Storing Freshwater In The Salty Sea
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- Опубликовано: 26 июн 2024
- Rivers are big and full of freshwater, which is great because we humans can only drink freshwater.
But do you know what's their problem?
Well, those rivers tend to lead to the ocean! And that means all of that sweet sweet freshwater vanishes into the salty salty sea!
This accident of circumstances is, of course, unacceptable. So what if you can keep all that freshwater from leaking out there by damming the very sea itself?
It might sound weird at first, but this is a real thing - a coastal reservoir. A freshwater lake created out of a piece of the ocean. In this video, I want to talk about the upsides and downsides of coastal reservoirs.
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Appreciate the extremely concise video and presentation! Such a rare treat nowadays when content creators tend to spend a quarter of the time with an unnecessary intro, a tidbit of content, a sponsor, and then blabbering about saying goodbye. Keep it up!
Yup. Jon doesn't "milk the content", which is why his videos are almost always my first pick of the day. He only gets to "yield the throne" for Clickspring and Bad Obsession Motorsport, but since I'm lucky if I get 4-5 episodes a year from them he generally sits quite comfortably on the royal chair :P
Yup, that. Thanks for the great constant man.
I echo that. I love when creators get to the point, deliver the facts and pre-empt the questions. Keep it up!
"rivers are big and full of freshwater, which is convenient as we can only drink fresh water" 😂
A note on the IJsselmeer part, the artificial lake only gets partially salty during periods of drought (ironic, since that's when it's needed the most) but is still good enough for irrigation during those few times that has happened in history, for the rest of the time it's even used for drinking water.
Also it matters when we're talking.
In the 1970's the rivers were absolutely putrid from industrial pollution, but manure-dumping by rich farmers hadn't really taken off yet.
In the 1990's manure-dumping by rich farmers is a huge problem, with layers of 10 - 15 cm deep being dumped just to get rid of it and the water bears it all in the end, but anti-pollution measures for industry were beginning to work.
Around now there has been another 30 years of manure pollution build-up, but at the same time, reduction in industrial pollution has fully filtered through the system.
So the water changed over time. This is very important as the horrible water quality in many lakes is a direct result of the farmers dumping excess manure. Stuff like Cyanobacteria (Blauwalg) was never a problem in the early 1990's, that's only now because of farmers poisoning the rivers.
Partially salty water is still drinkable, within salinity limits. IIRC the Baltic sea (or the arctic sea?) has a low enough salinity to be safe to drink.
@@nvelsen1975 Very interesting on a number of levels. The Lancashire Fens were fed on vast amounts of Liverpool, Night Soil all through the 19th century however the tide removed the run off.
In the 20th century, one of the big problems in the essentially, post-coastal UK Fen waterways is that of chemical run off from agricultural land into still water.
This problem did not seem to figure greatly in the presentation..
One has to wonder if this will be a problem in under-developed locations as the relevant local economic situation makes chemical fertilisers financially viable.
"And that means all of that sweet sweet freshwater vanishes into the salty salty sea" or, if it's saltwater going to another body of saltwater, it could lead to an underwater river. I'm not kidding, one was discovered in 2010 in the Black Sea. Here's how:
An underwater river forms because of differences in salinity, which causes a difference in density. This forms layers of water, better known as a halocline. In the case of the Black Sea, it stems from salty water spilling through the Bosphorus from the Mediterranean Sea into the Black Sea, where the water has a lower salt content. They can be pretty dangerous due to pressure differences and can pull you in, like it has to many fish
The mainland-Chinese cinematographer Jia Zhangke made a stunning movie about the impacts of the Three-Gorges Dam titled "Still Life". For anyone here who doesn't know about it, I highly recommend it.
Great material there, as always. Thank you for the time and effort you put into these videos. 🤘
Hydro power is pretty terrible for many reasons. Not in all cases, but more often than not.
@@Embassy_of_Jupiter All "renewable" power is pretty shit for the environment. At least dams provide lakes offering somewhat worthwhile habitat, unlike massive glass deserts constantly being sprayed with weed killer plus water with detergents to clean them in solar plants. It's why I am 100% behind nuclear and in future fusion...
@@KuK137 I don't think nuclear is politically feasible, the people are too retarded. All of this could have been avoided if we went all in nuclear in the 70s. But even with the urgency of today, people still don't want nuclear power. Never mind all the overregulation driving up costs. I don't see that changing, at least not in the West.
@@Embassy_of_Jupiter I'm Québécois, french canadian, so I know exactly what you mean. We built a lot of hydro dams, the process is long and complex, especially considering how, added to all the usual complexities, we also had to agree with the First Nations People whose land it was being built on. But we're mostly happy with the hydro stations, by a fair margin.
@@hugodesrosiers-plaisance3156Yeah it's good if done carefully, but horrible in the wrong hands and wrong locations. Like What China is doing or the dams along the Nile. Those are just like begging for catastrophe.
It might be "zero" carbon, but it's definitely not environmentally friendly.
Asianometry is the only channel for me to learn deep data supported studies on a number of topics relating to Asia. And the content related to Semiconductors is just cherry on top.
Eventually California will have to block off Sacramento River estuary in order to block off seawater intrusion into the delta. During certain times of the year there is not enough water flow to keep sea from flowing miles inland. Of course another reason may be sea level rise if earth continues to heat up.
good luck the enviro terrorists will prevent that
ye
Great video Jon! I never heard of costal reservoirs and yet they seems to be quite widespread. My country, Italy, has mainly mountain reservoirs but it's very hard to scale this solution as you correctly pointed out. This year it was a mess and we are going to need some kind of solution for the future.
The range of content you make is great, and really presents us in an informative way about a given topic, most of whom I have never heard about before.
The lack of dramatic presentation, combined with the on point pacing, gives me enough time to think about the topics, while also not boring me by being to slow.
In short, videos like this are great and I hope you enjoy making them as much as I enjoy watching them.
Either this guy is the most widely read and hardest working individual I have ever come across... or there is a team behind the channel. The rate of well researched high quality videos on this channel is too damn high.
These videos never fail to be interesting
It still blows me away that there are not more Nuke plants that also do water desalination. Not only does this keep the plant at full 100% output, it also makes it WAY more efficient as cooling towers are no longer needed, but the fact that you are basilly now getting twice the output out of the same power generation really is a boon!
You also get to use much of that waste heat energy in industrial process as well. Things like sewage treatment to fertilizer plants. Paper mills etc. In fact in colder climates? Having large public pools heated alone makes a cost savings rather a great idea.
Those cities that are close to the shoreline or sea should really think more about this. Even the cost of Installing large Water pipes would be incremental to bring in sea water to remote facilities in order to make fresh water more of a dependable source of irrigation for farming alone.
Sad that today? In 2022... Farmers have to make the choice between killing livestock and giving up on crops due to lack of water. Its almost criminal.
Thank "green" nutjobs funded by big oil and coal that pushed for impossible safety standards making nuclear horrendously expensive. If we applied standards 1/10 as strict to renewables and fossil fuel plants, not a single one would be considered economical to operate, funnily enough. Yes, it's criminal :(
He made video just about that.
ruclips.net/video/aNNt9O70ASc/видео.html
Going Nuclear to Desalinate Seawater
Unfortunately, public perception toward nuclear power are still negative. The idea of having a Nuclear plant next to their homes would be unthinkable.
Hell, most people dont even know how a Nuclear plant operates and produces electricity anyway.
It's gonna take us years (if not decades) to reeducate people on the importance and necessity of Nuclear.
@@hoangle2483 however the more nuclear plants you have running around the world, the more radioactive pollution will be produced for the future to worry about
@@megalonoobiacinc4863 Pollution? No. I would say pollution is something that you release into the environment uncontained, and i don't anticipate substantial release like that in the future, and to a small extent, radioactive material is just naturally present in the environment, so as long as you stay well under this order of magnitude, it's fine - and also to be considered that burning coal releases radioactive pollution as well.
Contained waste products that need long term management is what you might be thinking of. Ultimately the consensus has emerged that you can just dig a deep enough hole in some vaguely stable rock and bury the previously stabilised stuff in there, and then forget about it and it's absolutely fine long term without reservations, at least at foreseeable future scale of waste production (you possibly can't just scale it up endlessly); but then there's NIMBYs.
Other solutions include further use of what is currently waste but there are political roadblocks as well.
Ultimately current form of nuclear power is a temporary measure, to hold us over for the maybe next sub 50 years until we figure something out. As far as temporary measures go, i'd say it's pretty decent as long as it isn't the only hydrocarbon independence measure taken but part of a broader strategy. It's also a temporary measure because we're going to run out of uranium, so our potentially limited ability to safely entomb waste is well balanced by the raw resource being limited in the first place. So waste isn't really a problem.
Love your work, keen for the video
You cover some very important topics. Thank you sir
I mean, you could do the coastal reservoir thing, or you could dam and use so much of the river upstream that it never reaches the ocean, like the Colorado.
yep the case of the Colorado river is a huge disaster.
Or on occasion, as was planned before Global Warming became an issue, release tons of water in the Colorado river to simulate the pre-dam flash flood ecosystem, as was once proposed. Not sure what happened to that proposal, but with water scare now in the West I imagine that plan was quietly shelved.
It depends on the topography. You need mountains or at least hills and useful valleys.
You are amazing, thank you for bring it here!
Amazing videos long time watcher keep it up!
very informative and interesting, enjoying the content thus far.
Thank you. Much Love from the Philippines.
Nice, I can see my house on that first aerial map in Australia. Cheers
Great video as usual!
A video on microplastics would be very interesting
Oof that topic. Unfortunately the research is reeeeally shaky, and the public understanding of it is even worse. Odds are, if you've heard of microplastics, the only thing you've heard is that you eat 5g worth of plastic every week in form of microplastics. It seemed like it required a little explanation to me, so i followed where it came from.
The figure actually comes from a private report done to the WWF Singapore by scientists of University of Newcastle AU. Then, WWF produced pamphlets with the wording that people "could be ingesting approximately 5 grams of plastic every week on average".
Subsequently the scientists, Kala Senathirajah et al produced their own paper with the underlying methods and conclusions. The paper has two halves basically, first they estimate the number of particles an average human ingests, and the sources and pathways of it, it's meta-study or a survey of existing research and it's actually pretty good, it comes up with a figure of 2000 particles a week with a confidence window of an order of magnitude.
Continued in the next comment because i'm running out of comment length.
Continued...
The second half of the paper estimates the weight then, by fitting different solid shapes of up to 1mm in size (wat) to the number of particles, and... well it's really a load of handwaving at that point. The study authors themselves give their confidence range of between approximately 0.1g/week and 5.6g/week, with their best-effort estimate being 0.7g/week. And given their methods, i think they are undercounting their confidence interval, i think it's much worse than that, with several orders of magnitude of actual confidence. Really with existing data, no good statement could be made on how much plastic in terms of weight one ingests. That WWF chose to run with a 5g figure should tell you something. They presumably requested this estimate and then they took something near to the upper bound and ran with it, it's purely a scare tactic to drum up more funding. Which i'm a little ambivalent on, given yeah more funding is needed; but i wouldn't entrust WWF with it. It erodes the public trust into science and eco activism both, since it's fundamentally a dishonest tactic; someone at WWF will pat themselves on the back for a successful campaign, for winning a battle, while edging closer to lose the war.
I also think lack of good weight data is not entirely a coincidence, due to limited relevance of bulk weight of small particulate, as environmental erosion and chemical interaction are surface based. For weight, what you want to know is how much (macro)plastic you put into the ocean, and that's hardly a secret. Microscopic surface estimates are difficult, but particle count might just be a good enough proxy. Just not for weight. Like you request useless data, you get useless conclusions.
you consistently know the most interesting topics that I didn't thought of
You neglected to mention the primary reason that dam construction has declined: Once a suitable site has been utilized, there is no need to build another dam. The best sites have been used in the West, and the remaining sites are less economically viable.
thank you so much for what you do. learned so much
The one side benefit of coastal reservoirs is that it holds back the runoff and shows you what you're dumping into the ocean. I'd rather not have those plastics and toxins in the ocean. Tying it to a freshwater reservoir that's forcing us to treat it encourages some ocean stewardship
similar to what Singapore did with the Marina Barrage . they dam up the Singapore River and slowly pump the salt water out to sea, while fresh rain continue to fill up the other side and slowly reduced the salinity of the water, and years later it became like a fresh water reservoir.
I do like the Marina Barrage outcome. They also managed to get rid of the remnant industrial pollution.
Really appreciate all your videos Jon. A note on comparing cost of reservoirs with desalination. The cost of desalination is for water produced rather than water stored. Once you build your reservoir then you hopefully have that water capacity for a significant number of years.
Or were those costs including build and running costs spread over some number of years?
Always interesting. Thanks.
hyacinth is pronounced HI-UH-SINTH.
4:50 same could be said about all the dams the US has constructed, many towns were evicted by force too.
Your username is very good for your comment.
He litteraly says earlier that western countries stopped building them for that reason.f off with your whataboutism.
The price of progress, though at some point in the 1960s the US Corp of Engineers reached diminishing returns I once read.
commenting here just to help you out with the youtube algorithm, these videos are great!
I'm commenting before watching the video.
I previously requested more videos on the topic of water.
Thank you.
my friend you are most welcome please enjoy
Damn. Excellent as always.
Also, lol at 420 square miles. Fitting for the Netherlands.
I love when he say “Qingchaosha” 03:26🤣
History, world breadth economic, social and environmental coverage is brilliant
Hey, the Hetch Hetchy--the Bay Area's source of delicious fresh water straight from Yosemite. I remember that dam reservoir being brought up in an ESPM class at Berkeley I took during my undergrad in the 00's. Tradeoffs of environmental remediation and restoring the natural landscape versus leisure use and old timey boomers' favorite make-out spot. Also, all that water storage which helps with low rainfall years. Yeah.
Go Bears(!).
Go Bears!
7:45 Just FYI mate, it's pronounced "Won-Thag-Gi" rather than "Won-Thaag-Gi", essentially it's a short a instead of a long a sound. :)
Love the videos, so bloody informative.
I've read recently on Olympic Dam mine in Australia and that they use water from Great Artesian Basin (GAB). There are plans on building desalination plant and transport water from Spencer Gulf, but I wonder whether that GAB can actually replenish itself. I'm not a geologist, but I've read somewhere that upper mantle can actually be filled with superheated water and that it could be the actual source of all these artesian basins.
This could be out of date, but I was taught that the artesian is filled by rainfall in Queensland, and that it takes thousands of years for it to make its way across the basin. Also the Great Artesian Basin is quite salty, it may be much the same to desalinate seawater. Also Also, politics, anti-olympic mine greens have politicised the industrial use of artesian water, so desalinating seawater by-passes that issue.
00:13 - that's Bondi! 👍😎🇦🇺
They have a new technology, you find a river, go upriver until you find a valley, which rivers tend to make, then place a dam there and let the river water fill it. Cheap and easy.
Ok, maybe not that new...
Sounds like a good middle ground between desalinization.
I actually forgot to watch when it came out, but I wasn't expecting to see so much Australia in this video!
(also it's amazing when you use a kangaroo instead of a deer in other videos)
00:14: I actually don't know beaches that well, but I think it's near Sydney, maybe...it's probably famous uh-oh (reappears 12:38)
00:24: this looks a lot like Australia--oh I'm so dumb it literally says Broken Bay. I only know a few parts of Sydney & this is one
00:36: thumbnail, probably not Australia, but reminded me of somewhere in the north (for me, it has a vaguely similar shape (but nothing else) to Hunter Island group in Tasmania)
04:36: I think this is in Victoria somewhere, but I don't know the dams well enough. The dead gums are very distinctive in our dams, as well as the mountains.
04:47: I forgot the name, but it's in the Blue Mountains probably
05:00: now I know this one, the Gordon Dam, which is still very big and dramatic; and also the reason for the creation of the world's Green political movement due to Lake Pedder
07:40: Australia! You did pretty good on pronunciation here (you don't need to worry about pronouncing the R in Melbourne)
08:50: Australia -- another one of our engineering marvels... what do you mean the rest of the world would call it a failure? 😫 Only here can we make things worse with unintended consequences in such a manner (so proud)
11:25: oh no, Australia, why redeem ourselves? (so disappointed 😧)
very interesting topic, never realized something like this exist
"Cost of maintaining " lol here I n Latin america they made lots of dams which are BARELY mantained you can see the cracks forming everywhere I wonder how many years that local dam has before it floods the entire town
Do you use markdown for your subtitle notation?
Hey bro. Just wanted to say I really appreciate how long you kept at it, consistently making interesting videos. Gret job.
I am Team Magma. Earth doesn't need AS MUCH sea cover as it does currently. We should use already degraded, low biodiversity coastal areas for our purposes besides shipping, and fishing (which I am totally against, btw.).
The problem with rivers these days is that they might be really dirty. Dirty water storage.
Hoover Dam, one of the biggest? *Laughs in Itaipu's dam language*
I've not previously heard of coastal reservoirs. Despite their utility for humans, it clearly degrades the wildlife in what normally is a diverse habitat.
It's easy to criticize; it's harder to come up with solutions.
As opposed to flooding a river valley?
There is one thing which you could have added is that there have been studies which point towards a correlation between dams and earthquakes. Storing large amounts of water can lead to seismic events and should be considered building them away from large population centres
Lake Alexandrina is so saline because 80% of the water is taken out of the river before it gets to the lake and so the natural salinity of the ground water in S-E South Australia does not get flushed out of the lake. I doubt the weirs (not rally dams as such, they stop tidal backflow into the lake, but do not stop the river flowing into the ocean) have that much effect.
This is what the Sacramento River Delta needs.
"... Or 420 thousand square miles"
NICE...
had never heard of these before they don't seem to be too common in the US, and the wikipedia entry for this topic is very oddly written like someone copy-pasted it out of a project proposal instead
The chapter titled "The Problem With Dams" should have been "What's the Dam Problem?"
Otherwise, excellent video
ha or 'goddamn dollar'
That Kalpasar reservoir is going to be filthy lol
Storing means boundary was created? If a river from sea how it become fresh? Issit the soil filtered the salt away? The what it looks like at the corner or entry point of river from sea?
Any chance we may have a series of topics about drugs and biotech development in Taiwan, Korea, Japan and SG? Isn't they say biotech (i.e. cell therapy, new cancer drugs) is the 2nd treasure behind semiconductors? Another domain that doesn't rely on natural resources but human talents for the island countries!
Great new topic i do not know
Taiwan dug a tunnel through a mountain for $135M. In the US, I think just the permit stage would cost more than that.
Hong Kong actually has two freshwater reservoirs made from cutting off the sea. Besides the Plover Cove, the High Island Reservoir was completed in 1978. It was made from building two short dams from a peninsula to a nearby island (the High Island), cutting off the sea. It can hold a bigger volume of water than the Plover Cove. as the shorter dams was built higher (68m above sea level) than the long dam of Plover Cover (28m above sea). Algae problem during the summer is the result of organic wastes draining into the sea from all nearby cities.
A full video on desalination would be very nice. Very interesting topic.
Check out the video on nuclear desalination.
Do note Desalination plants also come with their own host of problems. Desalination plants use a lot of energy and usually require the construction of more power plant to power them... how they are powered leads to another series of environmental problems. and the brine they produce, unless carefully diluted with very large quantities of sea water will sink to the bottom of the ocean and kill all life it gets into contact with.
[Joke] "Just call Post 10 for the job, Post 10 knows how to handle water." [/Joke]
1:29 Nice
I liked his video, even it not being about dopping silicon.
1:28 bruh
China in 1997: If you keep Hong Kong, we'll cut off your water supply!
UK: We already have reservoirs, with one being one of the biggest anywhere
China: You've forgotten all of those reservoirs...are in the New Territories, which the lease is for. Not Hong Kong Island.
UK: ....OH SHI-
Dam...that's a lot of dams you showed here
0:11 I have to say that you meant to ask, “what is our problem with rivers, then?” Rivers definitely do not have a problem flowing into the sea.
Lake Disappears from Ground uplift on 23072021// in the Region, State of Haryana,
30 kms sq radius,, on the same day Niracongo eruptions in Africa,, Caspian sea Mud Volcano
Could we store the frash water on to off shore man made island. So the island can use its floating power to generate electricity and from the open sea the solar power and the wind power should be a good supply. It also can have some income from tourism too!
LA River Floods every 5 to 7 years they could store H2O easily in unused Port of LA.
What are the consequences of these dam building and holding back fresh water on the sea and it's habitat
At the end you said something to the effect of cities can't rely on any one source. That's wrong Cleveland has one source, lake erie.
\
0:25 Australia?
Would you look at that. 300k! Let’s gooo
I'm Australian, and that $1 billion to $1.7 billion USD per 100 gigalitre of fresh water from the desal plants is only so low because most of Australia's electric power is still from cheap coal.... use highly expensive renewables, and that cost will skyrocket to well over double. And yes, minus subsidies, the renewables cost more than double. I guess at least desal plants can be cycled to coincide with wind farm outputs, and the fresh water they create then stored in suitable reservoirs, but all of this additional infrastructure comes at an added cost, which wouldn't be necessary if the desal plant were allowed to operate whenever the water was needed by the urban water system, rather than also maintain reservoirs capable of building up useful qtys before the summer water shortages require them. Natural rainfall capture reservoirs will always be the most efficient way to attain fresh water, because rainfall is, indeed, solar power at its most efficient.
Raw renewables are cheap. It is storing the power that is the problem.
Is rainfall the most efficient solar power(a lot of rain goes where it is not wanted)? Or the cheapest solar power as you don't need to make investments?
12:25 I have serious doubts about that planned reservoir in India. India has some of the most polluted rivers on the planet. Many industrial plants reject their effluents directly into rivers. Peoples throw trash into them. All of that toxic soup eventually washes out into the ocean. The best argument for that dam is that it would prevent all of that mess from ending up into the ocean.
"The toil of all that be
Helps not the primal fault
It rains into the sea
But still the sea is salt"
I liked learning about this topic. Thank you. What are the issues with pumping desalinated and filtered ocean water, back into a higher altitude existing stream, or reservoir?
Seems like blocking natural water sources never works. Should water be stored in closed tanks?
I thought Marina Barrage was a disco star from the 70s!
1st eliminates golf courses what is more important drinking water or golf course
I'm a civil engineer and i almost live near near gulf of khambhat and i didn't know about that reservoir Details 😐😐
Floating solar with sealed off structures to 100% prevent evaporation wood make storm water in this way much more feasible and successful.
This can be avoided if the water could be stored in large lakes upstream, before they come to the sea and pump them to similar lakes periodically,inland
1:15 The 'Zuiderzee/Ijsselmeer ' IS brackish (the 'Markermeer is way less so). However we (Noord/Zuid-Holland) have a system to tap into the WAY less brackish water (Markermeer) to get it to our (not easily transformed) drinking water.
1:30 The water quality didn't become 'Brackish'. It became polluted by the Rhine, Amstel And the Ijssel (due to the BIG industries in Germany and Belgium and upriver-Netherlands). So please don't say 'Brackish'.
ALMOST good research.
Still love you though.
Edit:typo
9:58 'Policing' water quality is what is done here in the Netherlands. From Outside the dikes (e.g Seawater, and/or Brackish water in the boundary between river/brackish polder-floodplains).
1:30 lmao
I understand Australia will frack rock for fresh water storage. Interesting wonder if it is reasonable or too destructive
less metric ,more imperial units
Freshwater marine life suffers a lot. It would be better to reduce / control consumption until that is sorted.
In France we don't build more damn because there is no more good spot
Liked subbed and commenting
47 million USD per 100Gl? So, to put things in a more understandable scale, 47 cents per cubic meter.
very famous issues in Quebec with building hydroelectric damns. Mostly involving aboriginal displacement and changing the dynamics of hudson bay by releasing tons of fresh water during the start of winter as quebecs energy abundance leads to electric heating ulike the rest of canada.
I've just read a lot about Churchill Falls hydroelectric power station, it's in Labrador but still sells all of its electricity to Quebec. It seems like all the La Grande River power facilities still doesn't provide enough of cheap energy. I've also read about plans at continuing the power lines from Qeubec into US across Great Lakes and that all first nation people, indians and innu united to protest this effort.
One of my professors was actually a head of our institute in the nineties when it worked on a project of self heating power lines for Canada. He was a great man, he was fond of depleted uranium, foldable circuit boards and thermoelectric cooling. I always wondered on how often do they have these snow storms which destroy power lines, only now I realized that these power lines goes from a lot harsher climates than where people actually live.
@@sshko101 very interesting, quebec makes alot of money selling power to New England, most of the renewables those states run off of is from quebec.
Manila Phillipines have a huge laguna lake,within metropolitan area a fresh water but not utilized by d government 4 drinking water...
Chinese words sound so good in the English context of this video! ☺
'or 420 sqmi. Nice' lmfao
02:38 - A word I do not recognize is used:
"hi-ass-sin-iths"
Did you mean hyacinth, pronounced:
"hi-ya-synth"
One underrated reason why there is less interest in building dams is that with modern missle tech dams make ideal targets in the out break of a war. There is so much concern about this in china's military that they have special dam defense batallions
If we get to the point we’re dropping nuclear weapons on dams, we will have a lot of other issues like millions of dead
@@williamlloyd3769 you wouldn't need nukes to cause huge damage, that's what makes them ideal targets. With Taiwans current missle tech they could hit three gorges assuming they can evade any counter measures