The World Wide Web: Crash Course Computer Science #30
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 13 сен 2024
- Today we’re going to discuss the World Wide Web - not to be confused with the Internet, which is the underlying plumbing for the web as well as other networks. The World Wide Web is built on the foundation of simply linking pages to other pages with hyperlinks, but it is this massive interconnectedness that makes it so powerful. But before the web could become a thing, Tim Berners-Lee would need to invent the web browser at CERN, and search engines would need to be created to navigate these massive directories of information. By the mid 1990’s we will see the rise of Yahoo and Google and monolithic websites like Ebay and Amazon, forming the web we know today. But before we end our unit on the Internet we want to take a moment to discuss the implications of Net Neutrality, and its potential to shape the Internet's future.
Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: / pbsdigitalstudios
Want to know more about Carrie Anne?
about.me/carri...
The Latest from PBS Digital Studios: • All PBS Digital Studio...
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - / youtubecrash. .
Twitter - / thecrashcourse
Tumblr - / thecrashcourse
Support Crash Course on Patreon: / crashcourse
CC Kids: / crashcoursekids
![Eminem - Fuel (Shady Edition) feat. Westside Boogie & GRIP [Official Audio]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/k1OquBida9s/mqdefault.jpg)
The world wide web is what got me into computer science. A friend showed me the basics of writing HTML in 1994 during my Freshman year if college. I changed majors and have been a web delevoper ever since.
Dear everyone who helped with these videos,
I'm amazed at how awesome your videos are. I'm so amazed, that I'm sad now that I have to wait a whole other week for a new episode. I've been binge watching these episodes for almost a week and a half now.
Also, Carrie Ann, you're such a great person and teacher. Please don't ever quit explaining things. Or talking. I love everything about the way you convey information in these videos.
Dear Carrie, I really like the way you pace your videos - normally I can't stay focused on a technical video but yours are great - my attention is held and i am remembering what I learn - thank you!
The issue with the claim that competition would discourage bad behavior among ISPs is that they often operate as oligopolies and/or local monopolies. When you only have one or two choices of where to get your internet, it's very easy for a small handful of corporations to collude for their mutual benefit, working against the consumer's best interests. If you look at two of the most unpopular industries in America, cable companies and airlines, you can see the oligopoly model in effect. When Comcast and Time Warner only have to worry about competing with each other, it's not difficult to see why both can get away with treating their customers poorly.
[This comment have been revoked by the ISP]
The issue you brought up was created by the government restricting ISP competition. Net neutrality calls for the governemnt to fix a problem created by the government.
Market forces will discourage bad behavior? Not in a regional monopoly.
Not in a free market at all!
+
@@ramdattaropemaker9009Why not?
@@undsoft Because look at Google Fiber not even Google could get the proper permits to run Fiber in a few cities, all the lobbiest bullied them out.
Could you imagine a normal group of people attempting to join the market? not only that the large upfront cost of setting up internet infrastructure, the market isn't free because no one can compete so there is no competition and if someone starts to act poorly to the customer they have no choice but to take it.
This is why Internet needs to be regulated like a utility and up until trump it was... Sadly Trump appointed a Verizon lobbiest to be the head of the regulators of the ISP's (FCC) and he killed net neutrality.
Is this Trump joke still funny, guys?
"Would leave their ISP and get another." good one.
How great are these vids! And Carrie-Anne is awesome!
This series is just amazing. Thank you Crash Course :)
I sincerely appreciate the effort you put into creating these informative videos! I love learning and I firmly believe the basic concepts that you explain should be common knowledge in todays highly digitalized world. Once again, I extend my heartfelt thanks for your invaluable contributions.
It probably would've been a good idea to point out that HTML files are divided into and . The stuff you see on the "webpage" are all encapsulated in the tag. Meanwhile, the sends implicit information to your browser like the webpage's title, author, and other metadata like language scripts (UTF-18, etc.) that helps the browser understand and render webpages properly.
You mean . is meant to be a tag for layouts which essentially functions like a div but operates better with screenreaders for accessibility.
+blauerninja
To be completely pedantic, was actually made optional in HTML5. You can write, e.g.
Page Title
Some paragraph text
and that completely conforms to the HTML5 specification (but not HTML4), even though there's no tag, and even more disgustingly, appears outside of a scope!
Furthermore, was introduced in HTML2, and so is not one of the 17 tags in original HTML that Carrie referred to, and seemed to restrict herself to using in the examples.
Yup, that last bit is the important bit. Historically, these are the only HTML tags that existed when HTML was first created:
www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/Tags.html
Someone here has spent a few hours on codecademy
Seriously speaking, this stuff is unnecessary for her purpose, which was to simply have some basic output on the browser, for the newbies' pleasure. In fact, she didn't even enclosed the paragraph in a p tag. She only used a few html tags which have a visual effect on the page.
Gopher never gets any love. Poor little guy. Thank you for distinguishing between Web and Internet.
I love gopher... while it can't do advanced things, theres a lot to appreciate about its consistent interface and lack of bloat.
Kevin Froman I like gopher too. But alongside HyperCard and Lynx it gets left behind in any conversation of historical hypertext.
The argument that customers would providers that played fair would work if most people actually had a choice in provider.
Where are you posting from? In the small town where I live, there's a wide choice of providers, even though there's only a single network of connections.
donciclon yeah I only have two
I'd like to point out some of the flaws in the competition argument:
1. the EU tried it for about a year or two...it didn't go well
2. some ISPs have virtual monopolies of coverage in some places where they have no competition
3. even with competition bigger richer companies still have an advantage they can pay to prioritise themselves
4. un-throttling a website could be seen as a business opportunity likely only doing so in pricier networking plans
5. if ISPs ACTUALLY believed this argument repealing net neutrality would change literally nothing to them the rule change would be inconsequential and they wouldn't be lobbying the goverment so hard to get rid of it
Carrie Anne you are GLOWING!
CARRIE ANNE SLAYS THE GAMEE!!
@@lillaxo_ MY QUEEEEEN!!! carrie anne you dropped this 👑.
God, I remember learning this stuff in, what, the year 2000? 1999? The high school I went to INTRODUCED a Computer Studies subject that taught this stuff. No other school in the area did. I didn't think much of it at the the time, but my school really was ahead of its time.
Just wanted to say how helpful and well made this series has been. I never comment on Videos, so you know how much I think of CCCS :) Thanks!
As a lifelong web developer, it pains me to suddenly realize that I am literally as old as HTML itself, and older than all search engines...
...I thought I wasn't supposed to feel old until at least age 30?
You and your team are amazing! Thanks for sharing!
When have market forces ever actually discouraged bad behavior?
If you escalate bad behavior, it eventually works. You usually need to directly affect your customers first, though. And they need other easily-accessible options if you want the market forces to act quickly.
Never. Look up the Crash Course Economics video on Externalities.
In theory it would in a perfectly competitive market. Most markets today (and especially the ISP market) are not perfectly competitive, indeed the ISP market is an oligopoly.
Timothy McLean Except there is no competition for ISPs to begin with. The telecommunications and information market has long been rum by these companies that work together to reduce competition by dividing up the country into regions where only one service is available. It allows them to rake in money hand over foot while disregarding any form of customer service.
Rarely
Those videos are saving me a ton of time for tomorrow's test. Thanks a lot, Crash Course.
You are such a wonderful teacher
It's bizarre to me that you decided to present net neutrality ... Naturally.
All puns aside, net neutrality is essential to a healthy internet. Even with net neutrality in place, ISPs have been caught violating it for their own financial gains.
Competition takes care of it if the government stays out of it. Unfortunately, the government grants ISPs monopolies, so this is an example of asking government to fix a problem created by government.
It's fabulous that they've, unlike many a RUclips channels, provided two sides to the question of net neutrality.
For the anchor, you should put quotation marks around the klingon language URL.
Another oddity I spotted was the sample page address, ending "/courses" without any specification of filetype. That suggests it's really the name of a folder, not an actual page.
+PastPresented Yeah, but that's common practice for hyperlinks to lead to folders with an index file. I wouldn't say it's an oddity, but yeah could be slightly misleading if someone knows nothing about the subject.
+PastPresented +snowdudelester or it could be a site that says "since we don't allow folder indexing, anyway, we may as well alias 'no file type' to '.html'" - especially common in sites that have a single gateway program and have something like this at the very bottom of their rewrite list (in apache):
RewriteRule /(.*) /content.php?page=$1
Yes it could, but as an example of how html (by itself, and, by implication of the preceding couple of sentences in the narration, as originally conceived) works, that's not helpful.
The point is that thecrashcourse.com/courses is the *actual* url of their example page - thecrashcourse.com/courses.html gives a (custom) 404 error.
So I was just speculating as to why.
Great video! This is the stuff my professor was talking about in my CS class last week. Also I hope you guys can make a separate video about net neutrality.
You mention competition as a possible discouragement for bad behavior but do not bring up that there is often at best little to no alternatives to customers, especially at cable or fiber speeds.
When you say switches it makes me smile. :) pretty great.
5:00 Should be quotation marks around the URL.
The thing is in some places the ISPs are a duopoly. And they collude on pricing and net speeds etc.
kd1s Or even rural areas some have monopolies
we love you carrie anne! your videos are SO HELPFUL!
I really enjoy learning from her. She's a bit quicker than she needs to be, but other than that I'm very engaging in her presentation.
Market forces and ISPs. That's a good one.
"I want to reiterate, this is just conjecture."
If there were to be some kind of anti-alchohol legislation passed, Al Capone could make a lot of money from illegal booze sales, and probably wouldn't want to declare that money on his tax returns. This is just pure conjecture, though.
Matthew Mather I mean, _technically_ we don't know what a lack of net neutrality in an uncontrolled market would do. We're just confident about what would benefit corporations, which lines up with what they were lining up patents for once the future of net neutrality started to be questioned. It's more like "Our models indicate that it wouldn't be healthy to visit Mars without a space suit, but this is just conjecture."
Yeah, it's not conjecture. Comcast has been caught several times violating net neutrality. This whole public push for Net Neutrality rules started in 2013 when they throttled Netflix for all of their customers until Netflix paid a ransom.
icedragon769 yep. They essentially blackmailed netflix
Yup, that was a mess. I was working for another ISP at the time that was happening and unofficial word at the water cooler was they were waiting to see how the case turned out before they decided to whether or not to try something similar. It's not just Comcast. It's ALL the ISPs that need to be dealt with, but Comcast is pretty much the leader in unpopular decision making that other ISPs watch and learn what they can get away with.
It was repealed. Nothing happened. Comcast would be really dumb to throttle websites, given they have a lot more competitors these days than they used to. People would obviously just switch ISPs, and any ISP who didn't would have guaranteed customers. I know some people can't switch, and that's a huge problem (although luckily shrinking due to satellite and cellular based ISPs), but it's a separate issue with totally unrelated solutions.
This series is amazing
My Uni has a room named K404, which is fittingly notoriously hard to find for new students.
"A tad more complicated". Understatement of the century
I think net neutrality could have been it's own video or just a tiny comment... a political and philosophical 4x4 just hit me in the face after a load of raw facts...
It probably should be its own thing, since it's a bit complex but I do commend CC's attempt to tie history and technical info into current events--it's all related and important. But I won't pretend that both sides of the argument are equally valid here.
I'm just the guy who doesn't want all of the keys to net neutrality in the government or any dedicated government branch. They might be neutral in the proper setting, but all it takes is time, and corruption can make it not so neutral anymore.
So you trust the greedy corporate ISPs instead?
Agreed; whilst it's nice to initiate a discussion, this is supposed to be a purely informative series, and so such additions start to date the video over time, when perhaps net neutrality is a topic of discussion lost to history.
I don't trust either of them.
Mr. Smith, as proof of my work I've timestamped all my answers.
Question 1 - 0:17
Question 2 - 0:29
Question 3 - 0:33
Question 4 - 2:52
Question 5 - 3:02
Question 6 - 4:14
Question 7 - 4:44
Question 10 - 4:56
Question 9 - 6:07
Question 10 - 6:31
Question 11 - 7:59
Question 12 - 8:49
Question 13 - 9:31
amazing video! keep up the good work!
As a web developer, I love this video. :D
Have you ever tried to cancel an ISP or cable? Its not easy.
The wave diagram in the back changed. It's pointy now.
If I had a choice in internet provider, do you think I would be paying $70/month for 10 Mbps? The US internet industry is uncompetitive in many places.
In Spain, we pay the same for 300mbps simmetrical (so 300mbps down, 300mbps up). And that's with each company (mostly foreign companies) setting up its own fiber network infrastructure; they only borrow lines from the national company for long-reach ADSL. We get 20mbps ADSL for around 30 dollars at out summer home.
Oh, and that's for commitment-less contracts; one-year contracts are even cheaper.
What does it mean CSS and Javascript can be "embedded" into HTML pages? What exactly is Javascript and CSS in relation to HTML?
It used to be , with and tags to add styling (colors, size, position etc of text and other content of the web page) and behaviors (click events, animation, even game mechanics)
directly into html files, it's considered a bad practice now days, the css and js files are external to the html file so they can be edited separately. (also a lot more flexible)
I like the design of that spider.
Here's a very basic yet common interview question for getting into the IT industry:
Explain the difference between HTTP and HTML.
Better know the difference, lol.
Still no time for some Ted Nelson love? Ah well. Looking forward to next time.
I watched and clicked on the add to support you!
Need some Quotes around those HTML Links. The Net Neutrality probably could have been left out and more information about the web could have been used for more Web info. Apple's Hypercard Released in 1987 could have been the first web browser, but apple never saw its potential.
Not in HTML 0.a :)
we will move yet another level of abstraction but no abstraction level animation... oh no, I am not prepared for this :)
Way to go Carrie Anne!
Could you explain web development furthur please? The way you put it makes it so much easier to wrap your head around complex matters. If you could talk about the corporate languages or whatever they are supposed to be called like React, Angular, twitter bootstrap and why they were made available it would be so amazing. You are making smarts sexy again btw.
I like it
Awesome 👏 job
"Would leave their ISP and get another." Like who? The big boys have it locked up, and they don't play fair. You are stuck with one ISP, maybe 2 if your lucky.
Disappointed that Crash Course didn't come down firmly as pro net neutrality.
They're being funded in part by PBS that's why, lol.
I'm proud they did it as they did.
Yep, it is an inherent flaw to knowledgeable and respectable opinions. Promoting a well informed debate often tends to ignore the fact that one of the many sides will scream out plain lies and fallacies and try to sell them as valid arguments. However, if they came out as pro-anything, they will only be doing the same thing they are actually trying to avoid. A paradox indeed, damn this human condition.
The wisest voice is usually the least heard and the one with the least interest in being heard.
Isn't basic education's function to teach information while being less influential to the decision making of the student? Isn't the goal to allow the student to think and make conclusions themselves from a perspective that would ultimately help themselves? I think what you desire is brainwashing, responsive programming, and propaganda. I love that the information is presented with simplified pros and cons, while simultaneous acknowledging the scope of the limitations presented and assumptions.
Garrett, that's not really what happened though, CC was overly kind to the anti-NN side. The idea that QoS is a "pro" for the anti-NN side is preposterous. ISPs can and do (and should) throttle traffic based on data/application TYPE. Live video and real-time applications (e.g. gaming) should be given priority over something like email. NN doesn't seek to take that away. NN seeks to prevent ISPs from throttling traffic based on factors such as source, subscriber, and content TYPE, which as you can understand is fertile ground for abuse. This is equivalent to the argument that "Obama is coming to take all of yer guns away!!!" Sorry but the "both sides ALWAYS have a valid point" nonsense drives me nuts.
Incredible...Thank you!
Any sources to learn more about this topic proficiently for a frontend developer.
I know you avoided talking about persons but I would love to see what you'd make for Radia Perlman and the Spanning Tree Protocol.
5 years later and net neutrality is still an issue
Interesting video and information given, thanks.
The idea that both sides of any argument have an equally valid point is a fallacy, and drives me nuts. I understand CC wants to be neutral and let people think for themselves but in this case, CC was overly kind to the anti-NN side. The idea that traffic shaping/QoS is a "pro" for the anti-NN side is preposterous. ISPs can and do (and should) throttle traffic based on data/application TYPE. Live video and real-time applications (e.g. gaming) should be given priority over something like email. NN doesn't want to take that away. NN prevents ISPs from throttling traffic based on factors such as source (partners vs others), subscriber status (unsubscribed, subscribed, premium, etc), and content TYPE (such as political viewpoints that special interest groups dislike), which as you can understand is fertile ground for abuse. This is equivalent to the ridiculous scare tactic of shouting "Obama is coming to take ALL of yer guns away!!!"
I know CC wants to be neutral and present two sides to any particular issue, and let people figure it out for themselves but NN is not a good example. The recent anti-NN crusade is pushed by lobbyists influencing politicians, and supported mostly by fear mongering. Most people see right through the "BUT, FREE MARKET" argument because the monopolies are pretty obvious, but I do worry that some people will think that anti-NNers are *actually* interested in "speeding up the Internet."
Missed a lot of ideas on Net Neutrality. Should have been its own video.
Worf is proficient with the Bat'leth but his weapon of choice was the Mek'leth dammit!
"This is just conjecture"
*nudge nudge wink wink*
thankyou for the information
I appreciate the effort to be (heh) neutral in this debate but I do think it crosses a line into being objectively misleading to present the claim "you can quit your ISP if you don't like their practices" without mentioning the fact that in many areas certain ISPs are monopolies with no competitors. Sometimes it really isn't a "one side says this but the other says this" thing, especially when one side is being deliberately misleading...
Four and twenty blackbirds, baked in a pie. ;-)
you are awesome
رائع كلام مبني على علم
2:25 was genius
Great seriees *___* thank youuu ^____^
Can you do a literature video next about Great Expectations?
Good informative video
html was a simplification of sgml, developed by the DoD, so it's incorrect to say http was developed for the worldwide web. Markup languages, it could be said, really evolved from copyediting and compositing/phototypesetting, or for that matter, hot metal typesetting.
That moment when you realize your learning about a topic to do it all yourself and not have terrible internet, in the middle of nowhere.
it's not conjecture, Comcast throttled netflix to get more money out of them.
Cool
1990 for the first spec? Hmm. It'd be interesting to try to write some really early spec HTML and see what happens in a current browser.
A byte - something I can really get my teeth into.
TMR Teckk bit by bit
Gert Brink Nielsen Hahaha definitely.
Another major danger of killing net neutrality is the potential for ISPs to throttle the content of sites they don't like for political reasons. You could have one ISP with a conservative owner throttling left wing sites, one with a liberal owner throttling right wing ones. You could have companies with ownership from China or Russia throttling information on stories about them to spin it one way. The implications are far-reaching and extremely dangerous.
Help! I'm stuck inside here and there's lots of spiders 🙄
These spiders are actually just robots
Robot spiders!
Throw anchor at them!
episodes 4 & 20 blaze it
I am really glad to hear you offered the con side of the net neutrality debate. I've come to expect a very socialist and big government leaning from Crash Course commentary, and pretty much anything presented or influenced by the Vlogbros. When you started talking about net neutrality, I expected you to simply say something like "without net neutrality, unscrupulous ISPs could control what you see and how, and no one really wants that, do they? Moving on..."
I would like to see Carrie Anne taking a quiz after finish this course!
Let see how much she learned!
But was the gooey interface written in visual basic?
404: Comment not found
MIKERINO 101: LOL
I would have really felt better if you had kept the net-neutrality bit out. This should be a series on how computers and the internet work, not how companies are treating the infrastructure.
I am pro Net-Neutrality, but this is not the forum for it.
Why dont we use domain names directly rather than 8 bit ip addresses. Both are unique anyways?
But shouldn't the video packets take priority over an email?
In theory, we would shop around the ISPs. In practice, oligolopies rule the United States and form local monopolies.
7:08 TFW when the best one (NGINX) isn't mentioned
Waiting for crash course linguistics :’) Anyone else??
Did you change your schedule? I wait eagerly for the episodes every week on Wednesday..
What's going on? :(
5:25 The blue line in the background isn't moving???
Anyone else notice the anchor tag at around 5 minutes was missing " " around the href? lol
We're going surfin' on the internet.
I dont know at what speed you are talking but if you could slow down to let say 1200 baud that would be wonderfull
Can you explain what ports are
9:12 Your URL for University of Illinois is out of date. We're re-branding, so our shortened name changed from "UIUC" to "Illinois".
If the old addresses don't redirect to the new ones, they messed up. I hate when old sites link to urls that get redirect to homepages. Adds an extra wayback to what should be one click navigation.