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The law of inertia is one of the fundamental principles of motion and one of the three fundamental laws of motion formulated by Isaac Newton in his famous work Principia. This law states that the state (speed and direction) of an object remains constant if no net force acts on it. In summary, the state of an object does not change unless an external force acts on it.
The law of inertia is valid for any object with universal accuracy and many examples can be found in daily life. For example, a glass resting on a desktop remains stationary on the table because no net force acts on it. In case of sudden braking while driving, the passengers inside move forward, which is a consequence of the law of inertia, due to which the car suddenly stops. This law shows that the natural tendency of an object is either rest or linear motion at constant speed. However, the motion of the object is only the result of the forces acting on it. Therefore, the law of inertia provides a fundamental tool for understanding and predicting the motion of an object