AFCI Breaker Basics - Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter how they work
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- Опубликовано: 28 ноя 2022
- In this video, we'll discuss the basics of an AFCI Breaker and how they work.
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That part is obvious, but how does it identify an arc? Ron W4BIN
my thought. I know that it works like that, but i don't know why. My first guess, its the change in resistance, but i don't know fur sure.
I still like his videos.
@@Kessim001 resistance can actually drop, it monitors the shape of the sine wave.
Fax, dude ended at the best part.
That's what I was wanting to know. Electricians need to learn on their own throughout their career. I have 33 years and completed a 4 year apprenticeship in the beginning and still don't know everything. Like gfci's, they work if there is any change in amperage between the hot and neutral. But how does an afci recognize an arc?
ummm, still waiting for the "How they work." part.
This was more like a "What they are." vid.
he explained it, circuit breaker will notice difference in current flow between hot and neutral wires and trip on the difference, usually 5ma
@@user-fn9cs4dv8r He is asking about AFCI, NOT GFCI. But how do they work? does the circuit board magicly detect the current pattern? or it has current sensor, with programmed microcontroller? or it's done electromechanically, this video only explain about the obvious part.
exactly! "arc creates a special electrical pattern which is detected by the breaker" is no sort of explanation
From Wikipedia: The electronics inside an AFCI breaker detect electrical current alternating at characteristic frequencies, usually around 100 kHz, known to be associated with wire arcing, which are sustained for more than a few milliseconds. A combination AFCI breaker provides protection against parallel arcing (line to neutral), series arcing (a loose, broken, or otherwise high resistance segment in a single line), ground arcing (from line or neutral to ground), overload, and short circuit. The AFCI will open the circuit if dangerous arcing is detected.
When installed as the first outlet on a branch circuit, AFCI receptacles provide series arc protection for the entire branch circuit. They also provide parallel arc protection for the branch circuit starting at the AFCI receptacle. Unlike AFCI breakers, AFCI receptacles may be used on any wiring system regardless of the panel.
Great video Thank you
Parallel arc faults like the screw shorting wires are not so hard to detect because the current is large.
The big trick is Series Arcing, like a loose wire on a socket. Here the current doesn't become large but it varies in a random way that can be interpreted as a problem. Some appliances also generate complex current waveforms and it's hard to tell the difference between a valid load and a dangerous load. It took a lot of tinkering to develop a good, reliable AFCI. There's always room for improvement. 🙂
Awesomeness ✌ 😎
So unlike an GFCI there's a microcontroller that monitors the waveform unlike they detect the imbalance of loads going to ground. This important function is how I fault find peoples electrical wiring.
Please do a video explaining how arcing works, thanks, really enjoy your videos.
"the circuit breaker can detect that..." See, he already explained it completely.
this is why as-builts are so important!! I was 14 when I asked for wiring / electrical drawings from the contractors of the new house my parents had bought back then ...
obviously, they looked at me as if I was crazy -
Smarty
At least you didn't rip apart your mom and dad's toaster and get caught using it without the case..... Now I own that toaster. Guess the licking I got was worth it!
Yea , I can relate. I was 8 years old when I got my contractors license and I started drawing as-builts. Sounds like you were a little slow at 14 years old. Did you take the short bus to school?
They also love to trip when using high amp motor equipment like miter saws. I had to connect it to a non-AFCI circuit so it didn't trip most of the time when using it.
That would be the arc from the motor brushes probably. I expect those things cause a lot of RFI as well.
Really ? I've never experienced that I run saws and everything on my afci no issues
Just a guess but perhaps you have brushless induction motors on your tools, not brushed motors.
"the circuit breaker can detect that..." See, he already explained it completely.
Never heard of this circuit intreruptor.
In yacht building I use an RCCB for sockets
Very good demonstration!! I have the same exact machine and it does a great job.
Thanks
I have a circuit on an AFCI breaker that has two different lights flickering intermittently. Shouldn’t whatever’s causing the light to flicker also be causing the AFCI to trip?
Wouldn’t the described scenario trip a regular / basic breaker immediately as well?
My understanding:
The answer is complicated. The purpose of a regular breaker is not to cause a fire due to electrical overload. So, you may have, say a 15 amp breaker. If the current exceeds 15 amps in the line that the breaker is connected it, it will trip due to mechanical metal elements heating up in side it. This prevents a large currently from flowing through a wire that is too small to handle it - which prevents the wire from getting hot and starting a fire. The most common causes off too much electricity flowing through a wire are 1) connecting too large of a draw to it 2) a ground fault.
A ground fault is a different type of failure in the electrical circuit. It is a connection between the hot wire and the ground wire or some other grounding source (like from water in a tub where an electrical device is dropped and the metal drain pipe or feed pipes of the tub). Since the grounding destination has a tremendous capacity for energy, more than 15 amps will be pulled and the regular breaker should trip.
AFCI breakers on the other hand use sensors on a circuit board to determine when power is flowing from the hot wire to the neutral wire. Typically, this should never happen (a common exception is if you have a mis-wired outlet in your house or a mis-wired direct connect appliance like a cloths drier). Hot and neutral are essentially separated in the transformer. The idea of the AFCI breaker is that while a too heavy load would trip it (like 15 amps in my example above) it can also be tripped by a hot to neutral fault even if the fault/arc is small.
That's the important point because an arc created by much smaller than 15 amps of power at 120 volts could easily start a fire. Imagine for example, to borrow from the video, if one one thread on the screw cut a tiny little hole in the wires' insulation, or imagine you have a floor that's a bit bouncy and the wires only come in contact with each other/the screw for a split second from a relatively long distance when you step heavily close to a certain spot. There isn't much connection/room for a lot of electricity to flow through but that little spark could ignite a 2x4 in your wall or the paper on the back of insulation or dry wall - especially if it happens over and over again.
A regular/basic breaker designed to only mechanically look for current >15 amps would miss this and let the fire happen. Likewise, a GFCI breaker/outlet would also miss it as it is designed to look for current on the ground wire rather that unexpected/unusual current on the neutral wire.
All that said, I don't have any AFCI breakers or outlets in my house because code in my area doesn't require them. And, I've heard that they can have a lot of "false alarm" trips (especially during thunder storms/wind storms and such things) and people find that super annoying and anxiety inducing. But, I heard all this a long time ago. So, perhaps the chips/programming in AFCI has been tuned up and gotten a lot better.
It is my understanding that AFCI is faster in detecting the arc pattern. Conventional breakers trip on exceeding current flow. This is sensed as heating or magnetic fields depending on the design of the breaker. Normally, you will have an excessive current flow on a dead short or when drawing too much current on a circuit that causes the breaker to trip. But conventional breakers also allow for motor starting currents spikes (saws, vacuum cleaner, well pumps) which can be 5-7 times the rated amperage of the break thus the delay in them tripping. AFCI & GFCI both trip in a few cycles where an overload condition may take more time or even minutes if additional items are turned on in that circuit before the breaker trips or a fuse blows. Conventional breakers are to protect the wiring from overheating. Tripping on a dead short is also a bonus. The AFCI & GFCI have shorting the tripping time to a few cycles better protecting people.
Yes it should. A regular breaker trips from too much flow. Dead shorting the hot to the neutral, like that screw did, would trip a regular breaker.
The GFCI breakers detect when there is an imbalance between the hot and neutral. So if you drop a hair dryer into a bath tub, there is more electricity going out the hot wire than is returning then it will trip. That is helpful because maybe the water or other substance might add some resistance and not allow a regular breaker to trip.
The AFCI breaker, as the video hinted at, detects an arcing situation where a loose wire might still be rubbing loosely against it's connection point to send electricity through the circuit as intended, but is still creating a fire hazard from the hot spark.
The regular breaker trips because of an instant rise in current, which arcing doesn't always do.
The screw in the example was very close, but not touching the wires it exposed.
Arcing is when electricity travels through air.
What would happen if I routed line into the load side of an afci switch?
Is this the same as afdd?
Ok now, How does the AFCI read the circuit ?
This is what I was hoping for too. Not just that it was looking for an arc event.
How is the animation you show not just a short that will trip a standard breaker too
Short and sweet
What's the point of coiled pig tail?
but how do they work? what is that unquie signal? what does the circuit that monitors this look like? is it microprocessor based or analog? Comon man
This is a basics video. Full details will be in the AFCI explained video
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Diagram shows the white (N) wire going to the terminal. But isnt the terminal Hot (Black)
Do single phase Arc fault breakers have two terminals?
I assume this is just a bad diagram.
Th diagram shows a hot (black) wire going to the outlet and a neutral (white) wire coming back to the breaker, then the pig tail white neutral wire goes to the neutral bus bar. Nothing wrong with the diagram.
0:50
It shows the Outlet N wire going to the breaker lug (where normally the hot wire would go, then it shows the wire continue to the N bus bar.
It also shows the outlet Hot wire go over the breaker and hot bus bar etc, with no lug / tie / lug / etc... (i.e. no clear connection point - presumably it should be the terminal, but thats where the diagram shows the white wire.)
Just saying...
Please I want advance
They are crap. Never needed them for hundreds of years
I think the short video speaks volumes as to why afci breakers are useless!!!!! It’s funny how the NEC is mostly written by electrical manufacturers who implement these very expensive and useless breakers!!
That's it??? I feel jipted..