In a previous video you made a note that it is impossible to separate quarks. Moving them apart creates enough energy to create another pair of quarks. So in the instant that dark energy becomes strong enough to pull apart subatomic particles the universe will suddenly be full of enough mass to slow down the expansion of the universe. So have we just explained inflation?
He says that at that point no particle is close enough to interact with each other. So, maybe quarks continuously form, but as soon as they form the are not longer in causal connection with each other, meaning that all this new matter and energy have no time to communicate gravitational interactions to each other. But I have no clue.
Good point. Add in Penrose's Conformal Cyclic Cosmology, and we might have a winner (the universe goes through an endless series of cycles that generate their successor). This would not only explain Inflation, but also explain how each successive universe can start at maximum entropy.
We are sorry but recent budget cuts require reduction of simulated universes. Unfortunately your universe is one of the chosen for early termination. Shutdown timer is now set at:40 billion years.
You joke about taking a nap, but I use PBS space time as a sleeping aid, your calming voice and interesting complex subjects far removed from my life problems helps a lot to calm my anxiety keeping me awake. Thanks for the service!
DUDE! I listen to Comsology/Astronomy books on Audible when I go to sleep. Every night I'm lulled to sleep by the sounds of a narrorator explaining why or why not time travel is possible or what exactly the "Many Worlds" theory entails. I love it.
@@butHomeisNowhere___ - That fringe cosmology slightly irritates me too much. However I do enjoy some quality videos like those of Skydivephil, which do touch fringe cosmology but are not that repetitive as "time travel" and "many worlds" stuff. Problem is that when I get one of those, even if I get to sleep (and I'm not absorbed by the dissertation, resulting in high brain activity and no sleep), I often want to rewatch in the morning or whenever I wake up, resulting in delays. Nature docus are generally the best for sleep, really.
@@LuisAldamiz Absolutely. I don't really subscribe to the fringe theories, but what it does... for me, at least, is let my mind wander around thinking about "what if...". And that ability to get lost in thought actually helps me sleep. I guess it's sort of a precurser to a dream, as it were. But yea, I totally understand being annoyed by people overindulging in certain ideas like the many worlds thing. In which case, you do better listening to things more grounded in actual fact.
no extra weight. you simply interact a little bit more with the Higgs field. or just correct them that they, in fact, mean little extra mass. and in some cases, that has nothing to do with your weight
Alien kid in moms basement: Creates universe on a computer Alien Mom: :"Billy, Dinner time" Kid: "Ok mom be right there" Mom;..."Billy?" Kid: "Hold on mom I have to save my game!" Alien Dad: (pull power cord out of the wall) Universe dies Kid: "DAD!!! Ugh Now I have to restart the whole game!!!"
Thank you very much for answering that question about splitting hadrons. I deeply appreciate the expertise and presentation that you bring to these videos. It's solely because of your videos, the questions they spawn, and your interactions with viewers that I even have the chance to understand the universe and its interesting physics on a deeper level. So again, thank you very much for what you do.
Who ever puts this together reads at least some of the comments and they answer the questions people have given an over the top treatment of things like the big rip. The time line and closing of the observable universe make it clear the scenario is a lot like having black holes form on every object in the universe and eventually every atom. I suspect the closing moments would be a lot like entering a black hole, with the tidal forces of space time having similar effects. Until a year or so ago I took the big bang literally, an explosion that flung things to the edges of the universe, with some doubts considering the vast quantity of mass involved, but it at least conformed with things I do understand. The expanding space time does not conform to anything I understand, how it transports massive galaxies at speeds that defeats those galaxies local velocities, which are quite high, and makes it small.
i think Eons is on the same level as this personally, this channel does go into a bit more with its longer videos but thats also likely because much more of these things can be proven through mathematics and proven theories even if we will never see it happen to prove it in the moment, whereas with Eons youre dealing with extremely fragmented fossil records that are always deleting themselves with natural disasters (if the evidence even forms in the first place). So its a bit more speculative discussion and a bit less like a lecture on known phenomena (and i mean lecture in the best way possible)
@skOsH no karen will have ascended to a higher being and will ask for the universes manager and have the universe fired and then the universe will kill its self
@@plutarchtheoligarch1657 but the super big chemical equation that's so complicated it can observe itself is cool in general, i don't want it to end :( though i imagine having my microscopic space dust turn into being after being gets really exhausting after a while
When universe inevitably ends, there will be three things left: 1.) Degenerate Matter 2.) Cockroaches 3.) Human Stupidity trying to find another host after realising, that it can't possess the cockroaches
"Take a nap and wake up when the pretty pictures come back" Space Time really knows their audience. Life is less painful when you have healthy expectations.
"It seems too much of a coincidence that it should be so close to -1 without being -1." I remember being told the same thing about Lambda being so close to 0.
Would be mildly interesting if the rest of the history of the universe after the big rip is just infinite dark energy fighting against infinite quark production. Like the scene with Hercules cutting heads off the Hydra except forever.
I'm glad you mentioned particle production when accelerating expansion starts to rip hadrons apart. I was already planning to come down here to suggest it. To me, this seems like it fits well with inflation and a new big bang in a model of eternal inflation. It may also explain why there is more matter than antimatter. Whatever minuscule portion of an earlier universe that suddenly expanded into ours would be locally dominated by one or the other (or photons left over from annihilation).
OMG this was amazing, as a layman wanting to get more into mathematics and physics, having the numbers/components of the equations laid out and explained, made it make a lot more sense, and really contributed to my growing awareness and understanding of mathematics in context! Thank you so much for this channel ❤️❤️
What would happen to a black hole during a big rip? Would the black hole "dissolve" all at once or would it appear to shrink? What happens to the energy of that system?
im an engineer and i thought that understanding physics is easy for me, but then this video appeared. For the 1st time I feel like having a huge brain lag :(
I say we all write a strongly worded letter to Dark Energy and request it not tear everything we’ve ever known and loved apart on the subatomic level. We need to protest this!
I'm in! This doesn't sound fair. So many worlds never get their chance. We should also start a general strike. And boycot everything from the universe.
Wouldn't it be more reasonable to call Dark Energy "Anti Gravity?" It seems to work in the opposite way to Gravity in particular: a force that we cannot see pulling apart as opposed to pulling in. Dark Energy also doesn't sound as cool in my book. With that in mind, what if there aren't only pits in space where gravity is? What if there are also mountains, and as *matter pulls together [or apart, as it may be], forming deeper pits in spacetime, then the opposite must also be done to compensate? Mountains of spacetime rising up in the matterless parts of the universe? Anyway, how y'all's day been? Mine's been ok. Went to the beach with my mom, pop, and sibbies. Then we played basketball. Hope you guys have as good a day as I have had!
This _completely_ explains why the earth is flat. It used to be round, but dark energy originated at the north pole. This caused the world to accelerate outwards, changing Antarctica from a continent to a vast 125,000 kilometer wall of ice surrounding the world. Also, the south pole has been stretched from a single point to a perpetually expanding omni-directional circle heading outwards in every possible direction. I suggest flat earthers everywhere move to antarctica. Past the _ginormously long_ icewall, in all directions, past the fake south pole, and utilize dark energy to grow into giants. Eventually you can become so big that you can defeat anything from pacific rim, and conquer the world. Alternatively, you could simply measure the Antarctica coastline. Using boats and equipment. I suppose this would be a simpler, faster, and far less costly way to prove how long it _really is._ Have fun.
What if there is no dark energy, just positive pressure? That would mean that at some point in time, the expansion will stop as the pressure equalizes.
Pressure equalizing is probably what caused the separation of the forces, when the universe expanded large enough that subatom particles could no longer stay together without gravity- that is, when light was needed, since before then, everything was within a small enough space where all matter could interact with all other matter; but "pressure" is an odd concept, considering it implies there is an outside. What exactly is the positive pressure acting against? There would have to be something beyond the expansion, even beyond the light horizon, and beyond any horizon created by the big bang. But that would also be the universe, so... it's very confusing? There is a phenomenon similar to rapid decompression I had a little idea about the early universe and how the expansion quickened so quickly; basically, the moment those subatomic particles (or goo or whatever) were unable to be within interactable distance, it caused an analogous rapid decompression. There's another name for it; it's when the pressure is so high it actually causes a decompressive action. Perhaps the reverse can be applied, where you get rapid compression... like a singularity :p For some reason I didn't save my sources or the scholarly reports I read about this action (which is near impossible to achieve in anything heavier than hydrogen, which MAKES SENSE TO ME IN THIS RESPECT). HOWEVER! when I thought of this idea, I found the idea of a stable, equilibrium universe completely absurd since it defies entropy and would imply it would equalize into a stable state rather than continuing into a further disordered state over time, which is most certainly not an equilibrium. Until it is, I guess.
Since most people seem to want a big crunch rather than a big rip or heat death, I have a question, if a space-faring civilisation exists at the near-end of the universe would it be possible to out-run a big crunch? Or would you be flying out into a shrinking universe that you can never escape from?
Today we are not enough advanced to say if it's possible or not but I think that people with this kind of type 3 civilisation problem could use some Clarketechs which would look like magic for us nowadays
As far as I understand the big crunch, no, it's not possible to escape. The big crunch would occurs everywhere, just like the big bang. To escape that you would need to leave the universe, which is quite a challenge.
I would imagine, aside from the notion of Einstein-Rosen bridges, if you lived towards the outer "edge" you might be able to avoid the crunch. If you use our current understanding of dark energy, the rebound or "crunch" would be eventually moving at faster than the speed of light, and thus you would never be able to avoid moving away from this inevitably. General relativity allows for this notion that if you are separated from the frame of reference things can (and do) actually move faster than light. The current expansion of the universe is already moving at this FLT speed.
Once dark energy became powerful enough to rip sub atomic particles apart, wouldn't that generate new matter? When we try to rip apart quark pairs it seems to generate new "partner" quarks for the separated quarks straight from the energy it took to break the original pair apart.
Zach Crawford - Consider also Stephen Hawking's point about the net energy of the entire cosmos being zero, with the positive mass energy of matter in the form of hyperplasma had to be offset by the negative energy hyperinflating emergence of spacetime along with matter at cosmic t0. Could it not be the case that the only reason cosmic spacetime continues to expand is because the process of matter creation is still ongoing? To me, the question is, how is spacetime generated? It could very well be that it is an irreversible process, such that there is no way the cosmos could "recollapse" for the simple reason that once matter/spacetime emerges, there is no way for them to "recombine" and thus cancel out a certain amount of mass along with a particular measure of spacetime volume.
Have you guys done a video on proton decay? It's something that, though I understand to be not likely in most physicist's minds, I find a fascinating idea. I'd love to hear you're explanation of.
How would this interact with the quarks inside nucleons and the fact that energy increases as quarks are pulled apart? The way I see it there would be a huge release of positive energy that could reboot the universe.
5 лет назад+25
The Big Rip reminds me of Davros and his reality bomb
I would avoid using "smaller" when referring to negative numbers (@6:13) and use the more precise "less than" or "greater than". Just a minor issue but helps avoid confusion (e.g. which is the 'smaller' number: -1 or -1,000,000,000?).
Its been in my head for long time . Everyone is describing expansion of Universe by saying that "units of vacuum" is increasing between galaxies. Why not Describe it as that Galaxies are shrinking relative to 1 Vacuum Unit. For example Distance between Galaxy A and B has always been constant , 1 Vacuum unit . At the start Both galaxies also occupied 1 unit of Vacuum . And present moment it has shrunk down to 0.1 vacuum units . Say that red shift occurs because Galaxies ability to shoot out energy to other galaxies over time decreases and only reason red shift between galaxies increases is that it takes more and more energy to get out of galaxies hold. What I am probably trying to describe is - "Why aren't we thinking of Galaxies(Black holes, Starts ,Planets ...quarks...) as Geometrically inwards radiating objects" My thoughts go deeper than my English,linguistic and my knowledge of math and physics. If anyone understands what I mean and know's why it can not be the case , please give me a quick reply Thank you
Yes, I think there are some theories along these lines, problem is the evidence. It might not absolutely reject these ideas but makes them very improbable. The evidence best matches mainstream theory, big bang, inflation, expansion of universe as observed by Hubble constant and CMB.
Negative mass might be the dark energy. Basically negative mass is the flow of mass away from the a massive body. Instead of towards. Exploding black holes . Super novas even subatomic explosions. Might release negative mass. Even heat meets the definion of negative mass. Flowing away from the massive Bodies instead of towards
What about singularities of black holes? Can dark energy overcome the singularity of a black hole and rip it apart? What happens when the two types of event horizons meet?
The singularity is a point. There's no space between any bit of the singularity for dark energy to pull apart, so the singularity is safe. The event horizon shrinks, as it's defined as being the boundary past which the fastest thing i.e. light can no longer escape. But dark energy allows things to move away from the singularity faster than the speed of light so the event horizon would shrink to match, but it would never shrink down to the size of the singularity unless the dark energy expanded the universe at an infinite speed.
googolplexbyte A singularity / infinity is a mathematical artifact. Infinities do not exist in physical reality, they are just mathematical artifacts resulting from extrapolating a scientific model beyond its boundary of validity. A singularity is the "syntax error" of physical models. If you ever get a singularity, this means your model doesn't describe reality anymore. They are not real, Only people who errorneously mistake their model for being reality do believe they are. So the center of a black hole is not infinitesimal small, but it it is finite. Gravity expands at the speed of light. the moment the speed of the expansion of space overcomes the speed of light (nothing can move faster through space than c, but space can expand faster than c, as we know from the Guth inflation), gravity simply vanishes and thus the black hole disintegrates.
This is not accelerated expansion, but momentum gaining, since we are living in an spinning universe, the more you move away from the center, the more momentum/speed you gain. So everything accelerates.
I still don't get how normal dark energy doesn't violate energy conservation. I mean, it's literally creating new vacuum energy. Only answer I've been able to think of (and not a satisfactory one at that) is that the universe is infinite, has infinite amount of energy and so no matter how much you add to that pile, it will always stay infinite.
@sjg1984 Ahaha fair enough. That kind of mindset is what every scientist, and every human should have. And thanks btw. Not many people get it, unfortunately.
Feynstein 100 - *"Only answer I've been able to think of (and not a satisfactory one at that) is that the universe is infinite, has infinite amount of energy and so no matter how much you add to that pile, it will always stay infinite."* Actually, no, you have it exactly backwards. As Stephen Hawking pointed out, the net energy of the entire cosmos is zero.
I hope senpai Matt notices this question! Would this scenario, particularly the last months, be a painful and horrible experience for sentient life still around near the end? Would the actually be able to experience their planets explode then be ripped apart?
My take on it would be no. If you see, at the very end ... at 10^-19 seconds, that's when the atoms are ripped apart. So without actually checking, so take this as you will, the last nano seconds where your planet/body are scattered would happen so fast that your neurons wouldnt even have time to fire signals. Of course, you'd know it was coming by watching other galaxies disassemble, but the part where it happens to YOU would be nearly instant.
Great video. I wonder how the big rip would interact with super dense objects like black holes. Would this be a case of an unstoppable force hitting an immovable object?
Black holes may be the only thing haulting spacetime from expanding, or, as black holes decay overtime, it would eventually radiate away and the expansion could continue.
I gave it some thought looked at all the pieces of the puzzle and came up with the following: • if the universe expands, why would it only limit its expansion to the dimensions of "space" logic would suggest it expands in all the dimensions including the dimension of time. • Space-time expands at the smallest possible quantities meaning Planck values (3 Planck lengths [one in each dimension of “space”] and one Planck time [the "flow" of time seems to be caused by that expansion]/ per these values) if it was not the case the universe wouldn’t be as uniform as it seems to be. • its a known fact that gravity "occurs" near a matter that has mass. What if the gravity is caused by the matter trying to resist the expansion i mentioned earlier? It’s a known fact matter comprises mostly of empty space, it could be so that the expanding space-time meets some kind of resistance while trying to expand inside a elementary particle "losing some of its energy" thus "slowing" down by that amount which causes the "curve" in space time near large masses (the real reason for the "curve" may be the difference in the rate of expansion of space-time near the area influenced by that mass and outside of this area. thats why i think big rip is not gonna happen
You are truly into something, that is something which came to my head like a month ago and it makes so much sense that I am hoping for someone with knowledge that can tell us if this reasoning is wrong
@@victorwhite8356 Yeah it was bothering me for quite some time now, all the pieces of the puzzle are there, i was trying to get someone's attention, got a bit fed up since it's hard to get noticed, so i finally decided to make a public post, i also got a more detailed doc file on this topic. This one seem to fit great with the things that we observe in the universe. As many documentaries as i watched and articles i read, i found nothing in anyone of them that would make this theory flawed.
Per the video the Big Rip, if it happened, would happen within a few hundred billion years, but Hawking Radiation takes something like 10^100 years to evaporate a solar mass black hole, let alone the super massive black holes in the centers of galaxies. If the Big Rip occurs no black holes will have noticeably evaporated in that time frame.
It being the only accessible conversation about space time on youtube aside, my favorite thing about this channel is how Matt brings commenters into the spotlight by name
Maybe a big rip tearing up a black hole creates a new big bang, accelearating at first really fast because of the explosion and after billions of years is still expanding because of the pull of the big rip happening outside in our universe...
What a good question. I mean you can imagine how long it would take for something like a neutron star to get ripped apart, and singularities are more dense still. In fact, I would assume black holes are kind of on a whole other level since they're kind of exempt from spacetime. TBH I would guess we probably need a better understanding of dark energy and black holes to answer this question
The model my brain keeps coming back to is that we are living in a bubble of possibility space with two solutions to return to equilibrium. Entropy is solved in the singularity and in the expansion crunch. The singularity and the expansion both destroy dimensional differentiation in opposite directions. time ends at both points.
I might have to watch these multiple times. It's a lot to take in! Very intriguing through and through. Matt is brilliant and easily one of my favorite show hosts/ channel narrators ever!
So did I get this right, phantom energy would break the same rules that timetravel does, which means that if phantom energy is real so is timetravel? If so I vote for phantom energy to be real since then we would have many times the maximum age of the universe to colonize this and every other galaxy and spread our species everywhere!
I still wonder what would happen if the expansion on the quantum scale accelerated to the point that baryons are ripped apart. We can't have free quarks can we? typically, ripping apart a baryon imparts so much energy that a new complementary quark can be form. So would that mean expansion could create infinite quarks? EDIT: I shouldn't ask questions before watching the entire video. Oh well.
That would be a question for a quantum theory of gravity since quarks are described by a quantum field theory, QCD, but the expansion of the universe is described by general relativity.
According to me, there is a fourth reason why W = -1 is the most likely hypothesis. The apparant increase in the Hubble constant may simply be a result of not properly accounting for the difference in matter density between our rather empty region of space and the average density of the early universe. According to multiple papers, we are living in a supervoid, the so-called KBC void (named after Keenan, Barger and Cowie who discovered it in 2013), which a roughly spherical void of 2 billion light years. This is also a good topic for a future episode btw ;-)
New research of shows that the difference is even bigger: 74 vs 67 (km/s)/Mpc. There must be a density difference. It is time that we don't think of our part of spacetime as an average for the whole universe. It is empty out here ... I feel it :-(
Will Z The black hole can only hold itself together with the “power” of speed of light. But once the observable universe is entirely within the event horizon, it is ripped apart with MORE than the speed of light. So I guess the black hole will be ripped apart, just like the subatomic particles and the fabric of spacetime itself.
Actually, I'm sort of curious about the interaction between dark matter and central black holes. Since dark matter is diffuse (is it?) central black holes must suck up a fair amount of it. Is this reflected in any if our models of central black holes formation? What do we think is the ratio of ordinary mass to DM mass in the typical black hole?
Okay, if big rip can happen, could it rip black holes? Though light can't escape, can the space can expand faster to rip these black holes? And what would happen, burst of matter and energy? And when this could happen, the distance where space is expanding faster than light is currently wast, not affecting our lives. But if acceleration happens, then if the expanding of space faster than light -radius is smaller than black holes event horizont? Or is the black hole considered as a point singularity in scenario, so there is nothing to separate from itself?
I have the same question. I'm not sure I buy the merging idea. Not that I've checked the math, but isn't there a difference in expressions of causality between normal spacetime (despite its big-ripping nature) and how all future world lines inside the black hole lead inward? Tough question, for sure.
Asking the experts: There was no mentioning of the rapid inflation shortly after the Big Bang. Is this because in the early universe there were hardly any vacuum states and big rip physics could not have been dominant? -thank you
What I think is so cool is how they have an equation that describes Dark Energy and they are like "Well, if this parametter from my formula is less than -1, the universe will be destroyed"
Okay folks, now consider what happens when a neutron or proton is ripped apart. It takes so much energy for quarks to be separated that a new quark is created in the process. Repeat that over and over during the big rip and its basically dumping a Big Bang worth of energy into creating quarks. Seems like that might cause the Big Rip to run out of steam for a while. I was originally interested in what happens to black holes in the big rip - but now I speculate that each hadron could become an isolated new universe. Is there anything wrong with this logic?
@Gifted Fool Well if you'd ever feel inclined to settle for Einsteins mcuh duller and slower distant cousin (that might not actually be related at all). Then I'd be happy to have what you just said explained to me, because it sounds freaking interesting.
Imagine you're living 22 billion years in the future and as soon as Big Rip is approaching, Big Rip is allowing you to actually go back in time and live it all over again just like humans used to now, and maybe finding a method to prevent a big rip...
What happens to black holes? Will they be torn apart? If so what would happen to the information they contain? What would the matter coming out look like? If you fell into a black hole, instead of seeing all of time, would time fly by until the black hole was torn apart and you died? I’m really interested in this, and was wondering what you thought would happen.
What happens to a black hole during the big rip? Both the event horizon and the singularity. Is it like dividing infinity by infinity....? I am referring to the infinitely dense singularity versus the infinitely expansive space. Does the Schwarzschild radius shrink or expand as the big rip sets in? It exists because objects cant escape the gravitational pull of the singularity after that point, but the expansion is breaking all gravitational bonds by expanding the space between particles. Both forces in this situation are accelerating at increasingly FTL speeds. Does all of the information eternally falling towards the singularity inside the event horizon then get pulled from the singularity faster than its falling, keep falling with infinitely further to go, etc? Or is the space inside immune to this expansion? And how does the reversal of space and time within the black hole play in to this? Does time within the event horizon expand instead? Ive gotta figure this out.... im gonna need a calculator, penrose diagram, redbull, Ricks portal gun, and the Ludwig Boltzmann boxset collection of Firefly
Unless you are talking about specifically different infinities, dividing infinity by infinity just makes 1. Now, if we divide infinity by 0, we end up with an infinitely large infinity which is just another infinity.
@@Druid_22b there are no infinities, there is just infinity. Infinity is everything that could and could't be, so, if you think that 012345... to infinity is different (or another infinity) than 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5... to infinity you are just wrong. Infinity contains both sequences, we just start from different points, in fact, infinity contains everything from those sequences to my reply and even the entire universe from it's beginning to it's end . Infinity never ends, and it never start, it just is.
I was referring to the infinitely dense singularity versus the infinitely expansive space. Does the Schwarzschild radius shrink or expand as the big rip sets in? It exists because objects cant escape the gravitational pull of the singularity after that point, but the expansion is breaking all gravitational bonds by expanding the space between particles. Both forces in this situation are accelerating at increasingly FTL speeds. Does all of the information eternally falling towards the singularity inside the event horizon then get pulled from the singularity faster than its falling, keep falling with infinitely further to go, etc? Or is the space inside immune to this expansion? And how does the reversal of space and time within the black hole play in to this? Does time within the event horizon expand instead? Ive gotta figure this out.... im gonna need a calculator, penrose diagram, redbull, Ricks portal gun, and the Ludwig Boltzmann boxset collection of Firefly
The cosmic event horizon is different for each observer, it’s a notional horizon. Entanglement of two particles both locally straddling our cosmic event horizon would certainly be unaffected. If a particle local to us is entangled with a distant particle on our horizon and they became further separated, I’m not as sure what would happen. My guess is nothing special since any two entangled particles don’t even know that each other exists. This situation is comparable to two entangled particles where one falls into a real event horizon as found around a black hole and one does not. This has no effect other than it would be impossible to later measure if the correlation persisted.
@@cloudpoint0: Unless of course quantum entanglement has a spatial limit, or gets severed over a certain speed. Though that wouldn't affect either particle. Just their bond.
@@RequiemPoete As I said earlier, any two entangled particles don’t even know that each other exists. They don’t communicate with each other. They aren’t bonded to each other in some way. A spatial distance limit or speed limit wouldn’t matter. Entangled particles are merely governed by a common probability function that exists somewhere within the underlying machinery of the universe that decides how each particle should present itself if and when it is asked to present itself to an observer or a detector. Or so it seems. It’s called “quantum nonlocality”.
@Edward Jam lol black hole is anything but "compressed matter". As the name suggest its a hole, in space-time itself, whem formed by matter from gravitational collapse anything past the event horizon cant be seen as "compressed matter" beacuse its spatially disconected from the rest of the universe without a single way out. Everything inside coverts from being space-like to being time-like beacuse just as time everything in black hole can only have one direction of flow
The Big Rip sounds like the universe is a black hole bubble created by a positive curved space, popping into a negatively curved space... then reverberating. Like the table cloth trick failing badly.
You know man, I dunno. Im just trying to make it to Friday.
Nice avatar
@@johnmorrell3187 . . .
@@albertpirelius don't worry, he's a simp.
I hate people with anime profile pics
FTL stfu
Universe: *dies*
Me: Big rip
dildo
So true
Big oof
Damn beat me to it
RIP
You're Tearing Me Apart, Lisa!
Oh, hi Dark Energy...
XD
Welcome dark energy my old friend
I got the results of my test back. I definitely have dark energy.
The Big Rip has an older brother. His name is The Big OUCH.
"take a nap and come back when the pretty pictures come back" touché my friend, touché.
"And the 3rd reason to hate on Phantom Energy..."
It's okay - you already had me after reason #1.
Wait, 8:44 A paper describing the accelerating expansion of space is titled 'The Phantom Menace?'
Now _this_ is pod racing.
Search google scholar for "large hardon collider" if you want a laugh.
Dark energy is midi-chlorians confirmed!
@@burtosis hardon?
@Jorge it's a misspelling of hadron lmao. Every graduate students nightmare to have a spelling error in your paper title eclipse your carrer.
IT'S WORKING. IT'S WORKING.
An accelerating acceleration tells us one thing...dark energy is a jerk.
The jerk store called, they're running out of W>-1!
Oh snap!
Oh yeah, I got it
å
I'm calling Dark Energy "Smitty", because the only guy named Smitty who I met was a total jerk...
@@zeromancer-x Smitty sounds unpleasant.
In a previous video you made a note that it is impossible to separate quarks.
Moving them apart creates enough energy to create another pair of quarks.
So in the instant that dark energy becomes strong enough to pull apart subatomic particles the universe will suddenly be full of enough mass to slow down the expansion of the universe.
So have we just explained inflation?
exactly what I thought, but perhaps that is why he said "hopefully only elemental particles"
would it slow the expansion enough to the point of it reversing/clumping back to one single point? sorry if I misunderstood some point here.
He says that at that point no particle is close enough to interact with each other. So, maybe quarks continuously form, but as soon as they form the are not longer in causal connection with each other, meaning that all this new matter and energy have no time to communicate gravitational interactions to each other. But I have no clue.
Good point. Add in Penrose's Conformal Cyclic Cosmology, and we might have a winner (the universe goes through an endless series of cycles that generate their successor).
This would not only explain Inflation, but also explain how each successive universe can start at maximum entropy.
This is the kind of equation-less scenarios and thought experiments I like in science. 😁
"You're tearing me apart, universe!"
- Johnny, 'The Room' (2003)
Big bang, big rip, big crunch, but reality is, the universe ended as a BIG MAC
What’s up big perm. I mean big worm!
Eeeyup
This comment should have way more likes.
I’m 10% Big Mac.
nom
We are sorry but recent budget cuts require reduction of simulated universes. Unfortunately your universe is one of the chosen for early termination.
Shutdown timer is now set at:40 billion years.
Note: 40 billion years in in-universe "human" time.
what
You joke about taking a nap, but I use PBS space time as a sleeping aid, your calming voice and interesting complex subjects far removed from my life problems helps a lot to calm my anxiety keeping me awake. Thanks for the service!
This is far too interesting and compact for that. The best nap aids are nature documentaries, notably sea ones.
DUDE! I listen to Comsology/Astronomy books on Audible when I go to sleep. Every night I'm lulled to sleep by the sounds of a narrorator explaining why or why not time travel is possible or what exactly the "Many Worlds" theory entails. I love it.
@@butHomeisNowhere___ - That fringe cosmology slightly irritates me too much. However I do enjoy some quality videos like those of Skydivephil, which do touch fringe cosmology but are not that repetitive as "time travel" and "many worlds" stuff. Problem is that when I get one of those, even if I get to sleep (and I'm not absorbed by the dissertation, resulting in high brain activity and no sleep), I often want to rewatch in the morning or whenever I wake up, resulting in delays.
Nature docus are generally the best for sleep, really.
I recommend minutephysics' series on special relativity for this.
@@LuisAldamiz Absolutely. I don't really subscribe to the fringe theories, but what it does... for me, at least, is let my mind wander around thinking about "what if...". And that ability to get lost in thought actually helps me sleep. I guess it's sort of a precurser to a dream, as it were.
But yea, I totally understand being annoyed by people overindulging in certain ideas like the many worlds thing. In which case, you do better listening to things more grounded in actual fact.
that's my excuse from now on
"hey, i think you gained a little weight"
"no, that's just dark energy"
no extra weight. you simply interact a little bit more with the Higgs field. or just correct them that they, in fact, mean little extra mass. and in some cases, that has nothing to do with your weight
It can't be fat becuse it's 99,99999% empty space.
This made me laugh so hard I dropped my phone but when I bent over to pick it up there was a big rip
Not dark energy.... but stout (dark beer).
I've been trying to gain weight for years! (I have an auto-imune disorder). WTH, Dark energy?!
Alien kid in moms basement: Creates universe on a computer
Alien Mom: :"Billy, Dinner time"
Kid: "Ok mom be right there"
Mom;..."Billy?"
Kid: "Hold on mom I have to save my game!"
Alien Dad: (pull power cord out of the wall)
Universe dies
Kid: "DAD!!! Ugh Now I have to restart the whole game!!!"
Truly respect the sincere lifetime dedication it takes to understand cosmology, physics and astronomy at this level
Good thing it isn't going to happen...or is it?
**VSAUCE MUSIC**
He just went full Vsauce. LOL
"Hi PBS Space Time, Matt here."
If the universe is expanding...
That means I must be fat because of the universe, not because of what I eat...
*OR DOES IT?*
_Vsauce music plays_
I miss those videos. I wonder why did he stop
@@ericrossi7039 possibly lack of big studio backing, so not earning enough money.
“Take a nap and wait for the pretty pictures come back”. He was talking directly to me then!
Thank you very much for answering that question about splitting hadrons. I deeply appreciate the expertise and presentation that you bring to these videos. It's solely because of your videos, the questions they spawn, and your interactions with viewers that I even have the chance to understand the universe and its interesting physics on a deeper level. So again, thank you very much for what you do.
Who ever puts this together reads at least some of the comments and they answer the questions people have given an over the top treatment of things like the big rip. The time line and closing of the observable universe make it clear the scenario is a lot like having black holes form on every object in the universe and eventually every atom. I suspect the closing moments would be a lot like entering a black hole, with the tidal forces of space time having similar effects. Until a year or so ago I took the big bang literally, an explosion that flung things to the edges of the universe, with some doubts considering the vast quantity of mass involved, but it at least conformed with things I do understand. The expanding space time does not conform to anything I understand, how it transports massive galaxies at speeds that defeats those galaxies local velocities, which are quite high, and makes it small.
Dot where are your links for your big Rip scenario. I am interested in that.
Edit: thanks so much
@@lordpredator8855, It sounds like you already found them, but just in case
ruclips.net/video/tAtVgHvt05M/видео.html&lc=UgzH3nUJci7Lf-BRIVl4AaABAg
Thank you so much, now I can read. You have no idea how much I am thankful. 😉😀
when you realize the universe is gonna end in a RIP
F
F
F
F
"Let'er rip."
- Leslie Nielsen's epitaph
I quit my job because of the universe expansion
Give me all your money you wont need it if universe dies
Your severance pay should be outstanding 👍👍
I’m sure Burger King misses you !
Same I hate Wernstrom!
@@ReptilianLepton dude im pretty pretty sure hes joking
Earth: "I don't feel so good, Mr. Sol."
"I think we've grown apart latetly, though it's not you, or me. It almost feel like the universe was working against us."
=D
Earth: "Sun! Hello! Where did everybody go?"
I think it's interesting that this channel seems to go so much more in depth into topics than other PBS youtube channels that I've seen.
i think Eons is on the same level as this personally, this channel does go into a bit more with its longer videos but thats also likely because much more of these things can be proven through mathematics and proven theories even if we will never see it happen to prove it in the moment, whereas with Eons youre dealing with extremely fragmented fossil records that are always deleting themselves with natural disasters (if the evidence even forms in the first place). So its a bit more speculative discussion and a bit less like a lecture on known phenomena (and i mean lecture in the best way possible)
Be cautious of happy endings, laws of physics prohibit them :)
Only over very large timescales. Locally, they may be possible.
@skOsH no karen will have ascended to a higher being and will ask for the universes manager and have the universe fired and then the universe will kill its self
@skOsH 😂😂😂
Physics didn't stop my happy ending last night
I am a follower of the church of quantum induced Big Bangs
Me: *looks at the title*
Also me: can't wait to get my daily dose of Depression!
yes, it is sad to hear
Why worry? We won't be there for it and it will be trillions of years later.
Plutarch The Oligarch that’s the depressing part
@@plutarchtheoligarch1657 but the super big chemical equation that's so complicated it can observe itself is cool in general, i don't want it to end :(
though i imagine having my microscopic space dust turn into being after being gets really exhausting after a while
Answers With Joe is waiting for you
When universe inevitably ends, there will be three things left:
1.) Degenerate Matter
2.) Cockroaches
3.) Human Stupidity trying to find another host after realising, that it can't possess the cockroaches
lmao
😂😂😂
human stupidity = degenerate matter
Get an F on my physics test...
Big RIP
piero cenni Ha loser
100th like
F
286th like
F
"And just wait for the pretty pictures to come back." Do you see that equation? Pretty pictures never left! 😍😍
"Take a nap and wake up when the pretty pictures come back"
Space Time really knows their audience. Life is less painful when you have healthy expectations.
"It seems too much of a coincidence that it should be so close to -1 without being -1."
I remember being told the same thing about Lambda being so close to 0.
@G Team On Lock What lambda is he referring to?
Or how Planck thought his constant was 0
Which lambda?
13:30
Thank you Dot. That is exactly the question I was wondering about for most of this video.
Would be mildly interesting if the rest of the history of the universe after the big rip is just infinite dark energy fighting against infinite quark production. Like the scene with Hercules cutting heads off the Hydra except forever.
Tactical.
Nice
I'm glad you mentioned particle production when accelerating expansion starts to rip hadrons apart. I was already planning to come down here to suggest it. To me, this seems like it fits well with inflation and a new big bang in a model of eternal inflation.
It may also explain why there is more matter than antimatter. Whatever minuscule portion of an earlier universe that suddenly expanded into ours would be locally dominated by one or the other (or photons left over from annihilation).
OMG this was amazing, as a layman wanting to get more into mathematics and physics, having the numbers/components of the equations laid out and explained, made it make a lot more sense, and really contributed to my growing awareness and understanding of mathematics in context! Thank you so much for this channel ❤️❤️
What would happen to a black hole during a big rip? Would the black hole "dissolve" all at once or would it appear to shrink? What happens to the energy of that system?
Donald Trump orange man bad
It would turn into radiation...
The last hour of a big rip scenario would probably be terrifying, not even a warp drive can save you
sh*t
Me: Frantically rewinds Star Trek DVD collection...
I will hide inside a black hole xD,see you soon dark energy,gravity got me first xD
I love space time (my favourite youtube channel) but I'm not going to pretend I don't secretly love it when I see a simple episode subject pop up...
I agree! I love them but I am too stupid for a lot of their videos
im an engineer and i thought that understanding physics is easy for me, but then this video appeared. For the 1st time I feel like having a huge brain lag :(
I say we all write a strongly worded letter to Dark Energy and request it not tear everything we’ve ever known and loved apart on the subatomic level. We need to protest this!
You science justice warrior you!
I'm in! This doesn't sound fair. So many worlds never get their chance.
We should also start a general strike.
And boycot everything from the universe.
Walt R. Buck NEUTRON STARS ARE PEOPLE TOO!
And why hasn't the government done anything about dark energy?
Can we take a moment to appreciate how spectacular this episode was? Thank you PBS ST Team!
no we cant WE are MAGA activists
Wouldn't it be more reasonable to call Dark Energy "Anti Gravity?" It seems to work in the opposite way to Gravity in particular: a force that we cannot see pulling apart as opposed to pulling in. Dark Energy also doesn't sound as cool in my book.
With that in mind, what if there aren't only pits in space where gravity is? What if there are also mountains, and as *matter pulls together [or apart, as it may be], forming deeper pits in spacetime, then the opposite must also be done to compensate? Mountains of spacetime rising up in the matterless parts of the universe?
Anyway, how y'all's day been? Mine's been ok. Went to the beach with my mom, pop, and sibbies. Then we played basketball. Hope you guys have as good a day as I have had!
Particle
ruclips.net/video/nnkvoIHztPw/видео.html
Basic state IJSR vol.7, issue 3
Pages 273-275
This _completely_ explains why the earth is flat. It used to be round, but dark energy originated at the north pole. This caused the world to accelerate outwards, changing Antarctica from a continent to a vast 125,000 kilometer wall of ice surrounding the world. Also, the south pole has been stretched from a single point to a perpetually expanding omni-directional circle heading outwards in every possible direction.
I suggest flat earthers everywhere move to antarctica. Past the _ginormously long_ icewall, in all directions, past the fake south pole, and utilize dark energy to grow into giants. Eventually you can become so big that you can defeat anything from pacific rim, and conquer the world.
Alternatively, you could simply measure the Antarctica coastline. Using boats and equipment. I suppose this would be a simpler, faster, and far less costly way to prove how long it _really is._
Have fun.
Your comment made me laugh so hard that I feel like I owe you money.
@@justindeloach6751 lol thanks 😁
"A phantom menace?"
To quote another great doctor: "That was bad and you should feel bad."
What doctor said that?
Dr. Who?
@@carverwright3119 The Best Doctor- Zoidberg.
Dr. John A. Zoidberg
@@carverwright3119 the doctor who discovered the double yeti, what rock have you been living under?
0:17 *vsauce music starts playing*
Only for premium users.
Sounds a lot like Jean Micheal Jarre. Magnetic Fields in particular. I've noticed a bunch of Star Trek sounds too.
Thank you for translating all that alien math into didactic easy language that I can understand, best channel on youtube
What if there is no dark energy, just positive pressure? That would mean that at some point in time, the expansion will stop as the pressure equalizes.
Pressure equalizing is probably what caused the separation of the forces, when the universe expanded large enough that subatom particles could no longer stay together without gravity- that is, when light was needed, since before then, everything was within a small enough space where all matter could interact with all other matter; but "pressure" is an odd concept, considering it implies there is an outside. What exactly is the positive pressure acting against? There would have to be something beyond the expansion, even beyond the light horizon, and beyond any horizon created by the big bang. But that would also be the universe, so... it's very confusing?
There is a phenomenon similar to rapid decompression I had a little idea about the early universe and how the expansion quickened so quickly; basically, the moment those subatomic particles (or goo or whatever) were unable to be within interactable distance, it caused an analogous rapid decompression. There's another name for it; it's when the pressure is so high it actually causes a decompressive action.
Perhaps the reverse can be applied, where you get rapid compression... like a singularity :p
For some reason I didn't save my sources or the scholarly reports I read about this action (which is near impossible to achieve in anything heavier than hydrogen, which MAKES SENSE TO ME IN THIS RESPECT).
HOWEVER!
when I thought of this idea, I found the idea of a stable, equilibrium universe completely absurd since it defies entropy and would imply it would equalize into a stable state rather than continuing into a further disordered state over time, which is most certainly not an equilibrium. Until it is, I guess.
@@felicityc whoa, you lost me buddy. 😆
Now, a question. What happens with black holes in this scenario of phantom energy?
Since most people seem to want a big crunch rather than a big rip or heat death, I have a question, if a space-faring civilisation exists at the near-end of the universe would it be possible to out-run a big crunch? Or would you be flying out into a shrinking universe that you can never escape from?
Today we are not enough advanced to say if it's possible or not but I think that people with this kind of type 3 civilisation problem could use some Clarketechs which would look like magic for us nowadays
As far as I understand the big crunch, no, it's not possible to escape. The big crunch would occurs everywhere, just like the big bang. To escape that you would need to leave the universe, which is quite a challenge.
I would imagine, aside from the notion of Einstein-Rosen bridges, if you lived towards the outer "edge" you might be able to avoid the crunch. If you use our current understanding of dark energy, the rebound or "crunch" would be eventually moving at faster than the speed of light, and thus you would never be able to avoid moving away from this inevitably. General relativity allows for this notion that if you are separated from the frame of reference things can (and do) actually move faster than light. The current expansion of the universe is already moving at this FLT speed.
Once dark energy became powerful enough to rip sub atomic particles apart, wouldn't that generate new matter? When we try to rip apart quark pairs it seems to generate new "partner" quarks for the separated quarks straight from the energy it took to break the original pair apart.
Sir Roger Penrose talked about the never ending cycle of big bangs in Joe Rogan's Podcast. Very intriguing theory.
Zach Crawford
- Consider also Stephen Hawking's point about the net energy of the entire cosmos being zero, with the positive mass energy of matter in the form of hyperplasma had to be offset by the negative energy hyperinflating emergence of spacetime along with matter at cosmic t0. Could it not be the case that the only reason cosmic spacetime continues to expand is because the process of matter creation is still ongoing? To me, the question is, how is spacetime generated? It could very well be that it is an irreversible process, such that there is no way the cosmos could "recollapse" for the simple reason that once matter/spacetime emerges, there is no way for them to "recombine" and thus cancel out a certain amount of mass along with a particular measure of spacetime volume.
Have you guys done a video on proton decay? It's something that, though I understand to be not likely in most physicist's minds, I find a fascinating idea. I'd love to hear you're explanation of.
Thanks. I was feeling pretty cheerful today and this helped curb my enthusiasm.
"Close your eyes,that's how long forever feels."
Kurzgesagt
No one can escape death
@@commentstealer4460 no one here said you can escape death...
@@commentstealer4460 I have totems of undying
@skOsH what if the universe is just stuck in a continuous cycle while losing a fuckton of particles every cycle
Accelerating?
ACCELERATE THE ACCELERATION!
How would this interact with the quarks inside nucleons and the fact that energy increases as quarks are pulled apart? The way I see it there would be a huge release of positive energy that could reboot the universe.
The Big Rip reminds me of Davros and his reality bomb
Same outcome, different cause
I would avoid using "smaller" when referring to negative numbers (@6:13) and use the more precise "less than" or "greater than". Just a minor issue but helps avoid confusion (e.g. which is the 'smaller' number: -1 or -1,000,000,000?).
Its been in my head for long time .
Everyone is describing expansion of Universe by saying that "units of vacuum" is increasing between galaxies.
Why not Describe it as that Galaxies are shrinking relative to 1 Vacuum Unit. For example Distance between Galaxy A and B has always been constant , 1 Vacuum unit . At the start Both galaxies also occupied 1 unit of Vacuum . And present moment it has shrunk down to 0.1 vacuum units .
Say that red shift occurs because Galaxies ability to shoot out energy to other galaxies over time decreases and only reason red shift between galaxies increases is that it takes more and more energy to get out of galaxies hold.
What I am probably trying to describe is -
"Why aren't we thinking of Galaxies(Black holes, Starts ,Planets ...quarks...) as Geometrically inwards radiating objects"
My thoughts go deeper than my English,linguistic and my knowledge of math and physics.
If anyone understands what I mean and know's why it can not be the case , please give me a quick reply
Thank you
Yes, I think there are some theories along these lines, problem is the evidence. It might not absolutely reject these ideas but makes them very improbable. The evidence best matches mainstream theory, big bang, inflation, expansion of universe as observed by Hubble constant and CMB.
Where did you get that game over shirt? 😮
It says "American Museum of Natural History"
Awesome video, as always.
Negative mass might be the dark energy.
Basically negative mass is the flow of mass away from the a massive body.
Instead of towards.
Exploding black holes . Super novas even subatomic explosions.
Might release negative mass.
Even heat meets the definion of negative mass.
Flowing away from the massive Bodies instead of towards
Totally
What about singularities of black holes? Can dark energy overcome the singularity of a black hole and rip it apart? What happens when the two types of event horizons meet?
Interesting question
The singularity is a point. There's no space between any bit of the singularity for dark energy to pull apart, so the singularity is safe. The event horizon shrinks, as it's defined as being the boundary past which the fastest thing i.e. light can no longer escape. But dark energy allows things to move away from the singularity faster than the speed of light so the event horizon would shrink to match, but it would never shrink down to the size of the singularity unless the dark energy expanded the universe at an infinite speed.
I wish they will answer this in the next episode
Is dark energy a sign we are in a giant black holes pulling everything apart and away from everything else..
What if.. life only happens in blackholes
googolplexbyte
A singularity / infinity is a mathematical artifact. Infinities do not exist in physical reality, they are just mathematical artifacts resulting from extrapolating a scientific model beyond its boundary of validity. A singularity is the "syntax error" of physical models. If you ever get a singularity, this means your model doesn't describe reality anymore. They are not real, Only people who errorneously mistake their model for being reality do believe they are.
So the center of a black hole is not infinitesimal small, but it it is finite. Gravity expands at the speed of light. the moment the speed of the expansion of space overcomes the speed of light (nothing can move faster through space than c, but space can expand faster than c, as we know from the Guth inflation), gravity simply vanishes and thus the black hole disintegrates.
This is not accelerated expansion, but momentum gaining, since we are living in an spinning universe, the more you move away from the center, the more momentum/speed you gain. So everything accelerates.
Big rip sounds like the Universe turning itself inside out in a higher dimension.
I still don't get how normal dark energy doesn't violate energy conservation. I mean, it's literally creating new vacuum energy. Only answer I've been able to think of (and not a satisfactory one at that) is that the universe is infinite, has infinite amount of energy and so no matter how much you add to that pile, it will always stay infinite.
@sjg1984 Lol what makes you say that?
@sjg1984 Ahaha fair enough. That kind of mindset is what every scientist, and every human should have. And thanks btw. Not many people get it, unfortunately.
Feynstein 100 - *"Only answer I've been able to think of (and not a satisfactory one at that) is that the universe is infinite, has infinite amount of energy and so no matter how much you add to that pile, it will always stay infinite."*
Actually, no, you have it exactly backwards. As Stephen Hawking pointed out, the net energy of the entire cosmos is zero.
I hope senpai Matt notices this question!
Would this scenario, particularly the last months, be a painful and horrible experience for sentient life still around near the end? Would the actually be able to experience their planets explode then be ripped apart?
My take on it would be no. If you see, at the very end ... at 10^-19 seconds, that's when the atoms are ripped apart. So without actually checking, so take this as you will, the last nano seconds where your planet/body are scattered would happen so fast that your neurons wouldnt even have time to fire signals. Of course, you'd know it was coming by watching other galaxies disassemble, but the part where it happens to YOU would be nearly instant.
Well before that we lose the sun and would get a little cold.
Great video. I wonder how the big rip would interact with super dense objects like black holes. Would this be a case of an unstoppable force hitting an immovable object?
Black holes may be the only thing haulting spacetime from expanding, or, as black holes decay overtime, it would eventually radiate away and the expansion could continue.
"The pretty pictures come back"
Ahahah this disrespect
He a savage sometimes hahahah
I was looking for that comment 😁
I gave it some thought looked at all the pieces of the puzzle and came up with the following:
• if the universe expands, why would it only limit its expansion to the dimensions of "space" logic would suggest it expands in all the dimensions including the dimension of time.
• Space-time expands at the smallest possible quantities meaning Planck values (3 Planck lengths [one in each dimension of “space”] and one Planck time [the "flow" of time seems to be caused by that expansion]/ per these values) if it was not the case the universe wouldn’t be as uniform as it seems to be.
• its a known fact that gravity "occurs" near a matter that has mass. What if the gravity is caused by the matter trying to resist the expansion i mentioned earlier? It’s a known fact matter comprises mostly of empty space, it could be so that the expanding space-time meets some kind of resistance while trying to expand inside a elementary particle "losing some of its energy" thus "slowing" down by that amount which causes the "curve" in space time near large masses (the real reason for the "curve" may be the difference in the rate of expansion of space-time near the area influenced by that mass and outside of this area.
thats why i think big rip is not gonna happen
You are truly into something, that is something which came to my head like a month ago and it makes so much sense that I am hoping for someone with knowledge that can tell us if this reasoning is wrong
@@victorwhite8356 Yeah it was bothering me for quite some time now, all the pieces of the puzzle are there, i was trying to get someone's attention, got a bit fed up since it's hard to get noticed, so i finally decided to make a public post, i also got a more detailed doc file on this topic. This one seem to fit great with the things that we observe in the universe. As many documentaries as i watched and articles i read, i found nothing in anyone of them that would make this theory flawed.
What would happen to black holes, will they ripped apart? what happens when the extern event horizon will meet with the black horizon?
Hawking radiation
Black holes only exist between the ears of simpletons.
@@norman_sage2528 so you must be an absolute idiot because they have proven to be real many times
Per the video the Big Rip, if it happened, would happen within a few hundred billion years, but Hawking Radiation takes something like 10^100 years to evaporate a solar mass black hole, let alone the super massive black holes in the centers of galaxies. If the Big Rip occurs no black holes will have noticeably evaporated in that time frame.
Then the answer to what happens when the unmovable object meets the unstoppable force will truly be answered
*reads the title. clicks the video as fast as i could*
Ghost Buster reference at the beginning of the video? Don't ever change.
I am so glad I wasn't the only one who noticed :D
It being the only accessible conversation about space time on youtube aside, my favorite thing about this channel is how Matt brings commenters into the spotlight by name
Love this show. I get more out of these every time I watch them
What would happen to black holes during the Big Rip?
Maybe a big rip tearing up a black hole creates a new big bang, accelearating at first really fast because of the explosion and after billions of years is still expanding because of the pull of the big rip happening outside in our universe...
What a good question. I mean you can imagine how long it would take for something like a neutron star to get ripped apart, and singularities are more dense still. In fact, I would assume black holes are kind of on a whole other level since they're kind of exempt from spacetime. TBH I would guess we probably need a better understanding of dark energy and black holes to answer this question
I would like to know this too. At what point would the necessary acceleration of the big rip be able to overcome infinite density/gravity.
Not really understanding this but it sounds so groovy. Loving this channel.
You are not even close to alone. This dude straight up told me to go nap... it's interesting but over my head, sadly.
I prefer the accelerating expansion so the universe ends in 22 billion years.
The model my brain keeps coming back to is that we are living in a bubble of possibility space with two solutions to return to equilibrium. Entropy is solved in the singularity and in the expansion crunch. The singularity and the expansion both destroy dimensional differentiation in opposite directions. time ends at both points.
I might have to watch these multiple times. It's a lot to take in! Very intriguing through and through. Matt is brilliant and easily one of my favorite show hosts/ channel narrators ever!
So did I get this right, phantom energy would break the same rules that timetravel does, which means that if phantom energy is real so is timetravel? If so I vote for phantom energy to be real since then we would have many times the maximum age of the universe to colonize this and every other galaxy and spread our species everywhere!
I still wonder what would happen if the expansion on the quantum scale accelerated to the point that baryons are ripped apart. We can't have free quarks can we? typically, ripping apart a baryon imparts so much energy that a new complementary quark can be form. So would that mean expansion could create infinite quarks?
EDIT: I shouldn't ask questions before watching the entire video. Oh well.
...and wouldn't infinite quarks fill the voids that are created by ripping everything apart? could than that be a big bang scenario? who knows....
That would be a question for a quantum theory of gravity since quarks are described by a quantum field theory, QCD, but the expansion of the universe is described by general relativity.
This channel is wonderful and the animations are always getting better
Thank you from the bottom of my heart and keep it up
According to me, there is a fourth reason why W = -1 is the most likely hypothesis. The apparant increase in the Hubble constant may simply be a result of not properly accounting for the difference in matter density between our rather empty region of space and the average density of the early universe. According to multiple papers, we are living in a supervoid, the so-called KBC void (named after Keenan, Barger and Cowie who discovered it in 2013), which a roughly spherical void of 2 billion light years. This is also a good topic for a future episode btw ;-)
New research of shows that the difference is even bigger: 74 vs 67 (km/s)/Mpc. There must be a density difference. It is time that we don't think of our part of spacetime as an average for the whole universe. It is empty out here ... I feel it :-(
The first great video about Big Rip that i found in youtube
Thanks for giving me answer i dont understand to problems i didnt know existed.
What would occur to Black Holes in the scenario of "The Big Rip"? Would they be torn apart or would they manage to stay together?
Will Z The black hole can only hold itself together with the “power” of speed of light. But once the observable universe is entirely within the event horizon, it is ripped apart with MORE than the speed of light. So I guess the black hole will be ripped apart, just like the subatomic particles and the fabric of spacetime itself.
Actually, I'm sort of curious about the interaction between dark matter and central black holes. Since dark matter is diffuse (is it?) central black holes must suck up a fair amount of it. Is this reflected in any if our models of central black holes formation? What do we think is the ratio of ordinary mass to DM mass in the typical black hole?
Okay, if big rip can happen, could it rip black holes? Though light can't escape, can the space can expand faster to rip these black holes? And what would happen, burst of matter and energy?
And when this could happen, the distance where space is expanding faster than light is currently wast, not affecting our lives. But if acceleration happens, then if the expanding of space faster than light -radius is smaller than black holes event horizont?
Or is the black hole considered as a point singularity in scenario, so there is nothing to separate from itself?
the cosmological event horizon should merge with the event horizon of any black hole it contacts
Since space time is ripping Itself apart and black holes are holes in space time I guess they would get ripped thurther open making them larger.
I have the same question. I'm not sure I buy the merging idea. Not that I've checked the math, but isn't there a difference in expressions of causality between normal spacetime (despite its big-ripping nature) and how all future world lines inside the black hole lead inward? Tough question, for sure.
King of flames black holes aren’t holes.
Pretty sure we can't know the answer because we don't have a theory of quantum gravity yet.
Asking the experts:
There was no mentioning of the rapid inflation shortly after the Big Bang. Is this because in the early universe there were hardly any vacuum states and big rip physics could not have been dominant? -thank you
Dude, Wow
Physics is awesome
And you Sir are amazing
I feel like the greatest physicists had amazing imaginations to think up hoe they thought the universe works. This is why I’m going into physics
What I think is so cool is how they have an equation that describes Dark Energy and they are like "Well, if this parametter from my formula is less than -1, the universe will be destroyed"
~God takes a big bong rip~ ~looks down at the universe~ *”O H , F U C K . . . .”*
Okay folks, now consider what happens when a neutron or proton is ripped apart. It takes so much energy for quarks to be separated that a new quark is created in the process. Repeat that over and over during the big rip and its basically dumping a Big Bang worth of energy into creating quarks. Seems like that might cause the Big Rip to run out of steam for a while.
I was originally interested in what happens to black holes in the big rip - but now I speculate that each hadron could become an isolated new universe. Is there anything wrong with this logic?
Wait - it violates energy conditions that prohibit time travel?! Sounds better than an inevitable heath death to me...
@Gifted Fool Well if you'd ever feel inclined to settle for Einsteins mcuh duller and slower distant cousin (that might not actually be related at all).
Then I'd be happy to have what you just said explained to me, because it sounds freaking interesting.
Imagine you're living 22 billion years in the future and as soon as Big Rip is approaching, Big Rip is allowing you to actually go back in time and live it all over again just like humans used to now, and maybe finding a method to prevent a big rip...
No the universe will end with Ragnarok, the heavy metal album that will tear the universe asunder
nah my friend you're thinking of Ragnorock
No, it's Ragnarok and it'll involve kittens. ruclips.net/video/k9jTonnpRo0/видео.html
Is there a similarity between the calculations for a Big Rip and what being on the inside of a black hole as it evaporated is like?
Great question!
I thought your time would go to "the end" before you cross the event horizon.
Dude, the music getting scary halfway through.
The animation of the equation was really great. Super easy to see what was happening in real time
What happens to black holes? Will they be torn apart? If so what would happen to the information they contain? What would the matter coming out look like? If you fell into a black hole, instead of seeing all of time, would time fly by until the black hole was torn apart and you died? I’m really interested in this, and was wondering what you thought would happen.
What happens to a black hole during the big rip? Both the event horizon and the singularity. Is it like dividing infinity by infinity....?
I am referring to the infinitely dense singularity versus the infinitely expansive space. Does the Schwarzschild radius shrink or expand as the big rip sets in? It exists because objects cant escape the gravitational pull of the singularity after that point, but the expansion is breaking all gravitational bonds by expanding the space between particles. Both forces in this situation are accelerating at increasingly FTL speeds. Does all of the information eternally falling towards the singularity inside the event horizon then get pulled from the singularity faster than its falling, keep falling with infinitely further to go, etc? Or is the space inside immune to this expansion? And how does the reversal of space and time within the black hole play in to this? Does time within the event horizon expand instead? Ive gotta figure this out.... im gonna need a calculator, penrose diagram, redbull, Ricks portal gun, and the Ludwig Boltzmann boxset collection of Firefly
Unless you are talking about specifically different infinities, dividing infinity by infinity just makes 1. Now, if we divide infinity by 0, we end up with an infinitely large infinity which is just another infinity.
Mr Gohan First we need to know is singularity possible.
Infinity is not normal in physics, but in math it is.
@@Druid_22b there are no infinities, there is just infinity. Infinity is everything that could and could't be, so, if you think that 012345... to infinity is different (or another infinity) than 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5... to infinity you are just wrong. Infinity contains both sequences, we just start from different points, in fact, infinity contains everything from those sequences to my reply and even the entire universe from it's beginning to it's end . Infinity never ends, and it never start, it just is.
I was referring to the infinitely dense singularity versus the infinitely expansive space. Does the Schwarzschild radius shrink or expand as the big rip sets in? It exists because objects cant escape the gravitational pull of the singularity after that point, but the expansion is breaking all gravitational bonds by expanding the space between particles. Both forces in this situation are accelerating at increasingly FTL speeds. Does all of the information eternally falling towards the singularity inside the event horizon then get pulled from the singularity faster than its falling, keep falling with infinitely further to go, etc? Or is the space inside immune to this expansion? And how does the reversal of space and time within the black hole play in to this? Does time within the event horizon expand instead? Ive gotta figure this out.... im gonna need a calculator, penrose diagram, redbull, Ricks portal gun, and the Ludwig Boltzmann boxset collection of Firefly
Singularity is another name for unknown.
If anything is smaller than 10^-37m our theories won't work anymore.
Would Quantum Entanglement work across the cosmic event horizon ?(during the stages they weren’t destroyed)
I guess so. I mean, they're still there so nothing is stopping them right? (Can someone fact check this?)
The cosmic event horizon is different for each observer, it’s a notional horizon. Entanglement of two particles both locally straddling our cosmic event horizon would certainly be unaffected.
If a particle local to us is entangled with a distant particle on our horizon and they became further separated, I’m not as sure what would happen. My guess is nothing special since any two entangled particles don’t even know that each other exists. This situation is comparable to two entangled particles where one falls into a real event horizon as found around a black hole and one does not. This has no effect other than it would be impossible to later measure if the correlation persisted.
Doesn't matter.
@@cloudpoint0: Unless of course quantum entanglement has a spatial limit, or gets severed over a certain speed. Though that wouldn't affect either particle. Just their bond.
@@RequiemPoete
As I said earlier, any two entangled particles don’t even know that each other exists. They don’t communicate with each other. They aren’t bonded to each other in some way. A spatial distance limit or speed limit wouldn’t matter. Entangled particles are merely governed by a common probability function that exists somewhere within the underlying machinery of the universe that decides how each particle should present itself if and when it is asked to present itself to an observer or a detector. Or so it seems. It’s called “quantum nonlocality”.
Just wondering, would the big rip be able to tear black holes apart?
@@Vallecaucanisimo id say no imo
@Edward Jam lol black hole is anything but "compressed matter". As the name suggest its a hole, in space-time itself, whem formed by matter from gravitational collapse anything past the event horizon cant be seen as "compressed matter" beacuse its spatially disconected from the rest of the universe without a single way out. Everything inside coverts from being space-like to being time-like beacuse just as time everything in black hole can only have one direction of flow
@Edward Jam infinite density not mass bud
@Edward Jam yeah, so can you explain what form of matter is it? Im very courius from what elementary particles black holes are made
@Edward Jam I mean, not expecting mucb from someone that said it has infinite mass
Best decription of the big rip so far i have ever heard to show what us happening. So good job
The Big Rip sounds like the universe is a black hole bubble created by a positive curved space, popping into a negatively curved space... then reverberating.
Like the table cloth trick failing badly.