In response to your call to action at the end: After this insanely chaotic year of low earth orbit activities, I would love to see some interviews with software engineers or programmers that have to take on the responsibility of writing such high stakes code. Mainly pertaining to the automated part of docking, sattelite positioning/reactions, etc. I don't know, this stuff always seems like it's taken for granted.
Irrc correctly, class A code can kill the astronauts. Class b is loss of mission, class c is loss of instrument, or partial mission…idk, class d is no one cares. It’s is a big deal.
It's not about coding - it's about process (or lack of thereof ) in which it is being developed. There are regulations for Software as Medical Devices, ASPICE but no amount of paperwork can make up for lack of time, lack of clean design, poorly selected tools ( who writed in Ada nowadays? ) and lack of independent IN FLIGHT testing on smaller protypes, analogues. Silly-Con Valley Agile culure has made it to the workplace, so actual feedback everything else is off the table. Skill and attitude are another matter. But yeah, it is funny that after first Energya flight and Polyus failure we should contain with literally same problems 30 years later. Another problem is integration, outsourcing everything to suppliers see only fraction of the picture. Also - the general rule is: the less code and code driven subystems, the better.
I agree. Fraser, please interview a midlevel(Spacex?) or upper level engineer- someone who actually builds and tests the bloody things. Less of the interviews with theoretical folk.
Responding to your call to action, I'm fascinated about the politics of space policy: how budgetary debates impact missions, the decadal survey process, where national security interests intersect with space exploration, etc. For instance, every time I listen to podcasts from Casey Dreier, whom I know you've interviewed before, I'm always left wanting more. So seeing more of these topics and discussion on this channel would be welcome as well. Thanks!
This is not limited to space. Look at F-35 and TR-3, look what is happening in automotive industry. Software is no longer designed crafted or manufacturied. It is regurgitated in massive amounts by paper pushers like Scrum Masters.
On a practical level, how does administering old missions like the Voyager 1 work? Presumably there isn't a room full of people doing nothing waiting around all day. How are these missions monitored and staffed?
Search for The Deep Space Network. Yes, there really is a room somewhere with a couple terminals labelled Voyager, Pioneer, Cassini, Galileo, etc. The Space Telescope Science Institute at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore handles Hubble, The Jet Propulsion Laboratory at CalTech in Pasadena CA does Voyager . They are all online in some form or other.
@@jamesmnguyen Well coding for it is not a easy thing. Code has to be tighter than anything modern programers ever think of doing. And of course how the system works not been used in a long time. So they not exactly sitting around.
I've been fascinated with gravitational wave dynamics for as long as I can remember and I have a bunch of unanswered questions I'd love to see a leader of the field like Thorn or Barish chew on: How do gravitational waves interact with frame dragged space time? Are gravitational waves magnified by a gravitational lens? Do gravitational waves contain maximum entropy? Do gravitational waves carry positive energy? Do black holes consume passing gravitational waves?? Please describe in as much detail as possible, how up to 5% mass of two black holes during a merger is converted into gravitational waves? Also, please describe, how a percentage of the angular momentum of two merging black holes is converted into gravitational waves? In this very unlikely scenario, What would a black hole/white hole merger look like?
Also, how large or how close would two merging black holes have to be for humans to be able to notice and feel the effects of gravitational waves in both our environments and our bodies using just our natural senses? How would they affect us?
That's a lot of questions, and the science of wave mechanics could answer most of it. The twisted spacetime can alter the path and speed of gravitational waves, altering their amplitude and frequency as well as exchanging energy with the rotating mass and changing their polarisation. Yes gravitational waves (like light) can be magnified by a gravitational lens, as well as boosting or decreasing the signal, producing multiple images of the gravitational wave and other wave effects (which would all be very difficult to observe!) such as diffraction and interference. The waves may have high entropy, but not necessarily maximum entropy such as a black hole. Gravitational waves always do carry positive energy. Gravitational waves interact with gravitational sources, including scattering, deflection, possible extraction of energy from a black hole, amplification (superradiance) by absorbing rotational energy from a black hole and being absorbed by a black hole and of course being absorbed by any other matter. There are different phases of a merger: the inspiral which loses energy and causes the black holes to spiral closer; the merger phase where the emissions become very large; the ringdown phase where the newly formed black hole settles down. The gravitational waves take their energy from the curvature of spacetime around the black hole, which reduces the mass of the final black hole.
@@user-Aaron- I've read that typically we could feel gravitational waves within a few thousand miles of a black hole merger, enough possibly to break bones. Not exactly sure though if that is due mostly to the extreme tidal forces at that distance!
about what you asked from us, viewers, I would like to see an interview about the artists that create the ilustrations/representations of how discovered worlds, stars, etc, could potentialy look like. Edit: how do they come up with the idea? Where they get inspiration? How much influence they get from sci-fi movies, TV shows, comics, games, etc? Do they do it as a full time job? What software they use? What are their thoughts on AI image and video generators? When did they decided to become artists? What about book writers and movie directors? Videogame directors? I thing artists play a huge role in what makes us all love stuff about the universe and are often forgotten.
Gravity, and nothing else... I can't be of much help remembering the specifics, but i know you can Google around and find sites that will break down such things as galaxy formation, with animations and such. I can't even think of a good couple of 'search terms' to try, but I can assure you, you can find some good learning sites to study such things. I'd probably start with The Museum of Natural History in New York. But anyway galaxy formation tutorials are out there.
@@mattwuk I respectfully offer an opposing thought or two. Fluid dynamics and gravity don't work exactly the same way. They can certainly appear to, especially if someone used a little Data Visualization software to create the video representation of what you're looking at, as opposed to straight video. Plus, although gravity literally affects everything, including the water circling the drain, fluid dynamics has very little to do with how galaxies a hundred light years across look to us.
I loved the asteroseismology interview, I would love to see a (or series of) interview(s) about building and operating a space telescope on as low of a budget as possible. I still think crowdfunding some kind of space observatory would be epic, and one of the space CEO's might give us a deal on a ride to orbit. If it had its own youtube channel/patrion or whatever i feel like it could get consistent funding.... but i obviously know nothing about actually doing this so get some people who do to tell me how wrong i am lol I would enjoy it!
As a person who works in satellite communications (multiple orbits), my personal opinion is that while the Kessler Syndrome is generally (generally, I say) overhyped for the sake of clicks, I nevertheless believe that a space traffic control along the same lines of air traffic control is coming down the line, hopefully sooner rather than later. However, this will require a re-write or replacement of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty for reasons to numerous to state here. I'd love an episode, or series of episodes covering this topic, perhaps covering how satellites get permission (or don't!) to operate where / how they do, how the current treaty prevents greater management/control, and how such a system might be implemented. ^_^
Auctioning orbits with at cost minimums would seem like the best option to fund an international organization to manage that. But the trick is getting it set up while immunizing it against geopolitics, politicians and excessive bureaucracy to ensure it actually has some legitimacy and everyone remains committed to working within it's framework.
thank you for your continued enthusiasm and dedication to sci-com. it is infectious. as for suggestions or queries, perhaps an interview with a VLBI person on the technology side of how they do VLBI in gory detail. or with a VLBI astronomer on deep dive of how they interpret the digital data and come up with the most logical explanation of what they see.
Thanks, Fraser. This may be a bit of a softball answer to your request, but lately I've been obsessing over the lakes and weather of Titan, an obsession I'm very happy was coinciding with the great series on Titan that Dreksler Astral has been pumping out. I'd love to hear an expert's take on what's going on with the lakes, both over and under ground, and the various cycles. We are still learning a lot from the old cassini-huygens mission data to this day, and I know there are no missions planned that will reach the lakes, but I'm also curious what we expect we may learn from dragonfly or other future missions. Other than that, I'd also love to hear more about the ice shells themselves on our various ice worlds, or where the water on these worlds interface with the ice above or surface below. Keep up the good work, to you and your team.
Pick any starting point on Earth. What is the smallest square mile / square km area that humans could have evolved in and found every material and technology to make a rocket that can send humans to space? Assuming the rest of Earth has no humans, so there is no communicating or travel outside of the chosen area.
@jamesmnguyen Not all of the inputs are required at our current usage levels to reach a high technology society, there are a lot of political, economic maximization and happenstance bias on what we actually use for what purpose. China certainly with it's present day borders it's easily enough. Might be possible to go down to say half that and still get it done comfortably.
Fraser, just want to let you know you have done extremely great job getting so many questions answered that I did not even know I had by all the amazing experts you have brought to interview. Thus, as much space curiosity I have, you fulfill it before I could come up with more questions. I let others come up with great ideas for interviews, and when I get a question, I’ll try asking you on the question show Thank you for amazing space journalism ❤️❤️🚀🛰️🔭🧑🚀
This is so fucking cool. I was five when Armstrong walked on the moon, and my dumb ass only remembers that I was at my Uncle Bud's, and in Baltimore in those days, nicely painted screen doors were a thing, so my little five year old ass only remembers looking out the front door, through the painting, out at the damn street. I did end up a bit of a space nut, lots of cool posters, maybe from Nat Geo, or NASA, or Smithsonian, but that damn screen... AND NOW PRIVATE SPACE WALKS!!!!
Yes. I'm 77, same situation. Do you want to do a space walk? Go out in a desert environment far from any towns late at night and look up. You're on a space vehicle looking out at the space around you. If you can afford the air fare come to Australia and go out in the desert here, hundreds of kilometres from the nearest light pollution. We have a better view of our galaxy, the Milky Way. It's spectacular.
@@rais1953 There are no deserts near me but if I ever get near one I'll try to do that. I used to live on a farm. I had a little hand held telescope and I would go outside and lay on the grass at night and look at the sky. Only thing my telescope did was make the moon and the nearby planets look a little bigger but at 9 or 10 that's awesome. Good night.
17:00 - With these iron winds on WASP-76b this suggest that the core of the gas-giant is so hot that despite the stupendous pressures existing their the planet's core is at the very least partially dissolved and being dredged up to the "Surface" of the WASP-76b.
"Asteroid re-entry over the Philippines". Did it emerge from our Earth? No? How could it re-enter? ;-) Of course it's just a tiny hickup. I like your work, you are doing a great job. That's so easy to under-estimate... Your are really doing a great job. I needed to add this to my comment here.
Topic ideas: 1. What is the current state of "standard candles" used to estimate the distance to stars and galaxies, starting with direct measurement using parallax and extending to quasars? 2. Mars probably has enough gravity to keep the human body from atrophying, but does Ganymede? Does the Moon? At what point will we need to work to maintain health? 3. Current technology only allows us to recycle water and grow a little food. What are the most problematic things we'll need to resupply Mars, the Moon, and space stations with?
Topic suggestion: computer simulations in astrophysics. Specifically, there are a variety of physics simulations one frequently sees the graphic output of on RUclips science videos. For example, the collision of that protoplanet with Earth and the creation of the moon. Another example: galactic disks, rotation and movement of stars and gas clouds, as the disk evolves. Also protoplanetary disks. Also, the formation of the galactic web and condensation of galaxies and galactic clusters. Another recently is a simulation of that mission colliding a probe with that rubble-pile asteroid orbiting that other asteroid. I'm an amateur programmer and I've been trying to learn how to write n-body simulations that use a GPU and I've wondered how astrophysicists write these simulations. Do they use supercomputing clusters? Homemade "beowulf" linux clusters? Powerful workstations? As I understand, the largest astrophysics simulations take true supercomputer power. Find simulations based astrophysicist(s) who does some of her / his / their own coding and interview them about it. Do they use C and MPI and CUDA? Do they use C++? OpenMP? OpenACC? Where can an amateur with a passionate interest in this get involved to help out, or at least to pick up some of the techniques? It's all well and good to putter around using Python, but these days we can do supercomputing with a fast PC and a fancy graphics card. Do any real physicists use such affordable equipment?
@@michaelallen2971 I'm a little embarrassed but I see why you might want to do that. In short, interview theoretical astrophysicists who code simulations: galactic disk simulations, protoplanetary disk simulations, simulations of the solar system, simulations of the interior of stars, of supernovae - core collapse and type 1a, simulations of the formation of galactic filaments, etc. We see animations of the output of such simulations on RUclips all the time. I'd like to know about the code, the computers, and the physicists and programmers who make them.
I would love to know more about Titan and how humans could explore its surface. I’ve heard you don’t need a pressurized suit there. That seems like a major positive.
I would love to see an interview about our sun's stellar siblings. Can we tell what stars were born in the same stellar nursery based on their chemistry or age? Are they all still relatively close or have they been scattered over the last 4.5 billion years.
About that last part, I would love to see some programmers or design engineers behind any of the missions in 2024 or 2023 you can get your "mics" on. Any of those people will have so much knowledge and information to satisfy our thirst. What goes into planning these missions, spacecrafts? Design constraints, software is a huge part of every mission. Mission critical software writing. A lot of other things that go behind the scenes that we are not even aware of.
Spiral galaxy arms. Please make an episode about it or answer in a Q&A! I still don't understand how they form and why they look like this? Is there more stars there? Or are they brighter "young" stars? Or is there more dust in-between the arms?
Planetary science, planetary science, planetary science! If I had to be more specific: I’d love to dive deeper into our outer solar system. Uranus and Neptune seem shrouded in mystery. Uranian seasons, Uranian moons, Neptune’s weather, Triton! A large helping of ice giant research for me please :) I doubt my appetite will be satisfied until we have long-term orbiter missions out there.
Regarding your request: There are hobby RC model aircraft pilots who have reached up to over 500mph with a glider using no propulsion whatsoever. They exploit this dynamic soaring effect. I’ve heard that these effects can also be exploited for spacecrafts accelerating on the magnetic field caused by the sun. I would love to see an interview on this dynamic soaring effect from RC pilots or astronomers :-)
Do you have any names or sources for that? I know Mike Bell here on RUclips managed to reach 510 km/h (316 mph) with a battery-powered homemade drone but what you're claiming seems outlandish.
Frazer Cain, I would like to hear about the expansion and contraction of the materials used by NASA and others and how they overcame it in order to maintain structural integrity of their vehicles and suits, space telescopes among other intruments in what is an extremely hostile environment? Necessity is the mother of invention and there's certainly been a few of those. Thank you sir, love the work you do.
Hi Fraser. Any chance you could cover the topic of Star classifications please? And, if relevant, classification of other objects. I'm sure a deep dive into this subject would be an eye-opener for many of your followers.
Do you mean this system? Star classification rare large to common small star: O B A F G K M : followed by - nearly star Brown dwarf: ~M L T Y : followed by -- planets including JUMBOs and Rogue. 75% of Large stars are binaries, 50% our sun are binaries, 25% smaller are binaries. Is that what you want to discuss?
@@AlanLaurie I looked it up on the internet, and found from Wikipedia and other places: Originally stars were classified by the Harvard spectral classification, which was based on A thru Q depending on Hydrogen lines. Then it was realized a lot of letters over lapped, and so many were dropped. Continuity of other spectral features was also improved if B came before A and O came before B, with the end result, the spectral sequence: OBAFGKM under the Morgan-Keenan (MK) system. The sequence has been expanded with three classes for other stars that do not fit in the classical system: W, S and C. Some non-stellar objects have also been assigned letters: D for white dwarfs and L, T and Y for Brown dwarfs. Each letter class is then subdivided using a numeric digit with 0 being hottest and 9 being coolest (e.g., A8, A9, F0, and F1 form a sequence from hotter to cooler). Luminosity class 0 or Ia+ is used for hypergiants, class I for supergiants, class II for bright giants, class III for regular giants, class IV for subgiants, class V for main-sequence stars, class sd (or VI) for subdwarfs, and class D (or VII) for white dwarfs. The full spectral class for the Sun is then G2V. I hope this helps if there is not episode on this.
There is one thing that I want to know about, Did Carl Sagan ever get to use the Internet? 🤔 I know that Google did not even exist yet, but I was quite much on the internet in 95,96,97 and it felt more fantastic than then than it does now. Perhaps because of the demographic of the internet was quite different back then. Everything was interesting because it was either facts, fantasy or games. And news, but I didn't read those.
I would love to see an interview with someone or multiple ppl to help explain the current understanding of our solar systems history/formation, from past stellar flybys, formation of the planets, where our sun originated from and possibly discoveries of our stellar siblings (stars formed around the same time and with similar make up to our star) and where those might be. Would love to see this explained in detail by someone or multiple people who have a good understanding of how this is currently understood
Would love to know more about black hole thermodynamics, its connection to Hawking radiation, to Firewall and Information paradoxes. Thanks for great content!
Hi Everyone! My question for the question show is: if Mars doesn't have a magnetic field, what would be the point of terraforming it if it's only going to be lost to space? What am I missing?
Establishing a magnetic field or at least some sort of solar shields have been discussed by many of the papers on terra forming Mars. So at least some people have thought about it :p
Without a magnetic field the atmosphere would still last millions of years. That's not billions, but it is longer than humans have existed. That is all the time we would need, or enough time to work out a better solution.
@@RoryJamesFord-rn9yu The rate of loss is very slow. It's unlikely that the atmosphere on Mars could ever be restored to Earthlike density but if it were it would last millions of years without a planetary magnetosphere. Some people say some kind of artificial magnetosphere could be created.
So, for subjects for interviews etc; I'm a sucker for SETI and would love an update on the breakthrough project etc. How much of the sky have we scanned so far? Have there been signals that got the researchers excited? etc etc.
It would be simply amazing if you could do any interviews with anyone working on the Clipper mission to Europa, ESA's JUICE mission, or PSYCHE the asteroid mission. Totally separate from that, I'm researching interferometer telescopes. I'm trying to map out ways to scale these more easily by capturing photon wave information from swarms of telescopes that will combine their data for processing on Earth. I want to map out what it would take to make a telescope capable of capturing high resolution images of exoplanets earth-sized within 50 light years. Anything you post with the experts in interferometry is always appreciated.
I'd love to know how gravitationally lensed images are processed and reconstructed so that we can see the original image. How do they assemble warped images?
I love the idea of interplanetary laser networks transmitting video. It may not be very useful scientifically, but space is not for humans, so we have to find other cool ways to explore it.
Question: Don't interferometric telescopes suffer from grating lobes (a radar term)? If the receivers are more than a half wavelength apart, then there are multiple angles with the same interferometric gain. If they are many wavelengths apart, then the grating lobes are close in angle. Is it just that the individual apertures are so many wavelengths wide that the grating lobes are pointed in a direction of so little gain from the main pattern?
Love your channel. 2:58 When I took astronomy in the late '60s, the name of this star was pronounced BAIT-TEL-GASE ; derived from the original Arabic, not the movie. Blue Origin hasn't put a payload into orbit and now their going to Mars?
@FraserCain Frozen stars. I have heard about them in one of Sutter's books but as an aside, these are supposed to be future higher-metallicity stars with much smaller masses than current red dwarfs and atmospheres cool enough that water clouds could form in most outer layers. But I don't know much details other than that and I'd be delighted if you covered the topic, in an interview or without an interiew.
I've been legally blind my whole life, but in elementary school, I had some vision in one eye,. So, with really thick-lensed glasses, I could sorta make out the images of the planets in this picture book I had in second grade. I used it as the basis for the one science fair project I did that ever won anything (and tbh, I wouldn't be surprised if the judges saw a model Solar System surrounded by Braille factsheets and rated it higher than it deserved.) I never could see well enough to appreciate telescopes or microscopes, though, so color photos and illustrations and models and *The Magic School Bus* and the Mars Mission simulator at Space Camp are the sum total of my visual experience of other worlds. All of which is an overly wordy and somewhat narcissistic way of asking for descriptions of some of this exoplanet concept art 😳. Wasp76b sounds like it'd be really cool to see.
I want to know about Star formation! I want to know how long it took from the start of the process for the Sun to form. And how big was the 'dust' cloud from which the Sun formed? How big was the dust cloud from which Betelgeuse formed? Anyhoo: The mechanics of Star formation 👍
Question: If you had a telescope in space which just one looked at one Star - let's say Betelgeuse - all the time then would you learn more about the Star with a single Star telescope? 🤔
The topic I want to know more about is the technology directed at sustainability in space, the recycling of everything, and the growing of food. What are the optimal foods for growing in space? I have actually been working on this myself. Mostly just thinking and analyzing. I know about nutrition, thinking about a limited number of organisms, and their growth efficiency for space really adds complexity. I don't want to distort the results with my conclusions. I want to hear what other people are thinking. One thing. I don't think people are ready for insects or worms. That would just make space miserable. Food should taste good, be nutritious and healthy, and reasonably familiar. It also should be omnivore, but with the possibility of being vegetarian, vegan, or even carnivore without coming up short on nutrition. Another aspect that I think will be very important is that if human waste is used, and it almost certainly has to, bad smells must be minimized, or it will be miserable in the spacecraft. I have a solution there, but again, I don't want to alter the input of others.
So a couple years ago I visited the Hobby-Eberly observatory in west Texas and they were just commissioning the HET-DEX experiment/survey. It sounded really interesting because their investigation falls somewhere in between the CMB and Planck surveys. I haven't been able to find anything on its status or results, though. Was it a flop? Is it still ongoing? Can you interview anyone from that team? That would be so cool.
Hey, Fraser! I have a question that has been boggling my mind for over a year now: why exosolar gas giants around Sun-like stars have such wildly eccentric orbits, even if there is only one planet in the system and there are virtually no other massive objects to affect its orbital motion and evolution?
SHOW IDEA: Serious proposals for manned missions to solar system objects other than Mars and the Moon. Clouds of Venus is acceptable, but that has been covered before so it would be nice to get something completely new (asteroids, Titan, etc...)
Gemini 4 had to depressurize for first space walk. Suit a bit more bulky no modern insulators but not the modern bulk either. But let him go out on umbilical cord with hand held thruster unit.
Would the Gaya-Enceladus merger be responsible for the starburst activity we see evidence of circa 7-8 bya? Ex, that Australian meteorite that I looked up a couple weeks ago and already forgot the name of, the distribution of nearby stellar ages, etc? And this brings me back to this lingering issue I have with the giant impact hypothesis for the axial tilt of Uranus. Clearly, knocking over SagA* was not enough to drag the galaxy along with it. Is the scale just that different with planets and moons? Does the structure change things substantially? Just, the whole thing seems fishy. Isn't the ecliptic 6^o above the Solar equator, and 60^o from the galactic equator? But Uranus got knocked over nearly 90^o and it still has moons more or less on the same plane? Something about this just confuses me. Not sure how I went from trying to match up evidence of the ancient history of the galaxy to "and that's why we should probe Uranus," but here we are. :/
In response to your call for topics at the end - I participate in the community science project Einstein@Home by using my computer to process data captured from gravitation wave observatories around the world. Can you explain how this works as many observatories are used in conjunction with each other to pinpoint wave sources. Also, regarding gravitational wave pulsar array observations, can more any info be determined other than that the waves exist, a bit like a buoy bobbing around the ocean. As this is a really new science capability, I am sure many new discoveries are in the offing.
One topic could be "growing plants in space" Is someone trying to simulate soil or regolith and trying to grow or keep plants alive using it here on earth or the ISS? Does a field of study exist to figure out and prepare people to do this? What is it called? Is there an extremophile that could be taken, multiplied and used to blanket patches of areas in the lunar regolith to eventually make soil?
Be careful what you ask for... Actually, sending hospice patients seems like an ethical option, except they're sick and need care. And sending people who want to unalive would probably be seen as unethical
Would an entry to Mars need the heat shield? I know it will need it for coming back to Earth, but if you're sending a rocket to Mars to land an not intended to re-launch, like you intend for it to be taken apart to be used as material for a Mars base, would they make one without the shield?
cool but under-reported topic: astrophysical masers A lot of SETI research assumes powerful narrowband signals are rare in nature, so they look for powerful narrowband signals, especially around hydrogen lines. But astrophysical masers transmit powerful narrowband signals, especially around hydrogen lines, since many contain hydrogen. Also, creating solar-pumped synthetic astrophysical masers could be one means of achieving space based solar power with long range transmission built into the power generation mechanism directly, so it's interesting if you like megastructure engineering theories like stellasers, Nicholl-Dyson beams, laser highways, kugelblitz factories, death stars, and so on. Finally, giant space lasers are just cool in general, regardless of whether they're naturally occurring or not.
For me it doesn't count as a spacewalk unless the entire body are outside of the vehicle. Leaning out of a window is cool, I admit that, but it is hardly a spacewalk in my opinion.
How do they plan the expansion of capabilities on projects like LIGO or the LHC? Do they know in advance what they are going to do, or do they have a team always looking for new advancements that can be added?
How do scientists determine which experiments to conduct on projects like Europa Clipper or JWST? How do they decide what scientific questions need to be addressed and what will have to wait for future missions? Additionally, how do they select the appropriate instruments for these experiments?
I would love to hear about theoretical models of black hole mergers and what’s been learned about them from LIGO. After a merger are there still multiple orbiting singularities within a single event horizon? Can event horizons overlap and then separate if the centers of the black holes are in interesting orbits, or is there a certain distance at which two singularities just *bing* become one?
isn't NASA ever so lucky that the names of their spacecraft names make such neat acronyms.... I was always surprised they didin't crowbar New Horizons into an acronym.
Nit: Technically Starliner did have thruster issues on the way down. One thruster in particular went offline. But Starliner's redundant thrusters took over and the mission was completed successfully. So you cannot quite say that Starliner returned without incident...
@jamesmnguyen - I agree that it returned on target and redundancies worked as designed. I wouldn't agree that it had no failures. It simply had no fatal failures.
Wouldn't a quake on a star be referred to as a starquake, just like the novel by Robert L. Forward? I read this book years back and was an excellent read.
Why did the space x team not each spend a couple of minutes properly outside the capsule? Once they’re all suited up & the hatch is open what is the extra cost/risk? 🤔
i would like to know more about people looking into growing food in space and when shipping food up to the astronauts will be overtaken by growing food in space. we are obviously not there yet, but would something like starship, or number of them, being uses as rotating farm habitats or what the plans for growing food on the moon are. i cant be the only one thinking about food production in the upcoming decades with what i see as an inevitable growth in off earth population.
Question, with the tidally locked WASP planet, how can cooler material flow back to the star facing side with that same star blasting that side like a blowtorch?
3:07 Is there some reason the telescopes in this array look so randomly placed? They just look like they were tossed like a bunch of dice all over the dessert instead of being lined up in neat rows like we usually see with arrays.
After doing some reading, it seems different telescope configurations have different benefits for the astronomers, yes, they can move those antennas (with big trucks!) The exact details on what changes for each config is not apparent to me. I assume it's to avoid noise, or something.
Would you agree to sit in a capsule and perform re-entry when the capsule is known to have issues with its thrusters? Luck is not a factor here. If there is a plausible chance it will fail, you don't put people on it.
In response to your call to action at the end:
After this insanely chaotic year of low earth orbit activities, I would love to see some interviews with software engineers or programmers that have to take on the responsibility of writing such high stakes code. Mainly pertaining to the automated part of docking, sattelite positioning/reactions, etc.
I don't know, this stuff always seems like it's taken for granted.
Irrc correctly, class A code can kill the astronauts. Class b is loss of mission, class c is loss of instrument, or partial mission…idk, class d is no one cares. It’s is a big deal.
It's not about coding - it's about process (or lack of thereof ) in which it is being developed. There are regulations for Software as Medical Devices, ASPICE but no amount of paperwork can make up for lack of time, lack of clean design, poorly selected tools ( who writed in Ada nowadays? ) and lack of independent IN FLIGHT testing on smaller protypes, analogues. Silly-Con Valley Agile culure has made it to the workplace, so actual feedback everything else is off the table. Skill and attitude are another matter. But yeah, it is funny that after first Energya flight and Polyus failure we should contain with literally same problems 30 years later. Another problem is integration, outsourcing everything to suppliers see only fraction of the picture. Also - the general rule is: the less code and code driven subystems, the better.
That sounds interesting! Programming, computer programmers and the space industry; lots of interesting stories there I bet 👍
I agree. Fraser, please interview a midlevel(Spacex?) or upper level engineer- someone who actually builds and tests the bloody things. Less of the interviews with theoretical folk.
i would love to get a glance at the actual codes, and have the progress explained, this question could make a really interesting video!
Imagine going to space on June 5th for 8 days.. and then 8 days turns into next February
I'm actually quite certain that they are very happy about being stranded there !!! I'd bet that they are having a great time !!!!!
- You said you will go out with your friends for a week. Where have you've been?!
- Darling, honey, you would not believe this, but...
They're lucky the door hasn't blown off.
@@CommonSenseCriticism
Boing, right !!! 😂😂😂
Responding to your call to action, I'm fascinated about the politics of space policy: how budgetary debates impact missions, the decadal survey process, where national security interests intersect with space exploration, etc. For instance, every time I listen to podcasts from Casey Dreier, whom I know you've interviewed before, I'm always left wanting more. So seeing more of these topics and discussion on this channel would be welcome as well. Thanks!
This is not limited to space. Look at F-35 and TR-3, look what is happening in automotive industry. Software is no longer designed crafted or manufacturied. It is regurgitated in massive amounts by paper pushers like Scrum Masters.
On a practical level, how does administering old missions like the Voyager 1 work? Presumably there isn't a room full of people doing nothing waiting around all day. How are these missions monitored and staffed?
In 2017 NYT had an article about the room full of people doing exactly this: "The Loyal Engineers Steering NASA’s Voyager Probes Across the Universe"
Search for The Deep Space Network. Yes, there really is a room somewhere with a couple terminals labelled Voyager, Pioneer, Cassini, Galileo, etc. The Space Telescope Science Institute at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore handles Hubble, The Jet Propulsion Laboratory at CalTech in Pasadena CA does Voyager . They are all online in some form or other.
@@modalmixture I can't imagine it's the most exciting portion of their job. Maybe it is to them though.
@@jamesmnguyen Well coding for it is not a easy thing. Code has to be tighter than anything modern programers ever think of doing. And of course how the system works not been used in a long time.
So they not exactly sitting around.
I've been fascinated with gravitational wave dynamics for as long as I can remember and I have a bunch of unanswered questions I'd love to see a leader of the field like Thorn or Barish chew on:
How do gravitational waves interact with frame dragged space time?
Are gravitational waves magnified by a gravitational lens?
Do gravitational waves contain maximum entropy?
Do gravitational waves carry positive energy?
Do black holes consume passing gravitational waves??
Please describe in as much detail as possible, how up to 5% mass of two black holes during a merger is converted into gravitational waves?
Also, please describe, how a percentage of the angular momentum of two merging black holes is converted into gravitational waves?
In this very unlikely scenario, What would a black hole/white hole merger look like?
Also, how large or how close would two merging black holes have to be for humans to be able to notice and feel the effects of gravitational waves in both our environments and our bodies using just our natural senses? How would they affect us?
That's a lot of questions, and the science of wave mechanics could answer most of it.
The twisted spacetime can alter the path and speed of gravitational waves, altering their amplitude and frequency as well as exchanging energy with the rotating mass and changing their polarisation.
Yes gravitational waves (like light) can be magnified by a gravitational lens, as well as boosting or decreasing the signal, producing multiple images of the gravitational wave and other wave effects (which would all be very difficult to observe!) such as diffraction and interference.
The waves may have high entropy, but not necessarily maximum entropy such as a black hole.
Gravitational waves always do carry positive energy.
Gravitational waves interact with gravitational sources, including scattering, deflection, possible extraction of energy from a black hole, amplification (superradiance) by absorbing rotational energy from a black hole and being absorbed by a black hole and of course being absorbed by any other matter.
There are different phases of a merger: the inspiral which loses energy and causes the black holes to spiral closer; the merger phase where the emissions become very large; the ringdown phase where the newly formed black hole settles down. The gravitational waves take their energy from the curvature of spacetime around the black hole, which reduces the mass of the final black hole.
@@user-Aaron- I've read that typically we could feel gravitational waves within a few thousand miles of a black hole merger, enough possibly to break bones. Not exactly sure though if that is due mostly to the extreme tidal forces at that distance!
That's a full episode of PBS Spacetime right there, or more
Authoritative, likeable, trustworthy. Thanks for the weekly snippets of space joy Fraser.
about what you asked from us, viewers, I would like to see an interview about the artists that create the ilustrations/representations of how discovered worlds, stars, etc, could potentialy look like.
Edit: how do they come up with the idea? Where they get inspiration? How much influence they get from sci-fi movies, TV shows, comics, games, etc? Do they do it as a full time job? What software they use? What are their thoughts on AI image and video generators? When did they decided to become artists? What about book writers and movie directors? Videogame directors?
I thing artists play a huge role in what makes us all love stuff about the universe and are often forgotten.
I would like to know more about how bars form in spiral galaxies. I know the physics is quite complicated but I think we can (mostly) handle it 😊
Gravity, and nothing else... I can't be of much help remembering the specifics, but i know you can Google around and find sites that will break down such things as galaxy formation, with animations and such. I can't even think of a good couple of 'search terms' to try, but I can assure you, you can find some good learning sites to study such things. I'd probably start with The Museum of Natural History in New York. But anyway galaxy formation tutorials are out there.
It's the same physics that cause the 'bars' you see in the water then you pull the plug out of the bath.
@@mattwuk I respectfully offer an opposing thought or two. Fluid dynamics and gravity don't work exactly the same way. They can certainly appear to, especially if someone used a little Data Visualization software to create the video representation of what you're looking at, as opposed to straight video. Plus, although gravity literally affects everything, including the water circling the drain, fluid dynamics has very little to do with how galaxies a hundred light years across look to us.
@@abcde_fz I agree, you're right.
This is the first private space walk. Yeah they stood at top of the ladder but don't forget that they had to test the new EVA-Suit.
So did Ed White when he went 25 feet out from his Gemini capsule in 1965.
@@executivestepstoo bad he wasn't fireproof
@@executivesteps Was just watching that film.
Smithsonian on the phone to Boeing "We would like to put your capsule next to our 737 Max cabin door."
Amazing images of Mercury! I'm looking forward to BepiColombo's next encounter
New research into the Oort Cloud, and it's limits ?
Thanks for your videos Fraser.
I loved the asteroseismology interview, I would love to see a (or series of) interview(s) about building and operating a space telescope on as low of a budget as possible. I still think crowdfunding some kind of space observatory would be epic, and one of the space CEO's might give us a deal on a ride to orbit. If it had its own youtube channel/patrion or whatever i feel like it could get consistent funding.... but i obviously know nothing about actually doing this so get some people who do to tell me how wrong i am lol I would enjoy it!
As a person who works in satellite communications (multiple orbits), my personal opinion is that while the Kessler Syndrome is generally (generally, I say) overhyped for the sake of clicks, I nevertheless believe that a space traffic control along the same lines of air traffic control is coming down the line, hopefully sooner rather than later. However, this will require a re-write or replacement of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty for reasons to numerous to state here. I'd love an episode, or series of episodes covering this topic, perhaps covering how satellites get permission (or don't!) to operate where / how they do, how the current treaty prevents greater management/control, and how such a system might be implemented. ^_^
Auctioning orbits with at cost minimums would seem like the best option to fund an international organization to manage that.
But the trick is getting it set up while immunizing it against geopolitics, politicians and excessive bureaucracy to ensure it actually has some legitimacy and everyone remains committed to working within it's framework.
14:57 "Hello darkness my old friend ..."
The machine uprising is in full swing.
thank you for your continued enthusiasm and dedication to sci-com. it is infectious. as for suggestions or queries, perhaps an interview with a VLBI person on the technology side of how they do VLBI in gory detail. or with a VLBI astronomer on deep dive of how they interpret the digital data and come up with the most logical explanation of what they see.
Maybe somebody is developing a VLBI-At-Home so we can make all our cellphones into a giant telescope
Thanks, Fraser. This may be a bit of a softball answer to your request, but lately I've been obsessing over the lakes and weather of Titan, an obsession I'm very happy was coinciding with the great series on Titan that Dreksler Astral has been pumping out. I'd love to hear an expert's take on what's going on with the lakes, both over and under ground, and the various cycles. We are still learning a lot from the old cassini-huygens mission data to this day, and I know there are no missions planned that will reach the lakes, but I'm also curious what we expect we may learn from dragonfly or other future missions.
Other than that, I'd also love to hear more about the ice shells themselves on our various ice worlds, or where the water on these worlds interface with the ice above or surface below.
Keep up the good work, to you and your team.
Pick any starting point on Earth. What is the smallest square mile / square km area that humans could have evolved in and found every material and technology to make a rocket that can send humans to space? Assuming the rest of Earth has no humans, so there is no communicating or travel outside of the chosen area.
As a ballpark guess, maybe an area of the US or Central Europe around the size of a US state
I'd say picking all of China and Russia combined for this experiment might work? So almost a continent, at minimum, is my guess.
@@Imupinta how is that a minimum?
Not very small, a lot of our precious/rare earth materials are very dispersed around the globe, or very hard to get if you pick a specific location.
@jamesmnguyen Not all of the inputs are required at our current usage levels to reach a high technology society, there are a lot of political, economic maximization and happenstance bias on what we actually use for what purpose.
China certainly with it's present day borders it's easily enough. Might be possible to go down to say half that and still get it done comfortably.
Fraser, just want to let you know you have done extremely great job getting so many questions answered that I did not even know I had by all the amazing experts you have brought to interview. Thus, as much space curiosity I have, you fulfill it before I could come up with more questions. I let others come up with great ideas for interviews, and when I get a question, I’ll try asking you on the question show
Thank you for amazing space journalism ❤️❤️🚀🛰️🔭🧑🚀
This is so fucking cool. I was five when Armstrong walked on the moon, and my dumb ass only remembers that I was at my Uncle Bud's, and in Baltimore in those days, nicely painted screen doors were a thing, so my little five year old ass only remembers looking out the front door, through the painting, out at the damn street. I did end up a bit of a space nut, lots of cool posters, maybe from Nat Geo, or NASA, or Smithsonian, but that damn screen... AND NOW PRIVATE SPACE WALKS!!!!
This video is fascinating, it explains it all well, I hope you continue doing what you like ❤thank you for this information 🌞🌎🌧️
Always awesome information, thanks so much for your efforts.
I've always dreamt of doing something like that but, being 81 yrs old, I know it'll never happen. At least I got to see it happen.
Yes. I'm 77, same situation. Do you want to do a space walk? Go out in a desert environment far from any towns late at night and look up. You're on a space vehicle looking out at the space around you. If you can afford the air fare come to Australia and go out in the desert here, hundreds of kilometres from the nearest light pollution. We have a better view of our galaxy, the Milky Way. It's spectacular.
@@rais1953 There are no deserts near me but if I ever get near one I'll try to do that. I used to live on a farm. I had a little hand held telescope and I would go outside and lay on the grass at night and look at the sky. Only thing my telescope did was make the moon and the nearby planets look a little bigger but at 9 or 10 that's awesome. Good night.
May you live past 100 in good health
@@I.amthatrealJuan I'm working on it. Had a cousin of my moms live to 99 so it's possible in this family.
17:00 - With these iron winds on WASP-76b this suggest that the core of the gas-giant is so hot that despite the stupendous pressures existing their the planet's core is at the very least partially dissolved and being dredged up to the "Surface" of the WASP-76b.
Excellent video.
Loved the star image and the new space suits.
AWESOME EPISODE!!!
AHHH .... Glad to see someone repurpose Grandma's old coffee table from 1972 to put the DUSTIE on ..... WOOOT RECYCLING . 👍👍👍 Nice vid man . LIKED
"Asteroid re-entry over the
Philippines".
Did it emerge from our Earth? No?
How could it re-enter? ;-)
Of course it's just a tiny hickup.
I like your work, you are doing a great job. That's so easy to under-estimate... Your are really doing a great job. I needed to add this to my comment here.
Topic ideas:
1. What is the current state of "standard candles" used to estimate the distance to stars and galaxies, starting with direct measurement using parallax and extending to quasars?
2. Mars probably has enough gravity to keep the human body from atrophying, but does Ganymede? Does the Moon? At what point will we need to work to maintain health?
3. Current technology only allows us to recycle water and grow a little food. What are the most problematic things we'll need to resupply Mars, the Moon, and space stations with?
Great video, lots of great news.Well done sir.😊
Topic suggestion: computer simulations in astrophysics. Specifically, there are a variety of physics simulations one frequently sees the graphic output of on RUclips science videos. For example, the collision of that protoplanet with Earth and the creation of the moon. Another example: galactic disks, rotation and movement of stars and gas clouds, as the disk evolves. Also protoplanetary disks. Also, the formation of the galactic web and condensation of galaxies and galactic clusters. Another recently is a simulation of that mission colliding a probe with that rubble-pile asteroid orbiting that other asteroid. I'm an amateur programmer and I've been trying to learn how to write n-body simulations that use a GPU and I've wondered how astrophysicists write these simulations. Do they use supercomputing clusters? Homemade "beowulf" linux clusters? Powerful workstations? As I understand, the largest astrophysics simulations take true supercomputer power. Find simulations based astrophysicist(s) who does some of her / his / their own coding and interview them about it. Do they use C and MPI and CUDA? Do they use C++? OpenMP? OpenACC? Where can an amateur with a passionate interest in this get involved to help out, or at least to pick up some of the techniques? It's all well and good to putter around using Python, but these days we can do supercomputing with a fast PC and a fancy graphics card. Do any real physicists use such affordable equipment?
I'm gonna run your comment through AI and ask it what you're saying
@@michaelallen2971 I'm a little embarrassed but I see why you might want to do that.
In short, interview theoretical astrophysicists who code simulations: galactic disk simulations, protoplanetary disk simulations, simulations of the solar system, simulations of the interior of stars, of supernovae - core collapse and type 1a, simulations of the formation of galactic filaments, etc. We see animations of the output of such simulations on RUclips all the time. I'd like to know about the code, the computers, and the physicists and programmers who make them.
A bit of trivia with the NASA eva suits. They were actually made in reference to buck rogers.
I'd like to know more about the logistics of engineering, constructing, and deploying satellites. Especially SpaceX's swarm.
The maths behind very long baseline interferometry, just... how does it work so spectacularly.
Thanks for yet another great and informative video.
Sticking me head outta the car in space HELL YEAH !
I would love to know more about Titan and how humans could explore its surface. I’ve heard you don’t need a pressurized suit there. That seems like a major positive.
Pressure is not the problem, the low low temperature (Below Antarctica) and poisonous air is. You still need an airtight temperature regulated suit.
Did you get a new camera? Your video quality seems to have really improved! Good job! (not that it was bad or anything before, heh)
I would love to see an interview about our sun's stellar siblings. Can we tell what stars were born in the same stellar nursery based on their chemistry or age? Are they all still relatively close or have they been scattered over the last 4.5 billion years.
About that last part, I would love to see some programmers or design engineers behind any of the missions in 2024 or 2023 you can get your "mics" on. Any of those people will have so much knowledge and information to satisfy our thirst. What goes into planning these missions, spacecrafts? Design constraints, software is a huge part of every mission. Mission critical software writing. A lot of other things that go behind the scenes that we are not even aware of.
Spiral galaxy arms. Please make an episode about it or answer in a Q&A!
I still don't understand how they form and why they look like this? Is there more stars there? Or are they brighter "young" stars? Or is there more dust in-between the arms?
BepiColumbo: Just one more thing.
Planetary science, planetary science, planetary science!
If I had to be more specific: I’d love to dive deeper into our outer solar system. Uranus and Neptune seem shrouded in mystery. Uranian seasons, Uranian moons, Neptune’s weather, Triton! A large helping of ice giant research for me please :) I doubt my appetite will be satisfied until we have long-term orbiter missions out there.
Regarding your request:
There are hobby RC model aircraft pilots who have reached up to over 500mph with a glider using no propulsion whatsoever. They exploit this dynamic soaring effect.
I’ve heard that these effects can also be exploited for spacecrafts accelerating on the magnetic field caused by the sun. I would love to see an interview on this dynamic soaring effect from RC pilots or astronomers :-)
Do you have any names or sources for that? I know Mike Bell here on RUclips managed to reach 510 km/h (316 mph) with a battery-powered homemade drone but what you're claiming seems outlandish.
@@user-Aaron-look up Spencer Lisenby?
@@almach6279 Thanks!
Frazer Cain, I would like to hear about the expansion and contraction of the materials used by NASA and others and how they overcame it in order to maintain structural integrity of their vehicles and suits, space telescopes among other intruments in what is an extremely hostile environment?
Necessity is the mother of invention and there's certainly been a few of those. Thank you sir, love the work you do.
Hi Fraser. Any chance you could cover the topic of Star classifications please? And, if relevant, classification of other objects. I'm sure a deep dive into this subject would be an eye-opener for many of your followers.
Or an eye closer 😴 💤
Do you mean this system?
Star classification rare large to common small star: O B A F G K M : followed by - nearly star Brown dwarf: ~M L T Y : followed by -- planets including JUMBOs and Rogue.
75% of Large stars are binaries, 50% our sun are binaries, 25% smaller are binaries.
Is that what you want to discuss?
@@tommy-er6hhYes, that system and the history of how it came about.
@@AlanLaurie I looked it up on the internet, and found from Wikipedia and other places:
Originally stars were classified by the Harvard spectral classification, which was based on A thru Q depending on Hydrogen lines.
Then it was realized a lot of letters over lapped, and so many were dropped. Continuity of other spectral features was also improved if B came before A and O came before B, with the end result, the spectral sequence: OBAFGKM under the Morgan-Keenan (MK) system. The sequence has been expanded with three classes for other stars that do not fit in the classical system: W, S and C. Some non-stellar objects have also been assigned letters: D for white dwarfs and L, T and Y for Brown dwarfs.
Each letter class is then subdivided using a numeric digit with 0 being hottest and 9 being coolest (e.g., A8, A9, F0, and F1 form a sequence from hotter to cooler).
Luminosity class 0 or Ia+ is used for hypergiants, class I for supergiants, class II for bright giants, class III for regular giants, class IV for subgiants, class V for main-sequence stars, class sd (or VI) for subdwarfs, and class D (or VII) for white dwarfs. The full spectral class for the Sun is then G2V.
I hope this helps if there is not episode on this.
There is one thing that I want to know about, Did Carl Sagan ever get to use the Internet? 🤔 I know that Google did not even exist yet, but I was quite much on the internet in 95,96,97 and it felt more fantastic than then than it does now. Perhaps because of the demographic of the internet was quite different back then. Everything was interesting because it was either facts, fantasy or games. And news, but I didn't read those.
Fraser, could you please do an interview with an expert who is actively searching our and other galaxies for technosignatures?
He did. ruclips.net/user/liveC3fHN2oHkcU?si=baEU2AEutXt8gpgU
Edit: more than once, apparently. ruclips.net/user/live-M4hGuDDsgM?si=FMVDzQ6DYQsBpS9t
I find it scary to see a huge star bubbling...Mind boggling.
I would love to see an interview with someone or multiple ppl to help explain the current understanding of our solar systems history/formation, from past stellar flybys, formation of the planets, where our sun originated from and possibly discoveries of our stellar siblings (stars formed around the same time and with similar make up to our star) and where those might be. Would love to see this explained in detail by someone or multiple people who have a good understanding of how this is currently understood
Would love to know more about black hole thermodynamics, its connection to Hawking radiation, to Firewall and Information paradoxes.
Thanks for great content!
The detachable ring is a temporary item. SpaceX has mentioned that there will be a permanent staging blast protection cap for the booster.
Hi Everyone! My question for the question show is: if Mars doesn't have a magnetic field, what would be the point of terraforming it if it's only going to be lost to space? What am I missing?
Establishing a magnetic field or at least some sort of solar shields have been discussed by many of the papers on terra forming Mars. So at least some people have thought about it :p
Venus has almost zero magnetic field, plenty of atmosphere.
Without a magnetic field the atmosphere would still last millions of years. That's not billions, but it is longer than humans have existed. That is all the time we would need, or enough time to work out a better solution.
@@RoryJamesFord-rn9yu The rate of loss is very slow. It's unlikely that the atmosphere on Mars could ever be restored to Earthlike density but if it were it would last millions of years without a planetary magnetosphere. Some people say some kind of artificial magnetosphere could be created.
0:52 nice
So, for subjects for interviews etc; I'm a sucker for SETI and would love an update on the breakthrough project etc. How much of the sky have we scanned so far? Have there been signals that got the researchers excited? etc etc.
It would be simply amazing if you could do any interviews with anyone working on the Clipper mission to Europa, ESA's JUICE mission, or PSYCHE the asteroid mission.
Totally separate from that, I'm researching interferometer telescopes. I'm trying to map out ways to scale these more easily by capturing photon wave information from swarms of telescopes that will combine their data for processing on Earth. I want to map out what it would take to make a telescope capable of capturing high resolution images of exoplanets earth-sized within 50 light years. Anything you post with the experts in interferometry is always appreciated.
I'd love to know how gravitationally lensed images are processed and reconstructed so that we can see the original image. How do they assemble warped images?
Just apply the inverse warp
I love the idea of interplanetary laser networks transmitting video. It may not be very useful scientifically, but space is not for humans, so we have to find other cool ways to explore it.
Question: Don't interferometric telescopes suffer from grating lobes (a radar term)? If the receivers are more than a half wavelength apart, then there are multiple angles with the same interferometric gain. If they are many wavelengths apart, then the grating lobes are close in angle. Is it just that the individual apertures are so many wavelengths wide that the grating lobes are pointed in a direction of so little gain from the main pattern?
Love your channel. 2:58 When I took astronomy in the late '60s, the name of this star was pronounced BAIT-TEL-GASE ; derived from the original Arabic, not the movie. Blue Origin hasn't put a payload into orbit and now their going to Mars?
I would love to hear about inertial relativistic propulsion like the Helical engine.
@FraserCain
Frozen stars. I have heard about them in one of Sutter's books but as an aside, these are supposed to be future higher-metallicity stars with much smaller masses than current red dwarfs and atmospheres cool enough that water clouds could form in most outer layers. But I don't know much details other than that and I'd be delighted if you covered the topic, in an interview or without an interiew.
I’d like to get an update of ESA’s space junk clean-up missions. JAXA’s too. Thanks!!
So the first private spacewalk is finally here. One step closer to the sci-fi future.
I've been legally blind my whole life, but in elementary school, I had some vision in one eye,. So, with really thick-lensed glasses, I could sorta make out the images of the planets in this picture book I had in second grade. I used it as the basis for the one science fair project I did that ever won anything (and tbh, I wouldn't be surprised if the judges saw a model Solar System surrounded by Braille factsheets and rated it higher than it deserved.) I never could see well enough to appreciate telescopes or microscopes, though, so color photos and illustrations and models and *The Magic School Bus* and the Mars Mission simulator at Space Camp are the sum total of my visual experience of other worlds.
All of which is an overly wordy and somewhat narcissistic way of asking for descriptions of some of this exoplanet concept art 😳. Wasp76b sounds like it'd be really cool to see.
I wonder if there's an AI out there somewhere that you feed an image to and it describes it in words. If there isn't now, there soon will be
I want to know about Star formation! I want to know how long it took from the start of the process for the Sun to form. And how big was the 'dust' cloud from which the Sun formed? How big was the dust cloud from which Betelgeuse formed? Anyhoo: The mechanics of Star formation 👍
Question: If you had a telescope in space which just one looked at one Star - let's say Betelgeuse - all the time then would you learn more about the Star with a single Star telescope? 🤔
The topic I want to know more about is the technology directed at sustainability in space, the recycling of everything, and the growing of food. What are the optimal foods for growing in space? I have actually been working on this myself. Mostly just thinking and analyzing. I know about nutrition, thinking about a limited number of organisms, and their growth efficiency for space really adds complexity. I don't want to distort the results with my conclusions. I want to hear what other people are thinking. One thing. I don't think people are ready for insects or worms. That would just make space miserable. Food should taste good, be nutritious and healthy, and reasonably familiar. It also should be omnivore, but with the possibility of being vegetarian, vegan, or even carnivore without coming up short on nutrition. Another aspect that I think will be very important is that if human waste is used, and it almost certainly has to, bad smells must be minimized, or it will be miserable in the spacecraft. I have a solution there, but again, I don't want to alter the input of others.
Living the DREAM!
We can watch a "bubbling" star that is much closer - our Sun.
question for q&a. If we could teleport to a world 100 light years away from earth could we detect us?
A cheap hand held radio would expose us and the Lone Ranger I listened to in my youth 😊
BepiColombo having to go to Mercury a bunch of times before it goes to Mercury makes my ADHD self happy
Betelgeuse bubbles ferociously, so I'm not surprised other large giants bubbling like cRAzy.. cA 😅
So a couple years ago I visited the Hobby-Eberly observatory in west Texas and they were just commissioning the HET-DEX experiment/survey. It sounded really interesting because their investigation falls somewhere in between the CMB and Planck surveys. I haven't been able to find anything on its status or results, though. Was it a flop? Is it still ongoing? Can you interview anyone from that team? That would be so cool.
The Sun and space weather are always good topics. I'm not sure how a Mars crewed mission is going to handle the radiation and space weather.
Hey, Fraser! I have a question that has been boggling my mind for over a year now: why exosolar gas giants around Sun-like stars have such wildly eccentric orbits, even if there is only one planet in the system and there are virtually no other massive objects to affect its orbital motion and evolution?
SHOW IDEA: Serious proposals for manned missions to solar system objects other than Mars and the Moon. Clouds of Venus is acceptable, but that has been covered before so it would be nice to get something completely new (asteroids, Titan, etc...)
Issue is that the mission plan is very similar for almost every object in our solar system
Gemini 4 had to depressurize for first space walk. Suit a bit more bulky no modern insulators but not the modern bulk either. But let him go out on umbilical cord with hand held thruster unit.
not so much an interview, but can you do a rundown of what comes next for low earth orbit after the iss gets deorbited? axiom??
Would the Gaya-Enceladus merger be responsible for the starburst activity we see evidence of circa 7-8 bya? Ex, that Australian meteorite that I looked up a couple weeks ago and already forgot the name of, the distribution of nearby stellar ages, etc?
And this brings me back to this lingering issue I have with the giant impact hypothesis for the axial tilt of Uranus. Clearly, knocking over SagA* was not enough to drag the galaxy along with it. Is the scale just that different with planets and moons? Does the structure change things substantially? Just, the whole thing seems fishy. Isn't the ecliptic 6^o above the Solar equator, and 60^o from the galactic equator? But Uranus got knocked over nearly 90^o and it still has moons more or less on the same plane? Something about this just confuses me.
Not sure how I went from trying to match up evidence of the ancient history of the galaxy to "and that's why we should probe Uranus," but here we are. :/
In response to your call for topics at the end - I participate in the community science project Einstein@Home by using my computer to process data captured from gravitation wave observatories around the world. Can you explain how this works as many observatories are used in conjunction with each other to pinpoint wave sources. Also, regarding gravitational wave pulsar array observations, can more any info be determined other than that the waves exist, a bit like a buoy bobbing around the ocean. As this is a really new science capability, I am sure many new discoveries are in the offing.
One topic could be "growing plants in space" Is someone trying to simulate soil or regolith and trying to grow or keep plants alive using it here on earth or the ISS? Does a field of study exist to figure out and prepare people to do this? What is it called? Is there an extremophile that could be taken, multiplied and used to blanket patches of areas in the lunar regolith to eventually make soil?
Did Elon mention the humans were supposed to be living? Dumping corpses should be way easier and it would at least be "humans on Mars".
Be careful what you ask for...
Actually, sending hospice patients seems like an ethical option, except they're sick and need care. And sending people who want to unalive would probably be seen as unethical
Do fetuses (or is it feti) count as humans?
I think the first trip should be midgets. Higher headcount to weight ratio
Would an entry to Mars need the heat shield? I know it will need it for coming back to Earth, but if you're sending a rocket to Mars to land an not intended to re-launch, like you intend for it to be taken apart to be used as material for a Mars base, would they make one without the shield?
cool but under-reported topic: astrophysical masers
A lot of SETI research assumes powerful narrowband signals are rare in nature, so they look for powerful narrowband signals, especially around hydrogen lines. But astrophysical masers transmit powerful narrowband signals, especially around hydrogen lines, since many contain hydrogen. Also, creating solar-pumped synthetic astrophysical masers could be one means of achieving space based solar power with long range transmission built into the power generation mechanism directly, so it's interesting if you like megastructure engineering theories like stellasers, Nicholl-Dyson beams, laser highways, kugelblitz factories, death stars, and so on. Finally, giant space lasers are just cool in general, regardless of whether they're naturally occurring or not.
I remember reading an account from an astronaut from the 60s, I believe, who wrote: then I felt/saw the speed. The 17000 km/h…. 😅
He was terrified.
Simple I know but a deep dive/expert on how when and where has water been created and distributed in the universe.
For me it doesn't count as a spacewalk unless the entire body are outside of the vehicle. Leaning out of a window is cool, I admit that, but it is hardly a spacewalk in my opinion.
How do they plan the expansion of capabilities on projects like LIGO or the LHC? Do they know in advance what they are going to do, or do they have a team always looking for new advancements that can be added?
How do scientists determine which experiments to conduct on projects like Europa Clipper or JWST? How do they decide what scientific questions need to be addressed and what will have to wait for future missions? Additionally, how do they select the appropriate instruments for these experiments?
How much time theoretically does it take to all the material circled out through the whole planet due to it's movements on the WASP-76b?
I would love to hear about theoretical models of black hole mergers and what’s been learned about them from LIGO. After a merger are there still multiple orbiting singularities within a single event horizon? Can event horizons overlap and then separate if the centers of the black holes are in interesting orbits, or is there a certain distance at which two singularities just *bing* become one?
isn't NASA ever so lucky that the names of their spacecraft names make such neat acronyms....
I was always surprised they didin't crowbar New Horizons into an acronym.
Nit: Technically Starliner did have thruster issues on the way down. One thruster in particular went offline. But Starliner's redundant thrusters took over and the mission was completed successfully. So you cannot quite say that Starliner returned without incident...
But you can say it returned without failure! 😅
@jamesmnguyen - I agree that it returned on target and redundancies worked as designed. I wouldn't agree that it had no failures. It simply had no fatal failures.
Wouldn't a quake on a star be referred to as a starquake, just like the novel by Robert L. Forward? I read this book years back and was an excellent read.
Why did the space x team not each spend a couple of minutes properly outside the capsule?
Once they’re all suited up & the hatch is open what is the extra cost/risk?
🤔
After only 5 minutes of minimal activity in the shade the suits were at 33 C (93 F). You won’t see this version of the EVA suit again.
i would like to know more about people looking into growing food in space and when shipping food up to the astronauts will be overtaken by growing food in space. we are obviously not there yet, but would something like starship, or number of them, being uses as rotating farm habitats or what the plans for growing food on the moon are. i cant be the only one thinking about food production in the upcoming decades with what i see as an inevitable growth in off earth population.
Question, with the tidally locked WASP planet, how can cooler material flow back to the star facing side with that same star blasting that side like a blowtorch?
3:07 Is there some reason the telescopes in this array look so randomly placed? They just look like they were tossed like a bunch of dice all over the dessert instead of being lined up in neat rows like we usually see with arrays.
After doing some reading, it seems different telescope configurations have different benefits for the astronomers, yes, they can move those antennas (with big trucks!) The exact details on what changes for each config is not apparent to me. I assume it's to avoid noise, or something.
Scans were made with what? I didn't understand it. What large millimeter telescope?
Would you agree to sit in a capsule and perform re-entry when the capsule is known to have issues with its thrusters? Luck is not a factor here. If there is a plausible chance it will fail, you don't put people on it.