Nematodes: The Worm That Sculpted The World
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- Опубликовано: 13 фев 2022
- This episode is sponsored by Wren, a website where you calculate your carbon footprint. Sign up to make a monthly contribution to offset your carbon footprint or support rainforest protection projects: www.wren.co/start/journeytoth...
When it comes to the muses of the animal kingdom, the nematode seems like an unlikely well of inspiration, but over the past century, they’ve become one nonetheless.
We also wanted to note that the label on the very last nematode clip should be 100x magnification, not 200x magnification.
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Images from:
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi...
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SOURCES:
www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/index.php?pag...
www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/index.php?pag...
www.nature.com/articles/s4158...
news.byu.edu/there-are-57-bil...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/pl...
www.thoughtco.com/nematoda-fr...
grdc.com.au/resources-and-pub...
elifesciences.org/articles/05849
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...
www.yourgenome.org/facts/why-...
www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/st... 
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This episode is sponsored by Wren, a website where you calculate your carbon footprint. Sign up to make a monthly contribution to offset your carbon footprint or support rainforest protection projects: www.wren.co/start/journeytothemicrocosmos
I know it's an ad, but is it not false marketing to claim that you can "offset" your carbon footprint? In principle - yes, if one plants enough trees they could potentially suck out the co2 you are emetting, but it requires that those trees grow what, 10-100 years before they have sucked enough carbon out, and then, when the tree dies, another tree should be planted to recapture the co2 which the first tree is re-emitting when rotting.
But the reality is that the chance for both the first tree growing for many years, and the planting of the new tree are not guarenteed. MOST importantly, the green house gasses that we emit right now are extremely important, as they contribute to the world reaching certain tipping points, in 8-10 years. The trees being planted now will barely help against that.
Of course its good to plant trees - and for many reasosn beyond just co2. But youre not offsetting your carbon footprint right now. Youre hoping that it will be offset in maybe 10, 20 or 30 years. And at that point, it might be too late.
Going further than that, we actually need to reduce the amount of carbon emmesions already emitted. Claiming that by just planting some trees every month you can continue to live your life as you have always done with a high carbon footprint is directly misleading and borderline greenwashing.
(Edited some errors and formatting)
"Personal carbon footprint" calculators really originated as an ad campaign by fossil fuel companies persuading people concerned about the environment to focus disproportionately on individual choices instead of the corporate actions which are the main drivers of climate change. To stop the ongoing damage we are doing to our climate, we need legislation (at LEAST corrective taxes, possibly more given how late to the issue we are now) restricting the corporate actions that primarily cause climate change, and governments committing themselves to pull support from these sectors and invest in cleaner infrastructure instead, not distraction programs to divert concerned citizens' political energy and money to individual actions that have only a very limited effect in comparison, while business models that involve industrial-scale environmental damage continue to propagate unchecked.
I hate root knot nematodes. THEY KILL MY TOMATO PLANTS
"There are 57B nematodes in the world.."
"Oh, that's really not as much as.."
"For every human."
"Oh."
right!?
My thoughts exactly
45 QUINTILLION nematodes. That is 'approximate' solely contributed to humans and not including animal population....imagine the number in the universe....like literally TRY to imagine the number that big. We are truly living in scale and are so much smaller than we perceive ourselves to be.
@@LaBronne
>we are so much smaller than we perceive ourselves to be
That would be a fair point if this was a video on the universes scale but it isn't, I think you're trying to hint at the fact our population is small but the fact that this many exist proves that we are way larger than we think.
The smallest thing we know is so much more orders of magnitude smaller than us than the universe is larger, the numbers say we are actually the large things.
@@shill2920 You THINK that I meant we are bigger than we perceive ourselves to be....even though my words explicitly say "we are smaller..." 🤣 says a lot about your train of thought. If we compared your brain to a raisin, would that not be scaling because the sizes are too similar? any scaling ratio is a fair comparison.
Small correction from a C. Elegans researcher here: not sure where the “over a thousand eggs per day” came from? The standard estimate is 4-10 per hour (so 250 a day). It’s been pretty consistent with my experience as well. Not sure that I can post with links but WormBook has that and just about anything else on C.elegans basics you could want.
Can I just say - first, that it's awesome of you to offer up this correction because it's damn interesting in its way (also very cool that you research these!)
Second - how great is it that there is something called WormBook, which makes me think of FaceBook for the nematode world... I'm sure that's not at all how it works or what it's for but it is nonetheless HIGHLY amusing!
I second the WormBook recommendation. all your nematode knowledge needs.
Wormbook > Facebook
@@Beryllahawk indeed it is
+
Nematodes are also useful in the field. I’ve purchased and deployed beneficial nematodes to destroy the eggs of troublesome insects in our plants.
Out of curiosity, what species of nematode and what insects?
@@alaeevolare5395 there are several brands that sell beneficial nematodes for pest control. A quick google search should have some pop up, and it can be possible to select based on needs, some can deal with slugs and snails for example or you can get a 'broad spectrum' mix that has several species that can tackle many common pests.
@@alaeevolare5395 Steinernema feltiae for fungus gnats
@@alaeevolare5395 Look up entomopathogenic nematodes
@@elizaalmabuena I don't Google, but I_will_ use my favorite search engine, Ecosia, to hunt down these beneficial little friends! 😉🙃🙂
When I was studying worm compost micro-ecosystems, we had one ecosystem sample where a large Eisenia Fetida earthworm died of natural causes, and its body provided a sudden food influx into the ecosystem. The nematodes quickly gobbled it up, and exploded in population. Their numbers became high enough that they were able to start attacking and kill the other earthworms. This turned into a positive feedback loop where more nematodes -> more dead earthworms -> more nematodes. In just a couple of days, the nematodes killed all the earthworms, and collapsed the ecosystem. Their population quickly died off as well, because they ate through their entire food supply and no longer had a stable ecosystem to exist in. In just a couple days that sample went from very lively to completely dead.
I should make a video on this some day. I still have the original footage of the nematode/earthworm battle.
Great video as always Microcosmos team! I'm consistently impressed with the quality of James' footage. I'm super curious how you export your edited videos such that it gets the RUclips video compression algorithm to play nicely. I see many microscope RUclipsr's videos with significant compression artefacts, especially when there is motion.
Edit: Thank you all for the overwhelming rally for this video. It has been made and uploaded!
Dear god I would sub just to see that timelapse.
1. Please make a video about this!
2. Preemptively subbed!
"Positive feedback loop." Yikes!
@@misanthropichumanist4782 I wouldn't dare disappoint a stranger on the internet. Give me a couple weeks and I'll put it together!
@@micro_safari
😅🤣
Sounds good! 👍
I remember the first time I saw a nematode. It was during a plant cell biology lab and I was looking at some plant cells when this (relatively) gigantic worm squiggled into view in my microscope. I had so much fun looking at it moving about that my lab partner had to ask me to focus on the actual task at hand
Really? It wasn’t SpongeBob?
I just don’t understand how can your narration on microscopic creatures be so fascinating and amazing
That whale one is jaw dropping... I remember finding a 8 inch round worm in bear scat and nearly fainting. The whale one would positively kill me!
If you guys ever run out of content, dont worry..... we will always be fascinated even if you do old content from scratch..... I think it is impossible to get bored watching the Microcosmos and listening to you explain many things
They will never run out
A suggestion: a video on the diversity of the informal polyphyletic grouping known as algae, with a focus on the complicated taxonomic placement of various groups.
Yes, I agree!
Can you please ask the master of microscopes to order some "beneficial" nematodes (against fungus gnats) to show how the are sent (the media, if it's mainly eggs are larvae etc)?
I think every plant keeper sooner or later faces fungus gnats, so many know of nematodes as a weapon out of the microcosmos and would love to see a video narrated from this perspective.
Yes! Fungus gnats fly through my window at night from the garden downstairs and harass me while I do schoolwork. Beneficial nematodes were what gave me peace and I’d love to see them in a video
I'd love to see that too. Along with gnats, beneficial nematodes got the sand fleas OUT of my lawn for good. Also did a number on one small plot I tried growing crops but assorted cutworms and other grubs would eat them. Nematodes to the rescue. Good guys for sure. At least as far as eating dirt pests.
rove beetles
Hello my name is Caio, I'm Brazilian and I dream of one day becoming a microbiologist. today will be the start for the exam results to see if i managed to get into college here in my country. Wish me luck, it means a lot.
beautiful shots as always! thank you for the calming and very educative video❤
look at any animal, and apart from a few appendages, and organs they are still essentially a worm. In on the one end, out the other. It's a very successful strategy.
Thank you to all the microcosmos team.
Thank you so much........now I feel better about having named my son Nematode.......his twin sister Chlamydia, however, still requires some vindication.
I once worked with a girl named Candida.
@@peterjf7723 That's pretty common.
Wha?
@@williandalsoto806 it is and it shouldn't be. Conjures up all kinds of nasty imagery. With that name, imagine she also has oral thrush 🤢
One of the most pants shittingly terrifying monsters in D&D is a nematode. The Purple Worm.
I remember fighting one of those. My monk got swallowed wholesale. :(
I dunno... a Dragolich still traumatizes me....
They are really quite beautiful seen under 630X and with the correct dyes and lighting.🖤🇨🇦
The last sentence always touches deep down on my heart. Scientific knowledge is beautiful. Thank you!
In horticulture we not only fight nematodes as creatures causing harm to our plants but also use them (different species of course) to figtht other troublesome organisms like insect larvea
I love organisms who live in dirt and nematodes show the beauty of the ecosystem we call dirt
God bless dirt and it's wacky inhabitants
Pro tip to anyone that wants to REALLY reduce their carbon footprint, write to the DOE and tell them that you support innovative nuclear reactors that inherently reprocess their waste on site. Nuclear is zero carbon.
This !
C elegans also had its nervous system mapped out completely, the first organism with a complete diagram :)
I spent some time in a nematode lab, they are extremely elegant creatures
absolutely beautiful video I’m surprised more people haven’t discovered this
3:24 'There are 57bn nematodes in the world...'
So relatively few nematodes...!
3:28 Oh!
Watching your videos back to back and just reminded of something. As an avid anime lover I remember a series called Mushi-shi. It describes "Mushi" are some of the primitive life forms, mostly invisible to naked eye and often can be seen as supernatural because of their nature which are very very different from humans. These videos look like these organisms are Mushi.
Brilliant! Worth the wait.
Anyone else thought about the Spongebob episode where nematodes left him temporarily homeless??
A raid boss in WoW's Pandaria expansion called Elegon looks very similar. It's blue and transparent. Fair assumption that the name was taken from C elegans
Enjoyed your video and I gave it a Thumbs Up for support
Do you know what would be nice?
A complete anatomical explanation of the creatures presented in the videos, so we can understand all the visual information that comes with the amplified images. I am very curious about the metabolism of such little creatures.
There are 57 *billion* nematodes on Earth for every human 🤯
So... like about 456 billion billion nematodes??
Hungry. Hungry. Hungry. Hungry. Hungry hungry hungry hungry.
Thirsty. Thirsty. Thirsty. Thirsty. Thirsty. Thirsty. Thirsty. Thirsty.
Nematodes are people too
Very inspiring!
They get a bad rap for eating entire marine homes
I was looking for this comment.
Awesome Video Hank :)
That's so educational, beautiful and inspiring!!! I wish I could dub in portuguese to show in schools to my students
Do you speak Portuguese & English? If so, you can get the English transcript by clicking on the three dots at the end of where it shows ( 👎 Dislike Share + Save ::: ) If you can follow what I am referring to. That way you can read the transcript to them in Portuguese while they are watching the video!
@@sapelesteve yep but they're child and nota Very good with Reading
@@marimisty-biowonders4285 are you still teaching
Since Doug Funny kept an eye out for nematodes I have enjoyed knowing they are out there.
Next do horsehair worm!
Too cool! I’ve used these little doods to make mature ant hills move house ! I felt bad but it’s better than Raid. Using nature to fight nature makes more sense.thanks, team xo
Have mutated microbes with 2 heads or 2 tails ever been found?
Gotta admit , I would not have expected such poetic writing from a paper titled "Nematodes and their Relationships."
We've managed to simulate C. elegans completely and were astonished when large-scale behavior emerged after implementing their neurology.
All 400 neurons! Just need to scale that up by a few billion...
Interesting, what computer program did you use?
Enjoyed the episode🔬🪱🪱
Love this
No mention of the "3-Legged Frog Nightmare Fuel"??? Nematodes could be muses for Wes Craven, Clive Barker, and Rob Zombie...
aahhhh the DIC microscope makes them SO PRETTY!! (tho i like the brightfield colors as well) I've been waiting to binge watch eps. cause i'm missing using my microscope sooo muuuuch! I'm sure there are microbes in Msla right now, but it's cold and i'm not going hunting just yet :D i love getting to watch several new eps in a row :)
Beautiful
to this day they fight captain tardigrade somewhere in the universe
Ahhh yet another episode to ponder over
Watching this as I make HR templates for my C. Elegans crispr injections! Love jttmc!
Hello. what kind of microscope is used? Very beautiful picture
"Bag the Nematode" from the show Doug... so at least they have some notoriety
Never, in a million years, would I have EVER guessed that there were "nematode circles"... lol
Difinetely not a vídeo to watch before sleeping... but very interesting as always
"There are around 57 billion nematodes in the world..."
"Oh, that's not nearly as many as I expected"
"...for every human in the world"
"Oh, that's more like it"
in mijn bibliotheek vele mooie sweties van vele van deze ook voor mij enorm interessante nieuwe dieren die hoewel ze klein zijn veel nieuwe ontdekkingen op natuurkundig gebied zullen bewerkstelligen èn omdat het klimaat steeds weer opnieuw wijzigt zal het erg interessant zijn te kijken hoe ze zich verdedigen tegen al dit soort veranderingen .. veel plezier ermee ..
love it ! so funny the small world
6:57- "Okay, yeah, your narration is super-relaxing, but I'd relax even more if you _helped me outta_ this thing!"
Hi, I'm really curious as to how a nematode gets "stuck" inside an amoeba in the first place.
Is the amoeba attempting to phagocytose the nematode? If yes, is it while the nematode is still alive? (As none of the stuck nematodes were moving)
Also, the carbon footprint is a pretty evil tool by megacorporations to shift blame away from themselves and onto the public. I do not claim to know much about Wren, but the aforementioned megacorporations are responsible for the bulk of all pollution. Businesses offering carbon offsets like Wren may make you and I feel good about our contributions to the planet, but in the grand scheme of things, said contributions are a drop in the ocean.
Excellent video, as always!
Well stated.sir ..
Jolly good!
It's not an amoeba, but rather the uninhabited silicate shell (test) of a testate amoeba, perhaps a Euglypha tuberculata or similar. It seems that both clips are of the same nematode, judging by the stuff stuck to the shell. Poor little guy probably got stuck trying to find food in there and wedged itself in when trying to get out.
Me prof told us once that life of every single cell of C. Elegans can be precisely mapped! Such as what it’ll differentiate into n when it will die off.
Yes!
Thank you Hank for narrating this fascinating topic !
Nematology, eh? Sounds like it would be. Pretty satisfying field, really!
I want to be a nematologist now.
This episode is making me itchy for no reason....
I'm frustrated over the lack of connection between nematodes and toads 🐸
Well I'm sure every wild toad naturally has nematodes if that counts?
An interesting reflection on the nature of the Muse to boot. Nice! 💗
Anybody know what kind of microspope they use, what model? Thanks in advance!
I think they're using the micropope benedict, although it could also be the more recent micropope francis (judging by how crisp the image is)
Thanks for another of your excellent presentations, but I wish you had said a little more about the positive aspects of the nematode. Their ability to destroy or deplete invasive insect populations by eating their eggs, their fondness for eating dangerous bacteria and their relationships with plant roots that assist the plants in multiple ways.
Lemmiwinks would be so proud
Sick
Oh... nematodes
This is literally the second time I have even heard of nematodes, after the spongebob episode
Wow
Because of the cadence Mr. Greene uses in these videos I wasn't sure it was him, but just someone that sounded similar. I am both delighted and disappointed at this revelation!
Is this hank green?
I would buy a Nema-pen.
i apreciate them but they were a pain to id in undergrad
I buy millions of nematodes each year to control the slugs and snails in my garden
Certain nematodes do a fine job on larvae of Japanese Beatles.
Who were the twin-buddy animalcules who swam by a couple of times? Microfriends?
Do nematodes get stuck in amoeba shells often?
❤ fifty billion nematodes is a sizable sandworm for a person to ride to teraform moon...craters thereof or mars ..ravines with craters thereof ...in order to teraform ..into green pastures...
What exactly is a "nematode circle"
3:20 ...DRAMATIC PAUSE! 👍🏻
That's... That's a lot of nematodes!
Is the voice Hank green??
At 4:45 ~~ What hell was that ?
How can you say nematodes don't feed us when they live in the soils we grow our food from? They are clearly ecologically linked to our food production
I managed to breed these in my terrarium.
I think they already exist inside there
"An idiot admires complexity; a genius admires simplicity." - Terry A. Davis
I have seen a macroscopic nematode it was weird
Dr. Cobb's full quote on the dominance of Nematodes is both haunting and beautiful, which is difficult to do within a scientific paper, doubly so when its about a lowly microscopic worm.
'In short, if all the matter in the universe except the nematodes were swept away, our world would still be dimly recognizable, and if, as disembodied spirits, we could then investigate it, we should find its mountains, hills, vales, rivers, lakes, and oceans represented by a film of nematodes. The location of towns would be decipherable since, for every massing of human beings, there would be a corresponding massing of certain nematodes. Trees would still stand in ghostly rows representing our streets and highways. The location of the various plants and animals would still be decipherable, and, had we sufficient knowledge, in many cases even their species could be determined by an examination of their erstwhile nematode parasites...'
The music is a lot quieter than usual.
When I head Nematodes, I always think of Sponge Bob
Nematodes are people too
But hey, it's nematodadelic baby!
I just joined the patreon because i want my 57B nematodes
Walking, walking walking
Hungry, hungry, hungry
Hungry! Thirsty!
Nematodes are people too