11. Mughal Art & Architecture | Art and Culture

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Mughal architecture refers to the Indo-Islamic architecture built by the Mughal emperors in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries across the Indian subcontinent as their empire grew and transformed. It derived from preceding Muslim rulers’ styles of architecture in India, as well as Iranian and Central Asian architectural legacies, especially Timurid architecture. During the reign of Akbar (1556 - 1605), it also assimilated and synthesised ideas from broader Indian architecture. Large bulbous domes, thin minarets at corners, vast halls, large arched doorways, and exquisite ornamentation are all hallmarks of Mughal architecture, that can be found in modern day Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.
The Mughal empire was created after Babur’s victory at Panipat in 1526. During his five-year rule, Babur was a keen builder, yet few of his structures have survived. Akbar, his grandson, built much, and the style flourished under his rule. Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri Fort City, and the Buland Darwaza were one of his achievements. The Shalimar Gardens in Kashmir were commissioned by Akbar’s son Jahangir. During the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan, who built the Taj Mahal, the Jama Masjid, the Shalimar Gardens of Lahore, the Wazir Khan Mosque, and reconstructed the Lahore Fort, Mughal architecture achieved its pinnacle. Aurangzeb, the last of the great Mughal architects, designed the Badshahi Mosque, Bibi Ka Maqbara, and Moti Masjid, among other structures.
The Mughal empire was created after Babur’s victory at Panipat in 1526. During his five-year rule, Babur was a keen builder, yet few of his structures have survived. Akbar, his grandson, built much, and the style flourished under his rule. Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri Fort City, and the Buland Darwaza were one of his achievements. The Shalimar Gardens in Kashmir were commissioned by Akbar’s son Jahangir. During the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan, who built the Taj Mahal, the Jama Masjid, the Shalimar Gardens of Lahore, the Wazir Khan Mosque, and reconstructed the Lahore Fort, Mughal architecture achieved its pinnacle. Aurangzeb, the last of the great Mughal architects, designed the Badshahi Mosque, Bibi Ka Maqbara, and Moti Masjid, among other structures.
Agra Fort
In Agra, Uttar Pradesh, the Agra Fort is a World Heritage site. Between 1565 and 1574, Akbar constructed the majority of the Agra fort. The fort’s architecture demonstrates the liberal use of Rajput designing and building techniques
Humayun’s Tomb
Humayun’s mausoleum is a tomb in Delhi, India, of the Mughal Emperor Humayun. Empress Begum (also referred to as Haji Begum), Humayun’s first wife and primary consort, commissioned the monument in 1569-70 and had it planned by Persian architects Mirak Mirza Ghiyas and his son, Sayyid Muhammad.
Fatehpur Sikri
The building of Fatehpur Sikri, Akbar’s capital city close to Agra, at a commercial and Jain pilgrimage centre, was his finest architectural feat. The fortified city’s construction began in 1569 and was finished in 1574.
Tomb of Salim Chisti
Salim Chishti’s Tomb, built between 1580 and 1581, is regarded as one of India’s greatest specimens of Mughal architecture.
Begum Shahi Mosque
The Begum Shahi Mosque is a mosque in the fortified City of Lahore, Pakistan, dating from the early seventeenth century. The mosque was erected in tribute to Mughal Emperor Jahangir’s mother during 1611 and 1614, and it is Lahore’s oldest surviving instance of a Mughal-era mosque. Tomb of I’timād-ud-Daulah
The mausoleum of Itimd-ud-Daulah is a tomb in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. The mausoleum of I’timd-ud-Daulah is commonly said to as a “jewel box” and is often referred to as the “Bachcha Taj.”
Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was erected in remembrance of King Shah Jahan’s favourite wife Mumtaz Mahal between 1630 and 1649.
Bibi ka Maqbara
King Aurangzeb constructed Bibi Ka Maqbara in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, in the late 1700s as a loving monument to his first spouse, Dilras Bano Begum. According to other stories, it was afterwards taken care of by Azam Shah, Aurangzeb’s son.
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