How do cells come up with their programming language?

To try everything Brilliant has to offer-free-for a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org/...
The first 200 of you will get 20% off Brilliant’s annual premium subscription.
Cited articles
The four hypothesis and their conclusion
Noda-Garcia, L., Liebermeister, W., & Tawfik, D. S. (2018). Metabolite-enzyme coevolution: from single enzymes to metabolic pathways and networks. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 87, 187-216.
Protein evolution experiment
Campbell, E. C., Correy, G. J., Mabbitt, P. D., Buckle, A. M., Tokuriki, N., & Jackson, C. J. (2018). Laboratory evolution of protein conformational dynamics. Current opinion in structural biology, 50, 49-57.
Campbell, E., Kaltenbach, M., Correy, G. J., Carr, P. D., Porebski, B. T., Livingstone, E. K., Tokuriki, N., ... & Jackson, C. J. (2016). The role of protein dynamics in the evolution of new enzyme function. Nature chemical biology, 12(11), 944-950.
PDB files: 4PCP, 4PCN, 1G03, and all of pdb101.rcsb.org...
3D animation library created by ‪@BradyJohnston‬ big thanks!