BIOLOGY LECTURE BIOMOLECULES

Sure! Here’s a brief overview of the main types of biomolecules:
1. *Carbohydrates*
**Structure**: Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (typically in a 1:2:1 ratio).
**Function**: Provide energy (e.g., glucose), serve as structural components (e.g., cellulose in plants), and play roles in cell recognition (e.g., glycoproteins).
**Examples**: Monosaccharides (glucose), disaccharides (sucrose), and polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose).
2. *Lipids*
**Structure**: Diverse group, mainly composed of carbon and hydrogen; hydrophobic or amphipathic properties.
**Function**: Store energy (triglycerides), form cell membranes (phospholipids), and act as signaling molecules (steroids).
**Examples**: Fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids (e.g., cholesterol).
3. *Proteins*
**Structure**: Composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folded into specific three-dimensional shapes.
**Function**: Catalyze biochemical reactions (enzymes), provide structural support (collagen), transport molecules (hemoglobin), and play roles in immune responses (antibodies).
**Examples**: Enzymes (like lactase), structural proteins (like keratin), and antibodies.
4. *Nucleic Acids*
**Structure**: Composed of nucleotides, each containing a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
**Function**: Store and transmit genetic information (DNA), and play roles in protein synthesis (RNA).
**Examples**: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Summary
Biomolecules are essential for life, playing critical roles in structure, function, and regulation within biological systems. Each type has unique characteristics and functions that contribute to the complexity of living organisms. If you need more detailed information on any specific biomolecule or topic, feel free to ask!