OBSERVACIÓN CUALITATIVA NO ESTRUCTURADA

En este video se caracteriza la técnica de observación cualitativa en su modalidad no estructurada y posteriormente se hace una propuesta de cómo desarrollar el proceso observacional.

[@andoniarrigorriaga2985]

🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation:
00:26 📚 This video discusses non-structured qualitative observation as a technique in the qualitative research paradigm.
01:08 📝 Non-structured observation doesn't have predefined categories. Instead, it's a holistic, general observation method where everything is observed without pre-set boundaries.
02:32 🧐 There are guidelines suggesting that initial observations should pay attention to who is present, what they're doing, any repetitive behaviors, and more.
05:15 🧠 The aim of initial non-structured observations is to interrogate and understand the context and to answer the basic questions: who, what, when, where, how, and why.
06:25 🌱 Categories in non-structured observation aren't predefined, but as one observes, provisional "in situ" categories develop over time. These provisional categories can be refined or changed as observations continue.
08:30 🌍 An example of progressive focus is given: starting with a wide observation, then narrowing focus to specific areas or subjects of interest.
09:13 📖 For recording observations, various instruments can be used. One commonly used method is a field diary, which is a private tool for the researcher.
10:52 📓 An example of how to structure a field diary is given, with one wider column for observations and a narrower one for the researcher's personal notes, doubts, and potential categories.
12:32 🔄 The researcher in the field is guided by flexibility, allowing them to move freely between scenarios, based on what is being collected and observed.
13:43 🚀 For beginners, practicing under the guidance of an experienced researcher is recommended to refine observation skills.
13:58 🖊️ When taking field notes, it's crucial to be descriptive, capturing what is directly seen and heard without personal interpretation.
14:26 📊 When conducting qualitative observation, it's essential to cross-reference and triangulate different data sources, including dialogues, documents, and even photographs with consent.
14:54 🎙️ Use direct quotes that represent participants' own words and terminology, even if they use terms incorrectly. Maintain accuracy in recording.
15:40 🚶‍♂️ Depending on your research objectives, choose between active participant observation, where you immerse yourself in the experience, or passive non-structured observation, where you only observe without active involvement.
16:22 📝 Differentiate between the description of events in the field and your interpretation or judgment. Use a field journal to keep these distinctions clear.
17:30 🗣️ Familiarize yourself with the language variations, vocabulary, expressions, and jargon used by participants to understand their communication effectively.
17:43 📜 Collect stories, anecdotes, and myths within the institution, as they provide context and reveal hidden ideologies influencing the institution's operation.
18:26 🕵️‍♀️ Outline the process of qualitative observation, including negotiating access, obtaining informed consent, conducting field visits, and establishing rapport with participants.
20:03 📚 After several observation sessions, construct provisional categories and proceed to the second phase of data collection.
22:09 🗂️ Utilize provisional categories to develop semi-structured instruments such as interview guides or focus group moderation guides.
23:17 🧐 Implement sampling techniques, such as typical case sampling or theoretical sampling, to focus on specific situations, subjects, or events of interest.
25:11 🧩 After data collection, construct the categorical structure of your research, examining relationships between categories, subcategories, dimensions, and potential meta-categories.
26:19 🌐 Explore theoretical triangulation by connecting your findings to existing theories, frameworks, or historical and political contexts.
27:15 🧐 Qualitative observation is a powerful method for gaining deep insights into a research topic, offering rich data that can inform your understanding of the subject matter.- 14:26 📌 It's important to cross-reference or triangulate the different data collected. Dialogues, documents, and photos can be used if permission is granted.
14:54 📝 Record dialogues as they are, even if participants use terminology incorrectly. Recognize that key informants might have biased information.
15:25 🕵️ For a thorough experience, immerse yourself in what's being studied. For students, passive observation is recommended to avoid complications.
16:07 📔 The field diary format helps separate observed events from personal interpretations. Emotions and feelings are also part of the field data.
17:18 🗣 Understand the language, vocabulary, and slang used by participants. Collect stories and anecdotes to understand the underlying ideology of institutions.
18:38 🚪 Before starting observations, negotiate access to the study field. This usually requires authority permissions and informed consent.
19:35 🏢 Familiarize yourself with the institution by freely roaming and understanding the context. This helps in building trust with the participants.
21:15 🔄 After initial observations, analyze the information and construct provisional categories. This cycle repeats until the data is saturated.
22:37 🎯 Based on established categories, devise focused observation strategies targeting specific subjects or events.
24:27 🧠 The process continues until theoretical saturation is achieved, indicating when new observations no longer bring novel insights.
25:51 💡 After categorizing, determine how these categories interrelate, representing them graphically to understand their relationships better.
26:19 📘 Relate your findings to established theories, drawing connections to broader contexts and frameworks.
27:15 🌍 Observation offers deep insights into reality. Different techniques can be used, but observation provides the most comprehensive information.
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[@joseantoniosoncosonco3319]

los instrumentos de observación no estructurados también deben ser validados?

[@rubenmiguez4683]

Una pregunta cual seria la importancia de la observacion no estructurada

[@asesoriasdeinvestigacionar5609]

Es la que permite conservar el espíritu metodológico de la investigación cualitativa ya que posibilita el acercamiento inductivo y holístico al trabajo de campo.

[@joseantoniosoncosonco3319]

@@asesoriasdeinvestigacionar5609 los instrumentos de observación no estructurado también deben ser validados?