The Explosion 50 Times the Combined Power of Every Star in the Observable Universe
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- Опубликовано: 16 авг 2023
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#ligo #astrum #blackhole
laser interferometer space antenna, universe, the universe, gravitational waves
Imagine how far we have come? Being able to build a machine that detects 10000th of a proton width difference and then being able to decode that it is caused by two black holes merging. Also decoding their solar masses and the timeline of the event. Just saying all of this in a single paragraph blows every cell in my tiny human body in disbelief, awe and happiness.
Yet 2020 proves how stupid we really are......what a diacotomy..... conjecture at best. Brutal reality in the slightest.......
Yup, contrasted by people denying chromosomes. Pretty interesting contrast
imagine if we could measure stuff that happens at the Planck length level, which makes the 10 000th size of a proton scale seem big
@@tomusmc1993
You’re really on to something with this thought.
Politics and sociology aside, theres a major problem with things that are not readily scrutinizable, like things that are:
1. More enormous than we could each visually witness
2. More tiny than we could each visually witness
3. More chronological than we could each visually witness
4. More divine than could each visually witness (this one is usually religious, though modern power structures are finally perfecting an overlap)
The problem inherent in all these is the same; it relies on faith (which alone is fine), but with no standard of oversight that can be accomplished, so we as an audience are always relying purely on the most confident party. No matter WHAT evidence they ‘have’, and feel free to re-read the list, the presentation reaches you exactly when it can be elaborated confidently, but with no mechanism of that enhancing any part of its literal truth for all you know.
I’d love to say it’s a modern issue alone, but it’s always been true in human history that *information* begets that confidence whenever conviction begets profit, or even potential profit, or even the desire idea of the chance of the potential for profit. Profit is sometimes power, security, money, basically the point is the draw is so large, and the reach of the demographic of capable competitors it always draws is so vast, there is absolutely no scurtinizable distinction between the information they’d present for it, and the truth, other than what you can witness.
Some reading this might recognize why that is always, inevitably, without failure historically, the primary reason that every empire cascades into a collapse of corruption and degeneracy.
Whether space is so grand by factors of a Prillion, or pandemics are so mutatable/spreadable by factors of a Jillion, or because a new type of wave is proven by how many Frillion light-years away it was detected, or so many dinosaurs died so many Nillion years ago, or so much weather is changing by so many Willion degrees, at the end of the day, when it’s taught, by how confidently it’s taught, and by how expansive the resources afforded for it to be taught, never outweigh the profit potential. This isn’t unique to any type of economical governance style, or century, or technology available. Though it obviously does get more effective and efficient over time, proven in how suddenly we can will an entire planet into wearing masks afraid for their lives. Or, like you said, misunderstand chromosomes for the sake of morality.
It’s all money guys and gals :( there’s no dark matter, there’s just money. CERN doesn’t HAVE to do anything to avoid us all suffering, the world doesn’t HAVE to lock you down, internal combustion doesn’t HAVE to be the new boogeyman. It’s…just…money. Luckily history also proves we can easily stop it whenever we want. If we don’t than we just starve and someone else does better usually.
Fingers crossed we do the former. It’s better to do the former. Do the former. Yesterday.
It's always been 'money'. @@dutchservices9837
The most amazing one I've seen thus far, is how they use pulsars as a galaxy-side interferometer. Absolutely mind blowing.
this was not ligo but diffrent projects: NANOGrav,EPTA,PPTA,InPTA,
We are so blessed pulsars excist. Without them so much work would be much more difficult
@@koala71783This video wasn't solely about LIGO, considering he also mentioned the upcoming projects.
@@trevorbeuning5770Absolutely. They are the metronomes of the universe.
Can we make a distinction between:
(1) Laser-interferometer gravitational-wave astronomy; and
(2) Other methods of gravitational-wave astronomy, using radiation which is out there, bouncing around and detectable.
You know what the gravitational wave said as it passed through Earth?
"Ouch, I stepped on a LIGO."
Good one lol 😂
lol. I'm not trying to imagine a gravitational wave as a guy with a dad bod trying to sneak to the fridge in the middle of the night.
Dad-Joke level unlocked...on the astronomical scale🤣
Best part?
Gravity always point downwards.
TY
I'm glad I read the comments. This is fairly funny. Thank you
I find this video very boring.
Anytime I see LIGO doing something baller I have to laugh at the time I went to a Freeman Dyson talk in Boston back around 2006 where he told a grad student working on the project that the thing was a waste of time and wouldn’t do anything meaningful.
Even someone like him can forget new discoveries happen
@@thekaxmaxrepress gravity engine tech?
There's a saying that when an elderly scientist of note says that something is possible, they are usually right. When they say something is impossible, they are usually wrong.
@@danheidel Exactly.
😮
Slight correction: at 6min or so you say the main reason for two LIGO observatories is for triangulation, the main reason from what i remember is to be able to discard local interference, such as a lorry passing by will give a signal in one observatory but not the other, thanks for great videos!
That was what I thought too. The instruments are so sensitive that a human walking beside the pipe will create a signal in it. Also two points for triangulation will produce a circle.
There is a 3rd observatory called VIRGO (which is in europe i believe) and thats where the triangulation comes in!
@@boulderbash19700209 not correct. I was part of the seismic isolation team for A-ligo from 2011-2015. between the isolation platforms and the optic suspensions all of these types of vibrations were eliminated from having any affect on the detectors operation. That's why it works, because we removed all of the movements that come from everywhere and actively and passively suppress them!
@@lunahri4173 There are mathematical formulas that use 2 detectors and the timing of signals to triangulate. The Virgo detector is a separate project and was not part of LIGO, it was a competitor in the search. There are collaborations where data is shared but its not part of how LIGO works or is it needed for detection. A 3rd detector was/is in the works for I ndia. While I was working as part of the Seismic isolation team, We built all of the internals while building both the Hanford, WA, and Livingston, LA detectors during the aLIGO upgrades, they were mothballed waiting for the India site to be built but there was always some political issue delaying the project. I am not sure where that stands now, as I have not been part of the project since early 2015 just before the first detections were made.
Having them in separate parts of the world is how local interference is discarded. They look for when they catch the same things at the same time. It's kinda like triangulating, but not. I think he just misspoke.
0:00: 🌌 The detection of gravitational waves by LIGO has revolutionized our understanding of the universe.
2:57: 🌌 Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves, but thought they would be too small to measure; LIGO, a sensitive interferometer, was developed to detect and measure these waves.
5:58: 🔬 LIGO is a gravitational wave detector that uses interferometers to detect signals from powerful lasers and photodiodes.
9:23: 💫 The LIGO observatory has detected gravitational waves from black hole mergers and neutron star events, showcasing groundbreaking advancements in multi-messenger astronomy.
12:29: 🌌 Scientists are using gravitational waves to better understand the universe and have proposed future projects like LIGO-India, LIGO Voyager upgrade, Cosmic Explorer, and the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA).
15:05: 🌙 The speaker and their daughter enjoyed building glow-in-the-dark moon and other science projects from Kiwico crates.
Recap by Tammy AI
Thank you 😊
I live abut half hour drive from LIGO Livingston. They have an open house and give tours one Saturday each month. They have a great visitor center with all kinds of hands-on science exhibits. It's extremely cool.
Can only imagine how much background static this pics up.
Right? It's got to be like listening for ants at a Black Flag show.
@@V.Perez1985that's one of the best analogies I've heard yet.
They had to get the background noise way down to detect gravity waves. It doesn't pick up any radio static.
Yep, beats me how they could isolate the whole thing from the most minute of ground movement caused by just about every and anything other than gravitational waves.
We toured LIGO Livingston, Louisiana and in the control room they had huge monitors showing all kinds of signals that they were picking up and then cancelling out. From cars passing on the interstate 10 miles away to waves crashing on the shore of Maine from a nor’easter, it picks up anything that could send vibrations through the Earth’s crust. So, it’s not only the machine’s sensitivity that’s so impressive, it’s the ability to process all that non-stop data and filter out potential signals that was so mind blowing. I’d never considered all the “noise” it had to ignore.
Wow, just wow. When LIGO made its first detection, it was all over the media, but it all went quiet after that. Great to get an update without trawling through the literature. Great stuff.
No mention of VIRGO, its European counterpart in Italy? Virgo detected its first binary black hole merger in 2017, together with LIGO. Three days later, it also detected the same neutron star merger as LIGO. Unfortunately Virgo suffered from delays in its planned upgrade and is on hiatus since 2020.
I saw it on that world map that was shown, at least. But yeah, no mention.
Had the same thoughts 🤔
I've seen many vids on the results from LIGO but this is the first one to explain physically, how they did it. Thanks!
What does “explain physically “ mean?
@@Failzoid It means, I'm not perfect in English, It means, most people understand what I'm getting at. It also means being a grammar troll is not a good look.
@@Az-om8rw Why does asking for an explanation of a non-standard term mean someone is a grammar troll?
It must be exhausting to go through life in such a permanent state of offence. Poor old you.
@@Failzoid You knew what I meant.
@@Az-om8rw I still have no idea what you meant. I asked what "explain physically" meant and you threw a tantrum.
What a w@nker.
I agree with what you said at 10:00. That INSANE level of precision has to be one of humanity's greatest achievements
I read several of kip thornes books when i was young, he talked about the interferometers capabilities but he also had major doubts gravitationalwaves existed at all, its awesome to see somebody reach so far and succeed
One of Dr Thorne's collaborations, Gravitation, is widely lampooned as a significant source of its own subject due to its incredible mass! But an absolute steal at about $60 when I bought it several years ago!
Getting LISA components to sync up and maintain line-of-sight using attitude jets and gyros would blow my mind as much as whatever it discovers.
Each LISA satellite would consist of a shell around a floating, independent mass. The shell and mass would not be in contact.
When operating, the distance between masses would be measured by these shells.
Keep in mind that the actual distance between masses is irrelevant to detecting a gravitational wave. It is the CHANGE in distance (to thousandths of a proton diameter) that matters.
5:30 in phase -> constructive interference
7:08 in phase -> destructive interference
And to think that Albert deduced these would exist, around a century ago. I gather this was the last of eight (or thereabouts) predictions made by AE, to be verified as they all were. Such an outstanding human
I really enjoy your channel, Alex, and I sincerely appreciate the massive amount of work you go to in order to make these videos understandable and so very fascinating. Thank you! 😊🌹
Yes, it's very good but the idea that "clutter can be removed from my bedroom floor & put inside my closet is, unfortunately, not reality.
@@alwaysdisputin9930You can’t store things in your closet? Seems like it’s not even worth having it in that case.
So gravity waves can cancel each other out? How soon do I get my hoverboard?
Impressive that LIGO tech can distinguish neutron stars from black holes and measure the masses of the 2 black holes that collided.
Best century yet!
I don't know man, the thirteenth century was pretty wild. Of course I was so messed up I barely remember any of it...
This is one of the coolest physics experiments out there. Beautifully narrated. Thank you!
no, it's one of the dumbest white elephants that money was ever wasted on.
Claiming what LIGO detects is caused by black holes merging is like claiming you can pinpoint the cause of a ripple on top of an ocean wave.
Crazy to think 100 years ago we were just grappling the nuances of science and starting to drive cars now we are changing the way science is veiwed completely and detecting events 1000's of light years away in minutely fine detail. Extraordinary 😮
I love this channel. Thank you for explaining the size of the waves like you did! Very informative.
What really blows my mind is the fact that there are gravitational waves at all! The more scientists discover about the nature of reality the more I find myself just gobsmacked!
What really blows my mind is the fact that lasers don't automatically destructively interfere its own light.
@defeatspace-
Lasers are set up so that the light they produce *constructively* interferes with itself- that's the *"amplification"* part of the acronym...
🍄
I’m finding your videos so interesting - this one was just wild! It made me try to contemplate the vast size of the universe and the minute size of 10000th of a proton at the same time.
I am pleased how this project is evolving. Interesting times ahead.
This video is the best explanation of LIGO I have watched.
I'm glad! Thank you!
I had goosebumps multiple times while watching this video! LISA might be the new JWST for the upcoming 10-20 years ❤
I've attended lectures on gravitational waves and similar subjects from top professors in the country and I understood nothing at all. This video made this subject so simple a child could understand it.
So, maybe in future you should just stick to pop-sci videos on social media sites as a way of getting your "science information" 'cause they seem to be more your 'level', whereas science lectures given by professors to *actual scientists and academics* seems to be way above it.
🍄
@@the_unrepentant_anarchist. It not about pop science or information based off of academics paper. What I'm talking about is method of delivery. Viewer retention and keeping the listener hooked. No matter how good of a professor you are Power point presentation will never beat fully animated 3D perspective a video can provide.
Watch Veritasium video on Black hole, white holes parallel universes and Einstein's Math. There is no universe where I would had understood this subject sitting in a 2 hour long lectures.
The work of beautiful minds. So motivating. Thank you.
What a charming narrator's voice! Is he really not an actor?! It magically makes all the difficult science stuff much easier to digest for an average person like me😂
That was really great... Thanks, Astrum!
I truly appreciate your videos and I am in awe at how you are able to make complex subjects understandable for those of us with a less exhaustive education. Thank you.
I was suprised the video didn't mention the Virgo interferometer in Italy. Expecially because in order to have a triangulation you need 3 points. It's true that it was off during the first discovery but it played an important role in the next measurements and in the technology development. Apart from that great video as usual.
My mind is blown. The discoveries that await! Wow science and humans. Together you have done some wonderful things!
Brilliant reporting!
Thank you for helping us understand astronomy.
so fascinating, thank you for creating this!
Now this is beyond amazing. In my opinion there are few things more exciting in physics right now than gravity waves. I remember first learning about them which if i recall correctly might have been from you Alex. I was like oh my gosh, this is epic!!! anyway Alex, you are awesome and keep up the absolutely amazing work!!
Why are they so exciting, what can we glean besides that they occurred?
@@suspicionofdeceitwe can now sense gravity like wouldn't you be excited if you suddenly got a new sense? Also we can learn a lot about space from it because there's a lot of things we don't know
check out gravitational background or neutrino background radiation or dark matter stars. This is interesting asf
These are not "gravity waves", LIGO measures GRAVITATIONAL WAVES, which are two totally different physical phenomena. Gravity waves occur in liquids and gasses and are caused by the gravity of the planet. Gravitational Waves are waves in spacetime itself. We have photos of gravity waves.
@@suspicionofdeceit Hopefully gain less ignorance 👍
This video is one of the reasons why I love your channel!
Black holes and other massive objects are so insane, they make changes to the fabric of reality. Goosebumps.
I’ve watched your videos for a while now! But never commented anything. I don’t know if this reaches you! But I find your videos so interesting and easy to understand! You explain everything so well! I’ve explained what I learned in your videos to others and got compliment on how I can explain it to them! So I wanted to say thank you! I hope you keep making these videos for a long time!
I loved his pronunciation of an "inteffer-ommitta"!
Absolutely incredible. The tech is one thing, but I would love to know more about the people behind it. Hats off to them all.
Thank you for explaining this in a way I could understand. You are doing wonderful work
Your analogy of the distance to proxima Centauri and the difference of a human hair was masterful. It is right at the edge of my ability to comprehend it which makes it all the more profound. 😎Prodigious
When I was born, there were telephones with a rotary dial, very few homes had air conditioning and wringer washing machines were a womans dream. Computers were an electro-mechanical miracle which took up the size of an entire floor in a commercial building. Then some guy at the top of the political heap said we are going to the moon. Thousands of engineers pulled out their slide rulers and pencils and made a taxi so 7 special guys could see earth from space. Today, what we have due to innovation and freedom is something my grandchildren cannot comprehend. YOU MEAN YOU COULDNT WATCH A MOVIE ON YOUR CELL PHONE WHEN YOU GREW UP,? A QUESTION FROM MY GRANDDAUGHTER. NO, we didnt have 5hose in 1957. Amazing and incredible is what we have today! I 3njoy3d your presentation on gravity BTW!
Thank you so much for the video, it's amazing.
This was so, so fine. It helped me to understand more on a complex (and extremely exciting!) topic. I am grateful to you. Impressive work for sure. - (Your daughter is a very fortunate young lady to have your DNA and knowledge as a father!)
This channel is awesome. Amazing discoveries.
Crazy stuff explained very well
Another great video for hungry minds. Keep up the good work!
10:28 WoW, the precision is… crazy.
Absolutely amazing! I love your channel Alex.
One of the coolest physics experiments out there. Amazing summary.
Big things doing BIG science, I love this! I really wonder what Einstein would think of what we've seen so far. Some of the concepts being used are mind-bending (especially for me, a creative who Does Not Maths) but the possibilities are just so incredible, even a not very scientific mind can't help but get excited!
Love this content!! Thank you Alex
I'd love to see a video on how you feel about immense objects in space, like Cosmic filaments and how those immense objects interact & behave in space? When talking about vast scales of that nature, it's possible we might not fully grasp the behavior of things on this scale..?
Nuts is right! My jaw dropped, and then… LIGO detected my jaw-drop. Wow! 😮
LIGO is the Michelson-Morley experiment done right. We haven't discovered the flow of the Luminiferous Aethyr, but we can now listen to ripples in space-time instead.
Awesome numbers !...cheers.
That first black hole merger ended up being 3 solar masses less than the total of the two masses. That merger converted several solar masses directly into energy in an instant. Unimaginable power.
just amazingggggggg. thank you so much for creating such content
Amazing video, these have gotten so good
Imagine a spacecraft vehicles surfing those waves when traveling through space at the speed of light
Maby 4th dimentinal beings do
Alcubierre Drive does way better than this by making its own spacetime wave. Now if we can just make one....
I doubt this would work. I might be wrong but i don't think spacetime is something you ride on top off like a surfer on a wave. I think spacetime is more like a spring. It can bend, stretch, and compress but atoms on that spring stay more or less at the same place relative to the spring no mater its shape.
It's amazing how sound and light behave in such a similar way.... WOW!!! JUST. WOW!! this is truly the epitome of mind-blowing!!! Love your channel!! Thank you so much!!
HERE IN THE FIRST FEW MINUTES WEEHOO!! THIS VIDS GONNA BE AWESOME!
I love these presentations. As a layperson, it made me wonder, if for the first event detected by LIGO the disturbance detected on Earth was one thousandth of the diameter of a proton, how large was that disturbance at the source when the merger occurred, if the distance travelled is the equivalent to 1.5 billion light years? Will the amplitude of the disturbance decrease with the square of the reciprocal of the distance?
yes. That's why a pair of pulsars collide we see a wave a fraction of a proton in size.
It means, that you wouldn't survive being anywhere near these things. You would be crushed and stretched into pieces just by the gravity waves. Similar to spaghettification inside black holes.
Excellent presentation.
The important point about Einstein's prediction of non-measurability it that in his time, the existence of the very, very strong signals (of astrophysical origin) we now measure was not known.
Splendid Science spirit ! A new Big step ! Fascinating combination between Quantic and General Relativity.
Very interesting. Thanks, Alex, for putting this informative video for all of us 🎉
Awesome 😎
So if the gravity travels at the speed of light (for us to register both gravity waves and neutron stars colliding), how does that delay work at galaxy scale?
Gravity isn't like electromagnetic. Or is it? So how does it travel again? Particle couldn't travel that fast. Feels like the universe is a force (tension, medium, eather, whatever) on it's own and we still have no clue how to read it. Probably the thing holding us back from joining quantum and regular physics.
the ending was beautiful. it made me cry. you're so lucky
Great job Astrum !
Minor mistake at 7:00 - the beams would be exactly "out of phase" - so at shifted by half a wavelength thus recombining to zero signal. It's a neat trick to do it like this since even though the laser is really powerfull you get exactly "no light", thus already the tiniest phase shift leads to a strong resulting signal.
If LIGO can do that, imagine what LIGMA is going to provide !
Ligma balls
Is this a "LIGMA binary celestial objects!" joke? 😅
Tears watching this. Not just for how amazed I am at our progress is in this area, but for how saddened I am by the news of our lack of social progress and war pouring out in an adjoining window on my screen.... Humans are at once, both amazing and deplorable. We need a theory to unify those properties if we are ever going to reach our full potential
That was awesome! If I can be crude. :) Just think of what LISA can achieve, if JWST has just blown the doors off, EXCEEDING my excitement at the very first data since IRAS. That array could even reveal extragalactic life? Especially type I and higher civilizations!
So good, keep it up!
Blue collar oilfield guy: N. Stephenson's novel Quicksilver mentions Isaac Newton's fixation on finding what the aether is. Everyone said it does not exist, but now Ligo proves that something is there. But we still cannot explain what it is. Right? Astrum...as always you are my window to the universe. Thank you...
it's not aether, that's been proven. What LIGO sees is /not/ aether. We know what it is, he said it--gravitational ripples in spacetime.
@dreamlife808 If you are asking if I have family there, yes. My Mom was Jensen from Bobell. Last time was there is at age 16 and I am 71 now.
@@thekaxmax I was thinking aether is the medium that the waves move thru.
@@michaeldickson2634Aether as first described was that, a substance. What we have and observe is spacetime itself rippling. No aether required.
And you can't just all that aether, because aether was something specific that this isn't.
I live about 10 minutes up the road from the LIGO in Livingston, LA.. I'm dying to take a tour of the place one of these days.. Its a big deal for me since this facility is one of the biggest reasons my interest in subjects like astronomy and physics, has skyrocketed..
Pond analogy with ripples, I use that for Mercury retrograde: Mercury is line dropping a grain of sand next to the sun's mountain; Mercury isn't affecting you
Wow, one of your best videos yet! I can hardly wait for the new generation of improved Ligo data to begin pouring in.
For something this cool, you'd think they could come up w/ catchier names. After all, these are the folks who brought us quarks & particles with spin & charm (OK, not exactly the same folks, but you get my point, show a little creativity hereb/c this is COOL!
Awesome video
Awesome.
LIGO is great - beyond words to describe it.
I was lucky enough to go to NASA colloquium on the multimessenger discovery concerning the neutron merger at a NASA facility. It was amazing to see not just what they did, but also the excitement in the air over what they achieved. I'm married to a scientist, it comes with its occasional perks like colloquiums and seeing the joy that the discovery in science brings to those who work so hard at it.
This is just amazing stuff.
Eagerly awaiting the time when an event occurs right in the Milky Way. Wondering how the mirrors can stand the powerful lasers, and also how the beam splitter was made.
Events happen always bruh. Clap your hands. You made some. You mean an event MASSIVE enough to be detected by our weakling LIGO detectors.
The mirrors are /really/ good surface reflectors that are actively cooled. Look up the wikipedia article on it.
Damn was it so exact?! Seriously…. That’s incredible.
Brilliant video Alex! What is the music in the background? It would be nice to sleep to!
Fascinating stuff as always Alex. I have a question though, I wonder if you'll catch it :)
So I got the idea of the theory behind those gravity waves, but then I had an interesting thought - Let's say you were close enough to not die or be blinded to death by such a merger of black holes, but close enough to "feel" them.. would they be devastating as well? physically? In a smaller dose, would they interfere with earth's gravity?
uau, isso foi fantástico.
I've been posting this story for a while, now. Is it possible they're related?
Time is fascinating. I worked the subway stations for nearly 10 years. From one end of the city to the other. Every so often I would notice the city would be saying that, "Today just flew by" or "The day was just dragging along." How can an entire city, with no interaction with each other until they used the subway, complain about the same time paradox unless it was effected by it? Maybe a time distorted bubble the earth passes through in its revolution around the sun. Maybe random waves of time distortion hitting the earth? Maybe they're given off by the sun. Maybe they're from outside our Terran system and reach us in intervals. ???? "Ti-i-i-ime, is on my side. Yes, it is!"
Astrum is quite a gem, an educational goldmine for children interested in the rapidly expanding field of astronomy and astrophysics. What humanity will achieve in our discovery of the physical universe in a century is almost certainly incomprehensible in our current understanding of the observable universe. What's even more interesting as we explore the limits of space time is dealing with the question: "Are we alone in the universe ?". One way or the other, we're bound to answer that question in the next few decades !!!
So they got LIGO built just in the nick of time. To think out of the billions of years of the universe's life, we come along and build this at exactly the right time.
Thanks science
SO EXCITED FOR LISA!!
LISA is a fascinating project. I'd like to see it work and discover so many things
very cool. good episode.