What is up with Noises? (The Science and Mathematics of Sound, Frequency, and Pitch)
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- Опубликовано: 14 окт 2024
- Accuracy not guaranteed. Get Audacity and play! audacity.source...
Correction: it is the "Basilar" membrane, which is what I say, but somehow between recording the script and actually drawing the stuff I got confused and thought I just pronounced my Vs poorly. Always sad to have such a simple and glaring error in something I put hundreds of hours of work into, but a "Vasilar" membrane can be the kind that a Vi draws to explain Viola Vibrations, I guess! Making up new words is just so prolightfully awstastic.
Props to my Bro for excellent and creative swing pushing, and to my Mamma for filming it.
Extra special thanks to my generous donators, without whom I would not have been able to create this video. Because of your support, I have the equipment, time, and take-out Thai food necessary for doing stuff like this.
My personal website, which you might like: vihart.com
They have never taught this at high school, it's like, every sound is different if played in a different instrument (why?) because of reasons... And that's the only explanation they gave us, now it's MUCH easier to understand!
+Tomas ぬ I'm sharing these with my hs music directors. XD This makes a lot of the things they explained to us really easy to understand. (we didn't learn about how things sound different though or how you actually hear things.)
Sound science is a super complex study actually that requires understanding a lot of mathematics with triginometry because of how the wave forms
My middle school physics textbook said that the same note played on different instruments sound different because of the sound's "quality". and then never expanded on what that meant.
Teachers are always these super-scholars who stick to giving exact truth every time... they end up telling only fraction of anything in fear of telling a wrong. *they could just say* _think it like this, it is not the whole truth but this is close one..._
It's actually somewhat more complicated than was fully explained here, though this was a good start. The video hinted briefly at non-sinewave patterns but didn't really explore that much. In practice, a lot of real world sounds are not sine waves. Many _are_ composed of sine waves, but far from all. You can easily find videos on RUclips that will show you what square and sawtooth waves sound like (because certain very popular video game systems used them), so you can compare those to a sine wave; but of course there are other possibilities as well, and the real world contains some rather complicated sound waves.
When you broke that C string I literally looked over at my viola to make sure it was okay.
This happens because the instruments from the string family can magically teleport. This phenomenon happens very rarely, but beware for some instruments teleport more that others. SCIENCE!
Sopore por I bet those instruments that are affected by this teleportation are more empathic towards fellow instruments.
OMG yes! I was like, um...oh my viola's okay. that's just her breaking hers not mine... :/
I just was thinking "How dare you kill a viola string!"
I kinda twitched since I play the cello (which is extremely easy to break the a string on) and I know that it sucks so in my head I was like 😱
omg when she broke her string I gasped out loud, natural violist reaction XD but she probably meant to do that haha
Dino Dragon same 😂
same, and i'm not even good at playing instruments
When I broke a string in the middle concert I just played it like 3rd to 6th position on A when I needed the E 😂 worked out all right
Me to. My violin teacher is always telling us to be careful when your tuning.
I dropped my bow once, it didn’t break but it almost gave me a heart attack
I learned more in this video than I did in the month long unit my science class did on sound waves 😅
11:54 That was such a beautiful conclusion to this video! Definitely one of my favorite individual moments in any of your videos. Thanks for being amazing Vi
I've PLAYED "harmonics" on a guitar or a bass viol, but until this video I never UNDERSTOOD them before. Thanks!
Very impressive. I've been playing around with synthesizers for about 40 years and this is really a very beautiful and concise explanation of several relevant topics to not only musicians, but people with ears. Kudos to you. And your Mom and Bro. Nicely done.
holy crap, vi. thank you for doing this i can tell you put so much work into this
Wow, you are a true pro! What a wonderful presentation of a whole semester's information in less than 13 minutes, yet it's easy to follow and understand. You are obviously going to do some amazing things in your life. I'm about to embark on a marathon of watching all your videos. I ran across this because I have an Aunt Vi and a cousin Colleen Hart, but found a treasure. Keep it up!
I'm in an audio recording class and we've covered pretty much everything you've talked about here but in a less quirky (and thus less entertaining) way. I loved this video.
That was AMAZINGLY well done. One of the most concise I've ever seen on this topic.
This is my favorite video of yours. The production value, the sound design, the feel of an actual documentary... every detail counts.
so the reason I sometimes hear my name out of nowhere, or the bell in the middle of the period, is because my brain is misattributing ambient noise? God damn it brain.
That happens with me too!
alias privacy Yep, that's called pareidolia.
Now, apply all of these principles to organ construction, and let your mind be blown.
tell me..
I kind of wish they would buid a 128' organ pipe even though we couldn't really hear the fundamental at all, just to you know, have done it
+Divya “Divy” Whiteberg Not what you're talking about, but a similar idea: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octobass
Oh yes I love the octobass haha Too bad there are only 3 3:
That only goes down to c0 though, whereas a 128' pipe would go down to C-2 xD
Even though you typed "vasilar",the words still appear as "basilar".
I love your closing remarks:
"Your ears perfected over hundreds of millions of years capture these frequencies in such exquisite detail that it's a wonder we can make sense of it all, but we do. Picking out the patterns that mathematics dictates; finding order; finding beauty."
Thank you again.
Wow, Vi. I just now saw this. I've known some of the relationships you mentioned here, and I've had diffeq, and all that (and used it). But thanks for actually making the connection between a chord a single note. Again, mad props. And kudos for disrespecting a musical instrument, and treating it like a learning instrument. And for linking it back all the way to the hardware in the inner ear. You're an inspiration.
Absolutely the best, most concise, clear, informative, graphic, entertaining, funny, inspiring explanation of the foundations of music I've ever seen (heard, read). Bravo!
The music with your piano at the beginning and the end is some of the most beautiful music I have ever listened to. Amazing.
People say she talks too fast, but I think she talks at, like, the perfect speed. I talk really fast too, so that's probably why I can understand it so well.
Please. Have a cookie.
If she talked slower than she would have to called a math moive
I AM SO HAPPY YOU PLAY VIOLA?!?!?? THIS IS AMAZING AHHHHHHHHHHH
violists in the house, I feel like there are none
Add me to the club haha
What up people
Did you feel bad for the snapped c string too?
ApplepieFTW it broke my heart D:
I play violin, but the snapped c string killed me too.
This is by far the very best explanation and illustration of the mathematics underneath musical resonance and harmony that I've ever come across. Absolutely brilliant, clear teaching and it's all accomplished in under thirteen minutes.Very well done indeed!
That had to be the most well done educational video I have ever seen, and I sacrilegiously mean Bill Nye included
But keep in mind, that western tuning can only approximate up to ratios of 5. The 7th overtone is horrible represented in our tuning and the 11th and 13th cannot even be represented at all.
God gave us a choice to express ourselves as individuals or to go with the flow.
Your videos about music and math are so incredible. I've lived music my whole life and even tried to major in music education. Unfortunately life got in the way of that, but it didn't dim my love of music! But these videos, learning the HOWS and WHYS behind music give me an even deeper appreciation of the art. It gives me a certain feeling, almost like awe, when it all comes together and makes sense.
"So what are we doing tonight, Brain?"
"The same thing we do every night, Pinky. Try to mis-attribute the world (words?)!"
Thumbs up for correct pronunciation of "timbre"
The thing I love the most about your videos is that you actually put quite a bit of effort into making them, keep 'em comin'!
Wow, this is incredibly well explained. A bit fast for older brains, but no problem - replay. Thank you!
pretty great explanation. something else i've always wondered about is, beyond consonance and dissonance, why do different intervals also have different emotional values? for example, a major third sounds happy, a minor third sounds sad, and a fifth sounds consonant but also emotionless. i guess that's probably getting past physics and into neuroscience/psychology, but if anyone could explain or link to an explanation i'd be very grateful.
Alex Blum Although I don't remember it answering those specific questions, this one may be worth checking out for you:
www.amazon.com/This-Your-Brain-Music-Obsession/dp/0452288525
thanks!
@@alexblum9541what did they say
vihart, i love your videos. i almost never fully understand any of them, but i love learning about it and listening to you talk. also, the end of this video was pretty beautiful and almost poetic.
So every prime number gives a new note. So every time a new prime number is discovered a new note is found?
Which means since bats can hear higher frequencies they may "hear" prime numbers that we can't
+WildFire at some point the note frequency becomes to high such that the mechanical waves that propagate through the atmosphere breakdown into nothing but non-repeating garbage. or something like that. plus our ears can't hear above 20khz to begin with, so it depends on what you mean by "note". the mathematics goes on infinitely, presumably, and a bats ear might have a higher upper bound in frequency. but if you want to keep on counting up the notes you can just discover more and more and more and more. C#2^24 lol
What about "noise" noise, though? Ones without a pitch like the snap of fingers or white noise? Or two samples of white noise that sound different? My question is pretty vague, but I feel like there could be more math to this than "it's just a bunch of frequencies squished together"
Elias Simon I don't know a lot about this sort of thing, but it is my understanding that "noise", as opposed to musical notes with specific pitches, are waves without a well defined frequency. For example, if I play a C the wave produced will have some definite frequency all along the wave. However, if I snap my finger the waves produced won't be regular. It's sort of like the difference between a pure sine wave which oscillates at some definite frequency and a wave drawn erratically with no pattern.
+Elias Simon Yes, noise it's just a bunch of frequencies squished together even the snap of fingers or the crash of a cymbal
+Elias Simon I guess when soundwaves clash and don't match up together you get "noise"...
The closer the harmonics present in a sound follow the overtone series, the more our ears will perceive it as having a pitch.
When you snap your fingers, you let out a wave so short that when you hear it, it very, very briefly vibrates the cochlea, which means that the brain has trouble decoding this. Because the brain is lazy in sounds *cough* hearing different words *cough*, it generalizes it to a snap.
I remember watching this at a very young age, I had no idea about programs like audacity and other sound related stuff, but I was still really able to enjoy this video like I am today.
I'm salty because for once the viola ripped the spotlight from the leathery claws of my precious violin.
MrGreendot sorry. The viola is just the older sibling 😉
I was personally happy because I play viola and not violin.
@@JustADudeInABasement same
I wish I could fully understand your videos, it's such a pity that I can't..
I love that contrast: being bombarded with all these brainy information, then coming back to the sense of wonder. So easy to loose the beauty of things when you are dissecting them. Thanks Vi for showing us both sides!
that moment when you broke the violin chord my brain lost all effort to concentrate on the rest of the video before i finish this comment and tell everyone how terrifying that was, especially a g chord, the thickest one on a violin
or as you said later in the video a viola chord which makes it even worse cause the chord must have been thicker than a g chord on the violin
that.s exactly what i felt...*still cringing*
Having broken several cello strings (I'm bad at cello shutup) I can say that the larger the string, the less likely it is to fly up and like slice off a finger or something.
What happens is the steel unwinds and gives the string enough slack to slow down and stop.
That was a C. It was a viola. ADGC
+pogogo51 at least you don't break more or less a string once a month. Harps are super expensive to keep as well as to buy, but they're fun so oh well...
7:08
I think it might have been useful here to also discuss how this affects the shapes of wave forms such that one gets square waves, triangle waves, and the rest
I love your videos, Vi! Combining all of my favorite subjects (Math, Science, Music, Doodling) perfectly! Keeping me bench watching your videos 😉😊❤️
as a string player that c string snap made me uncomforatble. I've already snapped a g this week.
Why did you pop your string??? It was a perfectly good C (or G couldn't tell) string! XD
I play viola and my heart dropped when she did that.
+Michaela Wilson ikr
I wish I had professors like you, my life would be much more exciting. The enthusiasm in your videos resonates like the sounds that you're talking about.
You are a genius, I feel as if you would be able to be a scientist, Or invent things. Do you do research before your videos?
On some stuff, yes, but she finds a lot of stuff on her own.
Bilbo_Gamers Oh, Cool.
Silent Shadows I imagine she does, at least. Theres just some stuff you can't look up/
Bilbo_Gamers True.
She's a mathematician.
11:54 sounds like a pixar movie
Derek Jay Would be an awesome movie
This is the first of your videos that I have been able to digest 110%! Some of the cool math and physics concepts you've made videos about go over my head (even though I want so badly to understand!), but this right here made perfect sense! Love it :)
Yep confirmed particles are just being bullied until they give off an emotional outpouring of grief- sound.
i cringed when she snapped the string. I mean, i don't care. her stuff, she can do what she wants. but i cringed
same
A few times I caught myself on not paying attention to the meaning of what you were saying but just listening to this vid in awe.
It's like watching one of those scientific programs about space/dimentions/quantum physics/etc on tv and at first you are actually trying to understand it but later on you are just like "whoa... I have no idea what they're talking about, but it sounds genious af" till the point when they switch to explaining sth else (and then it's the same story all over again).
A viola! Yay!
You broke it...
+Jeremy Boyd you're writing on it :'(
I could go for a divine 5th right now.
I can't stop watching you videos .And i noticed you know everything : biology,maths,sience,physics,music,art(ofcourse).You must be the legendary Perfect human !
She forgot Tasmania beneath Australia at 5:43!
And New Zealand
But most importantly Tasmania
And almost the entire nation of Indonesia, the island of Borneo, the Philippines, Taiwan..
and Greenland and Cuba and Madagascar
This stuff, as well as sight, not to even mention the brain, is so complicated and precise that it pretty much had to have been designed. This didn't happen by accident.
Does it? Complexity can arise from very simple things. I'm not sure that we really know enough to conclude there must be a creator.
Alex Shook Yes, but I don't know how this stuff happened by accident. That's like saying that a new iPhone filled with all the apps happened by a rock rolling down hills or going down rivers. Actually, this stuff is more complex, because this is made of billions of cells that are just as complicaated
I agree that its very complicated but there's still a lot of randomness everywhere. I know that was meant to be a simplified analogy but its not so much like a rock rolling down a hill, more like billions of particles colliding over unimaginably long periods of time. Eventually even very unlikely things will happen given enough time. I guess this is just a difference in perspective but the more I learn about this stuff the more it seems random and chaotic rather than designed.
Alex Shook Well, if the argument is that things have been around for so long that this thing would have to be created, why haven't we found aliens? How come natural selection with its ultimate flexibility hasn't evolved life forms that don't need oxygen?
Well in fact there are life forms on earth that can survive without oxygen. As for aliens just because we haven't found them doesn't mean they're out there. Its possible that life is so rare that it only occurred once so far. Or maybe there are aliens but we can't find them. The observable universe alone is so incredibly large and our ability to travel and search it for life very limited. And anything outside the observable universe is completely unacceptable.
This was honestly kinda beautiful in it simplicity, majestic to see how so many things go on just to form a simple note and how we percive it.
Your brilliance never fails to amaze me Vi
vihart are you a synaesthete? your obvious enthusiasm for acoustics and math have won you a new geek subscriber.
i discovered your channel a couple of days ago, and before then had not much else but disdain for math. As an artists, i felt like math was the polar opposite of what i liked to do. Math was to structured and art was so organic. You've showed me, however, that math and art are one in the same--one harmony of structured organics. I kinda see the world in a whole new way now. I can't thank you enough.
she has a very calming voice it makes me happy on a side note i think i learn more from her more than any of my teachers
She is so unbelievably talented; it just makes me warm and fuzzy inside.
I really like you. I play viola and piano too, and I'm also into asking questions and finding answers. Found your channel a few days ago and I'm impressed by all your talents and habilities. I'm from South America but I learnt english when I was a kid. Really looking forward to watching more of your videos.
In case you ever read this, have you ever been interested in synths? especially FM ones, which means they modulate frequencies to imitate the sound of real instruments
Great Job with this illustration. I could watch that 10 times over and learn more. I have been a Sound Technician for over 12 years and love every bit of information that you provide. Keep up the good work :)
I have to say that these videos are more captivating and thought-provoking than 90% of the internet right now.
I love Vi's videos! Such beautiful sounds! Such beautiful ideas! Such a beautiful person! (Plus I love her Yamaha P-155s keyboard *covet covet covet*)
I can't describe to you how much I love this video. This is RUclips at its absolute best.
Well, Vi Hart's videos never get old. Today I'm re-watching this video after suuchh a long time, and it is even more better. Today is the first time I understood, every little niche and detail in the video (I think?), pausing the video several times, and musing over the stuff said. Got reminded of this video while I was studying ENT (Ear Nose Throat), as I am a medico. This has just made the subject seem so much more beautiful.
I love your content, every other video gives me the chills, you're so god at this. I've studied a lot of music theory and the physics of sound (waves in general), but your way of putting it was just so well written. Can't help but notice you haven't uploaded in some time, is it too early to say "please come back"? :P
I am a musician doing calculus right now and this video blew my mind. Everything makes so much more sense!
I took formal piano lessons for 12 years, including theory. Music was one of my high school "majors." I wound up in healthcare, 2 years education and 20 years experience. I just learned more about music and sound in just over 10 minutes than I learned in 34 years education and experience.
I am no dummy, usually the smartest kid in class all through school. It is so much fun to run into people who make me feel just a little stupid. Thanks!
This was Sagan-esque. And you blew my mind when you figured the spatial length of the notes.
How did anyone understand this before this video was made? Seriously. Quality. Wow.
Literally, one of the most eye-opening videos ı ever watched on youtube!
A must see video to grasp the basics of harmonics and the links between math and music.
This video is probably the best one I've ever seen from Vihart, even surpassing the epic trilogy of Phi.
Math, Physics, Biology and Music. This video plucks all my strings!
you're to thoughtfull for me,you got good talking skills,you think at the speed of light and you make me mindblown everytime :)
I studied how the ear works some years ago and it blew my mind, seeing it in this video again and with all the other stuff blew my mind again, much more!!
I got this as a "recommended" video because I watched something else, and I just have to say, I love math, and I love music, ergo, I LOVE VIHART. Thanks SO MUCH for your work, intuition, and curiosity!!
Saw this video before, and came across it again today... Yup still one of my favorite videos ever.
There is so much going on! Every time I watch this video, I find something new. I really think this could be one of my favorite videos on RUclips.
Now, if only it had captions. I'd love to see what Google's auto-captioning thing does to try to make sense of all this noise.
Ok I knew your channel, but never saw this video from way back. This is a really fantastic educational video. Here, take my virtual RUclips Oscar 🏆
Seriously, fantastic!
I've been trying to look for a simple explanation to why fifths vibrate each other. This is amazing.
Every one of your videos has been super cool and interesting, but I wanted to add that this one is also beautiful. Keep up the good work!
This is honestly one of the most beautiful things I have ever seen
This did seriously good things to both my brain and my mood. Beautiful, educational art you've made, here!
I've enjoyed your videos very much. I hadn't seen one in maybe 6 years, and now I just saw this.
You say you don't really know why « a string half the length oscillates at double the frequency ». The reason is simple : the pulse (perturbation) needs to travel half the distance, so since it travels at the same speed as before, if finishes a lap in half the time.
I feel very proud that I could answer to something you mentioned not knowing. I wish you many good returns. Kind regards.
As a musician that works in the sciences I simply cannot like this enough. MIND = BLOWN
I'm an auditory scientist and this is one of the best explanations of hearing and pitch that I've seen! Well done. Two comments though:
1) Unless you are Spanish ( :-) ) , it's 'Basilar Membrane' , not 'Vasilar membrane'.
2) The haircells are not on the bottom of the lower compartment, they are actually ON the basilar membrane. (in fact, to be completely correct there is a second membrane, called the tectorial membrane and the cochlea is split in 3 compartments rather than two, but this is a detail, the haircells should definitely be on the membrane, they actually 'feel' the movement of the membrane directly.
I love how we're learning about what we're doing this very second while watching this video
Hell yes. I knew a lot of this stuff already, because I'm a musician and engineering student and general math dork, but you gave me some nice new little facts to add to my collection!
been binge watching your videos the whole night, wish you were my maths teacher. you should be everyone's math teacher! can I have your autograph?
This is by far the best explanation of sound I've ever watched, I rarely commented on youtube but, yes I do now, and i would love to recommend this to y friends, thank you Vihart
Vi's videos always make me sit there like O-O for about ten minutes afterwards..
5:46 frequency: a string half the length vibrates twice as fast
This is why:
The basics:
A standing wave is formed when there is a node (nodes are basically when the sin function has an amplitude of 0) at each end of the string. No matter how many nodes there are overall on the string, there will be a standing wave as long as there is a node at each end. Also 1 wavelength is basically the graph of sin x when 0≤x≤2π, so the string may vibrate at 1 wavelength, or two, or a half, or 3 and so on, because these form standing waves along the string (standing waves are basically the same as the swing analogy, push someone at the right time and you can have them osculating with minimum effort) however the string will not vibrate at 1/4 a wavelength or 1/8 or 1/6 because there is not a node at each end.
The definition of frequency is- the amount of waves that goes past a point during 1 second.
λ is the notation for wavelength, 1λ = 1 wavelength
c = λf which relates the speed of waves (c) to the frequency (f) and the wavelength(λ)
the speed of waves (c) in air is constant no matter what sound it is assuming that the temperature and pressure is the same.
Reasoning:
Assume the length of the string you want to vibrate is L. At the fundamental frequency (the lowest frequency the string can vibrate at), there is only 1/2 a wavelength present on the string at any given moment. So here, L = 1/2λ, and using a formula, we can say c = 2L f0 (assuming that the frequency at which the string vibrates at is f0)
Now, shortening the string by a half and having it vibrate at it's fundamental frequency will be the same as having a full wavelength run along the original length of the string (draw a scaled diagram, or trust me), so in this case, L = λ which means c = L f1 (assuming the frequency at which the string vibrates at is f1)
and because assuming the speed of sound is constant, relating f0 and f1:
2L f0 = L f1
2f0 = f1
which means, that if you shorten the string by half, the string will vibrate twice as fast.
+Tearsong "The basics:" Now I don't want to hear about the advanced.
Im a sound engineer, and surprisingly, this helped! Changing the overtone can make the brain hear something that isnt real. Now that is pretty cool!
This is the COOLEST THING EVER. I never really thought about the airwaves hitting my ears and how fragile and specific the hairs in my ear are and its just blowing my mind for some reason to imagine that i can do something so complicated without even knowing!
unlike most people, you respect people enough to do this at the proper tempo(instead of painfully slow). thank god!
this is by far the best explanation of the physics of sound i have ever seen!! amazing!
That was amazing it should be required forever in every class everywhere.
i just love how she gets Psyco and Philosophical about every topic c:
I just love to hear your voice. And that is everything I wanted and needed to hear