The Number Illusion You Won't Believe
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- Опубликовано: 25 фев 2020
- Sometimes math is so beautifully tricky, and presented in such a subtle way, that it’s virtually indistinguishable from magic. Welcome to The Kruskal Count.
David Copperfield is probably the most famous living magician/illusionist, and he’s made use of the Kruskal Count to convince millions of people worldwide that he harbors amazing predictive powers. Does he? Well… yes and no.
At the core of his mathematical mind reading is physicist Martin Kruskal’s discovery that certain counting games are really a sequence of chains that can intersect and eventually become one single chain. Using that knowledge of well-concealed probability, it’s easy to perform a mind-blowing demonstration that appears to be pure magic.
But it doesn’t always work, because that’s the way probability goes. Sometimes it’s perfect, sometimes it isn’t. By examining the Kruskal Count as a magic trick and also through its original card-based format, we’ll see that magic can be math… and math can be magic.
Play “The Kruskal Count Card Trick” simulator by Alex Frieden and Ravi Montenegro: faculty.uml.edu/rmontenegro/re...
** SOURCES **
David Copperfield Vacation Destination Trick: • Magic of David Copperf...
“The Kruskal Count,” Lavarius, Rains, Vanderbei, October 2001. arxiv.org/pdf/math/0110143.pdf
Mathematical Card Tricks: “It’s probably magic,” American Mathematical Society: www.ams.org/publicoutreach/fea...
“How Long Does It Take To Catch A Wild Kangaroo?” by Ravi Montenegro and Prasad Tetali:
arxiv.org/pdf/0812.0789.pdf
** LINKS **
Vsauce2:
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Hosted and Produced by Kevin Lieber
Instagram: / kevlieber
Twitter: / kevinlieber
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Research And Writing by Matthew Tabor
/ tabortcu
Editing by John Swan
/ @johnswanyt
Huge Thanks To Paula Lieber
www.etsy.com/shop/Craftality
Select Music By Jake Chudnow: / jakechudnow
Get Vsauce's favorite science and math toys delivered to your door!
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#learning #education #vsauce2
Two Things:
ONE. Thanks again to NordVPN for sponsoring this video and supporting my fake wizard beard addiction. Get 70% off NordVPN plus and additional month free: nordvpn.com/vsauce2 and use coupon code: vsauce2
TWO: Something WEIRD happened in my first Kruskal Count card game. Did you notice? TELL ME NOW. Also, don't eat cat food. Bye.
Heeeeey
Yeah how
You never drank your choccy milk
All of the sequences in the first card trick lead to the same 9
I got 6 on the first card one.
Jokes on you, apparently I can't spell nor count.
Yeah buddy go
Apparently i can't either lol
I started at twelve and got to 3, ELIMINATED
you cna count
Same I was on the 5
Well I'm convinced Kevin is a psychic. You didn't even need to predict my number you already knew I was thinking about memes and pizza rolls.
TierZoo hi
Lol what tierzoo
Time to rank all of Kevin's "characters" and their abilities
Hahaha
tierzoo upload more pleeasee
-are you on 8?
-yes
-NO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
An interesting thing you should've brought up is how if we changed the face card's value from 5 to say, 1 or 2, it'd improve the odds for chains to intersect because of the smaller jumps
The best magic trick: Pick a number, then multiply that number by 0.
Your number is 0.
this is how most equation tricks go but their just longer equations
Kira Apprentice Are you dumb?
Oh shoot this works! I thought it was fake!
oH MY GOD HOW DId YOu GUESS ThaT
What are you a magician
"If your secret number is 7..."
We don't even need to proceed with the trick, you already guessed it before it even began...
God damnit...
I always pick 2 numbers when they say that to throw them off.
He got me there to. He got 7 11.
@@phoenixstormjr.1018 Same bruh
Happened to me also, twice. On 11 and then on 6
Rubens Cavalcanti same
Same
The card trick works (usually) because the face cards are assigned a value of 5, which is the average of the number cards, aside from 10, which is simply double 5. On average, you move 5 spaces, and the longer the sequence, the closer you converge on this average.
12:15 Nope; Not this guy!
I'm still chuckling over the original "weiner...dog" joke...lol
“If your secret number is 7”
Me: *panik*
“Then you move 5 times”
Me: *kalm*
Ngl it was exactly my reaction lol
Same Xd
Same
so u spell "calm" with a "k"
Same lol
Kevin: "Do you live in a country?"
Me: "Yes."
Kevin: "WRONG!!!"
hahahahah XDDD!!!
Oh no he found out about us aliens we must hide
I'm living in the ranch
I live in a priso-I mean house!
You actually live on an ARCHIPELAGO!
Or an ISLAND!
When a magic trick starts to feel more like homework 😆
As soon as you started to explain the rules of the card game I paused the video and wrote random numbers for the first row. I then constructed an order of cards after the first 10 which will let me predict the card that you land on 100% of the time. I later realized that I’m pretty sure all the cards were supposed to be randomly placed and that he only discovered how likely it is for you to land on the same card.
Okay
Vsauce: eats a donut taken out from the toilet.
Vsauce2: eats cat food.
It's Jake's turn now
Vsauce 3 JoJo part 5 addition.
Kevin has also eaten slightly under cooked cow brain, and has drunk water from a toilet.
Eat your cereal
Except it was never in a toilet
The longer Michael’s beard is the crazier he is.
Kevin has done the same
"I'm in my mom's basement" reminded me of "I'm in my parents basement"
Lol
Yeah, I remember watching David Copperfield's show where he did this on tv as kid. Was super wowed that young.
So, when you first did the deck of dog cards, ALL (100%) of the first 10 cards lead to the same 9 on the last row. While mathematically, only 85% will lead to the same final card on average, this particular set was just right for every single one of the first 10 to match up.
Cards 1 and 5 go to card 10, which then go to card 11 (King on second row) along with cards 3 ajd 6, which all go to card 16 (10 on second row). Card 2 goes to 7, which goes to 10 and links up with cards 1 and 5. 4 goes to 8 which goes to 13 (first 6 on second row) and then to card 19 (3 on second row) along with card 9 (10 on first row). So, by now, everyone is on card 16 (10 on second row) or 19 (3 on second row). 16 goes to 26 while 19 goes to 22, which goes to 24, which goes to 30, so now everyone is on the third row at 8 (card 26) or 4 (card 30). Next step for both chains leads to card 34 (a 9 in the 4th row) which leads to card 43 (first 5 on last row) which leads to that final 9 (card 48).
“I will guess your number”
“Psh yeah right”
*explaining the rules, very first example* “if you picked seven, for instance.”
Damn he’s good
if i remember correctly from 1 to 10 7 will get chosed the most
Sameeeee
I picked 2 numbers to throw him off. He got me. He really is psychic and doesnt know it.
In5aNeGuY Yes i know to never pick 7 when someone’s doing the guessing thing lolol
I originally was gonna choose six, then five, but I thought that they were too obvious and went with seven. Big mistake.
Kevin: "Let's say your number was 7"
Me: *gasps* "The beard is magical"
welp mine was seven so yea
Me too
Same
MINE WAS 7
seven gang
Why am I yelling at my phone saying “ITS TWOOO”
There's an old board game named Bonkers that has chains like this. You build the board as you play and you learn pretty quickly that you can link anywhere into the chain to get to its endpoint.
"Pick one"
Me: ok *picks 1*
Богдан Седин lol same
Lol
Samee
Same
lol :p
Vsauce: So you're at... SIX!
Me at 8⅝: *confused screaming*
I think I messed up I was at 3
I was at the 7. Because I spelled in German. He didn't say not to do that😌
Me at 4 1/8: *confused confusion*
@@ethanb2698 me 2
me 10
4:25 Jokes on you, I was on the three
Vsauce2: "you dident land on the 12."
me, who got 12: *WRONG!*
"If you picked seven"
Not even 10 seconds into the trick and he knows my number...
Seven is the best number tbh
@@usernametaken017 yep
Lol first thing i pick os seven too
Same
Me too
"If you picked eleven"
Me (picked 11): he's doing the job for me. How nice.
I'm the 69th liker of your comment... N I C E :-)
i picked seven haha
but if u start at four it's doing this :
3 then
8 but he remove 8, so if you want to do at 7 now. You land on the 3
and I have no idea what im doing wrong here
That was creepy!!
@@samymehni1382 dont count the 12, he said start from 12 not with 12.. put your finger at 12 and start moving to 1 2 3 . . and if you picked 4(f o u r) you go from 1(f) 2(o) 3(u) 4(r)..... dont count at 12... start count when you are at 1 ok
0:12 - Is this a glass with "Gojira" (French Metal music group) logo on it?
When your ten parallel universes ahead, because you spelled your letter in a different language
What is unverse ahead? You only know one you are in.
*Stops on eight*
"I guess I have done everything correctly"
"You are SURELY not on the number eight!"
"Now hold on..."
this happened to me too 😪
Go back to 1:29 and pay attention.
same
@@markconigliaro Dude, there are 4 letters in four. That puts you back at 4. Using the number of letters in the "new number" that puts you at 8.
@@yaroslavsky yes, but then he says do it *again* , which puts you then to 1, which is, as he explained, the magic number
Him: YOURE ON THE 6
Me, on the 7: Welp what did I do wrong now...
Same happened to me😅...
Meet too
Me too
Sike that's the wrong number
"""Oooooohhhhhhhhhoohohhohoohoh""""
You simply have more value in numbers
"but i do know, that you are not on the 2"
Anyone who landed on that: YIPPEE
Maybe it is because I am a physicist that minored in math but this trick seemed instantly obvious as soon as you started setting it up. Cool that the numbers happened to work out that way though.
1:37 "if your secret number is 7"
*starts sweating*
same dude, he's just too good
@@danielchoucinofigueiras1733 same.
Same, i picked 7 too
I also picked 7...
Bro doesn’t need to even do his trick fully
Him: choose a number
Me: seven is my lucky number
Him: for example, if you choose seven
i started on 4 and ended up on 12
That is why I did not choose seven
I debated about choosing seven or five I chose seven he used that as an example then landed on five WTF
dude i chose 7 too!!!
He didn’t have my lucky 13
Kevin: "This is a fun little trick you can use to mess with your little brother's mind"
Me who's the little brother: Hah, pathetic
4:18 THAT IS MY NUMBER LOL
"If you're on 3.."
*Sweating*
relatable moment xd lol
i was on 4
Me too and this didn't work for me..
I was on 3
@@Suran107 then you probably can't count lol
Vsause: you are on the three? No no no, you are not on the three
Me: just looking at my number being thrown out of the number group
Signar Mikkelsen You didn't pass math did you
@@werrywit maybe they passed in another language
@@hugofontes5708 And the Chinese only has to move one space at a time. Nice.
I thought pi, I WIN
SAME
Jokes on you.Guess what?Because I picked one and ended up on one again 😂
🧑🏫
👇
In computer science, this forms a forest graph. A forest graph consists of multiple tree graphs. The trick always works if and only if the starting numbers are all on the same tree.
“If your secret number is seven...”
*Breathing intensifies*
exactly my thought too
He got us
Lol
I always pick 7 for things, so this time I picked 3...... coincidence ?
same
Me: Clicks play
Merlin: “I know everything about what you do and think”
Me: *takes hearty swig of chocolate milk*
Merlin: “…with my chocolate milk”
Me: *closing computer* “well this video has been fun”
You were way off I started with the 5
@@daletaylor330 .
@@daletaylor330 what
Haha
Lmao
I had already done the math on the first one to realize how fast they would line up once. Although at first I thought it was going to be counting based on where our number started which made me think it would take more time.
Haha Vsauce you did count for my brain to be off when you where telling the rules
"Do you live in a country? Yes. You do."
People in Antarctica: "Am I a joke to you?"
Arthur Uppiano you can’t actually permanently live in Antarctica.
Sure, maybe science, but not actually reside there.
Antarctica is a country and continent right.... well so it Australia so I don’t get it? What’s the argument here???
Technically Antarctica was separated in to pieces due to colonization
Me: picks 7
Him: If you're secret number is seven, let's say
Ne: visibly freaked out
Same
Sane here
We all suffered the same fate
Your*
Aron Fekete same
0:11 that Gojira glass didn't escape my attention. 👀
KEVIN: Pick a card, any card.
ME: Alright, Stan Musial.
Kevin: "If you picked 7"
Me: *panicked hyperventilating*
to be fair people tend to pick 7 more often than other numbers
@@Melecie are there studies or something?
@@soullessangel207 ah thank you for the reply. I havent watched that lad in years so also thanks for reminding me about him.
7 is a holy number that we all subconciously love. Thats why slot machines have triple 7's give the biggest payout.
I try to respect others beliefs, but 7 being a "holy number" definitely wasnt an answer I was looking for.
That awkward moment when he takes your number away
That awkward moment when you realise you messed up, but dont know where TwT
When you realize you can't count?
when you realise that you cannot spell XD
Oof
if you start with 6 it doesnt work
He doesn’t realize the only thing I thought of this whole time was bananas
This is amazing 😁😍👏❤
"Magic works 100% of the time"
Hear that DM? Vsauce Kevin guarantees it! now stop asking me to roll spell casts.
Too bad
Make a concentration check
Joke's on you - I spelled in an other language.
Me too
Me too
What language did you count in?
I did in norwegian and ended on 12
@@arketim7938 French personally
great minds think alike
I remember one of Copperfield's TV specials, when I was a kid, and doing this trick. I was freaked out!
Shit, I just realised I can’t count, he took my number away😂
For those who have difficulty spelling
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. Five
6. Six
7. Seven
8. Eight
9. Nine
10. Ten
11. Eleven
12. Twelve
is this the reason why spelling bee is still a real contest
Thx
Спасибо
Thanks this is so helpful!
My faith in humanity is disappearing.
“you're not on three”
Its either I am on thre or I forgot how to count
U chosed 10?
11
Replys are dumb. See how he wrote 3.(I actually can't spell 3)
Same
Same i got it
"You're wherever you are, and I'm in my mom's basement, right? WRONG!! Well, I am in my mom's basement..."
Wait, then where am I?
Bro became santa claus teaching magic
Merlin: You aren't on 10.....
me: but I am o-
Merlin: *You aren't on 10.....*
Same
You can't count then~
Same!
Bose-Einstein You are being mean
Same
Just spell the numbers in any language other than english...
Mind size: *MEGA*
When I pick 1 and u say that and I think of french so uno
Wait a minute
@@williammartin8873 **laughing emoji**
i know this is a joke buuuuuuuut not quite, for example "nine" has four letters and in german it's "neun" which also has four letters and also in french where it is "neuf". Same with "six" and "sechs" wait a minute-
@@SentientPotato3 well, "nine" has four letters and in russian it's "девять", which has six letters; "eight" has five letters and in russian it's "восемь", which has six letters; "seven" has five letters and in russian it's "семь", which has 4 letters... So if you spell the numbers in russian, you'll always end up on a different number than in english.
Vsauce2: If your secret number is sev-
Me: How did u know my secret Number?!?!?!?!
It's real
You : you chosed the 6 ! Me : I didn't know i chosed the 6 .
Okay, Vsauce2 is a professional wizard now. I am proud of him.
Doesn't do what's on the tin.
Never once guessed the number *I picked.* Just sent me along to another number and told me that one.
Me: picks number 7
Kevin: "Suppose you pick number 7....."
Me: aaaaaaaaaaa
Same
Same
Tossing the kangaroo algorithm aside in that manner was classically comedic...🙂
Good job
"If you picked seven..."
WELL uh i get called out like this ? Before the magic trick starts ? Well damn.
“If your secret number is seven”
Me: *Sweats nervously*
i also picked seven first and it lands on 5 *and 75 is my favorite number*
Same
XD same happened here
7 is most popular number
I picked seven than 11 and he guessed those to first
Jokes on you I started with 1.5
Problems with such tricks is that you attempt to do at the beggining, that them are language dependent, but you could calculate chain for different languages and improve trick to guess viewer language/country
Everyone saying they beat him:
Me actually getting 6: what
I got 7 lol
You always get 6 unless you did the math wrong.
@@ItsLogic Every number you choose at the start has 3-5 letters, those three outcomes all lead back to the one in the end, everybody then takes the same steps and ends up on 6.
I got 6
Nelson Lantican ik
"Now clear your mind of its usual thoughts. Memes, pizza rolls, energy drinks."
OK WOW YOU DIDN'T HAVE TO MAKE IT PERSONAL
1:00 sounds like hes gona leak my ip address
My brain is like Florida all the water is evaporated
“ i know that you’re not on the 2 either... or the 4... or the 8”
Me being on the 8: 😔
Also me on 4
I choose 6, and was on 4 too
I chose 8 And ended on three
Joan me to
I was in the 8 too
Official vsauces:
Michael
Jake
Kevin
Ethan and Hila
Merlin
And Ian
Aren't Ethan and hola from h3h3
I'm not a vsauce
Although I am ethan
Me: * lands on 10 *
Kevin: * removes 10 *
I pressed the wrong number.I ended up on nine
Vsauce2: "If you picked seven, for instance, you would move..."
Me: Oh, guess I won't need to count this one
I picked 7 aswell
@@jgperes me too then l picked 4
Me too
"Spell the number"
Me, a non-English viewer: *Giorno's theme plays*
"8 okay lets count: S-E-K-İ-Z now I am on 5 lets count: B-E-Ş now I am on 8 lets count: S-E-K-İ-Z now I am on 1" The random number I choose joins the chain where english chain joins 1. If I try this with Turkish when I spin third time I would end up in 1 if I choose 4,6,7,8,9,11 or 12. 1,2,3,5 and 10 would end up in 8 and chains would perfectly follow each other with one move lag.
Can you make the same type of game work in your native language
@@umbraemilitos Maybe with another number as the final number? I'd have to check
@@Mauripsu You may need more or less than 12.
1 = B-İ-R
2 = İ-K-İ
3 = ü-Ç
4 = D-Ö-R-T
5 = B-E-Ş
6 = A-L-T-I
7 = Y-E-D-İ
8 = S-E-K-İ-Z
9 = D-O-K-U-Z
10 = O-N
11 = O-N-B-İ-R
12 = O-N-İ-K-İ
these are the spellings of the numbers do the math yourself.
Jokes on you, where in the rules did it say I had to spell it *IN ENGLISH??*
Laughs in 日本語羅馬字 and getting a 10
I was on the three. You said 'any number from one to twelve.' I chose 1.5. I win.
7:13 no, you don't.
I have never felt such power as being able to tell where the trick was going after step one
ikr
Yeeeee same :D
"Spell your number"
Laughs not in english
Same😂
O-N-E
Spanish: Uno
French: Un
Chinese: e
Bfb_Pencil Finnish: yksi
@@jarkki1017 German: Eins
Jokes on you, you took away the 8 while I was on it!
Vsuace: You're not on the 2
me: yes
Vsuace: You're not on the 4
me: yes
Vsuace: You're not on the 12
me: i was on 12
Kevin: Do you have friends?
Me: Yes
Kevin: WRONG!!!
Me: how did you know ;-;
Showing this to my family members is easier than explain the trick.
absolutely😂
@Emily Moore 🤣
Why on earth would you want to explain the trick. I'm going to use this in D&D puzzles for my players and blow their minds
this is really the featured comment?
Just say "it's magic"
Oh wow. SO impressive. Three point three got me on the ten.
He: I know your number wasn't eight
Meanwhile my number: 😢😢😢
It’s what you landed on not your starting number
Me: ends on 12
He : I know everything about you..... continues removing 12
(None can understand me 🥺😢)
Yup, sadly thus trick doesn't work in other languages rather than English
Me: choose 4 and land on 4
LOL
Same i was on 12 too
@@areeshakhalid4629 😂😂😂😂🤣🤣🤣
Same dude i ended on 8 and he removed it 😂
I was on the 2
Could be because I spelled in German
Arketim me too, I spelled in spanish, success
same i was on 8 mut in english wtf....have to watch again tomorrow i guess
@@somhrsh same here
Naaaah
Arketim hahaha wollte ich auch erst
4:20
jokes on you
im in the ten
Me:on the 10,then 5
You: You are on the 6!
Kevin: "Clear your mind of memes, pizza rolls and energy drinks"
Me: "wow thats what I was actually thinking crazy coinky-dink"
Me: "chooses 7"
Kevin: "if your number is 7"
Me: "okay thats crazy that he guessed that I'll just change my number to something else then. How bout, idk 3?"
Kevin: "if your number is three"
Me: YOU'RE A WIZARD HARRY
I did the same
Wizard: "You're on... THE SIX"
You: *Heart attack*
@@canter1ter i falled off the chair i was on
@@canter1ter My jaw dropped when that happened. I assumed he would say 7 or something. I picked 5 at the start.
he is cheatin
"You're not on twelve"
I'm pretty sure I am
same
same
same
Same
Same
You are the best man