Stars That Swallowed Microscopic Black Holes and How to Find Them
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- Опубликовано: 8 май 2024
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Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about primordial black holes and some that may have been swallowed by stars (and how to find them)
Links:
academic.oup.com/mnras/articl...
arxiv.org/abs/2310.19945
arxiv.org/pdf/2310.19857.pdf
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primord...
Planet 9 as a black hole? • Scientists Wonder If P...
Black holes inside exotic stars: • Could There Be a Tiny ...
Ultra massive primordial black hole: • Exotic Object Found by...
Strange collision: • Strangest Black Hole C...
Strange galactic neighbor: • Extraordinary Object F...
0:00 Black holes inside stars
0:35 Thorne Zyrkow Object
1:40 Primordial black holes - microscopic in size
2:40 Dark matter?
3:00 Properties of these black holes
4:10 Stars could easily swallow these
4:45 How they evolve overtime
6:10 How we could find them
8:00 Still just a hypothesis and how to confirm this
9:00 Evidence for primordial black holes
10:30 Search discovers nothing so far though
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🎶Black hole sun, won't you come...🎶 😂😂
I love your comment and I still like the song!
🎶and wash away the raaaiiinnn🎶
It's Black Whole Sun
Are you the one who commented "Teacher, leave the kids alone" on another short? 😂👌🏻
Well.. when you put it like that... 🤔😜
It has been theorized by physicists that such an object may one day wash away the rain.
However, if I understand it correctly, the Proponent (Chris Cornell) envisioned not an infusion or absorption, but a complete replacement.
😂
.........won't you come?
Yankovic et. w. al. hypothesized an object called the α-hole offspring instead
I think there's one in my bank account.
🤣🤣🤣🤣
I laughed out loud
Just like me frfr
Lmao
That's what the FED said.
1) this further confirms that there are microscopic black holes that pop up and
2) I swear that's why my shit keeps going missing and it's not me at all.
Thanks for sharing. Hope you and your partner are recovering well from the past. Much love.
Bloody Black Hole ---- swallowed one of my socks.
No matter where I look - it has completely vanished.
Big Dryer & Big Sock colluded to put µblack holes in dryers for bigger profits.
I really appreciate the way you present. You don't pad or waste any time. Your explanations are succinct yet complete and clear. Do you write a script? I appreciate, and can't comprehend, how much time and effort it must take for you to create a video. Nevermind doing it every single day. It's amazing! You're amazing!
Thank you!🙏🏼👍🏼🙏🏼👍🏼🙏🏼👍🏼🙏🏼👍🏼🙏🏼👍🏼😊
Anton has help.
I also love how non biased he's managed to stay all this time. He just presents the data. Doesn't add what he thinks. Doesn't try to interpret the data. He just reports on what's there and that's it.
@@TheDestroyer144he is biased when is something that go against the core of standard model of particles or the lambda CDM model of cosmology.
@@douglaswilkinson5700from Jesus?
@@Atok595 Like many RUclipsrs -- e g. Isaac Arthur, Fraser Cain, etc. -- Anton has help from others creating his daily videos.
Holy stellar indigestion, Batman!
This makes me sad in a way. Red Dwarfs were originally considered to reach billions or trillions of years old before they die. Now its like, if they get "infected" they will die within thousands or millions of years instead.
Rejoice then, because there aren't any primordial black holes.
Exactly, scary long term Fermi paradox here in fact:
1. Red dwarfs die fast (on cosmological timescales) so civilization can’t stay around them as the rest of the galaxy dies out
2. Tiny black holes with essentially undetectable mass potentially cloud interstellar space, potentially making interstellar flight much more difficult, as one might run into them and know nothing of it until their ship is destroyed.
@@gavinregier6177 There are no tiny black holes, and if they are as small as the one described in this video (less than a proton radius) they Hawking emit electrons, pions, perhaps protons,neutrons, antiprotons, antineutrons (depending on size) and gamma-rays like crazy from Hawking radiation. So we would detect them from antimatter annihilation signals. This is just not a plausible scenario, primordial black holes are forbidden in inflation.
@@annaclarafenyo8185 perhaps not, I was just giving essentially a scifi theory
@annaclarafenyo8185 you seem to know vastly more than phycisists with PhDs, to be ablo to say "they don't exist" so cavalierly
I thought that tiny black holes evaporate very fast
That's what big black hole wants you to think.
for a given value of "tiny", one the size of Bendu would last 10^19 years
any human scale one would, asteroid mass ones are massive compared to human society but are still “tiny”
Put it this way, a micro blackhole the mass of the moon would be around 133 um in size and take in as much CMB energy as it puts out, one the mass of the sun, well it'd be around 70 K, so downright frigid in astronomical terms.
The lower the mass, the hotter it'd be, but also even smaller, so that eventually one ends up with a proton sized object that's brighter than the sun.
Black hole math is basically the food of headaches. The mathematics and equations aren't all that complex, the numbers are well, numbers, what's going on and scale is where the head begins to hurt. As in, the mass of the moon in a black hole the size of the point of a sewing needle.
@@spvillano Black holes that small should have quantum effects, no?
Hello Anton! I hope you are doing well. Been a viewer of yours for several years now. Thank you for all that you do, keep it up ♥️☀️♥️☀️♥️☀️
The universe becomes stranger and stranger by the day. Especially with this RUclips channel
That's a new twist micro-black holes inside stars. Is it possibly impossible? Dark matter or "What's-sa-matter-you!"
Wouldn't these micro black holes "evaporate" fairly quickly? I remember this from somewhere, but this theory may have been updated since that time.
Planet 9 is a primordial (microscopic) black hole.
Movie, when?
Perhaps wandering microscopic BHs triggers the initial fusion of a new star, what about BH inside a neutron star, so many possibilities to ponder
thanks for the information anton. i hope we hear more about this in the near future
When i first heard of information in black holes , I wondered If walking through one (more likely it shootin thru U?) could create a Eureka moment, with the 'stars lining up' in a few places, so to speak
It certainly could bump around some molecules in your brain and influence your thinking, but I think you may have misunderstood what information means here
Information in this case is "Shannon entropy." So, a subcategory of information in this context is genetic information.
Entropy most broadly is the number of microstates a macrostate can be described by. A genome of 100 base pairs can be described as having 4^100 genetic states. Shannon Information is generally defined as coming in bits, so that Shannon Information content would be 2^200, I think?
So, the information in your brain can, indeed, be described in terms of Shannon Information, but not with our present ability to map the brain. It's not easy to do since your brain is an analogue computer, not a digital computer, and the Connectosome project has shown theres a lot more relevant variables that strongly affect its computational functions and power, but it is hypothetically possible.
The question here is, would a black hole somehow impart information to your brain, and in a way your brain can interpret, and the answer is.... no. Rather, the black hole will "remove" information from your brain. It won't be "translated" in a way that will make the black hole compute that info the same way your brain was doing, because a blackhole (almost undoubtedly) doesn't process information like your brain does.
Consider it this way: an electrode in your brain can copy information from your brain to, say, a computer, a satellite dish, a wifi chip, a digital clock, etc., but that won't make these objects think like a person. They just experience a state change.
Similarly, the black hole would experience a state change --- a popular idea is that as matter falls in, it causes tiny changes in the surface of the event horizon, (because each atom within the black hole won't be in the same location, so the result is similar to uneven mass within the earth --- the gravity well becomes "lumpy.") The "lumps" in the event horizon will effect what hawking radiation is produced where, which can create a kind of "rippling" across the surface of the black hole as the _hawking radiation patterns_ influence the event horizon's shape by tugging against it.
I like to compare it to the surface of a lake. An object falls in, it "records" when and where as ripples across the surface. But note: this analogy also applies with the idea of information transcription between incompatable information processing regimes. If you drop a computer in, the lake won't run programs in the computer. It won't boot up windows. Similarly, the patterns of your neurons in your skull might be "imprinted" on the black holes surface as ripples, but the black hole won't simulate the future those neurons would experience without the black hole. The black hole ergo won't think human thoughts.
And vice versa, information transcribed from the black hole to the human brain... somehow... won't make you experience "being a black hole," anymore than nucleotides and amino acids harvested from your food can be incorporated into your brain to make you experience what any animal it came from thought. The data is transcribed WITHOUT translation. An example of translation might be DNA to protein --- the ribosome has a computation system that translates from mRNA, (a message from the genome to be transcribed,) to protein.
I might be overexplaining this lol but Shannon Information Theory has some very profound applications, and can explain all kinds of things.
Another great video - fascinating. Been a fan, Anton, for the past few years!
Thank you for prompting me to research the presence of compact ultra dense objects within galactic star streams! I learned a great deal about the streams, including a bit about today’s subject. Thanks for being Wonderful!
Imagining proton sized black holes traveling near c.
This could also explain the phenomenon of the un-nova (dark supernova)
Wow! I never heard of this! Thanks, Wonderful Person!
PBS did an episode on it a while ago.
I'm a layman, but this got me wondering; if you could get a teaspoon of neutron star away from the neutron star, which I think would be a million times heavier coming away from a neutron star, and managed to get it here, wouldn't it go straight to the center of the planet?
There are a lot of stars to look at!
"Go through matter without much interference" - There was a question on physics stackexchange about this. If black holes emit hawking radiation, that black hole a million times smaller than an atom would have a temperature of 1.5 trillion kelvin and would evaporate over a period of 750 million years (without more mass being added). It's luminosity would be 55 gigawatts, emitting it as gamma rays. At 1cm the gravity would be 53,000 g, at a millimeter it would be 5.3 million g. Travelling at cosmic speeds it probably wouldn't be able to affect anything too much I guess outside a very narrow path.
Exactly where is physics stackexchange found?
How much mass is involved?
I thought that the planet 9 hypothesis was discarded when we searched more of the night sky and realized that the anomalies were not that abnormal.
I probably missed / misinterpreted something bc i heard about it via anton and he is still interested on the subject
He just mentioned it offhandedly I think. He does occasionally throw a bone to those who support fringe theories. There still remains no solid evidence for the existence of the mythical planet X or 9 or whatever some may call it.
It's not so much "shown false definitively," but rather, it's been shown the pattern can be explained by a survey bias. We could scrutinize the rest of the sky and find the pattern still held true --- wouldn't necessarily be likely --- or a similar but incidentally different pattern was there that showed there was another planet, even if in a different place and with different specs.
For the time, though, the planet 9 hypothesis is dead in the water until more _even_ surveying can be performed.
Interesting knowledge, thanks 👍😊
I look forward to this proving out. Because the more accurate of a picture we have of how everything around us looks and works, the better our chances at understanding it and developing warp.
Is that a new Wonderful Person shirt you are wearing? WANT. I have all the others.
About as good a theoretical explanation for dark matter as I have heard of, not that I have any science background.
Thanks or the intriguing idea, Anton. Let us hope it is soon proven, or disproven!
Wonderful as always Anton. Thank you. ✌️☺️
Hi Anton. Thanks
Black holes again, again!
Thanks Anton!
Fascinating!
Interesting video, thank you. I'm reminded of David Brin's book "Earth", in which a microscopic black hole is accidentally dropped into the planet from a research lab. The author explains exponential/logarithmic growth means no-one will know the hole is there until the last few minutes of its growth, when the Earth literally is swallowed up. Given feeding rates and the exponential growth curve, primordial black holes ought no longer be with us. And there's Stephen Hawking's issue of black hole evaporation to consider, too. Lots of food (no pun) for thought.
Oh, and it also explains why socks go missing in the wash.
Obviously there would have to be black holes possible within stars. You a know a star doesn't become more massive suddenly. It's just that the center of mass is more dense would have to cross that line at a certain point. So it's completely possible there are within stars big enough that there are super dense points that cross that thresh hold of requiring an FTL velocity to escape.
So unless something else is happening that can actively generate gravity in a unique way that isn't caused by directly by mass. The answer must become yes, that a star can contain that super dense point, even if not all the time, or briefly in that stars life span.
I don't have a link to the paper, but I recall that there was a project to look at neutron stars to rule out collisions with microscopic black holes of most sizes.
I loved this video,I was thinking eventually the little primordial black holes, if they exist, will grow in the centre of stars until everything big is black holes. Small rouge stars and planets wandering for trillions of years until I guess the very long evaporation of what's left, or perhaps some kind of critical limit will be reached which causes another big bang.
It's time again to point people to the PBS Space Time video _What If Dark Matter Is Just Black Holes?_
It details how most ranges of BH size have been ruled out, for various reasons, making them unlikely as a significant source.
Your specific example might have evaporated by now. Per hawking, ~10^12 kg black holes should have evaporated by now. Anything in that order of magnitude is less likely to exist at this point.
Amazing subject! Love the video!
Black holes know just one trick, and this is growing. Concerning density inside a star, fast growing is ineviteable.
Sounds not plausible for me, but on the other hand we know about disapearing stars
If we found a small fast spinning Black Hole in our outer solar system, that would be about as convenient as the black monolith in 2001: A Space Odyssey. An effective gateway to the stars in terms of power generation.
Also surely if Black holes were responsible for our Dark Matter fudge factor, we would be able to see the effect of evaporation rate in our models (Dark Energy as gravitational decrease?). The smaller the BH the faster the evaporation. Must be in a paper somewhere...
You need to give an explanation on where such small black holes come from. If they can not form, they can not exist. What could form a small black hole?
He explains it in the video.
If there's a such a thing as a sock absorption spectrum then one exists in my dryer 😬
thank you liked and shared
Now this is a wonderful title!
“..actually possibly..” 😂😂
You're awesome.
A minute BH with any difference in trajectory from the path of the object they interact with, will slide through with minimal effects. All other forms of matter will not be able to resist the passage. Essentially, if they are not in identical trajectories there will not be much to detect.
They will just blindly go their own way.
Anton, you have a gift for titles😊
Anton, Żytkow is read Житков. I am a language geek - it's stronger than me to resist pointing it out. Sorry, I love your work ;)
Imagine you're traveling in a space convoy and you detect a slight gravitational reading. You look out your window and see your fellow space ship get yoinked out of existence.
Out that on the map
Out that on the map
Put that on the map
Out that on the map
Put that on the map
Hi anton!!!!!
Yes, these are literally all over the galaxy. In fact the missing body in our solar system is a micro blackhole, approx the visual size of a baseball, that is on an elliptical orbit that regularly passes through the earths orbit around the sun. We are due for one such passing. While it is small it has an incredible mass for it's size.
Black holes are basically cosmic zip files. If a particle-sized Bennu hit Earth's atmosphere/magnetosphere and was perturbed enough to unzip, we'd see something exciting. Perhaps this is what that recent 'goddess' particle was.
Don't want one of these too close!
Sometimes you just need to say the word love and nothing else and all of a sudden microscopic black hole appears in your mind
This was the premise behind a book I read a long time ago called Dragon's Egg.
Hmmm, makes me wonder what the Generation 3 hyper massive stars at the very beginning would have reacted with a primordial black hole in them. The mush higher pressure would have made the cycle to destruction much faster. With the ending implosion/explosion might have made some amounts of the very heaviest elements that now are only made by neutron star hypernovas.
Shouldn't microscopic black holes evaporate very quickly releasing all the energy corresponding to their mass?
Can’t wait for Anton to cover the recent discovery of a dormant black hole circling the Milky Way.
Does a black hole go dormant because there's no stars or gas to consume?
This stuff is all over the map. Black holes require a super nova to come into existance; black holes eat stars. However they are also microscopic and remain the same miniature size, 13 billion years later.
Now, how many times does Occam have resurrect, only to die again from offended intellect?
I thought about small black holes while reading Lisa Randall's Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs. She hypothezed that dark matter might be contained within a thin disk in our galazy that disturbed a physical object sending it on a collision course toward earth. I thought the mass would have to be distributed intermittently or stars and galazies would constantly be thrown into disarray as they oscilated while circling the centre of our galaxy. Conclusion, teeny weeny black holes
Perhaps if this theory gains enough momentum, the next step would be to ask the question---does a massive star going supernova actually create a black hole, or is it a previously tiny primordial black hole that grew in that star. Then the new theory would be that a collapsing star doesn't create black holes, and that they were all created in the big bang, and were drawn into stars by their gravity
Check out Ken Wheeler magnetism and think about what he says ' if you wish.
Depends on if polar jetting is observed or not during star death, vs more spherical rebound of core collapse implosion. 260+ stellar mass stars are only conceived idea of internal devouring without noticeable spherical rebound, ending in massive polar jets and more of an external mass burn-off instead of traditional super nova.
If this pattern was observed at smaller levels, then they’d more easily justify pre-emptive blackhole existence within the cores. Probabilistically not impossible, but evidence however is currently far too limited to even remotely justify something like that as a common feature though.
@@darylbrown8834Looked him up, very interesting. I’m curious what he’d say about Sagitarius A* mysteriously on its side though. But I suppose that might simply be a product of its current level of dormancy and not when sufficiently charged for AGN.🤔
Dragon's Egg by Robert L. Forward uses this as a plot point (and not the most relevant one of the entire book!)
Awesomeness
microscopic black holes inside the sun is one of the plot points of "Dragons Egg" by Robert L Forward
I remember a study that showed that if micro blackholes were the source of dark matter, then they would have gravitational lensing effecta that we could observe. And the lack of such observations disproves them as a source of dark matter. It doesn't disprove that they could exist. Just that they can't be the source of dark matter.
Dark matter clouds DO cause lensing effects.
Curious how they could have done this. Discrimination of lensing can be very difficult, except under certain proximities or at extreme scales.🤔
@@stargazer5784 Not at the scales and frequencies that would be observed if black holes were responsible.
@@stargazer5784 but not in the way they would if they were black holes.
@@MarsStarcruiser I believe they used Andromeda. If black holes were the source of dark matter, then Andromeda would have all kinds of weird gravitational lensing that we could see, but do not.
Would gas giant planets also absorb microscopic black holes when they form? How would this affect the planets? Perhaps the energy from accretion into the black hole would heat up the interior of the planet and puff it up, making it have an unusually low density.
Against the Dark Star physics. Light can't scape because is a gravitational event.
But if black holes are just dual pressure systems (my theory) could be possible.😊
I think primordial black holes have already evaporated, I.e. Black holes the mass of the Earth or smaller. Mainly because if their tiny size, they would be relatively massively radiating Hawking radiation, making them evaporate at super speed. Thorne-Zytkow stars might be an exception to this. FOI, the Scwarzchild radius of an Earth mass is a little under a centimetre (8.87mm). That would be the size of a black hole if all of Earth's mass contributed to one.
Reminds me of T'Pol's microsingularities
I would imagine that a swarm of these tiny black holes might orbit around the centre of mass of a star
It might barely interact with the star as it passes through
the idea of a primordial black holes scares me for no good reason.
I knew it!
Primordial parasites- that's cool. I wonder if there is a part of the process that can balance the consumption, or if it always equals curtains. Thanks Anton.
Didn't you do a previous video about black holes inside stars?
Perhaps, micro black hole exist inside every planets and stars. They might be the reason why planets and stars are even formed.
If very small primordial black holes exist, it means that they do not emit hawking radiation, and do not evaporate, otherwise they would be very bright due to being so small, and so light in mass.
Anton, not only hypothetical but easily refutable/proved wrong.
Testable conjecture, the best kind of conjecture.
those blackholes flying around the universe seem like langoliers cleaning up everything after matter formed, eating whatever exists and can be attracted to it or attract the black hole to the object until it's all gone
Wasn't that like they were eating up every instant of time so that the next instant would exist, if you're lazy they will come and getya
@@roopi67 yeah those guys
@@Dvpainter then yeah I agree with your comparison 👍 😄
They are to small to get hit by particles to feed even in the highly compressed interior of a star. Black holes inside neutron stars is very interesting.
Is it a black-nova?
Is it a hole-nova?
Nope, it's a BLACKSTARNOVA !!
The book of the new sun really was a history book after all 😮
We should launch a gravity scope into space to view all the hidden black holes.
No one knows if such a small BH can actually grow. Although we don't know how to combine GR and QM, a BH smaller than a particle's wavelength could never absorb it (considering what we do know). So, a PBH at rest with respect to the surrounding matter would starve and eventually evaporate.
WOW>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
I thought primordial black holes should have evaporated by now from Hawking radiation. I guess they could be in a ring around galaxies, as postulated from the rotational rate, because they have not been around enough regular mass to form a star. There has even been one event that could have been a PBH passing through the earth but i thought it was calculated that it should happen more often.
Anton I really think you're the wonderful person. And The universe I believe holds Paradox of.
new physics to be discovered. I hope cern hold some of the answers.
In the future.😅
I can already imagine the kind of Clickbait that will emerge from these ideas, however, if someone were to find a way to detect these objects it would be a massive leap for astro-physics. Something that has a mass in billions of tons but is too small to see yet has the gravitational footprint of a much larger object, there must be a way of finding them.
If something like this were around when our solar system was forming it might have been incorporated within the central core of any of the planets and we'd never know. What if they were the seeds by which planets grow?
so the idea is that the black holes themselves are providing a churn effect that is stirring and expanding the verse....?
it could even be expanded upon to include multiversal theories....string theory etc i suppose?
Hmmm- So to put it broadly; "We have this wonderful thought experiment which MIGHT be possible, so lets look for some evidence!" *Finds no evidence* "That's because it might be undetectable, not because it isn't out there!"
Someone else besides me see a problem with this line of thought?
Bad ass Anton ❤
Do black holes spin,and do different directions of spin/or same direction of spin account for absorption or repulsion between all matter anti matter in the universe. galaxies on the same plane(ie same spin)form filaments/strings whilst other black holes do not orbit galaxies .do black holes spin?
💜
Star nurseries...nubulae that stretch many light years across that give birth to new stars. It always seemed bizarree to me that random movement of atoms would make these gargantuan clouds condense. Primordial black holes could possibly nucleate start formation in the same way that impurities and particles in the atmosphere and rain clouds can nucleate rain drop formation. We can not see into the cores of tars. Primordial black holes might be lurking there in every single star. Because of their density and small size there could even be swarms of them in the cores of stars. The stars themselves might just be the spherical evidence of the tiny black holes only eating as fast as they can and the star is just the dinner table. The primordial black holes are just part of the anatomy and not driving things, but still part of the anatomy and what gave rise to the birth of the star in the first place. The quantity and size of primordial black holes within stars might not be measurable compared to the overall mass of the gas in the star. Their presence might only have a minor influence on the fate of the star. But that does not discount that they could possibly be there.
I think it could reach an equilibrium for awhile achieve a sort of gravitational balance and maybe be responsible
for all star formation
What if the answer to the Fermi Paradox is micro primordial black holes are everywhere and they wipe out planets often? And we are lucky so far........what if in order to actually survive million of years you have to dodge primordial black holes like crazy and no one out there has figured out how to do so yet?
The black hole is the powerhouse of the ce- sun ;)
4:50 "As they grow in size AND as they become bigger and bigger" ...tautology, anyone?
Obviously you're as new to this channel as I am to the term "tautology", "redundantly redundant" was my prior goto, but now I like "a redundant tautology"
Yes, Anton does thi a lot. But it's kinda wonderful, in other words, it grows on yah.
Welcome newcomer!
Thank you for the new phrase "Redundant tautologies" to be added to my vocabulary!
@@ericwazhung As long as you're knowingly using "redundant tautology" ironically, I'll allow it ;-)
small correction, @8.05 "It's still just a theory"🤔...
Just wondering. Do these microscopic black holes measure 1 x 4 x 9