Case Hardening
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- Опубликовано: 1 авг 2024
- Brought to you by the Machine Tech Video Blog!
In this video, Adam and Todd show you how to case harden low carbon steel. They cover:
+ Pack carburizing steel
+ Using a furnace
+ Basic heat treatment
+ Basic steel metallurgy
+ Hardness testing
Follow along and case harden your own parts!
Music by Andrew Applepie:
"Festivities", "Spirits", "Klicks", "Take Some Time Off"
andrewapplepie.com
Special thanks to Todd M., Sam O. and Laney College in Oakland, CA.
For more about Laney College, check out the website: laney.edu/machine_technology/
AND BE SURE TO SMASH THAT "LIKE" BUTTON! 
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I learned a similar technique from Machinery's Handbook. The carbon material was combined with rock salt. The salt when it liquefies allows freer movement of the carbon, and creates a reducing atmosphere minimizing oxidation. Hold temp at 1800* 6-8 hours, reduce temp to 1400* for 2 hours. Remove from furnace and quench parts in water. Follow up with a draw temper at 400* for 1-2 hours. It's best if you can suspend your parts in the salt/carbon solution. I was making specialty hammers for metal smithing which needed case hardening. These already had eyes for attaching handles and I was able to suspend using baling wire. Heavier parts could be suspended using slings of several strands of baling wire. This whole process allows for more even, deeper penetration throughout the parts being treated. I never did a Rockwell test, I do know that once treated, then mirror polished my hammer faces never marred or deformed.
Seems like it would give you a very nice, thick case (100 thou or more). Not that common in industry. I do many "shallow case" jobs requiring only 1 hour at 1700 to meet the spec. I've only seen a few very deep case jobs. Thanks for sharing that old recipe.
When you just pass material science course without knowing anything at all such as pearlite and its brothers and you suddenly find a video in which you learn a whole topic in just 8 minutes.
I’m being in love with this channel!
No shit. I should have watched this video in school! So information dense.
So true... education expects you to be interrested enough to find out more on your own i guess... but it lacks the part where it teaches you to do just that, available, free and fun ways to quickly go deeper and uncover much more interesting things full of other more interesting things...
The song in the beginning gave me inner peace and taught me how to find calmness. I have been emotionally healed and cannot express my gratitude enough for this gift. I come here just for it atleast a few times a week. Thank you.
I kinda got irritated by the music !
I hardened my blocks by telling them their mama never loved them and life is a big fight!
@@emptychristbuddha but they hard af bro
Don’t you be sayin’ bout they Mama! Hmm huh!
I sprinkled viagra on my blocks
Aaaaaaahahahahhahahahahah
Yeah that should do it. That's pretty much my story and I dont even have real emotions anymore .
Congratulations gentlemen,
As an “old” retired toolmaker, I have machined quite a lot of tool steels, that were “sent out”, and did some in house O-1. I have never done any case hardening. Your presentation is very informative, and presented in a clear and concise manner.
I've been using tools treated in this manner for forty years and just learned what it actually is. Thank you
can you case harden 300 series stainless?
I learned this method in trade school in the mid-70's. It is quite effective, and a good way for apprentices to gain an understanding of metallurgy and heat treating, Very appropriate for making one's own tools without the expense of commercial tool steels. We were also using, along with the powdered charcoal, barium carbonate as a catalyst to speed up the process (As I remember, 10-20% CaCO3). Basically, what is happening is that carbon monoxide is generated to fill the sealed box, which gives the carbon to dissolve into the steel. More time gives deeper penetration. The early Mauser bolt action receivers and bolts were treated this way, as well as other makes of firearms. Even cast iron can be pack hardened.
Incredibly informative. You clearly explained the pearlite --> austenite --> martinsite process -- far better than any material science book I've ever looked at.
Excellent video. Thank you for taking the time to make it interesting, factual, and succinct. I have subscribed because I like the efficient way you put these videos together. Great work all-around. Much appreciated. I like your sense of humor as well.
A newcomer to your channel. I appreciate the clarity in which you explain your subject matter, bravo and keep up the good work.
You need to make more of these videos! They're incredible!
Excellent video. Thanks for taking the time to film and edit it and of course for positing it for our benefit. Keep up the good work! -Migs
Adam, your channel is straight quality!
Holy cow guys, excellent presentation.
Great video. The animations helped me learn about the grain structures. All this time I thought it was called "Case Hardening" because the metal was put in a case. Now I know better.
Love the Lindberg furnace. Chicago. Vacuum heat treat changed all that warping and carbon. Well presented video. Tool Maker of 40 years. Father knew ALL the heat treat methods. Good luck and make some big money with your knowledge.
What a great video! I am trying to learn more about steel hardness and its relation to carbon and this video was full of information and was very educational! Thank you and keep up the good work!
Thanks - excellent informational video. I especially apprecieated the concise but complete presentation of the process along with the science!
We did this in High School. I was lucky. Forever grateful to Mr.Earl
Hammerston.
EXCELLENT explanation and covering diverse topics
YOU GUYS IS THE INTELLIGENT OF THE CHEMISTRY AND THE MACHINE
excellent video! just subscribed ..love the thorough explanation of the process from start to finish..well done.
Great video. I needed to learn about this for my manufacturing job. Thank you!
I did! I have heard that case hardening can also be done by quenching in oil after taking the parts out of the first furnace treatment. This is for a decorative finish on the steel.
This is absolutely the first time i've subbed to a channel off of the the first 30 seconds of a video... Damn.
Thank you for the very informative video. I just finished a couple of small forming dies that are subjected to fairly heavy loads. They turned out very well and solved a problem for me. The only variation to your procedure was to add 10% by weight of sodium carbonate to act as catalyst while carburizing.
I was most impressed with your choice of carbon and it worked. We used Kasenit in high school and I understand it is no longer available. There is another product available but i will be using Kingsford charcoal in the future.
Thanks again and keep up the good work.
this video really helped me to understand this process, thank you very much.
Watching this on the day of my engineering A level helped a lot thanks
I worked in commercial heat treat for 30 years, cool video 👍🏼
Great video. One of the best explanations of the metallurgy that I've seen. Thanks for the effort put into the comment responses.
I'm a subscriber.
This is GREAT for new people in machining, whether machinists or inspectors. The right amounts of practical knowledge and science.
I just joined your site because i think your presentation is great
Friends, I make these Carbon Granules for carburizing and tempering process. My contact is ventasduraco@hotmail.com, the product name is Duro Carbon 310
Real good stuff. Actually understood the practical application instead of just mugging it up from books
Wish there were videos like this when I did my machinist apprenticeship
Very much appreciate your videos and hope you will continue to publish. Thank you.
Great videos dudes! Keep it up!
Thanks! My friend works at a place that makes transmissions for airplanes and helicopters and he brought me some scrap pieces of 9310. Pretty sweet steel if I can case-harden it properly.
Thank you, I've learned a lot from you than my school...
nicely done i was a general machinist for 35 years and never run across this process
That was awesome! Great use of my time.
Excellent explanation, and showing. Thanks
I did the same project in college but sadly got poor results as the carbon powder we had to use was too well used already and the carbon was leached out. Your crushed briquets are a better idea. Almost 60 Rockwell to 1/16"? Amazing! Well done.
That was an excellent video guys! God job!
Great stuff! Very interesting processes.
Best treatment of the topic I have seen to date. Now maybe do a Shop built Heat heat treat oven? Compete with controls thermocouples and wiring?
I did this with a machine shop class in 1973, we all made a pair of parallels. I remember as if it where last week. I still use mine weekly. We dumped the whole lot still red hot into a tank of water.
One of the issues with pack carburizing is the problem of getting the steel to pick up the carbon that the charcoal lets off. Commercial carburizing compound, like what you might buy at McMaster Carr, has additives to promote carbon absorption. I think one of those additives is calcium carbonate, but I am not sure. The advantage here is to absorb more carbon, therefore add more carbon per unit of time, giving you a deeper (thicker) effective case depth, a topic which you do not cover. With commercial carburizing compound, you get a harder, deeper case that responds better to quenching, ensuring maximum hardness and a thicker case. The minor disadvantage is the tendency to produce a "white" outer case layer, which is commercially too brittle, requiring a "diffusion" temperature cycle slightly below 1700F for a few hours before slow cooling. Also, you should be quenching in a fast oil (possibly a used motor oil for the poor man) instead of water to minimize the chance of cracking, which will ruin your part, requiring you to start all over machining another piece of steel. The reason why you are quenching in water is because the carbon from the charcoal briquettes was not being absorbed as fast as it could, requiring a more severe (water) quench to achieve a high hardness, at the risk of a higher probability of cracking the steel. Also, keep in mind to temper the steel immediately after quenching because some quench cracks are time-delayed, and will not occur if the steel is already tempered.
hi adam, please do upload more videos on different types of hardening,grinding etc and more of bearings
GREAT video.. I learned a lot.. You have a great vlog personality.. Thanks!
Almost as hard to finishing watching as an adult film. Amazing work gents. Really wanna fix up the C on an old J Stevens 12 GA Pap used as a "tractor gun, idk where to start, I can cold blue the rest.
Hi Adam, thanks for the video, I think this is the most comprehensive video about case hardening in youtube. I want to ask a question about this process, will the process alter the dimension of the part? I'm going to make a precision part using mild steel, with tight dimension tolerance, the part will be about 60mm in diameter and tolerance of 0.5um.
Thank you Adam.
You have demystified case hardening for me.
I seem to remember a much more toxic process I did Once at tech decades ago.
Never to revisit...
Not with crushed BBQ brickets!
1018 is Soo much cheaper than tool steels!
And I like the idea of tough core with a hard case.
Now for a pair of electronic controlled ovens....
In order to color case harden and get really pretty colors gunsmiths would use a recipe based on cyanide salts. Really toxic stuff, and probably what you're referring to.
This was really well done 👍🏻
Awesome video guys.
Thank you very much. I now i understand and see case harden works.
Amazing video guys keep it up
U people are doing great
Nicely done gentlemen.
Subbed! I’m definitely trying this process on some mild steel and try to make a knife out of it!
Hey guys, I have a quick question, if you carburize a mild steel knife blade fro a couple of hours, in order to succesfully finish the process does it need to be enmediatly quenched or air cooling it works just fine??
After the carburization I intend to clay quench it to make a hamon that's why I don't want to quench it after carburizing it and before apliying the clay.
Your voice and cadence is perfect for spoken word songs
Great Job guys! Keep it up...
So awesome content man! Please keep it up!))
thank you for sharing, I learn't something today
Thanks for the info & demo. Was interesting. Good video.
Two questions. Could you form mild steel into a raw billet so it sucks carbon all the way through? And can it be case hardened multiple times to get a good blade worthy steel like 1095?
how deep dose this case Harding go because I seen milling marks on them and they will need to be surface grinded after words ?
Will you grind the case hardening if you finish grind the blocks and the hardening only goes down 1/16th of an inch?
Great video! what does the treatment time depend on?
Now that's old school!!! Haven't seen that in years!!! 😊
This is an excellent video! Subbed...
I agree with Terry Davis.Best explanation of the metallurgy involved that I have yet seen.Well done and thanks for sharing.
Fantastic content 👍
Nice presentation. Subbed. More please😀
A good and informative video.
Fascinating! This is some incredible editing and the explanations are very thorough and concise. Thank you so much for making this video, it's very helpful!
I thought case hardening was a very thin layer. I didn't realise you could get really useful thicknesses of case using just charcoal.
Not something I need to do now but I'm definitely going to file it away in the mental locker.
Thanks very much!
hi ! thank you very much for the video, I would like ask, do you know what is the phase of the midde of the of the steel which wasn't cabunized? thanks
is the difference between annealing and tempering that you use higher temperatures for annealing ? as in red hot vs blue hot for tempering ?
Might be fun to relate what you did the iron-carbon phase diagram and TTT diagram.
Good presentation!
thanks for the video.. it helped me for interview
Great video. Do you do anything to burn off the oxygen in the box with anything wood chips etc? Or have you tried using foil? I have a few jobs to carburize and could use a few pointers. It it 8" Ø by 1" thick. Your thoughts please? Cheers from Canada.
can you plzz make a video on Nitriding?
Nitriding is very intresting, I would also like to see how gaseous Amoniac is handled in this process.
I learned a lot. Thank you.
I've been making knives for years and this is the best explanation of grain structure and how hardening works that I've ever heard.
Mr. Todd
Mr. Adam
Wow! So glad to see this vid. You peeps seem to know what your talking about. Thank you for clearing up some old misconceptions.
One question I havn't found the answer to yet, - inline with your process - quenching in water in fig 8 vs. quenching in warm used motor oil? Im thinking the carbon in the used oil would help out but maybe the idea is out of place here. Can someone help expand this thought please.
one more thing, thank you again for explaining the time, temp, carbon prep and hardness testing. All very important info. 1/16" Thank you.
have you tried to see how deep the carbon infusion on the box after years of usage?
great...
please do more videos on surface treatments and heat treatments, threads, machining processes, material science......thnx
This video has excellent production values. You deserve more views.
How did you calculate the time & temp vs the penetration of the carbon? Are there graphs or I have to use the Fick's Second Law?
Can you link the next video about, "finishing on the surface grinder" in the description?
sir I am always confused between sleeve bearing.
pls help
What is the hardness of 1030 if it is Case harden by 0.002 to 0.005 inch deep?
Excellent. Thank you.
Good video guys!!
Very informative video. Thanks for sharing.
What would be its HRC after carburizing (before quenching)?
Also, will you lose the high-carbon property of a case hardened steel when you anneal it repeatedly?
Patrick Tan it would be dead soft without quenching. Yes each anneal process would diffuse the carbon in the surface case
¿How thick does this work to? I ask because International Militry Antiques makes a surfaced hardened grabenpanzer that was actually tested by InRange and provided "good" protection, but not against most of the rifles they tested. It's been speculated that through hardening might fix it.
Great stuff
Is there a difference between using raw chunk charcoal vs briquettes that have fillers and lighter fluid mixed in? Or are those also technically (hydro)carbon sources and work the same?
so how do you get the scar pattern?
Excellent!