The Science Of Nukes
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- Опубликовано: 4 окт 2024
- Today I go over the chemistry and physics of the atomic bomb. Primarily it will be how the Manhattan Project did it! I also added the chemistry of extraction and refinement which normally people don't go over.
Sources:
www.nrc.gov/re...
www.nuclear-po...
www.osti.gov/o...
www.nps.gov/ar...
www.osti.gov/o...
www.civilsdail...
www.nrc.gov/do...
ahf.nuclearmus...
www.nps.gov/ar...
www.sciencedir...
nuclearinnovat...
chem.libretext...
chem.libretext...
chem.libretext...
chem.libretext...
www.britannica...
en.wikipedia.o...
www.orano.grou...
world-nuclear....
www.nps.gov/ar...
chem.libretext...
chem.libretext...
www.osti.gov/o...
nuclear.mcmast...
blog.nuclearse...
chem.libretext...
world-nuclear....
www.nps.gov/ma...
• Trinity Test HD Colour...
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It's kind of misleading to call gas centrifuges "garbage", seeing as how they are both more effective and more efficient than any other means of isotopic separation and have almost entirely replaced them. It's more accurate to say that the technology just wasn't sufficiently mature yet at the time of the Manhattan Project and wouldn't be for another decade or so.
I did say at the time but I can put a note to not cause any confusion! :)
think i missed it too. separation centrifuges are engineering art unbelievable precision and balancing.
And then Stuxnet 🤣
They didn't have the process perfected during the early days of the Manhattan Project.
Thank you dad, now I know what to do with my Uranium
congrats on being invited to the watch list!
Only small cities this time, son. 🙏🙏
@@chemdelic - Cool, let's make U235 mixed with meth. hehe
Clean your room first.
Maury Povich: "you ARE the father!"
Will there be a lab session on this content by any chance?
😅
Cool let's make U235 mixed with meth. hehe
Cool, let's make U235 mixed with meth. hehe
David Hahn style "anatomy of smoke detectors" :^)
I would love to have one
That subtle 'Demon Core reference' really made my day!
Sharp low key wit, perfectly executed just makes me look forward to the next one. Thanks for the great video!
Very interesting and well-made video, it's nice to see you cover the more technical side of chemistry :)
Thank you very much!
If only RUclips was around for the Nuclear Boy Scout, RIP!
Hello there, great video. One small correction: In the little boy gun type bomb, they actually shot the hollow torus into the cylindrical target. It is counterintuitive, but the "bullet" looking thing actually stayed still. This is because they used a gun barrel, and you had to have a constant diameter, so the larger diameter was used as the "bullet".
that so brilliantly simple and logical! and yet I still always followed the current narrative until you pointed that out, I probably even should have known that from watching all the periscope films but still, the common narrative took precedence in my understanding.
Thanks for making a point of this, will always remember a better understanding from now for which I am very grateful!
I think the craziest think about the gun type design was how inefficient it was do to how quickly the nuclear reaction occurred once the two subcritical parts became critical before the entirety of the two part were completely together.
Would've liked more on plutonium metallurgy, core manufacturing, metal phases etc.
The device that was scaled up to build the Y-12 plant was a CALUTRON, not a cyclotron.
Party popper was SOOO careful to never say "urinate"...
Great video, one of the best I've seen on the subject. Not to much, not to little. I'd love to see you do a H-bomb video. Thank you for your time and work.
I love this Deep Dive video format. I'm all for content like this. -The more I've been learning about our power grid, the more i realize that modern nuclear energy options are our best option. Small form reactors, LFTRs, Thorium Reactors, molten salt reactors. Utilizing our advanced technology, Improved engineering & material science. Utilizing our greater understanding of safety & well made designs. We have so much more advanced computer technology & robotics that can be used. It feels like even tho tons of advancement has occurred with engineering designs, safety measures, etc. It still doesn't matter to most people. It's like most people are ingrained with a natural negative response when talking about nuclear energy. It's a bummer because i truly believe that our best option for our future is to start utilizing Modern advanced nuclear energy options in our electrical grid. It's just proving to be challenging to get politicians to get on board.
It will really allow places to be much more energy independent. Less reliant on fossil fuels. They'll have efficient, stable electrical grids. Enough to power desalination plants and the rest of the grid could experiment with alternative power sources, etc.
We need to heal from the trauma of our past. See & learn that those things only happened solely from Us not understanding what we were doing when it came to nuclear energy at the time. We didn't have advanced enough technology, material science, engineering, safety measures, understanding of how to go about everything, etc. This source of energy will greatly help the world improve towards the future and lowering emissions. More than anything else could, while also providing a very stable electrical grid system. Currently we have alternative energy options but the majority of our grid is powered off of fossil fuels and emission producing sources of energy. We will be so much better going forward commiting to modern advanced nuclear energy options.
You did A-Bombs, so of course you gotta do H-Bombs now!
it would be offensive for him not to....
Wow dude. I've been watching you from the start, when the algorithm first blessed you.
You've come a long way, keep up the good work.
This was an amazing presentation bro. The demon core joke you threw in there was epic 😭 it would be dope if you do a deep dive into particle physics. The strong and weak nuclear forces and the behaviors of quarks, leptons, gluons etc. I think since electron orbitals and bonding is that part of chemistry that crosses into quantum mechanics it would be a cool lecture to hear from you. Cheers!
ruclips.net/video/WkpD8xKU148/видео.htmlsi=wyAgsV40lQKZjHD_
Amazing work! Would definitely watch the hydrogen bomb video
That was delightful and felt weirdly apocalyptic with the calm way he just explained every step to creating the most destructive weapon ever used, I love it.
Excellent presentation! I especially enjoyed the physics and particularly the chemistry of isotopic separation. I've always thought I understood the basic process, but your video is qualitatively the difference between being shown how to cut a cake and how to bake a cake. It's amazing the way some of this methodology was derived by people who had no help from modern computing devices. Anyway, my compliments.
"Not my problem" was a beautiful piece of satire. 😂
Thanks for today's very informative lesson, daddy. Very nice touch using the Oppenheimer, you're really killing it with your videos.
Do a demenstration in the lab
Edit: The ATF and every other 3 letter agencie been real silent since this 🤯
This is the first in many, many clips I’ve seen on the methods of uranium enrichment that actually explains it to a very understandable level. Excellent work.
How do they know exactly where each isotope will end up after it travels through the magnetic field?
You don’t exactly, the collection area can be a ring, for example. As for knowing where to position it - you can calculate it from the mass difference and the known field strength :)
This the first time I heard anyone describe the "urchin". I thought it was classified, but maybe they recently declassified some of the details? I'm sure they dont want people/nation states to figure out how the "fuze" of an abomb works. Cool video im subscribed!
Spectacular video. You really outdid yourself here.
Congratulations! Finally, a RUclips video that is 100% correct on the science behind the atomic bombs.
Very informative and easy to understand, would like to see one on thermonuclear weapons
I’d just like to say thank you so much for making content. I love watching your videos for fun and your really great at making videos (at least in my opinion).
Very well made. Always wished they would teach some of this in undergraduate level courses. At least the very least to teach about radioactivity and nuclear power.
Excellent. First time I see a fission products spectrum and a fission energy spectrum in a nuke video. Congrats. Also, it outraged me that in "Oppenheimer" they reduced Oak Ridge and Handford titanic effort to a bowl of marbles.
Adding another hour to the movie would have outraged us more 😂
@@playgroundchooser Good point. Well, they could have used the Lewis Strauss declaration hour...
@@MaxCarponera lololllll OK, now I want that instead
Hey thank you, I rolled my eyes at first, but glad I persisted. Well done. An analogy I have heard used before is that chemical reactions are something has a reaction which turns into something fast. Nuclear is almost like gutting an atom (nothing is converting) crude and not entirely true, I know, but it gives the picture that they totally different to what ppl think of what is happening in the explosion. Arm chair general here, that was cool, thank you mate!
great video. i hope your academic credentials actually end up with you making decent money some day!
Half an hour of Chemdelic - I’m happy
I wish you were my teacher in school😂 very interesting and quite chilling. Definitely now want to know the science behind hydrogen bombs
Aliens: "0.7%? I'm sure that no one would take the time to isolate a supercritical.... wow, in space even."
very well done, it's clear you put a lot of effort into this explainer :)
Top tier video, would love more of this nature
Arrived here immediately for this ❤️🔥
hey good work champ, dropping knowledge like bombs!
Awesome. Can't wait to show this to my friends
I love the background music
6:00 is a nice plot, but it’s not just the 2.5M times more energy per kg than coal….it’s the fact that it takes 0.0001 milliseconds to liberate that energy, while TNT takes 0.1 milliseconds.
How did I miss thia for 3 days?
Why is RUclips not recommending my favorite channel?
Noice. Now a video on ulam-teller devices? X-ray ablation implosion, "sparkplugs", all that fun stuff!
I didn't think information on nukes this in depth would ever surface the internet.
The technical knowledge really isn't that hard to understand and at least the scientific knowledge has been public since before the first devices were built, of course most of the general public wouldn't have understood it but it wasn't truly secret until the Manhattan Project was begun, at which time the government made efforts to gather up open publications of the principal's involved. The truly difficult part is refining enough fissile material in the proper form to be useful. And the engineering is surprisingly straight forward but actually constructing a reliably functioning device takes great skill and is of course, massively expensive! I taught myself the principal's in high school during the 1970's from books at the library!
Edit: I should say *_I am not bragging about myself at all,_* it was just my first reaction too answer your comment! 😂
Harold Edgertons photography captures the unreal, the truly supernatural, the ethereal aspects of splitting atoms.
EG&G was not involved with photographing the atomic bomb tests until the third test bomb. EG& G did not photograph the Trinity Test and they did not photograph the Able shot in Operation Crossroads. The first atomic test they participated in was Baker. I discussed this with Harold Edgerton in 1984 during a summer class taught by him at MIT.
@@buckhorncortez Appreciate the correction. My opinion on Edgertons photography holds true, the details require a total editorial reference overhaul.
@@buckhorncortez Curious, do you know the history of Clarence Hiskey(Szczechowski)? his involvement in the Manhattan Project?
shimishimiyay shimiyay shimiya
drank
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drank
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-Opperhomer
How the urchin worked was the bit that escaped me. Thanks for explaining that.
The interesting part of that is one of the physicists responsible for designing the urchin was Klaus Fuchs.
@@buckhorncortez A very dependable and entirely trustworthy guy
Wow, big fan of this format. You’re killing it dude
Fun fact, those magnets were wound with silver wire to free up copper for uses overseas.
You may want to add a note on the ore->UF6 process. I figured it out but at first I was confused because it looked as if it went from UO2 to UO2 again. Obviously it’s unleached UO2 with a lot of other garbage the first time and pure UO2 the next time but it took a rewatch to convince myself.
Great video dude. Love this kind of stuff and you deserve praise for this amount of research
That was fascinating! I barely passed chem in high school so most of that part went over my head but otherwise a very cool vid. Thanks!
YES TO THE HYDRGEN BOMB VIDEO!!!!! and maybe some thing about the neutron bomb.... or something rarer like a video about why they did so many tests of bombs... people dont realize that they werent all just different sizes.... the were testing different core material makeups and different core designs, different reflectors and neutron generators etc etc.... thatd be a cool video
Great video!! Let's do Hydrogen next!
Glad i found this channel
What I found interesting is the amount of compression for the Pu is necessary to initiate - it is half the volume, a metall compressed so much, I did'nt know that was possible.
That was cool, nice job.
You should do an episode about the separation of different lanthinides and actininides since they're so chemically similar, Ive always wondered how they were purified
27:30 "fun" fact, a decent amount of that radioactive waste ended up in St. Louis, in a normal landfill (the West Lake landfill), despite the companies involved knowing it was hazardous. It was even mixed with topsoil to dilute it. Coldwater Creek was also heavily contaminated, as the waste was stored at the end of a runway at the airport for some time, where the drums of waste rusted and leached a substantial amount of waste into the creek and its surroundings, leading to much higher cancer rates than in other neighborhoods in the city. The Missouri Independent published a story on it, titled "Records reveal 75 years of government downplaying, ignoring risks of St. Louis radioactive waste", and it's a pretty rough read.
Beautiful, the best I've seen. By far
If i wasn't on a list yet, i definitely am now
When oppenhiemer made his statement he looked like he had been on a 4 day mission of twisting the old bulb back and forth
Please DO make a video on the thermonuclear (hydrogen) bomb. Again, I "think" I understand the processes involved, but some of the specific details are undoubtedly missing. I am particularly interested in the use of polystyrene as the x-ray compressor. Also, this polystyrene shell was later replaced with some sort of airogel codenamed "fogbank." My understanding is that the entire warhead life extension program for the Navy's Trident system was sidelinde because the process for making fogbank was lost in the many years that followed its invention. I believe that you are the youtuber to properly tell this story!
Can we talk more about the urchin? Not enough people have videos about it
that was beautiful, man. damn
Annnnnnnd .... now you're on a watchlist 😂
😂😂
Teller Ulam video please! FissionFusionFissionFusionFission: All in a little peanut shell the size of a suitcase. That to me is the most scary part: You could plant one in cement in a building and then set a delay timer for days or weeks later. It would be undetectable in the concrete and a few feet around it would make disarming it impossible, especially if they put an anti-tamper device on it. Try to move it or disarm and you lose a city. This is why we neeed to disarm the whole world. Realistically the super powers would only need a handfull >5 to keep rouge nations at bay.
I like your style. I would definitely watch your presentation on H bombs.
Uranium can be captured from seawater with a uranium-capturing polymer. Can you try it?
very cool explanation thank you for your time.
I think I need to watch this a few thousand more times Till I understand it😮
one step closer to my constant uranium enrichment tutorial request 😈
It's amazing the amount of toxic crap that is needed to make these wonderful fireballs.
Bro, is on a watchlist
The science of nukes is exaggerated. Everyone focuses on just the uranium fission and forgets to account for the endothermic activities of the other elements present.
If you have some good resources for that, please send them my way!
@@chemdelic This segment from The Nuclear Precedent chapter of Crime and Reason illuminates why there can't be any good sources for that, unfortunately:
"One of the things the government was attempting to enforce in the Morland case was its need to censor thinking in the interest of national security. Judge Warren felt that this point was so important that he included a passage about it in his opinion:
The government argues that its national security interests also permit it to impress classification and censorship upon information originating in the public domain, if when drawn together, synthesized and collated, such information acquires the character of presenting immediate, direct and irreparable harm to the interests of the United States.
He went on to observe that it wasn’t just the publication of numbers that was dangerous but also the exposition of certain concepts-things that would save competing states money and time wasted going down blind alleys. In other words, the “data” restricted by the Atomic Energy Act included ideas. Judge Warren then sided fully with the government and ruled, based on evidence supplied in secret to the court, that the Morland article constituted not only a violation of the Atomic Energy Act but also a threat to national security so great that it could also be censored under other statutes. He likened its publication to disclosing troop movements in time of war and wrote that the threat to life it presented manifestly overrode freedom of speech, even though “any prior restraint on publication comes into the court under a heavy presumption against its constitutional validity.” No sensible jurist, he contended, would place freedom of speech above the right to live."
Now...what if the entire concept of nukes, as described by the current dogma, was itself a blind alley? Revealing this would save competing states money and time wasted, and thus it could not be able to be revealed. How would military occupation of Korea, the middle East, Eastern Europe etc. be justified if not for the alleged nuclear threats of Iran, North Korea, and Russia, and China? How would monopolies on nuclear energy and dependence on oil be maintained if the nuclear bomb threat wasn't used to justify the suppression of nuclear energy?
Actually centrifuge is much more energy efficient. Gaseous diffussion plant Georges Besse required four CPX reactors to supply it with electricity (nearly 4GW). After switching to centrifuges energy requirement dropped down to 50MW
But they didn't have precision air bearings in 1945. Making centrifuges that would not self-destruct and could rotate at the speeds required was not technically feasible at that time. Several tests were made to develop a centrifuge which ended in self destruction of the equipment.
@@buckhorncortez of course, in 1945 large spectrometer was most effective just after gaseous diffusion. However, today it is a centrifuge method that is most effective and that has to be said - too many people rely on outdated information these days
3:14 the nucleus is also in a cloud, it’s just a lot smaller…but still bigger than the nucleus itself.
And the electron isn’t in the cloud, the electron is the cloud. It is delocalized,,and there is no, zero, none, classically analogy that will make you understand it better. You just need to learn basic quantum.
The ironic part is the Trinity test site is open to visitors .
Hanford and Oak Ridge , not so much .
Next video ,; what to do with 10,000 smoke detectors and who just shot my dog ?
Hanford is open and has facility tours.
Oak Ridge is a National Laboratory doing work in nuclear engineering and you can't get into it any more than you can get into Los Alamos, Sandia, Lawrence Livermore, etc.
1:30 in and it's already way more entertaining than the movie 😂
I barely understood high school chemistry, so there was no way in hell I understood any of this but it was bloody interesting all the same!!!
Is it possible to separate the U235 in an electrolytic process? like how gold is separated electrolytically from alloys containing gold. Using U235 chloride as the electrolytic solution and separating the U235 from the U238 (the one containing 0.7% U235)
I certainly learned much 😊
Would definitely like that hydrogen bombs video
I thought the conventional explosive was RDX. Chordite makes more sense for the time period
While not Nukes.... I would love for you to do a breakdown of Hyperbaric Bombs! And something one might even be able to demonstrate depending on how tolerant your neighbours are 😆
I'd like to see the chemistry of converting nuclear waste into more useful things than the public misperception of scary barrels that will irradiate you. Plenty of actinides and other rare-ish materials in there all bottled up in glass. There are potentially loads of uses for spent nuclear fuel.
How much does the size of a UF6 molecule vary, and if the holes are much smaller than a typical molecule, then how do any of them get through?
Video is well put together, script sounds like a 4th graders book report
Sooooooo. Firecracker nukes from smoke alarms is your next vid??!??!😂😂
While I was watching this I wondered, is he going to make a video about hydrogen bombs? So there's my vote.
I loved you in the how it's made series lol sound just like dood😂
For some reason, I thought this was going to be simple 😂
The indiana state police took SWIM's glassware years ago.One of the reactions he never got try was benzaldehyde to pseudoephedrine. RIP the hive. Would you make pseudoephedrine because the DEA won't let me buy cold medicine anymore
Could you please also tell about thorium project.
make one with thermo nuclear
Can you make 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde?
I think I'll download this before they take it down
really good video
😂Hopefully that's never happened before... Almost didn't catch the demon core reference.....
I can’t find half of my isotopes. I got plenty uranium 234 tho