Coding an UNBEATABLE Tic Tac Toe AI (Game Theory Minimax Algorithm EXPLAINED)

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  • Опубликовано: 4 янв 2025

Комментарии • 103

  • @charlie6618
    @charlie6618 4 года назад +25

    please do more projects related to AI...
    Studying AI from an MIT graduate would be very cool and beneficial.
    Thank you for your effort!

  • @arm9180
    @arm9180 4 года назад +17

    Thank you so much! Iv'e been stuck on the implementation of this algorithm for a while now, and I can't thank you enough for showing me a method that actually works. I subbed btw ❤

  • @tonyleung-to3oj
    @tonyleung-to3oj Год назад +3

    I am currently learning how to code a Tic Tac Toe by using python. Your video giving me such a great inspiration. Can you talk more about how to code the optimal solution by using python?

  • @amriiheb
    @amriiheb 3 года назад +4

    amazing explanation and great code .
    i am glad i found the algorithm and found this channel , you found yourself a new sub

  • @rustyelectron
    @rustyelectron 3 года назад +1

    Thanks, I was working on the vanilla minimax algorithm and the AI wasn't able to prioritize the quicker victory, your tip about the utility function helped.

  • @DJdopeMike
    @DJdopeMike Год назад

    Wow thank you for this wonderful tutorial, this is the first implementation of the minimax algorithm that actually worked for me!!!

  • @enzi_r9810
    @enzi_r9810 3 года назад +3

    HI, i tried , and it works really good with 3x3, but when it comes to 5x5 its not that efficient.. i tried using alpha-beta pruning, but somehow it doesn't work, the AI letting me win, any suggestion?

  • @willmassey2679
    @willmassey2679 2 года назад +9

    Great video. However, for user_input the allowable moves should be (0-8), and not (0-9) because there is no 9th position on the board.

  • @md.sabbirhossen6525
    @md.sabbirhossen6525 3 года назад +1

    can anyone explain me how the code works inside the for loop and the recursion ??? please help me

  • @oscareriksson9414
    @oscareriksson9414 7 месяцев назад

    Very good tutorial. I was also wondering how to make a value from the states while going down the tree! I am trying it next!

  • @kushalappabe1993
    @kushalappabe1993 3 года назад

    hello tried running your code but found an error module not found "player" tried resolving by pip install, re ran the code found another error pyramid.compat not found even the cmd couldnt find it. by the way tried in jupyter notebook. I am searching for a random player vs smart/unbeatable ai for over 1000 iterations to get the number of draws.

  • @mohamedsahnoune8493
    @mohamedsahnoune8493 4 года назад +2

    i have read that tic tac toe is a zero-sum game and each participant’s gain is equal to the other participants’ losses then shouldn't the minimiser and maximizer 's sum be zero ?

    • @KylieYYing
      @KylieYYing  4 года назад +2

      It depends what you mean by sum. If you mean at the end of the game, the sum of. the opponent's "score" and your "score" is zero, then yes. However, this does not imply that the sum of all the scores in the tree should equal zero. Check out this article, it may help: towardsdatascience.com/tic-tac-toe-creating-unbeatable-ai-with-minimax-algorithm-8af9e52c1e7d

    • @programmingtestsandproje
      @programmingtestsandproje 4 года назад +1

      @@KylieYYing thank you i have read the article and it took me a couple of days to completely understand how the algorithm works , this is my second channel i would love to hear your opinion on my videos i make tests and mini projects for beginners.

  • @paulaugis
    @paulaugis 3 года назад

    Great video ! You are helping a lot for my AI class haha ! Keep up the good work Kylie :)

  • @caitlinkeegan7822
    @caitlinkeegan7822 5 лет назад +5

    Thanks for this -- ready to win all of my tic-tac-toe games now!!!

    • @KylieYYing
      @KylieYYing  5 лет назад +3

      Amazing send me the results of your next tournament

  • @upper_moon1727
    @upper_moon1727 Год назад

    This is funny cuz i just finnished making my 356 line Tic tao game with my own bot that never loses either it's a tie or you make a mistake and it wins

  • @Tanklice
    @Tanklice Год назад

    Hi,do you have any article or something that can help me do the same thing but with quantum tic tac toe ????

  • @anidea8012
    @anidea8012 4 года назад +4

    Congratulations you earned my subscription 😌❤️

  • @neerajmanjhi9376
    @neerajmanjhi9376 4 года назад +2

    Thanks alot for inspiring me to learning more and more coding.

  • @fernandocl4788
    @fernandocl4788 3 года назад +1

    Really great video! Thanks so much for uploading this! Would've been amazing if you could have explained a bit more the whole minimax function :/ I subscribed to your channel now. You have great content

  • @fay-qp7cn
    @fay-qp7cn 4 года назад +20

    Hi I really like the way you explain things in your videos! Would you be able to do more coding tutorials pls?

    • @KylieYYing
      @KylieYYing  4 года назад +3

      Yeah sure! Is there anything specific that you’d like to see? I’m thinking of doing one about coding a website from scratch

    • @afewerkifkadu6070
      @afewerkifkadu6070 4 года назад +1

      @@KylieYYing I really need that tutorial. please

    • @KylieYYing
      @KylieYYing  4 года назад +4

      Afewerki Fkadu check out my latest video! It’s a website tutorial for Flask using Python. Next week I’ll be doing another website tutorial using VueJS

    • @KylieYYing
      @KylieYYing  4 года назад +3

      Afewerki Fkadu ruclips.net/video/8q3qje9K5uU/видео.html

    • @KylieYYing
      @KylieYYing  4 года назад +14

      Hi! Just letting you know that I posted a video on how I created my new personal website using Vue and Netlify!

  • @jdeb0016
    @jdeb0016 2 года назад

    Thank you for having kindly shared this fantastic implementation and explanation :)

  • @shanekillen7175
    @shanekillen7175 3 года назад +1

    TypeError: object.__init__() takes exactly one argument (the instance to initialize), getting this error from the HumanPlayer class

    • @KylieYYing
      @KylieYYing  3 года назад +2

      yeah you need to add "self" within the parenthesis

  • @akashbhakta4397
    @akashbhakta4397 4 года назад +1

    What’s the origin of the evil laugh at 12 seconds?

  • @ahmedsaadtanim
    @ahmedsaadtanim 4 года назад +2

    Hey...in minimax algorithm ..if we actually do the player vs computer game ..is the maximizer the player and the minimizer the computer? or is it the other way around or its a different thing?

    • @ahmedsaadtanim
      @ahmedsaadtanim 4 года назад +2

      nevermind i found it by myself while tinkering with it...it seems maximizer minimizer can be either the player or the AI...the key factor is deciding find best move for whom

    • @KylieYYing
      @KylieYYing  4 года назад +9

      Great question! You are the maximizer because you want to win in the end. This means BOTH the computer and the player are maximizers, trying to minimize their opponent’s total score. If we are the player playing against the computer, then we are the maximizer and to us, the computer is the minimizer. But if we look from the perspective of the computer, it would be the other way around, with the computer the max. Does that make sense?

    • @mohamedsahnoune8493
      @mohamedsahnoune8493 4 года назад +1

      @@KylieYYing it totally make sence thank you

  • @squad7953
    @squad7953 4 года назад +1

    Very Very Amazingly well explained and concept with code implementation is superb !!!

    • @KylieYYing
      @KylieYYing  4 года назад +1

      Thank you for your support! :)

  • @whistletoe
    @whistletoe 4 года назад +1

    I’m still a bit unclear on why you added 1 to the number of remaining blank squares before multiplying the sum by 1 or -1. Could you explain that again?

    • @KylieYYing
      @KylieYYing  4 года назад +1

      I added the 1 basically as an extra incentive to achieve the “win” state earlier. So we choose the path in the tree that gets us the win in the least steps (since each step occupies a square)

  • @kashish4136
    @kashish4136 2 года назад

    Please provide me it's code link bcz i think it's not working now

  • @adnanprenuershorts
    @adnanprenuershorts 2 года назад

    I am still facing errors in this help
    If name == 'main':
    NameError name 'name' is not defined

    • @peterfarrell66
      @peterfarrell66 2 года назад +1

      Hi, don't forget the double underscores, they're kind of important. It's if ___name___ is '__main__':

  • @keylanoslokj1806
    @keylanoslokj1806 3 года назад

    What languages are you using on this project?

  • @mateoslab
    @mateoslab 3 года назад

    This video is awesome. I'm a c++ beginner and I want to try to implement this on a sudoku solver

  • @BitBard302
    @BitBard302 Год назад

    Having savored this, you'll find this book a gourmet of knowledge. "Game Theory and the Pursuit of Algorithmic Fairness" by Jack Frostwell

  • @thisweirdo2123
    @thisweirdo2123 3 года назад

    Can i add gui in this code? Help

  • @raheelamughal1242
    @raheelamughal1242 3 года назад

    Hello ma'am! I'm trying to run your code files on Kaggle IDE. It is prompting error message("no module named player"). How can I fix this error?Thank you :)

    • @peterfarrell66
      @peterfarrell66 2 года назад

      I had the same error. If you're pasting it all into one file or notebook, you don't need to import player.

  • @PhuongPham-vb6fn
    @PhuongPham-vb6fn 3 года назад

    I see it still running without 'print_game=True' in 'def play'.
    Anyone can explain me. I'm beginner.
    Thanks a lot.

  • @itssyaagiirl
    @itssyaagiirl 2 года назад

    This video is soooo helpful thank you

  • @diegovelejador
    @diegovelejador 3 года назад

    Liked a lot, thanks for the video.

  • @Larry21924
    @Larry21924 Год назад

    This is eye-opening content. I read a book with a similar theme that was just as revolutionary. "Game Theory and the Pursuit of Algorithmic Fairness" by Jack Frostwell

  • @shikhargupta105
    @shikhargupta105 3 года назад

    Can we use minimax to find a move that would lead to a tie?

  • @theentirecircus6623
    @theentirecircus6623 2 года назад

    Great explanation

  • @milene9403
    @milene9403 3 года назад

    What other algorithm can be used?

  • @krasimirt6277
    @krasimirt6277 4 года назад

    Can this be adapted for an 8x8 gomoku game

    • @KylieYYing
      @KylieYYing  4 года назад +2

      Just minimax may be too slow but you could probably incorporate some alpha beta pruning and it should be adaptable

  • @whatnow1194
    @whatnow1194 3 года назад

    what if both X and O moves decided by computer
    bot vs bot?
    who will win?

    • @KylieYYing
      @KylieYYing  3 года назад +4

      No winner, it’s a tie

  • @joaopedrooliveira9328
    @joaopedrooliveira9328 4 года назад

    Hi! Very good explanation! :)
    Is there a way to use the same algorithm for more than two players? For example: in turn based RPG when the main character is against two enemies. Is it possible to consider that, for an enemy, the algorithm will have cycles of max-max-min ?

    • @KylieYYing
      @KylieYYing  4 года назад +3

      Interesting question. I hadn’t thought about that. I suppose in this game, instead of two enemies, it would be more like two consecutive turns for the opponent. If the board were larger, I imagine you can use the same logic with the tree, but max max min as you mentioned.. I encourage you to do some additional reading about this.. I’m not totally sure!

    • @johnvonhorn2942
      @johnvonhorn2942 3 года назад +2

      Hi Joao, wouldn't be just be max for the current player and min, min for the other players? Every player is trying to max their advantage and minimise all the other players. So I think you could extrapolate this to any number of players.

  • @codenull3755
    @codenull3755 3 года назад +3

    You're like a funnier version of mayuko. Subbed

  • @son_of_hiskingdom5092
    @son_of_hiskingdom5092 3 года назад

    I'm currently pursuing python and wanting to learn to create and build and even get great pay for it. I'm trying to understand python right now.

  • @darkden123
    @darkden123 Год назад

    not the tic tac toe esports finals

  • @second1799
    @second1799 11 месяцев назад

    Oh what a top G! Thank you

  • @itssara8199
    @itssara8199 3 года назад

    How to make an ai???

  • @duttulurihitheshkumar4800
    @duttulurihitheshkumar4800 4 года назад

    can you make a video on how to apply pygame on this tictactoe game please

    • @jaredrosales8758
      @jaredrosales8758 4 года назад +1

      could you do it? im having the same trouble and have no idea how to do it

  • @ritakwan5679
    @ritakwan5679 3 года назад

    Would you be so kind as to create a tic tac toe tutorial for just reg. folks who are just learning Python? Please & Thank you! 🙂

  • @jawadaslam8537
    @jawadaslam8537 2 года назад

    Thanks dear

  • @anlenguyenchi6716
    @anlenguyenchi6716 4 года назад

    Oh my god! The best video ever!

  • @KevinBozarth
    @KevinBozarth 8 месяцев назад

    8:32

  • @uxoy
    @uxoy 8 месяцев назад

    5:19

  • @jvps1036
    @jvps1036 3 года назад +1

    ❤️❤️❤️ sooo good❤️

  • @puppergump4117
    @puppergump4117 2 года назад +2

    I believe that no programming tutorial should be done in python, especially with complicated functions. There's so much implicit behavior it's hard to follow.

  • @dd1e952
    @dd1e952 3 года назад

    Thank you very much!!!! >

  • @nephilim18
    @nephilim18 6 месяцев назад

    You didn't code $hit. It's a a lecture from cs50 ai.

  • @amyapostol511
    @amyapostol511 5 лет назад +1

    NICE!!!

  • @KylieYYing
    @KylieYYing  4 года назад +6

    Source code: www.​github.com/kying18/tic-tac-toe
    Want to learn Python if you are an absolute beginner? Check out my in-depth beginner series: ruclips.net/p/PLkWv3oO4kHnuKi032yRRYgyQ4kgaNp6gs
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    For more coding ideas, projects, and tutorials, be sure to subscribe! --> ruclips.net/user/ycubed
    Follow me on Instagram: @kylieyying
    Follow me on Twitter: @kylieyying

  • @delfish41
    @delfish41 4 года назад

    omg why is it so hard for me to understand the code

  • @ozguraydn8407
    @ozguraydn8407 2 года назад

    Im in love

  • @Kaazmaz
    @Kaazmaz Год назад

    #

  • @realneosi
    @realneosi 4 года назад

    oooooooo

  • @javhaasuhochir8126
    @javhaasuhochir8126 2 года назад

    thanks pretty girl