To Choose a Queen
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- Опубликовано: 15 сен 2024
- Royal succession is not always easy, and more than once in history seemed to turn on a matter of random chance. 115 years before Queen Elizabeth II, the only daughter of the King’s fourth son, who was never himself a king, became Queen.
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Script by THG
#history #thehistoryguy #QueenofEngland
In the video I say that Queen Victoria ruled for 67 years. In fact, she ruled for 63 years , seven months and two days. I apologize for the error.
I never listen to a man in a bow tie.
Nobody's perfect. At least you posted a correction. Something few do these days.
At about 2:10 it sounds like you've said Queen Anne died in 1707. I'm sure what was meant was that the Acts of Union made Anne Queen of Great Britain in 1707, but the way it's phrased sounds like she died in 1707 when she actually died in 1714.
I greatly enjoy your channel and look forward to each new video.
I am desperately hoping that there isn't going to be a test.
ikr? This is as bad as trying to sort out what is Star Wars lore and what is canon!
This will be the second British Monarch I will see ascend the throne in my lifetime. I was 7 when Elizabeth was crowned and I suppose I will be, by the time Charles is crowned, be 77. My mother woke me up and took me next door to a neighbor, who had a TV set, to watch and very fuzzy black and white live TV broadcast. I will probably have to remember to stay awake this time to see it.
May you be blessed with long and healthy life
@@jamesridoni He has! 😉 (Or She has!)
God bless you! Even more, I mean!
Ditto: 1 was 4 at the coronation. My family was then living in Mumbles, South Wales (of first passenger railway fame) and father bought a 'Television' for the spectacle. The entire street (Park Street) came in to watch. Until recently I still had my 'silver' coach and horses that all kids were given!
I am a mere 74 years old, and my parents bought a television set in 1952 at the high price of 90 Guineas in readiness for the following year‘s Coronation. My recollection is non-existent but my mother told me that I did not actually see the TV broadcast in our living room full of people because I had gone next door with our neighbour who was a Roman Catholic, and in those less than ecumenical days it appears that he watched the broadcast until the Anglican religious part of the ceremony kicked off and then he had to withdraw. It was considered that at a couple of months short of five years old I might well be a little too fidgety and bored at a long religious service. I wish I could say that I watched it live. I could have done. I didn’t!
James Bond, in all his manifestations, has until this week served only one sovereign.
I've often said that the 2 most confusing subjects I've ever come across were quantum physics and British history, and when my British friends try to explain it there's always a voice in the back of my head that keeps saying, "You're making this up as you go along, aren't you".
Off the top of my head I would postulate that quantum physics is a tad bit easier.
@@jz55859 LMAO I think you're right.
You forgot the other most confusing subject that is so very British:
Cricket.
@@miket2120 Oh, I haven't even looked at that.
Yes. Yes they are.
I loved Christopher Hitchens remark that the love Brits have for royals “takes the macabre form of demanding a regular human sacrifice whereby unexceptional people are condemned to lead wholly artificial and strained existences, and then punished or humiliated when they crack up.” One thing you can say for the late queen...she didn't crack 😂
Quite so. I was surprised when I learned of his views on Her Majesty. I had quite expected him to be a republican.
"The love that the English have for the royals..." There, I fixed that for you. You may not have heard that the proclamation of ascension in Edinburgh was met by as many boos as there were cheers.
Americans do that with the clergy.
@@abrahamlincoln9758 that makes no sense. But nice attempt at injecting your political hate.
@@BornIn1500 Your irrational long winded rant exposes how little logic your opinion contains. Never before has anyobe wasted so much time by going on and on about nothing. You just can't help yourself, can you? Going on and on about other people and nit minding your own business. People who spew hatred like you deserve to be in prisonn because you can't even stand to have one comment posted you disagree without ranting sentence after sentence of pure drivel with no meaning except to unleash your pathetic hare speech with no true substance. You are everthing that is wrong with everyone, and you waste time by writing vacuous verbose statements of rage.
Just a neat little extra note: years ago, the now late Queen Elizabeth II authorized the declassification of a large store of documents pertaining to King George III. These documents included personal correspondents from and to the king, as well as official government documents and so forth. Not only did her majesty order the declassification of this historic treasure-trove, but she also commissioned a team of university scholars and students to review and scan into digital form every document for online public viewing.
@Sky Den
Wow, how interesting! Do you happen to know if the documents are available for the public to see online now? I did a search on Google but didn't find it. Thanks!
@@lisahinton9682 I don't know the specifics of the online availability. I actually learned of this not too many years ago while watching a British made RUclips video, (the video may have been by/of Lucy Worsley, as I was watching a lot of her videos at the time I became aware of the declassification.) Also, at the time that the video was shot, the team assigned to the task was just getting started and it was stated that the process would take a great deal of time, as for one the documents have to be handled with delicate care. As well, every document needed to be thoroughly examined for content significance and context established. A lot of curating work needed to be done especially since the incredible number of documents were not well organized before being locked away.
I'll look into my viewing histories and what-not to see if I can figure out which video covered this monumental task.
@@skyden24195 Thank you so much for your explanation and for looking again to see if you can find which video covered the declassification of all those documents. Very kind of you, indeed!
@@lisahinton9682 I found the video: George III: The English King Who Went Mad I Genius of the Mad King I Real Royalty
link: ruclips.net/video/8Szzq13NzbI/видео.html
I just grabbed my dictionary and looked up "fecundity", a word I have never known until you spoke it. Thank you for that extra bonus in daily learning!
Honestly I wouldn’t know about it if it wasn’t for my medical background! Certainly don’t come across that word often lol
I knew about the word, but I blame my autism.
To make this even more confusing... Charlotte's husband, Leopold, was the brother of Queen Victoria's mother. A few years after Charlotte's death Leopold was elected King of the Belgians. Leopold is the patriarch of today's Belgian royal family--and that's how the British and Belgian royals are related by blood.
Always fascinating! A minor error - Victoria reigned 63, not 67 years. And for those in Canada who may not know it, but in gratitude for his service to the Canadian colonies, Ile Ste Jean, split from the colony of Nova Scotia in 1769, was renamed Prince Edward Island in 1798 in honour of the Duke of Kent, Victoria's father. In 1873, it joined the Canadian confederation as the seventh province, during the reign of Edward's daughter.
P.E.I. seems to be too small in population, let alone size, to be a province. The same reason Northern Territory can't be a state of Australia as someone explain to me.
@@jrt818 well it is a province.. 💁🏻♂️👉
@@mjspeedzone5532 I was thinking of US states and representation in Congress. Looked up the Canadian system briefly and found out PEI is indeed overly represented as is MB, NS, SK, NL, NB.
A interesting piece of royal history is that, through his mother Princess Diana, when William becomes king he will be the first direct descendant of Charles II to ascend the throne. His mother was a direct descendant of the Duke of Richmond and the Duke of Grafton both illegitimate sons of the Merry Monarch. 👑👑👑👑👑👑
Bonus content: Edward VII's favorite mistress was a woman named Alice Keppel. One of her grandchildren is the new Queen Camilla.
William is also a descendant of the Tudors, as Charles l's grandmother was Henry Vlll's sister. He recieves this through Diana as well.
Queen Victoria was also the first royal to pass the hemophiliac gene down to male members of the family, most notably to Tsar Nicholas' son Alexei (and for Tsar Nicholas II to consult Rasputin, which led to much bigger consequences). For some time it was thought that this was a result of Queen Victoria not being the child of the Duke of Kent but it now seems that because he was over fifty years at the time she was conceived that it might be a spontaneous mutation of the gene factor IX.
ps Having lived in Germany, as a result of being a British Army 'brat', I always spell Hannover the German way
In my opinion, all these sterile marriages else were caused by an excess of inbreeding: ruclips.net/video/NRStCaAXvzY/видео.html
Years ago I had a fascination with The Great War and in one book the author said that if Queen Victoria were still alive in 1914, she would have stopped the war. Interesting thing to ponder.
She probably would have thumped all of her grandson's involved!!
I'm glad I never had to learn English history in depth.
If wars were won by feasting,
Or victory by song,
Or safety found in sleeping sound,
How England would be strong!
- Rudyard Kipling
A brilliant synopsis that militates against the stereotype of ignorant American. You make us Americans proud.
The Sadly brief saga of Lady Jane Grey also deserves to be remembered.
Oh yes, who had a (highly disputed!) reign of only 9 days.
Long story short, Henry VIII's son Edward VI died of an illness at age 15, in 1553. A staunch Protestant, he changed his will on his deathbed, to cut his sisters Mary and Elizabeth out of the succession -- because Mary was Catholic and Elizabeth kept her own religion close to her chest. Edward wanted a reliably Protestant heir, and Lady Jane Grey was the closest one he knew of in the family tree.
But Queen Mary had (to use CGP Grey's phrase) "bigger army diplomacy" on her side, and deposed Jane after only 9 days. As Queen, Mary tried to take England Catholic again. ...And then died childless after only 5 years. Her sister Elizabeth became Queen after all, and took the country Protestant again under _her_ much longer reign (1558-1603).
_(EDIT: typoed "5 years" as 6 at first; slightly better wording in 2nd paragraph)_
This weekend at my niece's funeral her grandmother was there. My fellow classmates remember me speaking about her. As a child during the Blitz of WW2 she was in tunnels when Winston Churchill would come down with the people. The Princess came down in military uniform to inspire her she was 10 years older than the wonderful woman that I'm speaking about!
Hold on, may I know how old are you. If your niece was alive during WW2, and assuming that as her uncle you are around her paren't's age, you must be well over 80.
@@riichobamin7612 that would be the nieces grandmother who was in WW2
Sorry for your loss
Oh, sorry for your family's loss.
@@scottrjmatmsncom aah. Thank you
Brilliant. Love thos episode. As a Canadian I am one who is proud of being a member of the Commonwealth and having a royal head of state. As they say now - God save the King.
Its kinda soul crushing to realize how much effort was expended over hundreds of years before your time to ensure that you will be a commoner
It’s all a matter of luck, & It’s smarter to be lucky than its lucky to be smart!
A good romp in history, showing how convoluted the Royal Succession can be!
I cant deny that i shed a fuw tears when i heard about the Queens passing. Mostly in sorrow for the UK but also when i realized that this was history in the makeing, the end of an era just like with Queen Victoria
God save the King 🇬🇧❤️🇸🇪
Interesting side note is that on the 15th of september 2023 the Swedish King Carl XVI Will have served for 50years, the longest time for any Swedish monarch and on the same year as we also celebrate 500 years of autonomy
"500 years of autonomy" Who is "we"?
Lizzie’s in a box! good riddance!
@@schoolssection poor choice of word i know, i wasent 100% What to use… independent state
🤔
”We” as in the nation
@@schoolssection I'm gonna guess: The Swedes.
My Mom was a teenager when Elizabeth II ascended to the British throne.
It's kinda cool for me to be around in for the ascension of King Charles III.
My Mom too. To think this Lady held the Throne with grace and dignity for longer than I've been alive blows my mind.
My dad was born a few months after the Queen. Unfortunately, he passed away in 2009.
Czar Nicholas II, Kaiser Wilhelm II, and King George V we're all first cousins. In fact, George and Nicholas looked like brothers.
All three looked like identical triplets to me.
Especially since all 3 grew beards and had them trimmed in the same shape
Thank you. Queen Elizabeth the 2nd will be missed by many people. She was a great role model for the world.
So confusing yet interesting, as history should be! Great job maestro!
And remember... The Queen's funeral was at St Giles cathedral. Built in the 1200's...as a Catholic church.. And that is history worth remembering. May the Lord have mercy on her soul. "Grief is the price of love" My favorite quote from the Queen. God save the King.
An item of trivia for you: King Charles, when he was 17, had part of his education in Australia, he was quoted as saying that "it was the best part". :)
And was there referred to, jocularly I believe as a 'Pommie bastard'.
I feel sorry for all kids in British History class…this is something else!
As the Archbishop of Canterbury said in "Henry V" after describing the convoluted path to who had a claim to the crown of France "So it is as clear as the summer sun."
We tend to learn Prime Ministers instead ! - Parliament tended to have more power and say after the Civil War . Though the main themes are - the role of the revolting lower classes, the problem with Europe, the Irish Problem, and the Corn Laws ( relating a lot to free trade/tariffs and inflation due to weather conditions )
I don’t know, do American kids have it any easier? Seriously - try to remember the presidents! I can get through the first couple and the last handful, but in between? And forget about Vice Presidents!
@@HM2SGT True. As for UK PMs, Most Americans can name Churchill and Thatcher....Major and Johnson only because of the greater and more recent info out. MAYBE Disraeli, but beyond that...no.
@@samsignorelli So you're saying that Campbell-Bannerman is not a household name here in the US?
Shocked, that's what I am. Absolutely shocked.
You know that feeling you get when you crawl under your desk looking for the power cord to your printer, and you're suddenly struck with the realization that there's, like, _A MILLION_ cords down there?
Must be hard, being British royalty.
🇨🇦thank you. That was a lot of research. Presented in an interesting accessible manner. 🌞
A quote, if I may from Hamilton An American Musical, as a message to the new King: "History has its eyes on you."
And to paraphrase that iconic quote: "The History Guy has his eyes on history that deserves to be remembered."
All of that would be enough to make anybody's head spin plumb off, but you made it somewhat clearer. I always enjoy your videos & as a former history buff, much to my dismay, you make history much more digestible than most history teachers we Baby Boomers suffered thru. Although I did have a few remarkable history & government teachers whose names I can still remember some 50 years later: Miss Colley, 8th grade Georgia History, Mrs Jones, 11th grade US History & Miss Brown, 12th grade US Government & Constitution! They taught at Morrow Junior & Senior High Schools, in Morrow, Georgia.
We didn't realize at the time that we would know our history through many different history classes, know how our government and nation ran through civics classes, and have a rein on our finances through economics classes better than following generations. Why were some of these courses dropped when they have such a bearing on our lives? Now we are left to ponder where this will lead our nation. Of course it seems some of our own generation must of flunked some of these courses, the way the country is being ran right now.
I didn't even know until my 40s of the deep love of history I was probably born with. All thanks to inept history teachers.
Very well done sir. Not only did you "lay everything out straight" but you made it interesting...as you always do. Thank you.
It has been pointed out to me that while George III sired 15 children, George Washington sired none, leading to the question as to who better deserves to be known as "The father of his country".
How very convoluted. How very confusing. Glad to be an American.
That's a fascinating. The convoluted genealogies of royal families is fascinating.
Thank you history guy.
May we see many more great monarchs, be they kings or queen's.
God save the Queen.
A proud Englishman.
My only criticism against QE II is she never, not once, sent anyone to the Tower. That's job #1 for any British monarch.
Thank you, THG. This is one of the clearest explaining of the succession I have ever heard. Tho in some spots it did get a little fuzzy. 15 kids! WOW
Imagine some poor fellows in London, writing on whatever predates a chalkboard, trying to figure all this out, with the speed of information, a herald runs in, stating the king has had another child. Ecstatic, they write it down, only then for another child to get married, so off goes the new kid. Marriage illegitimate, cross them off, what was that new kid’s name again? Another herald runs in, three died of dysentery. “oh for the love of…!”
Excellent presentation, THG.
Thank you Sir. This was a splendid telling of the complexities associated with the modern British Monarchy.
I don't see what is so complex or confusing....succession from George III seems to have gone in order as prescribed by various laws of the times - unexpected events at times, to be sure, but no coups, poisonings, mysterious disappearances,
et a;, as happened upon occasions in the past.
"Get your program here! You can't tell one fighter from another without a program!"
Some children are confused by maths or physics, but as a Brit, I was always completely bewildered by history! All these kings and strange successions. It is all just so confusing. Force = mass x acceleration, that’s easy to see, but the rule of succession? Completely gaga.
15 children in 21 years.
Let that sink in.
🤴🏾 it's good to be the king!
A Great Granma of mine had 22 children in 30 years (two husbands - the first died)
Mormons: ..mehh
Indeed. The printer ran pretty reliably at first but there were several load errors and feed jams causing triennial delays in later production
"There's been no definitive diagnosis as to why he went mad" - Having to deal with 15 children, it doesn't surprise me that he went mad.
Must remember to watch this a few more times until I can get it all straight in my head!
This was very interesting and convoluted! I’ve been reading lately about John of Gaunt, Richard II and the machinations of the crown in the 14th century. Have you ever done a video about John of Gaunt?
I have not yet.
@@TheHistoryGuyChannel I love the "yet" there. Thank you for all you do. ^-^
There is a historical novel called Katherine which is the biography of John of Gaunt’s 3rd wife. It is probably the best place to find info about John of Gaunt than any history book. Despite it being fictional, it has more details about his life and English history of that time than any other source.
Fascinating, and timely, as always. As a British citizen, I am always bewildered and amazed by the amount of Royal historical fact I still do not know. A lifetime study would be the only answer - too late!
So complex! Yet another intriguing story impossible to remember with my mind.
Excellent, thanks THG (from the UK). Makes me realise how lucky we are; Her Majesty died last week and instantly Prince Charles became His Majesty. Phew! No argument; no debate; no delay. Lots of ceremony, sure but only to affirm a "done-deal" as I think you say that side on t'pond. And, of course, we have Prince William to follow then Prince George and so on. Why did the 17th-18th century Royal Family have to make it so complicated... Great video, thanks.
Thank you kind sir. It's nice to get a history lesson, but how you kept the names and titles straight is amazing. I had no idea how confusing bloodlines could be. Well done sir
7:06 Picture of Princess Charlotte looks amazingly like the present day Charlotte. Or maybe I should say it the other way around. The present day Princess looks startling like this painting of (I presume) her namesake.
I just listened to this again, and I learned a new word today! (I love words.) "Wastrel" is a word that, as far as I know, I had not been exposed to previously. Thanks, THG!
THG, teaching us history and new vocabulary words.
They say that had Queen Victoria lived a little longer there would not have been WW1, she would have put her foot down and the boys would have jumped!
How different the world might be today if WW I had never happened or turned out differently.
Wow. The current family tree does not seem to have that many branches or forks compared to an average family. So many crossed twigs.
I'm so glad you're making videos again, this year is the 175th Anniversary of the "Mormon Battalion" would you please consider doing a video on this subject? It's full of remarkable and forgotten history. Including the West Point grads who commanded them.
I love the miniature police box over your right shoulder, but I have to ask... is it bigger on the inside?
You can also re-post this video with the title "The history of How Soap Operas Came to Be" 😁
So is Danny Dyer a closer heir to throne via Henry VIII or was he from an illigitmiate route ?
Sure! It’s what entertained everybody before American politics!
Yeah, not much on the Royals. I'm gonna down a Bloody Mary, call my cousins to wish their children well, then binge watch some Deadly Men seems right. oh Danny boy. See ya in church.
Love this kind of information. Thank you for yet another great bit
of history to be remembered 😊
Great video history guy, watching now
Imagine making a law that says who can and cannot become King or Queen based on religion. Yet there you go, it was done.
This was very interesting. I am the American daughter of an English woman and so I came up learning British history. Yet, as always, I learned plenty today. Thank you!
One small error that I noticed, however, is that Victoria ruled for 63 years (and 7 months), not 67 years. Anyway, thank you ever so much! I always appreciate the amount of research and work that goes into your videos.
The law was to protect England from bloody conflicts as had been endured under the Tudors, and protect the fledgling Church of England from being dismantled under a Catholic monarch.
And that is only part of the complex history of how the monarchy of Britain has evolved.
Having a little experience with old age, (I am only 77.),I have a few thoughts on the passing of ERII.
Observation: ERII standing for the peaceful transfer of the office Prime Minister is potentially the proximate cause of death for ERII.
Given that during this official (as official as leading the army in defense of the Kingdom) event, ERII stood for an extended period time, ERII possibly suffered the injuries and distress leading to her demise two days later.
King Richard III was also directly involved in an official event leading the army on the field of battle when he suffered the wounds that were his proximate cause of death.
Shakespeare gives words to King Richard III: “A horse, a horse; My Kingdom for a horse.”
My response to the picture of ERII standing alone is a few words in the back of her head: “A chair, a chair; My Kingdom for a chair.”
ERII did her royal duty in the face of certain death.
Conclusion: FOR WANT OF A CHAIR, THE KINGDOM WAS LOST!
God save the King!
England has had 3 Queens: Anne Stuart, 1707-1714, (Alexandria) Victoria 1837-1901 and Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor) 1952-2022. Victoria and Elizabeth II both reigned over a nation and time that was in great change. They have also had three female Prime Ministers: Margaret Thatcher, Theresa May and currently, Liz Truss.
And there are still Americans who say women are not intellectually and emotionally fit to be President.
Brilliant…
Very well told..
Excellent!!!
Never waiver. You and Queen History guy are a historic!
Whew! I will need a flow chart to sort all this out. but, I’ll take your word on this. Thanks, History Guy.
Very interesting episode. This is a great series - more please!
And Victoria passed on hemophilia to her decendents. Famously to Alexander the son of Nicolas II Czar of Russia.
THG, all of that succession malarkey just makes me glad to live in a Constitutional Republic!!
Now that was some really serious Royal storytelling.Thanks History Guy.
I dont think it had been pointed out that CIIIR has been the oldest (male?) to ascend the UK (English?) Throne (Query any Scots ones older ?) In part this is due to early deaths of other previous contenders in war or disease.
World War II was a whole new spin on the phrase, "Family Feud" 😳
Thank you History Guy
I would need a graph or genealogical chart to understand this convoluted line of succession. I'm glad you do!
Very interesting, thank you.
Trying to figure out how many times I have to replay this to be able to follow it all properly!
Here's the thumbnail:
Start with the monarch.
Then the oldest son and all his legitimate descendants in birth order, with males coming first.
If you run out of people in the oldest son's line, move to the second oldest son, rinse and repeat.
If you run out of people descended from the monarch's sons, go to the daughters, starting with the oldest, and her children.
If you run out of children of the monarch and their descendants, then you look at the monarch's siblings and do the whole thing over. Eventually, you'll find a legitimate heir to the throne. Also, no Catholics allowed.
What makes it so difficult today is that with Empress Sophia being the start of the tree almost 300 years ago, once you get past the current generation of royals, it gets really convoluted and some surprising things start to happen. When I was in HS, one of my teachers was in the line of succession. Granted, he was somewhere in the 700s, so it would have taken the 1980s equivalent of the Black Death to get him on the throne, but he was in the line
Over the centuries the British Royals had many children who had children. A study done in 1920 by Stanford University, found that 300,000,000 people were the direct descendants of King Edward 111. Anyone born in the British Isles or had ancestors who did has royal blood.
OMG! I need a chart! 😮 But thank you so much for presenting this. You the man!
An episode that will probably need multiple viewings/listenings to get all the nuances and insights from
The one thing about a monarchy is there is less upheaval.
Your videos are so remarkably clear and detailed.
Wow! Both timely and excellent.
Watched it. Again. Again. And oh yeah. Again. Still foncused... your content, is informative and Hella deep. How, good sir do you do this??
*Poor Charlotte!* The woman was simply a breeding machine, & it appears that while everything went swimmingly for the first half score, once they got into the double digits the royal copier began having hiccups!
Elizabeth II was Queen Regnant for 70 years. Possible future project: the year (69 AD or CE, whichever you prefer) when the Roman Empire had four--you read right, FOUR--emperors. Talk about going between extremes
ruclips.net/video/VjtsA_RXvMM/видео.html
God Save the King! 🇬🇧 🇨🇦
Whew. Makes our squabbles in US politics seem quite straight forward ...
GB is in big trouble with that nitwit Chuck.
Would be nice if he abdicated and let William be King.
His Majesty isn't the issue, as with most nations its our fecking politicians that are the source of our problems.
@@jphilb would be better to get rid of them all for good.
You guys would do well to watch the 1989 John Goodman film King Ralph. Peter O’Toole excels at playing the kings secretary sir Cedric Willingham, & he describes the duties and responsibilities thus: *_”To be the King of England is a responsibility like no other on Earth. You must become a symbol of all that is best about England. An embodiment of our history, our culture, our morality, our pride of achievement. In short, our ideal of civilization. You must, in the harsh light of public scrutiny, exhibit all of our virtues and none of our shortcomings… I'm afraid it's a god's burden to bear. Unfortunately, it must be borne by a man.”_*
King of the UK of GB began with the 1707 Acts of Union, it was 'and Ireland' that was added with the 1801 Acts. Ireland wasn't part of the UK, just like N.Ireland isn't today
Totally fascinating
Super fascinating, excellent presentation
As always, well done THG.
What a tedious lineage to trace as all of us have a line of ancestors. How so much chance brings people together but certainly God is the author of history. “His Story”
Thanks for the valiant efforts of preserving history.
David
Fascinating!
And both QEII and her husband Prince Philip were Great-great-granchildren of Queen Victoria!
When you get to the other side of the board you can be kinged, or if you are a pawn you can become Queen. ;)
You have such a beautiful turn of phrase.