When Earth Nearly Lost Everything: Top 5 Mass Extinctions
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- Опубликовано: 16 дек 2023
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they must pay a lot for their ad spots considering it has you compromising your "integrity" so much. all the other ads seem like stuff you would actually use vs this nonsense. might as well start doing ads for that electroshock belt that will give me 6pack abs without having to workout
Correct me if I'm wrong, but doesn't the word "Foreo" in Swedish mean .....big ass forehead?
RUclips - “the only extinction event is climate change. In 10-12 years, I mean 3-5 yrs.. +/-2,000 years “
No one's buying that unless we get video confirmation that's what Simon uses for his head🤷🏻♂️
@@rdgk1se3019 I'm sorry but you are wrong!
The extinction event that fascinates me the most is one you didn't mention - the Great Oxydization Event. The fact that the production of vast quantities of oxygen killed off over 80% of all life (which was almost entirely anaerobic at the time) is something many find surprising, since you wouldn't think to include "oxygen" on a toxin list but regardless it is. It's the idea that in order to survive this event some of the anaerobic bacteria formed a symbiosis with the new aerobic photosynthesising bacteria, living inside them for protection and they went on to become mitochondria, which led to the evolution of multi-cellular life.
Yeah that one is my "favorite" because I find it the most interesting. Cyanobacteria proliferation :s
i was wondering why he didnt mention this
When will people realise it's because god did it
You could slow down bro
@@1andonlynanoo22 because for God to do anything, it first has to exist
A slight correction, the ammonites didn't die off with the late Devonian extinction. They soldiered on, even through the Great Dying. It took the K-T extinction to finally do them in.
Second correction. It is in fact Devonian as you said, and no "Denovian" as he kept repeating.
@@iami3rian394 I heard Devonian every time he mentioned it; that’s what the subtitles had too. It’s been 4 months tho, I wonder if he went back and edited over the original.
@@Andrew-be7ts 4:10 he's still saying denovian, inspite of the on screen graphic.
The issue is that Simon not only doesn't do his own research, but he has absolutely no idea what he's talking about on most topics. He's simply reading a script... and either the script writers got it wrong while the graphics guys didn't, or he can't read.
I thought that ammonites lasted longer than trilobites, so thanks for pointing this out.
I’m a simple man; Simon posts a video, I watch it. Bonus that I can use this video in my classes.
You are right Peter!
@@johnd5740pathetic!
He is literally saying "Denovian" and not "Devonian."
He a brilliant dude, he just doesn't know what he's talking about.
Good on him for making a Scrooge McDuck sized fortune on RUclips, but Alex trebec he is not.
He rarely has any idea wtf his interns researched and wrote for him.
Aye, we simple men... 😉
*Why he didn't mention MY favorite extinction event?* (Why don't YOU make your own video?)
*He pronounced tomato wrong! It's supposed to be tomato!!* (Potato==Potato)
Simple men, good! 👍😁
@@aryanahr7887 I mean, it's a literal dislexia event, and not at all related to pronunciation.
I'm a fucking dishwasher and I know he's wrong, you'd think a dude who's literal job is doing this, and he's college educated would have _SOME_ idea about the second most famous extinction in all of Earth's history.
Tomäto tomato this is not.
Interestingly, there was a sustained event in India similar to the one forming the Siberian traps that coincided with the the Chicxulub impact. This Indian volcanic area was located at the antipodes from the meteor strike, leading some scientists to suggest that both the basaltic flow and the impact caused the extinction event.
I saw that too. I believe you may be referring to the Decon Traps.
Back in 2019 there was a meeting of palaeontologists and they have settled on the impact event as the main cause of the extinction. I believe because it was closer in time to the actual end of the dinosaurs in the fossil record while the sustained eruption of the Decon Traps was ongoing.
It’s amazing how much of the past experts can piece together
that was the meteor's exit wound xD
I thought that had already started before the impact, meaning the impact couldn't have caused it
@@samanthagibson5791the impact didn’t cause the eruptions.
The eruptions caused an already stressed world that was making life hard for a lot of species already. The impact happened and then wiped out a lot of things while the ongoing eruptions made it hard for a lot of things to make it thru putting the cherry on top of a very deadly milkshake.
I think you forgot to mention the Very first Extinction Event.
Which is by far the most Eerie of them all.
When Plankton began producing oxygen for the first time without bein immune to it´s toxicity and killing itself over and over all over the planet.
If that Plankton hadn´t survived in at least small numbers, we wouldn´t be here today.
This is how Banded Iron Formations formed.
One could argue that Humanity is maybe on a course to doing the same to the ecosystem.
Tho it´s a bit questionable if it would be as inconsequential, seeing how complex it is now as opposed to billions of years ago.
That plankton had after all been among the very first lifeforms to not dwell on the occean floor.
Kind of wild to think (if you zoom out big time) that if man trashes the planet and another mass extinction happens, we won’t have been the first species to do it.
I heard that if bees were to instinct we all be fucked..
@@anthonymurray2888 Extinct, not "instinct". But yes. Bees are the primary pollinators of most of our food crops. If they went extinct, most humans would starve to death.
lol I always love Simons unenthusiastic approach to his sponsors. 😂 3:15 It’s like “look everyone, look at her GO!!”
When the rate of extinction is quoted as 80% it can be presumed that the 20% who didn't die out must have sufered themselves an 80% individual extinction
Well not really. There are all those dead animals to eat for a start.
@carlsagan3806 It seems probable that even the species who made it across the bottleneck must have been severely affected too , some might have lost less but some might just have pulled through with massive losses
It's no longer called the K-T event because the Tertiary period was replaced with the Paleocene period. So now it is referred to as the K-P extinction event.
KP Nuts ;-)
@@SmashBrosInitiative you're right, it is the Paleogene. Swapped the period with the epoch that started it. Although technically.....
The editor caught it 10:52
Well, that's just nuts!
0:49 ordovician silurian
4:05 late Devonian
6:17 the great dying
8:45 Triassic Jurassic
10:32 k-t
Well that's terrifying that one of the extinctions was from pumping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which is exactly what we're doing
A massive volcanic eruption causes the Carbon Dioxide to sink from the atmosphere into the oceans, which can cause a 1-3 degree Celsius drop in temperature
Given how common and accepted it is now it's crazy to me that the idea of an asteroid killing the Dinosaurs only first came up in 1980.
There was a traps eruption in the Deccan province of India at the time of the KT extinction, severely stressing the planets ecologies, at the time of the meteor impact. A 'one-two punch'. Maybe neither was enough to take out the dinosaurs by themselves...but together - bye-bye!
Great channel Simon, thank you for all your awesome work across all your channels…👌
It's almost like all of these lifeforms had to go extinct, for life as we know it, to exist today.
It's the extinction of trilobytes that really gets me. It would be like rats and mice going extinct today.
Even more than that.
It would be like flies becoming extinct.
Cockroaches
@@philhogan5623 if only
oof why you gotta do trilobytes dirty like that... yeah they were everywhere but like they are way cooler then rats and mice are.
I’m fascinated to find out that the descendant of the crocodile was from the 3rd mass extinction. Just knowing that the origin of the croc has survived 3 extinctions and barely has needed to change/evolve over time.
Sharks survived 4 out of the 5 big mass extinctions, changed even less than crocks.
Tardigrades - survived all 5.
That's why they're sacred animals! 😀
@@toniivanova9360That is why sharks get their own week.
Probably.
Turtles are up there too. Which is why they're the best.
..imo, of course.
Thank you. I’ve always wanted a definitive list of the top 5 extinction events ranked from worst to best, and you delivered
The devonian mass extinction could have been caused by a meteor strike in Australia that made a super volcano go off nearby.
A RUclips by the name of ozgeographics goes in to detail about pretty interesting
It could have been my album dropping. 📀
Oz Geographics is quality content.
When humans go the way of the dinosaurs, cats or raccoons will be the next top-link species.
Cats have already captured half of the internet…
Yes, cats! Although I have both species at my house, and raccoons are definitely the most intelligent. They have hands, and they know what pointing means. None of my cats has ever figured that out. Once raccons develop opposable thumbs, lookout!
half? oh you naïve fool you. I, for one, welcome our new cat overlords. I fully believe that Zuckerberg is actually 12 cats operating a robot carapace.
Some species of chimps or apes I can't remember are currently going through their own crazy enough.
😺😸😼 We will be the cat's meow.
I feel like Simon would make a excellent Super Villain
Absolutely love extinction studies. How's everyone enjoying the Anthropocene extinction? The only other lifeform besides us, that we know of, to cause its own extinction along with 90% of the rest of life was the cyanobacteria that oxidized the atmosphere. We are equivalent to ancient, simple bacteria.
🤣🤣🤣man these videos always bring out the crazy conspiracy people, hows your tinfoil hat today? 🤣🤣🤣
@@brandonscott9747 And what conspiracy would that be? The bacteria or the human caused extinction?
Earth has been around for 4 billion years....the dinosaurs disappeared 65 million years ago. Imagine how many extinction events there have been. We can pretend to know, but we really have no idea.
Extinction 6:
Crab people dig us up with our cellphones and assume we worshiped them just like we do... 😮
First time I’ve heard Simon mispronounce a term. Devonian.
The first time??
You should check out his French accent on The Casual Criminalist. There he mispronounces an entire culture 😂
This video shows, as history can prove, that life on Earth will survive. Regardless of what happens to the planet. It's almost as if extinction is par for the course.
It IS. we live on a round planet.. that spins on ITS axis..
We also revolve AROUND the sun..with the other planets..
So what I'm saying is, "what goes around, comes around " is pretty much something you can depend on.
A circle or cycle is inevitable in this reality. It might have something to do with the fact( thus far) that nothing van be totally destroyed in this reality. Eventually anything large breaks down to indivisible particles...to..become something else large again.
Cycles and circles...life is infinite until this universe dies...and even then..its energy will spawn something ELSE.
@tyrfree5733 very interesting way to look at it.
When oxygen first appeared in the oceans it was fatal to most life on earth around 2.2b years ago
These extinction events are one of the suggested solutions for the Fermi Paradox. Life forming may be fairly common but how often does it survive to our point? Much less far beyond us to the point where they’d be observable outside their immediate solar cluster?
Earth is actually amazingly lucky; not only having the right atmosphere, elements and solar distance for life, but also having a massive big brother in Jupiter snatching most meteors out of the sky before they reach us. If a TENTH of the meteors that Jupiter has drawn in struck Earth it would be a barren rock.
Well... Its like the bot said: "There were more than a DOZEN.. Extinction-level events before even the DINOSAURS got theirs..."
It amazes me that so much of this is accepted as fact, even 99% of it is speculation. We are constantly learning that things we thought we knew are wrong
It will happen to us. In our hubris as "the crown of creation" we have come to believe we can "save the planet." We are flies on an oak tree, seeing it as an everlasting event in their tiny lives. Nature rules. Period. If we last half as long as the dinosaurs...
as impressive as those extinction events are whats more impressive is that sharks have survived around 4 of those most recent ones. and the one that we as humans are actively and knowingly participating in might see the end of them. just let that sit with you for a second.... this CAN NOT HAPPEN.
Hmm but what about the great oxidation event?
It was the first mass extinction event, 2.460-2.426 billion years ago.
Sorry bub its top 5 only.
Did you miss the part about there being many but he picked 5?
@@wingerding a decrease in the biomass at 80%, kinda makes it one of the big ones.
Just because it isnt used that much in the popculture extinction ranking, it still happened.
The Great Oxidation Event has never been included in any list of mass extinctions because mass extinctions are quantified by how much biodiversity is impacted: ie how many species, genera, etc are wiped out.
But the Great Oxidation Event occurred back when all life on Earth was still microbial, and indeed mostly prokaryotic, and we do not really know yet how to classify species of prokaryotes in the fossil record, because the criteria that distinguish species in prokaryotes are mostly biochemical, and these do not easily fossilize.
This issue is not exclusive to the Great Oxidation Event. There are essentially NO mass extinctions defined before multicellular lifeforms with easily classifiable fossilizable morphology appeared, even though it is absolutely certain that multiple events like the Snowball Earth episodes and the Great Oxidation Events MUST have killed off a lot of the extant microbial life on Earth at that time.
We just do not yet have the ability to properly quantify and compare events that impacted microbes with events that affected multicellular lifeforms.
The reason the Great Oxidation Event had never been ranked among the Great Mass Extinctions is because we do not yet know how to rank it. It happened when all life on Earth was microbial, and mostly prokaryotic, and we do not yet know how to define species among prokaryotes in the fossil record. So we have no idea what percentage of species went extinct during the event, and as a result we cannot compare it with the other mass extinctions that happened to multicellular lifeforms.
In the long view, what we do means very little. Dust in the wind, like the song says. So to hell with what my doc says, I'm having bacon for breakfast every day!
Pretty sure I once got a a fish sandwich made out of a Dunkleosteus from Jack in The Box. So that goddamn fish might not be extinct.
"I Wish I Wish I Hadn't Of Killed That Fish" - Homer Simpson
Humanity might be the extinction level event to finish it all off
The earth won’t miss us.
@6:15 - A much more compelling theory about the accumulation of biomass that became petroleum (at least to me) was the evolution of trees and other woody plants. A necessary precursor to the evolution of trees was that plants start making lignin, a biopolymer that provides structural rigidity to plant stems. Because this biopolymer was novel, and composed of some fairly noxious monomers, it took a few million years for bacteria and fungi to figure out how to digest it, and during this time, nearly every tree that died was eventually buried more or less intact.
It's why coal cannot form today.
I thought this was accepted science.
Oil has nothing to do with trees or dinosaurs. " Because this biopolymer was novel, and composed of some fairly noxious monomers, it took a few million years for bacteria and fungi to figure out how to digest it, and during this time, nearly every tree that died was eventually buried more or less intact." Correct and it turned to coal.
Oil and gas were the result of those early, mainly oceanic extinction events. Coal is the result of vegetation growing, dying, being grown over, dying, keeping repeating until it’s buried under it’s own weight.
Oil isn’t actually based on plants or animals, it’s based on marine organisms like plankton, algae and other marine microorganisms.
0:55 - Chapter 1 - Ordovician silurian
2:55 - Mid roll ads
4:10 - Chapter 2 - Late devonian
6:20 - Chapter 3 - The great dying
8:50 - Chapter 4 - Triassic jurassic
10:35 - Chapter 5 - KT
Love everything you do man
It wasn't the DeNovian period, it was the DeVonian period.
the denuvo period kills games
thank you Simon for this amazing video. and for the references too, they were really helpful in imagining the scale of these events
Strangely enough, that add was actually useful for me. Thanks for the odd partnership Simon!
Simon & Co., could you do one on precious metals? Definitely a sideprojects video idea, that one. I don't know that it would be of any interest to anyone but I would like to see it.
I love your archeological and paleontological videos!
thank you for these presentations!
last time I was this early there was a mass extinction
oh wait
Netflix has a great documentary series titled Life on Our Planet, narrated by Morgan Freeman, that is fascinating. It doesn’t go into all theories of each of the Five Great Events, but it does paint a unique picture I haven’t seen before, and I watch a LOT of documentaries. (Spielberg is exec producer.)
Another great doc series is by PBS and was released this year (2023). The series is more geologic and climate/weather centric, but highlights how life dealt or didn’t deal with each Event, kind of the flip of Netflix’s doc series above. It was here on YT via their channel, but it seems all episodes were taken down. (sad face)
Each series is produced well and thought-provoking. Together they paint a rather solid picture of our planet’s history.
Interestingly enough, the largest impact zone, on earth, is in central Australia, dated between 600 and 300 million years old. The twin asteroids, were over 10km wide, and the zone is about 400km wide, and is at 3km deep.
For a uniquely fascinating in depth version of this, check out Gutsick Gibbon's "The Deadliest Pattern In Nature".
Except for the KT event, those extinction events occured over the span of millions of years. So if you were a creature alive during nearly any point in Earth's history you'd have no idea an extinction event was occuring.
A couple of examples often quoted of the 6th mass extinction are the demise of the passeger pigeon and the near demise of the NA buffalo (bison). However, the huge extent of these animals when the Europeans first reached the Americas could well have been the result of a previous set of extinctions. In a climax ecology, no organism exists in overwhelming numbers. If a species rises in overwhelming numbers, some other species finds that this species is a great resource and begins to whittle it down. Back some 12,000 years ago, the Americas had a rich and varied ecology greater than that of Africa. Man arrived and wiped out huge numbers of species. We unbalanced the ecology allowing a temporary rise in the numbers of some species. In the fullness of time, without the interference of man, something would have increased in numbers by using these exploding populations and eventually, an ecological equilibrium would have been established.
According to scientists, the sun is burning at a rate of 1% per century, or about 3 inches a year. At the same rate of growth, how big would it be 5 billion years ago?
Simon, fantastic as usual. Others too have mentioned the Great Qxygenation Event that occurred some 2.4 Billion years ago, with its estimated 90% extinction rate. Also, in the future, maybe you can talk about minor extinction events, of which there are many.
there was one that i slightly recall in which there was only something like 1 or 2 thousand humans left on the entire planet
Thank you Simon.
Just remember folks, if we ever got one of these things incoming; ground zero is the place to be, because the world after is even worse
Bit at the end made me tear up
Having watched Oliver Lugg's video on mass extinction debates, I can now see how the asteroid vs volcano argument spread to way more than the k-t mass extinction event. There's a reason why those 2 theories seem to pop up for everything 😂
vulcano eruptions where probably a part of it. there is a lot more but its all a byproduct of the asteroid impact. it likely created a giant chain reaction. pretty much a vew weeks to months old apocalyptic event
Both 💯😊.. incorrect..
i think the biggest problem is always assuming this OR that when this AND that would be more correct
That first extinction clearly wasn't a major burst of gamma radiation. There are no Incredible Hulk Trilobites in the fossil record. XP
Interesting list, but you missed one. My brother broke wind once, it was so bad that it felt like that scene in Raiders of the Lost Ark after the ark is opened. We fled the house to a movie. Two hours later, the smell was still in the house. That's a near extinction level event my friend.
Well done, sir! 😊
That was an awesome comment at the end of this Video Simon. We have always known that our greed is destroying this planet. Its a sickness. A disease that will kill most of us.
Who wrote this video? Excellent way to end it, very well put.
Overy few million years the earth 🌎 goes through a refresh, so we mankind is just delaying the inevitable..
The Siberian Traps Eruptions --in many areas erupted thru a bed of coal stting it on fire .This would have belched CO2 and Carbon Monoxide at gigantic levels
Not De NO vian, but De Vo nian
Sad to see, no snow ball Earth.
Well done
love the denovian XD
Actually the background extinction rate is 15000x natural.
He really ended the video with "The latest extinction event, is You"
Just learned that manicouagan was a crater and i live 2hours away from it! I have to go take a look now😅
Can we get a top 5 green projects that worked and after in same video a top 5 of green projects that failed.
You missed the first one, the great oxygenation event. It killed almost all the Archean life which had been dominate for millions of years.
Wonder what the next type of life to rise up will be, once humans go extrinct?
Crabs or the octopus
It might be stupid but I think we’re creating the next “life” currently which would be ai or robots cause if you think about it they could survive most things and easily colonize other planets once advanced
plus the lack of emotions and anger would make it less likely for them to destroy themselves and instead work together as a species unlike us
Why did the sponsor ad make me think of Simon rubbing his bald head with that sponge thing...
Don't worry about the 6th, I'm sure the cockroaches will dig us up one day and make YT video about our extinction.
The Great Dying is so fascinating
The trick is to live your life way after the last one & way B4 the next one😃
Seems like life is trying to evolve to survive mass extinctions.
I simply Adore how you Brit's say "MEEEEE-THANE". I know of Mr Meeee-thane from the Howard Stern show in the old days of Terrestrial Radio. Oh yeah, and . . . "Drawerings" - it's Talk Like A Pirate Day!
What about "Snowball Earth"? I guess that was wayyyyyy tooo long ago & life hadn't really evolved past tiny oceanic organisms yet . . .
Well, Brits speak English correctly....
@@CeleWolf No; Only residents of CT USA do (where I live lol)
Can you do speeds in mph? We're not all scientists or astronaut's and I have no idea how fast 12mps is.
Just multiply MPS by 3600 and you get the MPH. It's not rocket science, it's simple multiplication
Nice ending!
Funny how "Side Projects" is no longer about "projects" but is basically "Top Tenz" but a few items short.
I think the only real distinction now is for accounting based on who pays to write the script and edit the video. Fortunately I don’t think anybody cares 👍
12:54 , I,ll see that different, must be the Lystrosaurus
Content 100%. Accent and cadence… incomparable at 2X speed. Ain’t nobody got time fur dat!
love the last segment well done for sticking your head above the parapet
If only we could see that life in pictures and film.
you just did!
but too be fair it was only the fossilized remains of that life. and was probably not what you meant....
If they could be properly modeled realistic animations might be possible. Not the same, I know.
Scary stuff
I love this video Simon but how TF is this a side project 😂😂😂😂
The current mass extinction is humanity’s side project
As someone famously said: “Life finds a way.”.
"The Great Dying" was caused by volcanic carbon dioxide?!?! That is interesting
Ya missed the mark on how far a GRB needs to be to be potentially lethal. Depending on the size of the star and it's explosion, 150-300 LY to completely kill all life. So no more than about 500 LY for the kill off for the first one you listed. Anything in the 1K + LY range is utterly non-lethal.
Mammals powers active!
6th extingtion, that raises 2 question? who has been keeping count and since when? 😮
We sometimes forget how things may have happened in the past, how they MAY happen again & the fact that planet earth is many billions of years old & we are in just the human year of 2024 🤔🤔😑😑👍👍!!
I've seen that blazer almost everyday for a few years now. I still think it suits you. Why change a good thing?
Si, you forgot the extinction by the Wolf-Biederman comet in the movie Deep Impact 😂
The siberian eruption is called a Flood basalt eruption
The only way to put a stop to it would be our extinction.. Our entire existence is based on consumption.
We would be replaced by a new species that would continue the cycle.
@@frankgesuele6298 🤔 they might find our fossils, make the connections and learn from our mistakes
@@mikepierson7447 That's cute 😉
Yet the common roach has survived 300 million years. LOL