I'm convinced that the biggest jump in computer technology could be made if somebody just managed to build a reliable computer that uses a higher base.
@@H3Vtux No, problem. it's nice to see that there are some RUclips channels like yours that make good educational content that people can benefit from. It's unfortunate that your channel is underrated while so many pranks, vlogs, comedy, celebrity RUclipsrs have more subscribers and supporters. Hopefully, you get 1 million subscribers within this decade! Good luck.
Newer solid state drives use higher bases. It’s called 3D nand flash as opposed to traditional binary nand flash. A nand flash is just a simple circuit that can hold a charge. Before they used to be binary but now they can hold like 16 different voltage values so you can have more data in less space.
The downside to this is that TLC (3 bit so 8 voltage levels) and QLC (4bit per cell) flash storage is much slower and significantly less reliable then SLC, a lot of ssds actually use part of their cells as SLC cache which is partially why they get slower when they are full
Couldn't a computer use the polarity of a gate to count in base 3? Fluctuations wouldn't be as big of a deal as a low voltage could be a 1, high negative a 0 and high positive a 2 and the polarity can be switched very quickly, there's still a moment where when going from 0 to a 2 or vice-versa will give a 1 if it's read at the wrong time but as switching the voltage off is easier than hitting and maintaining a mid-voltage state accurately, the threshold could be smaller reducing the time spent in a transitional state, as long as the clock is properly synced the computer could avoid errors, in a binary system there will still be a transition period where the computer could read the wrong number as the voltage rises or drops above or below it's state threshold anyway and although I'm sure it's happened, this seems to be pretty rare because of the way everything is synchronized.
Storing more data in the same size. Translation is only limiting the speed at wich you read and write. As said in video, you have 65 thousand possible values with base 4 at 8 digits. 256 in binary that is. So the same ammount of space contains much more information
Thank you for explaining this in a way I can understand! I watched a few other videos on the subject and I felt I knew even less than before I started watching. I came to the subject because I am reviewing the film Prometheus on my podcast and one of the scripts mentions "trinary code" as this superior system and I wanted to know if there was any validity to that claim.
Well it is less reliable, as shown in the video, but there's a thing called "Average Radix Economy" and base 3 has the best of all positive integers. The Real number with the best RE is *e* (Euler's number) but it's not an integer, it's not even rational, which makes it pretty useless
Ternary (trinary) is like 20% more economical in CPU usage and if mass producing computers received a complete reboot, ternary would likely be the system that would be used, but due to the fact that binary was first to become the defacto system, it will likely remain that way. With solid state drives as capable as they are to record data in different number systems, there is no longer the restraint of on/off states like there was for magnetic disk hard (and floppy and tape drives.) The main reason ternary is more efficient is that performing one of the most basic logic functions, the ternary function of *else* is available with every trit (a ternary bit,) which would take quite a few bits to perform the same function. Maths are also performed more efficiently, since the three inherent states of a trit are -1, 0 and 1(+1) Since bipolar transistors would be used for a ternary CPU, there isn't a problem of in between states because the states of a trit would be either negative voltage, positive voltage or off.
I'm new to your videos. I'm interested in the flash drives and really anything I can learn about how and why things work. I'm a mechanics student. Thank you and please keep making your videos!
I'm glad ytou mentioned ssds I'm watching because I've taken a minor interest in ternary which might be a unique case but it might not be practical to get the small advantages it has hypothetically.
Hello I know quantum computing can not just be a 1 and a 0 as in traditional computing but it can be 1 and 0 at the same time. I believe that is the basic premise but other than that I'm very dumb when it comes to computers. To me it's just magic wizardry. If anyone has a basic guide to how they work and where to start I'd like to learn but honestly my brain wired in that way. I like science better but understand this is a science of maths and physics but have no idea where to start. I am trying though. Cheers
Seems like base 3 is ideal for modular logic, so while the rising and falling edge is a problem for voltage signals in balanced ternary, it could be solved by encoding the signal in the phase instead
Yes i would love to hear your explanation on how ssd memory works. How storage and access occurrs. Thank you for your great explanations, I'm finding them most helpful and informative
Reliabilty - where you don’t lose data - like letters in words. If a single letter is missing in a shorter word it makes more of a difference than losing a single letter in a longer word.
So if we can engineer a new medium that has more reliability of "charge level" (or whatever the equivalent in the new type of transistor would be), then that would enable higher logic level computers, and most definitely be a nobel prize winner.
Something left out: In signal-cables, a switch from positive voltage to negative voltage can represent zero (or one), a change in polarity in the other direction one (or zero), as far as I know this is how data is transmitted over cables extremely efficiently. I do not even want to think about how this would be done in a non-binary logic!
Thanks for the explanation! To me it looks like it makes sense for quantum computers to use a base 3 system. I believe we have qutrits already. I'm curious about a few things. How many base base 3 transistors ( assuming they are reliable ) would be we need to beat the current base 2 cpus with 2-3 billion transistors?
Why have you used 4 as an example and not 3? 3 has actually been stated to be the most effecient system and it's not got the same reliability risk as base 4 as you have a leway of 33.3333...% which is still relatively low risk. Even innovators like IBM and Samsung have dabbled in trenary and recognise its potential. It's more about the laborious process of producing such technology and distributing it en mass which is holding them back when all the current software architecture is based on base 2/binary. You can't really blame them for not being hasty trailblazers in such a difficult venture.
You are just unbelievable knowledge guy. Every university (at least for my old trash university ;d) teachers should get a lesson from you how to teach lesson students !!
Using AC instead of DC I think a ternary or even quaternary system could be made. A balanced ternary system can be where 1 direction of flow is 1 and the other is -1 while no flow is 0, and for a quaternary system you can just use 2's complement and have the voltage directions represent 0, 1, 2. Though this would be much slower.
Bro just use base 1, smh my head these people have no idea what they're doing. Regardless, I'd love to hear about the hard drive stuff, your videos are amazing.
This is just the engineering side of implementation assuming boolean algebra. When ternary computers where invented, they didn't just use it with a base-3 system, but instead the whole paradigm of logic was different. It was ternary logic, which includes an element of uncertainty, fundamental in the quantum world.
3:48 it's not completely useless. you're ignoring that it takes more "bits", which means more space, more transistors, or to be general, more components. This isn't a strong objection, but it's one not to overlook in technicality. So it's not that it's useless, it's just that the tradeoff of reliability vs space heavily favors reliability.
@@P47CH3Z: There are so many kinds of instances where I've seen people state ranges of numbers that fail to include the divider number either on one side or the other that it's insane!
Hmmm... MIDI devices reliably send/recieve up to 128 different levels, on each MIDI CC#. I seem to remember reading that it uses frequency/volt for this, and not binary code, but im not 100% sure...
{addendum: "Balanced Ternary is the future."} - Voltage can go negative as well. Use negative and positive voltage both, and you will be able to achieve a reliable ternary logic level. The Russians already managed to make a balanced ternary computer back in the 1970s that I've heard was up to 2000s era specifications.
I mean there's no shred of doubt that current technology wouldn't be capable of building ternary computers. The question is whether a company will take the risk and spend a huge amount of money in order to aid the development of three level logic systems
But this problem can be easily bypassed if we use 3 cables: one for 0 one for 1 and one for 2. Then you need to have 3 different cables for the Ethernet, 3 tracks on a CD or hard drive. 3 copper link in the circuits and so on... Yeah you will have CPU that are a bit bulky at the beginning but the potential is enormous
"0-25% could be 0; 25-50% could be a 1..." How would that work, when you have the range-limit numbers in two slots at the same time (25 is in both 0 and 1, while 50 is in both 1 and 2, etc.)? Take your picks; they can't be in both!
Title: Why can't computers use base 3 instead of binary Video: Why can't computers use base 4 instead of binary Dude... 67.7% accuracy is all it needs and it is nothing. The actual real reason is the cost of ternary transistors because we combine two binary transistors to create one ternary transistor. So we only need a more efficient way of building ternary transistors and that's it. Also, the whole world isn't used to such computers! It still needs an operating system and the assembly language and a reliable high-level programming language to actually even make it to the market and programmers could develop it and people actually buying! No one would think to even invest in such an awesome invention that'd revolutionize the whole world because of how weak and expensive it would be at first which is sad...
3:27 no, it is not entirely the primary reason. i have been trying to build my own ternary gates, full adders, full subtractors, etc for a while now and believe me, working with an extra state is extremely hard. not even on a voltage level. (im working with an unbalanced fractionary scale, so 0V, 1/2(+V), +V since it is easy to divide voltage and use op amps like so without using negative voltage.) because you have this awkward middle half state, you can make a full adder with results except implementing the truth table is extraordinarily complex. you need gates that allow the middle half state to pass through without processing, you sometimes need to eliminate the middle state all together to make is 0 and 1 again, sometimes you need the middle state back... but how? you just removed it to get 0 and 1! point is, its very hard.
You're more or less referring to the "rising edge/falling edge problem" which I did talk about at 4 minutes. I would still argue the *primary* reason base two was chosen was because of noise variation, but I guess you can'r really quantify the reasons.
@Basics Explained, H3Vtux i mean not even with rising and falling edge issues, im talking about making the actual gate truth tables which is a whole issue in of itself
@@ithaca2076 OOOOOH i see. Yeah I can imagine working with truth tables with more than 2 variables would be agony. That's all a bit more complicated than I think I can really get into with a 5 minute video haha. I did do a video on logic gates and truth tables though I didn't talk about that issue specifically ruclips.net/video/vJO-5gY0wpk/видео.html
How about expressing the ternary system as, for example, a manual car shift, with the center as the neutral state? Sorry if I made a mistake because I am using a translation.
yeah, but, ternary computer is build on top of binary system, instead using just 1 light blub to represents true and false, you use two light blub to represent 3 states, aka, false, maybe, true, so you get extra state instead of two where 10 represents -1 , 11 represents 0, 01 represents positive 1. so you only need 3 sets of ternary system to represent 27 combination, whereas the same amount of execution in binary, you need at least 256 combination.
Why not use base 2? I'm sure with newer technology we CAN make voltage stabilizers good enough to stay within 15% margins..? (0-33 =0, 33-67=1, 67-100=2). The rising and falling edge can perhaps be eliminated by installing reading intervals set to max theoretical values..? Or are these intervals too long for practical use? If so, maybe with the higher base, and fluctuations eliminated? Or better yet, wouldn't this mean that the next computing breakthrough is after eliminating power fluctuations and moving to higher value bases when stable enough?
We CAN make stabilizers better than the ones that existed when the decision on Base 2 was made, but it still comes down to cost. We're talking billions of two state mechanism in even the smallest computers. In addition to everything else it has to be kept in mind that every single machine language interpreter has been optimized around using Base 2, if we somehow managed to make a CPU using base 3 tomorrow it wouldn't be as simple as plugging it in and having it work.
@@H3Vtux Well obviously there'd be difficulties adapting language (although couldn't we use the ssd translator method now as a temporary crutch?), and it'd be harder to implement, but surely we can do it by making it bigger, plus, isn't the current technology approaching the point its pretty much in a snag? Meanwhile this direction at least SEEMS to have some promise, if you get past the difficulties, which is always a step for new tech anyway... Also, would it be wrong to assume that if we someday hit base 10, we could use something closer to normal math much easier without less need for some of the coding to begin with, on top of the increased efficiency?
@@mkzhero I'm nowhere near an expert on this topic so take all this with a grain of salt but some thoughts: --->Translators are well and good and in fact already used for some things, (some external storage devices actually currently use base 4 and 8, and the translation occurs in the transfer process.) While fine for data storage This would be much harder to adapt to things like instructions in a CPU where the process of translating costs precious miliseconds of speed. --->If we got to the point where the rising edge falling edge probelm were no longer an issue, I think we might as well skip base 3 and hit something higher, again i'm not sure of this. --->With machine code, working in number systems that humans are familiar with aren't that important. If we could go really high there would be no reason to arbitrarily limit ourselves to base 10 simply because it's what humans like, we might as well go to 15 or 20 or better yet something like 16 or 32 which would be easier to translate current base 2 data into.
why dont just instead of voltage amount, just use binary mini circuit to change energy POSITION and measure WHERE the energy is instead of trying directly base 3 or 4? or using that make base 4 computer that converts things to base 2 before sending or receiving from internet or components?
What about balanced ternary logic using +1V, 0V and -1V ? Or others voltages values... In this case, the reability is better than the unbalanced ( only non negative signals )
But what cause these fluctuations ? Don't we know enough about quantum physics, metrology etc in 2022 to maintain accurates voltages. Maybe ternary would work just fine and be more efficient.
Dude had this question for a while idea doe with somthing to protect against a surge or fa sort why not take electricity’s fluctuations and proceed to have it like a pressure gage with gates of a sort with taking account the average and how high or low it dips under certain conditions add ing a third state when the voltage crosses offer the limit of the highest point idk I have low understanding but seems like it would help with the reliability part with a resistance factor just a stupid idea
YEESSSS!! finally someone make a correct depiction HOW mechanical binary should be describe!!! ITS NOT ON AND OFF! There's currents pass through in you computer anyway~! the one its(your devices chips) done is "reading" the signal back to binary and vice versa. So opening and closing of transistor is absolutely no matter bc each state of actual bit position of 0 is held back by low charge and 1 pass thru by "semiconductor gate" if given some over or enough charge to it.
I'm convinced that the biggest jump in computer technology could be made if somebody just managed to build a reliable computer that uses a higher base.
Can make it ?
@@alishaleno Yes. Many people are trying.
Some computers already use ternary Logic but sadly due to the high number of already existing binary programs, they aren't used that much...
Quantum computers might take off one day.
@@Mbrace818 Quantum computer will have their use cases, but they won't be much of a use for what everyday people use computers for.
This man's RUclips channel is highly underrated, he deserves at least 1 million subscribers for this valuable content.
Thanks man, I really do appreciate comments like this, I hope to get to 1 million someday!
@@H3Vtux No, problem. it's nice to see that there are some RUclips channels like yours that make good educational content that people can benefit from. It's unfortunate that your channel is underrated while so many pranks, vlogs, comedy, celebrity RUclipsrs have more subscribers and supporters. Hopefully, you get 1 million subscribers within this decade! Good luck.
He's at 185K now.
may you get to 1 million soon
I am interested in the stuff with hard drives.
Me too
Me too as will
Guess we will never know
same
I too am also interested
Newer solid state drives use higher bases. It’s called 3D nand flash as opposed to traditional binary nand flash. A nand flash is just a simple circuit that can hold a charge. Before they used to be binary but now they can hold like 16 different voltage values so you can have more data in less space.
thats cool
So that the reason why we can have such high density,high capacity storage devices in a small form factor now!
The downside to this is that TLC (3 bit so 8 voltage levels) and QLC (4bit per cell) flash storage is much slower and significantly less reliable then SLC, a lot of ssds actually use part of their cells as SLC cache which is partially why they get slower when they are full
Taking a break from studying for my CCNA and came here and went on a binge and learned like 20 more things. You're channel is awesome!
Where are you learning CCNA?? suggest some nice channel please
CCNA from cisco?
Your* sorry
Couldn't a computer use the polarity of a gate to count in base 3? Fluctuations wouldn't be as big of a deal as a low voltage could be a 1, high negative a 0 and high positive a 2 and the polarity can be switched very quickly, there's still a moment where when going from 0 to a 2 or vice-versa will give a 1 if it's read at the wrong time but as switching the voltage off is easier than hitting and maintaining a mid-voltage state accurately, the threshold could be smaller reducing the time spent in a transitional state, as long as the clock is properly synced the computer could avoid errors, in a binary system there will still be a transition period where the computer could read the wrong number as the voltage rises or drops above or below it's state threshold anyway and although I'm sure it's happened, this seems to be pretty rare because of the way everything is synchronized.
The quality of the content offered on this channel is astounding.
Thank you for your work
Dude your videos are so simple yet so well made, keep up the good work
I'd like to know how hard drives storage data and how the operative system organizates it on the disk
I have a feeling it has to do with the rising/falling edge problem.
An ssd or harddrive? Dedupe in fs or dedupe in controller or no dedupe? Transparent compression? Driver or os level?
Many variables here.
Can we skip over the voltage reading method?
Really curious how the flash drives can do base 4 and a computer shouldn't
Thanks so much for the video!
+1
I am interested in all your videos.
Seriously, I found your channel today and all your videos are very informative. Thank you
all I want to say just that you are great
What's the advantage of a flash drive using a base-4 system if it just has to be translated into binary by the computer anyway?
Storing more data in the same size. Translation is only limiting the speed at wich you read and write. As said in video, you have 65 thousand possible values with base 4 at 8 digits. 256 in binary that is. So the same ammount of space contains much more information
Storage density
Thank you for explaining this in a way I can understand! I watched a few other videos on the subject and I felt I knew even less than before I started watching. I came to the subject because I am reviewing the film Prometheus on my podcast and one of the scripts mentions "trinary code" as this superior system and I wanted to know if there was any validity to that claim.
Well it is less reliable, as shown in the video, but there's a thing called "Average Radix Economy" and base 3 has the best of all positive integers. The Real number with the best RE is *e* (Euler's number) but it's not an integer, it's not even rational, which makes it pretty useless
Ternary (trinary) is like 20% more economical in CPU usage and if mass producing computers received a complete reboot, ternary would likely be the system that would be used, but due to the fact that binary was first to become the defacto system, it will likely remain that way. With solid state drives as capable as they are to record data in different number systems, there is no longer the restraint of on/off states like there was for magnetic disk hard (and floppy and tape drives.)
The main reason ternary is more efficient is that performing one of the most basic logic functions, the ternary function of *else* is available with every trit (a ternary bit,) which would take quite a few bits to perform the same function. Maths are also performed more efficiently, since the three inherent states of a trit are -1, 0 and 1(+1)
Since bipolar transistors would be used for a ternary CPU, there isn't a problem of in between states because the states of a trit would be either negative voltage, positive voltage or off.
I'm new to your videos. I'm interested in the flash drives and really anything I can learn about how and why things work. I'm a mechanics student. Thank you and please keep making your videos!
I'm glad ytou mentioned ssds I'm watching because I've taken a minor interest in ternary which might be a unique case but it might not be practical to get the small advantages it has hypothetically.
Thank you for the video, i'm interested in the solid state drive thing.
Yes. This was my first question after your other binary video. Thank you!
Please can you explain the idea behind quantum computer's and why they can do stuff normal computers cannot. Thanks in anticipation !
Hello I know quantum computing can not just be a 1 and a 0 as in traditional computing but it can be 1 and 0 at the same time.
I believe that is the basic premise but other than that I'm very dumb when it comes to computers. To me it's just magic wizardry.
If anyone has a basic guide to how they work and where to start I'd like to learn but honestly my brain wired in that way.
I like science better but understand this is a science of maths and physics but have no idea where to start. I am trying though. Cheers
Please also make a video explaining HOW it's okay SSDs to store data in BASE 4, BASE 8, and BASE 16..
You have a unique way of explaining things..
This was interesting, i wonder sometimes myself as well.
Seems like base 3 is ideal for modular logic, so while the rising and falling edge is a problem for voltage signals in balanced ternary, it could be solved by encoding the signal in the phase instead
Yes i would love to hear your explanation on how ssd memory works. How storage and access occurrs. Thank you for your great explanations, I'm finding them most helpful and informative
Great video! So far I have seen 4 videos of yours, and they have all been great.
Reliabilty - where you don’t lose data - like letters in words.
If a single letter is missing in a shorter word it makes more of a difference than losing a single letter in a longer word.
Would love to have a video on the hard drives, you make great content
Oh yeah, i wouldn't mind you to tell us more!!
thank you I love these crystal clear explanation videos
omg thank you! i have wondered this exact question for years and never got a clear answer until now.
Nice video. Please explain more.
So if we can engineer a new medium that has more reliability of "charge level" (or whatever the equivalent in the new type of transistor would be), then that would enable higher logic level computers, and most definitely be a nobel prize winner.
Something left out: In signal-cables, a switch from positive voltage to negative voltage can represent zero (or one), a change in polarity in the other direction one (or zero), as far as I know this is how data is transmitted over cables extremely efficiently. I do not even want to think about how this would be done in a non-binary logic!
I'm now wondering about the three states used by flash drives.
What about using negative voltage to create a base 3 system. So in a 1.5 volt system 0 is off, 1 is +1.5v and 2 is -1.5v. Would this not work?
Thanks for the explanation!
To me it looks like it makes sense for quantum computers to use a base 3 system. I believe we have qutrits already. I'm curious about a few things. How many base base 3 transistors ( assuming they are reliable ) would be we need to beat the current base 2 cpus with 2-3 billion transistors?
Why have you used 4 as an example and not 3?
3 has actually been stated to be the most effecient system and it's not got the same reliability risk as base 4 as you have a leway of 33.3333...% which is still relatively low risk.
Even innovators like IBM and Samsung have dabbled in trenary and recognise its potential. It's more about the laborious process of producing such technology and distributing it en mass which is holding them back when all the current software architecture is based on base 2/binary. You can't really blame them for not being hasty trailblazers in such a difficult venture.
can you do a video explaining SSD? or SSD vs hard drive?
I deeply appreciate your videos... Whatever the source of BLESSINGS is follows you
You are just unbelievable knowledge guy. Every university (at least for my old trash university ;d) teachers should get a lesson from you how to teach lesson students !!
Well explained.
Yeah, you just said why it's a bad idea, and then you said "but these things do it."
Duh. Of course I wanna know how they make it okay.
Nice one...now let's have the hard drives one ....
Using AC instead of DC I think a ternary or even quaternary system could be made. A balanced ternary system can be where 1 direction of flow is 1 and the other is -1 while no flow is 0, and for a quaternary system you can just use 2's complement and have the voltage directions represent 0, 1, 2. Though this would be much slower.
Bro just use base 1, smh my head these people have no idea what they're doing.
Regardless, I'd love to hear about the hard drive stuff, your videos are amazing.
I heard that in terms of the efficiency the only base better than 2 is 3, then 4 is worse than 2 and they get worse afterwards.
This is just the engineering side of implementation assuming boolean algebra. When ternary computers where invented, they didn't just use it with a base-3 system, but instead the whole paradigm of logic was different. It was ternary logic, which includes an element of uncertainty, fundamental in the quantum world.
LOL "If you're interested..." he says. I literally want to hear everything you have to say about this stuff!
This was amazing :O
You really should have more subscribers than you do!
please please, please can u do a video on ip and ports UDP and TCP , I have watched a lot of vids but i cant get it right please
Interested in external SSD
Now I understand. Back then, I keep experimenting about different circuits that compute base 3 numbers.
Just wondering.. what software do you use to make these videos..? Anyone know? I enjoy these btw
I use Adobe after effects for everything. And thanks I'm glad you enjoy them!
@@H3Vtux is this Adam?
@@john.john.johnny This is me indeed. Who are you?
3:48 it's not completely useless. you're ignoring that it takes more "bits", which means more space, more transistors, or to be general, more components. This isn't a strong objection, but it's one not to overlook in technicality.
So it's not that it's useless, it's just that the tradeoff of reliability vs space heavily favors reliability.
Thank... Man U r very good.....i suggest you should upload videos regularly....u can get millions of subs...💪
I have a question:what is pyro talking about
What happened in the year 2000 ? How did they make the switch ?
You mentioned less than 50% charge and greater than 50%. But what about right AT 50%?
@@P47CH3Z: There are so many kinds of instances where I've seen people state ranges of numbers that fail to include the divider number either on one side or the other that it's insane!
Tell us how SSD work
I am interested in the stuff with hard drives. Make it already! Thanks.
Hmmm... MIDI devices reliably send/recieve up to 128 different levels, on each MIDI CC#. I seem to remember reading that it uses frequency/volt for this, and not binary code, but im not 100% sure...
{addendum: "Balanced Ternary is the future."} - Voltage can go negative as well. Use negative and positive voltage both, and you will be able to achieve a reliable ternary logic level. The Russians already managed to make a balanced ternary computer back in the 1970s that I've heard was up to 2000s era specifications.
I mean there's no shred of doubt that current technology wouldn't be capable of building ternary computers. The question is whether a company will take the risk and spend a huge amount of money in order to aid the development of three level logic systems
@@wauwau1 >company
reject companies, embrace independent progress
@@1d10tcannotmakeusername hell yeh 😎
But this problem can be easily bypassed if we use 3 cables: one for 0 one for 1 and one for 2. Then you need to have 3 different cables for the Ethernet, 3 tracks on a CD or hard drive. 3 copper link in the circuits and so on... Yeah you will have CPU that are a bit bulky at the beginning but the potential is enormous
"0-25% could be 0; 25-50% could be a 1..." How would that work, when you have the range-limit numbers in two slots at the same time (25 is in both 0 and 1, while 50 is in both 1 and 2, etc.)? Take your picks; they can't be in both!
Title: Why can't computers use base 3 instead of binary
Video: Why can't computers use base 4 instead of binary
Dude... 67.7% accuracy is all it needs and it is nothing. The actual real reason is the cost of ternary transistors because we combine two binary transistors to create one ternary transistor.
So we only need a more efficient way of building ternary transistors and that's it. Also, the whole world isn't used to such computers! It still needs an operating system and the assembly language and a reliable high-level programming language to actually even make it to the market and programmers could develop it and people actually buying! No one would think to even invest in such an awesome invention that'd revolutionize the whole world because of how weak and expensive it would be at first which is sad...
No mention of balanced ternary?
so it was a hardware problem all along.
that means that we might
with the help of electric and material engineering
be capable of doing it.
Thanks for sharing this with us
3:27 no, it is not entirely the primary reason. i have been trying to build my own ternary gates, full adders, full subtractors, etc for a while now and believe me, working with an extra state is extremely hard. not even on a voltage level. (im working with an unbalanced fractionary scale, so 0V, 1/2(+V), +V since it is easy to divide voltage and use op amps like so without using negative voltage.) because you have this awkward middle half state, you can make a full adder with results except implementing the truth table is extraordinarily complex. you need gates that allow the middle half state to pass through without processing, you sometimes need to eliminate the middle state all together to make is 0 and 1 again, sometimes you need the middle state back... but how? you just removed it to get 0 and 1! point is, its very hard.
You're more or less referring to the "rising edge/falling edge problem" which I did talk about at 4 minutes.
I would still argue the *primary* reason base two was chosen was because of noise variation, but I guess you can'r really quantify the reasons.
@Basics Explained, H3Vtux i mean not even with rising and falling edge issues, im talking about making the actual gate truth tables which is a whole issue in of itself
@@ithaca2076 OOOOOH i see. Yeah I can imagine working with truth tables with more than 2 variables would be agony.
That's all a bit more complicated than I think I can really get into with a 5 minute video haha. I did do a video on logic gates and truth tables though I didn't talk about that issue specifically ruclips.net/video/vJO-5gY0wpk/видео.html
@Basics Explained, H3Vtux haha yea well i guess with enough effort i could figure i out. anything is possible
How about expressing the ternary system as, for example, a manual car shift, with the center as the neutral state?
Sorry if I made a mistake because I am using a translation.
Can you use 2 cells to contribute to one number
Thank you. Makes alot of sense
I can't help but commenting the same content. But this is so interesting!!
Haha thanks man, I'm glad you enjoyed it! Every comment bumps up my search power so feel free to comment it every time XD
If this is true how did the Setun ternary computer manage to have the same performance as binary computers?
+H3Vtux I would like to read more upon this topic. Do you have any sources used for this video?
yeah, but, ternary computer is build on top of binary system, instead using just 1 light blub to represents true and false, you use two light blub to represent 3 states, aka, false, maybe, true, so you get extra state instead of two where 10 represents -1 , 11 represents 0, 01 represents positive 1. so you only need 3 sets of ternary system to represent 27 combination, whereas the same amount of execution in binary, you need at least 256 combination.
Why not use base 2? I'm sure with newer technology we CAN make voltage stabilizers good enough to stay within 15% margins..? (0-33 =0, 33-67=1, 67-100=2). The rising and falling edge can perhaps be eliminated by installing reading intervals set to max theoretical values..? Or are these intervals too long for practical use? If so, maybe with the higher base, and fluctuations eliminated? Or better yet, wouldn't this mean that the next computing breakthrough is after eliminating power fluctuations and moving to higher value bases when stable enough?
We CAN make stabilizers better than the ones that existed when the decision on Base 2 was made, but it still comes down to cost. We're talking billions of two state mechanism in even the smallest computers.
In addition to everything else it has to be kept in mind that every single machine language interpreter has been optimized around using Base 2, if we somehow managed to make a CPU using base 3 tomorrow it wouldn't be as simple as plugging it in and having it work.
@@H3Vtux Well obviously there'd be difficulties adapting language (although couldn't we use the ssd translator method now as a temporary crutch?), and it'd be harder to implement, but surely we can do it by making it bigger, plus, isn't the current technology approaching the point its pretty much in a snag? Meanwhile this direction at least SEEMS to have some promise, if you get past the difficulties, which is always a step for new tech anyway... Also, would it be wrong to assume that if we someday hit base 10, we could use something closer to normal math much easier without less need for some of the coding to begin with, on top of the increased efficiency?
@@mkzhero I'm nowhere near an expert on this topic so take all this with a grain of salt but some thoughts:
--->Translators are well and good and in fact already used for some things, (some external storage devices actually currently use base 4 and 8, and the translation occurs in the transfer process.) While fine for data storage This would be much harder to adapt to things like instructions in a CPU where the process of translating costs precious miliseconds of speed.
--->If we got to the point where the rising edge falling edge probelm were no longer an issue, I think we might as well skip base 3 and hit something higher, again i'm not sure of this.
--->With machine code, working in number systems that humans are familiar with aren't that important. If we could go really high there would be no reason to arbitrarily limit ourselves to base 10 simply because it's what humans like, we might as well go to 15 or 20 or better yet something like 16 or 32 which would be easier to translate current base 2 data into.
@@H3Vtux Dunno, i'd think it'd be better with decimal, if its possible. In any case, thanks for the vid and replies ^^
What about balanced ternary where the three states are 1 0 and -1 with 1 and -1 differentiated by the direction the electricity flows
why dont just instead of voltage amount, just use binary mini circuit to change energy POSITION and measure WHERE the energy is instead of trying directly base 3 or 4? or using that make base 4 computer that converts things to base 2 before sending or receiving from internet or components?
Why not use negative voltage for -1 positive voltage for 1 and ground for 0?
So how did the triglavians in EVE manage to advance in technoledgy so far using this system?
the fuck i couldn't find this in search result lol
how about negative charge?
how about reversing charge from positive to negative in a trinary system? Would that have the same problem?
What about binary mix into double binary instead of base 4 and more?
This is essentially what is done with 16 rows of 5 columns of binary resulting in hexadecimal values.
Actually. We do have trinary. No charge is the 3rd state
What about balanced ternary logic using +1V, 0V and -1V ?
Or others voltages values... In this case, the reability is better than the unbalanced ( only non negative signals )
Isn't it called ternary? Or do people also call it trinary?
But what cause these fluctuations ? Don't we know enough about quantum physics, metrology etc in 2022 to maintain accurates voltages. Maybe ternary would work just fine and be more efficient.
Great explanation!
2:24
Then what would happen if it goes above 100%
Or like what number would it be if it was at 50%
Dude had this question for a while idea doe with somthing to protect against a surge or fa sort why not take electricity’s fluctuations and proceed to have it like a pressure gage with gates of a sort with taking account the average and how high or low it dips under certain conditions add ing a third state when the voltage crosses offer the limit of the highest point idk I have low understanding but seems like it would help with the reliability part with a resistance factor just a stupid idea
Base 16 HD explanation plz!
im interested
YEESSSS!! finally someone make a correct depiction HOW mechanical binary should be describe!!! ITS NOT ON AND OFF! There's currents pass through in you computer anyway~! the one its(your devices chips) done is "reading" the signal back to binary and vice versa. So opening and closing of transistor is absolutely no matter bc each state of actual bit position of 0 is held back by low charge and 1 pass thru by "semiconductor gate" if given some over or enough charge to it.
that's why we can undervolt gpu,cpu a little bit
"Reliabilty" indeed
Maybe we’ll have trinary computers in the future
Fantastico!
Could read 1/2 open door
aliens use base 16 languages