍
Every community has tradition, inspired by the place, demographic and location. And noone is better than others.
Thanks for reminding us…. But I haven’t seen a comment here claiming or even inferring that this culture is “better”.
@@mercoid pretty sure this culture states that they are some kind of “gods chosen” superior race
@@mrknight7957 race? No. Nation.
That's some nice cultural relativism you've got there.
RIP Chaim Topol (1935-2023).
What a amazing actor! RIP.
Watched this many times loved to see great classics
I szaw this movie at 12 as a Catholic boy an love it to this day as an evangelical.
I very much enjoy this magnificent musical 🎤 performance ‼️😎
I Love every piece of it.
I do observe how the Jewish community are wonderful people when it comes to leave their lives dedicated to the Highest ✝️
Now,the word tradition is something I pay especial attention…
Traditions are very much what defines a Culture.
Loving God is not about tradition .
Im expressing this with all due respect.
Tradition…
May all of us realize what is traditionally expected and what is Heavenly expected from us
I want to watch this musical again ‼️🎤
It was especial watching it with my favorite person in the world 🌎.
😎
Chaim Topol (Hebrew: חיים טופול; September 9, 1935 - March 8, 2023), mononymously known as Topol
this is my second favorite movie of all time
Whats the first?
There was this college which had a school play about this and I was the audience
RIP Norman Jewison.