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If you boil That same wax and drop it in cold water is extremely dangerous no joke that’s why the flames started because the rain touched the hot wax. It sounds stupid but I’m serious this is very dangerous your lucky it didn’t start raining hard and please do not do this this is a warning to be careful when using that wax
Very impressed by the engineering company and the media company you guys have created. Super exciting to see the businesses that other creators are making!
Fun fact: This is how we used to remove rocks here in Iceland, drill a hole into it fill it with water and wait for it to freeze. Nowadays dynamite is a lot quicker.
🙀🤯 well now my rocky land in VT just got a lot easier to landscape! Permits for dynamite in a town to remove ledge? Ha! Thank you for sharing that good sir!
We do this in welding class for fun by making a cube, filling it with water, welding it shut then holding a acetylene torch under neath it causing the water to boil and it eventually blows from the pressure
The reason the soup can doesn't swell is because when they come from the factory they are actually slightly vacuumed so when you open it the soup doesn't blow out of the can.
also soda cans are pressurized because of carbonation, so it takes less expansion to exceed the pressure the can can withstand. With or without vacuum the soup can has space inside it because its not completely full, which helps with the expansion inside
I am a welder. What looks like to me, is that the 1/4" thick box have defect in the weld. The weld didn't penetrate all the way. Therefore the split happened right on the weld. You may compare this result with the thin box. The split isn't right on the weld. It happens next to the weld. That tells me the penetrate is enough. But undercut or temperature change too quick might course this issue. What I want to point out is, if you did the weld on the 1/4' as good as the 1/8" box, they should have the same result.
I agree. I weld (not professionally) but I am a designer in the mechanical engineering field. The failure appears to have been in the heat affected zone due to incomplete fusion. Also, the cryogenic nature on the steel resulted in brittle failure.
A dozen years ago I read about an experimental bicycle in a cold country - Norway, maybe - that used a water-filled cylinder. The bike, left outdoors overnight, froze the water; the expansion pushed a piston against a massive spring to load it to power a gear-train for riding next day.
I was scared the whole time. He definitely underestimated the danger. I have a masters degree in theoretical chemistry and I most definitely know how violent such enclosed steel containers can blow up. I wouldnt go anywhere near that burning wax container. If that thing blew up while he used the fire extinguisher it could actually kill him. Also it would be extremely loud anyways so I doubt it was a good idea in the first place to do this kind of experiment in the vicinity of your neighbors
Remember that extinguishers need to be serviced after cracking the seal, they won't hold pressure afterwards, so its not like you can just hang it back on the wall expecting it to work a year later.
Safety improvement for the next experiment, put a hinged lid on the VTCB such that the lid when opening the opening is facing away from one self (hinge on the side of the clear part or 2 side hinges so its attached to metal sides). This would make it so that any exploding things get deflected away from you as the lid opens to deaden any upward momentum of any projectiles or liquid. A hinge vs a heavy lid is preferred so that the lid itself doesn't become a projectile. One thing that Mythbusters showed is during the cigarette lighter experiment is that a loosely placed lid can direct gas toward the user, Adam in that case, singeing his hairs and they also taught us that besides things flying at you they fly up and around. Nice safety precautions you have taken, I do commend you for that. The liquid nitrogen could have been deflected by the ceiling to go back toward yourself, but luckily it didnt. Its better to have a controlled deflection.
Yes, he is a lucky fellow. Stands behind a shield in case the bullet proof box fails, then when nitrogen is low, walks around both of these to add more nitrogen while the box keeps cooling. That could very well have been when the box exploded! You needed a larger tank of nitrogen on a pivot operated by a rope from inside your shield, just pull the rope to dump more nitrogen into the small container.
@@BenAtTheTube and a hard hat, its beyong me that he didthis without any face protection tbh... his head is totally unprotected from anything from above
It is very cool how you mention the Ductile to Brittle transition temperature in steel as "Steel embrittlement", learning all about materials and their properties from a few college classes really has made these sorts of videos more interesting.
This reminds me of an experiment that was in my school science book that I clipped out. It's a iron shot put looking Ball filled up with water, that's halfway submerged in a beaker of alcohol and dry ice. Apparently the text say's once the water froze it expanded and exploded with such a great force. That it left a crater in the concrete and was able to lift a car about a couple of inches. I guess they tried it under our vehicle as well not too sure. I still have the clipping to this day it's pretty crazy. I always wanted to try it but I don't know how to hollow out an iron ball.
The broth is initially at negative relative pressure. At the factory the cans are filled and sealed with hot broth. When it cools to room temperature condensation causes the pressure to drop.
5:32 I never internalized that people who watched mythbusters growing up would eventually be the next generation of busters, but now that i was reminded of it, i must say, i love it Mythbusters was just so good, and i swear it propelled the mainstream society forward by a decade or two, and also turned a significant portion of the young viewerbase into young professionals who were itching to take up the mantle
I remember reading a story of kids in a town where they had a lot of old cannon balls that were hollow with some kind of charge inside. The kids figured out how to get the charge out without blowing it up by using ice to split them open.
The last experiment with the wax in a sealed container on a hot burner had me the most anxious. That could have thrown burning wax a great distance. He might have been prepared for the explosive part of it with his blast shield, but there was a very real possibility that the resulting conflagration would have gone beyond what his fire extinguisher could have dealt with.
The steel embrittlement temperature will depend entirely on the steel type and grade. Looks like carbon steel was used for the boxes. So that would typically mean significant embrittlent from around -20 to -40 degrees C. The transition happens gradually over a temperature range.
I believe as you freeze these cubes you’re riding along the phase transition line between liquid and ice I, getting very slightly colder and increasing pressure dramatically until failure. I wonder if you could suis-vide the slush mixture to apply very specific pressures 🤔
No, the ice expansion reverts from going colder. The welds failed from the temperature itself, while being on tension, so what happened was just a pressure release of the failed welds. The ice did not expand more.
Try with spheres! Boxes have way too much deformation available, with a sphere you may have more energy being sent to the fracture point, as you don´t waste energy on deformation
@@fwiffo yep, pressure vessels are always round, getting closer to an sphere as the pressure rises. Ideally they should always be spheres, but as commented before, the cost is higher, and enginners always work on a budget.
Hang on the wax test at the end is interesting - you melted the wax to get it in the box. How'd you account for the shrinking when it cooled? Wouldn't you need to use directional cooling and fill eit a bunch of times to make sure it's as full as possible?
This great material. As a teacher, I can use this stuff to demonstrate molecular behaviour, shapes and their strenghts, properties and much more. Excellent stuff. Your enthusiasm is contagious. You make me think of Adam Savage a little bit
Came here to say this, he's basically handling a live bomb and just because it didn't explode in the nitrogen doesn't mean it won't go when he's jostling it, etc., especially having it up at face level. Yikes!
Several months from now, this dudes gonna gain millions of subscribers and there I'll be waiting for his intro with burst of hyperactive confidence and way crazier experiments. Patiently waiting.. 🙏
This was just recommended to me by the algorithm. I paused 2 minutes in and subscribed. That was so cool. I always wondered about that Ant-Man scene. Now we know. And now I'm off to binge the rest of this channel.
Hey just wanted to say the reason your cans didn't expand is that many canned items (most) are actually in a slight vacuum. And broth will have enough other things in it (like fat/oil) that it will significantly vary from water.
I would recommend trying this with TIG welding if you haven’t already. TIG holds MUCH better than MIG/Flux, in fact, in some cases, the metal sheers before the weld... so do all experiments outside :P
looks like he didn't really prep the surface either. prep is the most important step in welding so that could explain why some welds failed and some didn't
That is not true. Weld strength is not derived from process. It is dependent on filler material and fusion into the base material. His welds most likely were prone to failure due to incomplete fusion/improper welding.
@@Kyle17206 there are also experimental variances of flash freezing vs slow freezing. Also welding depth (as a percentage) might be shallower on thin sheets as they're easier to blow a melt through if using too much power
@@iansmith8944 True but mig is one of the few processes that can create a pretty bead that is prone to fail. Most common is cold lap which if you look you can see some of. Ie where the weld isn't split down the middle but instead the "toe" aka the edge.
I’d be interested to see you try it with a cylinder instead of a cube the reason being that as pressure builds it looks for weak points to rupture the container and sharp corners like the ones on the box is where the pressure is going to concentrate which is why it would rupture at the welds as the welds help form sharp corners so I’d be interested to know if you made cylinders out of all the same thicknesses if the results would be similar or drastically different
When my dad was in ag school his teacher drove a nail into a piece of wood with a banana that he froze with liquid nitrogen to show the students how cold it was
@@dkolosov yeah but just because the can froze doesn't mean the insides did too. think of putting alcohol in a bottle and trying to put it in the freezer, it won't freeze but the bottle will because the alcohol has a much lower freezing point
Nice one, now I'm wondering if the water gets colder in a slower rate than it does in open environment and how the pressure dynamics affects changing forms. I think it should effect but the question is, with a thick enough wall, is it possible to stop water to freeze or evaporate or will it inevitably explode at some point?
It would be really cool to have this experiment done with a very strong box with very, very good welds if any welding done at all, and have very strong hydraulics like hydraulic presses almost pressing on every side. You couldn't exactly put that in liquid nitrogen but you'd figure out a way I'm sure. If someone had the money, time, and means to do this that would be really cool, but I honestly don't think it would turn out thattt much better than this experiment, it was very well done. Also I would predict it would definitely break on the seams you would have to have those stronggg preferably maybe the box being custom made, melted so that there aren't even any welds. And maybe a stronger material like titanium, but this would be if you're just realllyyy trying to see how much it takes.
Awesome video, I wonder if the sodium percentage in the soup can was the problem? 10 # brine won’t start to solidify until -20f even then it stays in a state of slush.
Also, ice does not expand further after 0 °C, it does the opposite, of what this experiment claims to show, it becomes more dense again. All he did, was making the welds fail under tension from the pre frozen cubes.
I just found this channel thanks to youtube random recommendations and I gotta say, I love how enthusiastic he is about all of it, it makes watching it more pleasant. The experiment is pretty neat too, I had no idea ice could be this powerful when expanding xD
Three things: 1. If it explodes it will have sufficient umpf to potentially shred half the shop. That is an experiment you do in an abandoned quarry and take cover in a foxhole or behind a large enough dirt pile so you feel comfortable getting shot at from the direction of the pressure vessel (consider possible ricochet surfaces). The power stored in compressed gasses is no joke, potentially sending shrapnel everywhere. 2. It will take a LONG time to build up sufficient pressure and the time to failure varies extremely between each attempt. DO NOT be tempted to stick your head out of cover until it is exploded or disarmed. These things have a habit of making you think they won't go off and then blow up in your face once you come close. 3. If it doesn't go off, have a safe way to disarm the bomb from a distance. I've had to deal with pressure vessels like this in the past and had to resort to shooting them at maximum possible range. I do not recommend doing that because shooting it usually means exposing your head to shrapnel coming back at you. You want a fail-safe solution you can trigger while staying in cover, preferably with several backup solutions. Edit: 4. You get a bigger bang if you only partially fill the container leaving a bigger gas pocket to store more energy before reaching failure pressure. Downside: It might not explode if you don't have enough LN, leaving you questioning the entire waiting time if it was enough or not and if you should disarm it now or wait just a little longer.
Fun experiment, but I want to point out that nitrogen does not "stick" in the bottom of your lungs - it's actually slightly lighter than normal atmospheric air. There is a small danger of nitrogen simply displacing the oxygen in the room, but with decent ventilation it's only a concern when working with huge volumes of nitrogen, so it's an extremely safe material aside from the temperature. You might be thinking of sulfur hexafluoride, which *is* actually somewhat difficult to clear from your lungs, if you've been doing the "deep voice" experiment. You might be tempted to think the same of carbon dioxide, but the danger there is not that it sticks in your lungs, but that it collects in low-lying areas topographically. This has caused injuries and death when dry ice is used in excessive amounts and begins to displace atmospheric air - say, the surface of a swimming pool, where your head is right at the level where the gas will accumulate. You learn a lot about gas dynamics making bagpipes ;)
It would be appreciated if you could use metric conversions alongside imperial ones for international viewers like me. Especially for the gauge measures seeing as it's nonlinear and thus more difficult to learn(I can do rough conversions for most imperial units in my head so they aren't as big of a problem).
9:44 Idk if anyone already mentioned this but it seems like when the water (not frozen cause it couldn't expand) broke the seem, it flows out but literally froze in the split second it's bursting through so it's like a slow-motion photo.
This was really interesting! SpaceX is using a specific type of stainless steel alloy (can’t remember the number) on their starship rocket because it actually gets stronger at cryogenic temps, very important since the liquid methane/liquid oxygen fuel they use is stored and loaded at cryo temps. They actually test their huge tanks by first filling them with liquid nitrogen and sometimes intentionally test them to failure by pressurizing them until they pop, a lot like your boxes! (a little bigger)
Would be interesting to use some of that super hard steel filler rod and see what your results are. Good test of welds and hardness of steel vs pressure.
this is a good demonstration of pressure vessel design and using leak before failure criteria. basically you want to size the thickness of the vessel to fail slowly, and relieving pressure before it becomes so high it causes an explosion
Very interesting but I think there could be a part two of this. I’d equally clean all the material before welding and get good equal enough penetration on all welds
These projects are insane and absolutely incredibly enjoyable, please keep them going! I'm proud to be supporting you on patreon to keep the innovation train in motion. Kabooom!
I have some Engineers comments on your construction: 1) standard steel is only cold-resistant to about -70°C due to increasing brittleness of the steel, this also happend for the second test. 2) when cooling in a N2 bath the heat is transfered from the core of the steel container into the N2, this happens the quickest on the edges -> the edges are reaching -60°C the fastest 3) welded areas are subject to a lot of structural stress due to the heat shrinkage of the heat dissipation zone, this increases the brittleness of the steel even further on the edges The reason why some did not rip open is due to the expansion of the water had enough space for the expansion to take place into the bulges, as it only takes a very small amount of space. This is by the way the same with heat expansion in hot water tanks (liquids behave like solids for stress and like gases for flow), they always need an overpressure valve due to the small expansion happening during heating (mostly relevant for hot drinking water in your house, also see low-pressure faucets always dripping after usage).
The canned soup (broth) makes sense, because it is sealed with a negative pressure, so it has a little extra room to expand. Also, there is some level of extra empty space in those soup cans, so when you add up the negative pressure and the extra space, you likely get at least 9% of the cans volume.
That's not why. Water is the only molecules that expands in its solid state. Broth when frozen will shrink. It's normal for everything else to shrink in its solid state.
I know that you're a big fan of Mythbusters, and I wanted you to know that when you shouted "That's a result!", you perfectly channeled Adam Savage himself.
@@mrgcav Whoa there: let’s not just cut him down here. He’s doing more to further science and entertainment than I am, and I just wanted to let him know that, by my observation, he had...tapped into...the Adam within.
@@LOVEMUFFIN_official I was only putting your comment in perspective. I was not being negative. But he is not furthering science as you claim. He is only repeating old experiments purely for for their entertainment value and maybe his personal knowledge. Mythbusters did do real science (and subsequently entertainment). Thus what he is doing can not compare to any Mythbuster cast member. Also comparing what he is doing to what you are doing is not saying much, since nobody knows what you do or have done. To tell any factual story properly, one must explain both sides of the coin objectively. Explaining what is and what is not. You have not done that. As for Mr. Bell in the video, I encourage him to work safely and learn well.
Steel will embrittle as it is cooled. Another one for you to try to make the box out of is in Stainless steel, which does not become brittle at cryogenic temperatures (therefore it will not crack and fail when you cryo dip it).
Here in Arizona at a certain missile manufacturer I had to replace pipes after a freak year of snow in the valley. Prior to many of them breaking at t joints and elbows. Valves would periodically open up for humidifiers on the roofs to make up air for the labs. This worked until the pipe failed and an ice cylinder shot out mach 20 speeds at the break. This is a great demonstration that water under pressure can't freeze. Right up to that point the water was liquid allowing it to still be moved around the building in a closed system at below freezing temps. It phase changed instantly to a solid as it left the pipe and pressure dropped inside the pipe also allowing all the water to become ice inside the pipe. Anyways that sucked ass replacing all that pipe and insulating it so they could maintain production in the winter. Cool video.
When he mentioned different forms of ice, I was thinking about Ice-9. Ice that doesn’t melt until it’s above 96F/36C. Any other 999 fans in the comments?
The thing with the canned soup is the chemistry of the soup, there are a lot of macro and micro components that make a different structure than just water only
Did you ever try this experiment again with 3 inch steel plates and braced? I would love to see how much you can compress water, will it change its structure.
My guess is that it is the salts preventing the crystalisation of the water molecules. If i remember correctly from a couple years ago the crystalisation is what is responsible for the expansion.
A few recommendations on your experiment. If you try a 304 or 316 ss box and use full penetration welds rather than just the corners you’ll have a much stronger box without cryogenic embrittlement. Also if you can find a cylinder with some hemisphere heads that would prevent the expansion from occurring to relieve pressure. My guess is this would be very dangerous though since it would have a high burst pressure.
i wonder if the vacuum needed to create the seal in the canning process has anything to do with the soup cans not expanding. at least I'm assuming this is how it's done on the industrial level, I've only ever done the canning once at home, but it was super cool when all my jars popped after taking them out of the boiling water.
![I.N "HALLUCINATION" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/n5B5q1Hwt_U/mqdefault.jpg)
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:)
8:15
😐
If you boil That same wax and drop it in cold water is extremely dangerous no joke that’s why the flames started because the rain touched the hot wax. It sounds stupid but I’m serious this is very dangerous your lucky it didn’t start raining hard and please do not do this this is a warning to be careful when using that wax
Thanks for putting it in C°
You should try this again, but cast the boxes so the welds aren't as much of a weak point
Love this! First time finding your channel -- you're going places!
Thanks so much!!
Very impressed by the engineering company and the media company you guys have created. Super exciting to see the businesses that other creators are making!
This is awesome!!!!
@@flowboy4483 yeah
Omg i think it would be a really cool collaboration id love to see what you guys will come up with together maybe help eachother in your videos
Fun fact: This is how we used to remove rocks here in Iceland, drill a hole into it fill it with water and wait for it to freeze.
Nowadays dynamite is a lot quicker.
They still remove concrete in this way under certain circumstances, though it's with expanding concrete rather than water ice.
🙀🤯 well now my rocky land in VT just got a lot easier to landscape! Permits for dynamite in a town to remove ledge? Ha! Thank you for sharing that good sir!
We do this in welding class for fun by making a cube, filling it with water, welding it shut then holding a acetylene torch under neath it causing the water to boil and it eventually blows from the pressure
@@matthewfiedler4739 How do you avoid being boiled when they blow? I assume by "holding a acetylene torch" you must not actually mean "holding" it eh?
sæll
The reason the soup can doesn't swell is because when they come from the factory they are actually slightly vacuumed so when you open it the soup doesn't blow out of the can.
i think it may be the fat in the broth which shrinks when frozen
also soda cans are pressurized because of carbonation, so it takes less expansion to exceed the pressure the can can withstand. With or without vacuum the soup can has space inside it because its not completely full, which helps with the expansion inside
Salt water.... (shrug)
There is no water in the can
@@patrickthenomad, the ingredient list begs to differ.
I am a welder. What looks like to me, is that the 1/4" thick box have defect in the weld. The weld didn't penetrate all the way. Therefore the split happened right on the weld. You may compare this result with the thin box. The split isn't right on the weld. It happens next to the weld. That tells me the penetrate is enough. But undercut or temperature change too quick might course this issue. What I want to point out is, if you did the weld on the 1/4' as good as the 1/8" box, they should have the same result.
Isn't weld very brittle compared to the steel its welding due to crystallisation cause by the heat, and it has to be annealed to toughen it?
@@jackopolo4635 No if welded properly its actually stronger that the metal.
This is the same thing I was thinking. Also a welder/part time destruction technician.
I agree. I weld (not professionally) but I am a designer in the mechanical engineering field. The failure appears to have been in the heat affected zone due to incomplete fusion. Also, the cryogenic nature on the steel resulted in brittle failure.
A welder critiquing a weld on RUclips. Peak internet.
Holding that cube so close to your face, while the metal is still going through a reaction….Brave man
I wouldn't say brave is the right word
Stupid is the correct word
the refills of the Liquid Nitrogen made me very afraid for this boy
@@kholmar let alone putting something inside it which he suspects will explode (i would have brought an umbrella)
I literally came in the comments section to see how many people will be talking about it, not many 🙄
“Oh, okay”
That is the calmest reaction I’ve ever seen to something catching on fire
🤣🤣🤣
Followed calmly by
"Oh dang. iI's on fire."
8:07 You had some balls there handling the cube right after taking it out, could go off any moment as the pressure could be still contained.
Here before 1k likes
@@dawrekk confirmed its 4 atm :D
I was thinking the same, and with the plug aimed straight at his hand on top of that...
Puts up blast box and a blast shield, "hm the nitrogen has run out" PUTS HANDS IN BLAST BOX
This guy chose death by doing that, it didn't happen, but it could have.
You do such an amazing job with your videos! The whole team really loves what you're doing.
Thank you so much!!
I tell him the same, keep doing what you do. So well done I love them
@@DerekFromMalden thank you Derek!
I know you just recommended Tyler again on Making It and this video is obviously doing gangbusters, maybe people are finally taking notice!
A dozen years ago I read about an experimental bicycle in a cold country - Norway, maybe - that used a water-filled cylinder. The bike, left outdoors overnight, froze the water; the expansion pushed a piston against a massive spring to load it to power a gear-train for riding next day.
Yes, I saw that video. But the resultant force (as created by expanding ice) only propelled the bike 10 metres or less.
I was scared the whole time. He definitely underestimated the danger. I have a masters degree in theoretical chemistry and I most definitely know how violent such enclosed steel containers can blow up. I wouldnt go anywhere near that burning wax container. If that thing blew up while he used the fire extinguisher it could actually kill him. Also it would be extremely loud anyways so I doubt it was a good idea in the first place to do this kind of experiment in the vicinity of your neighbors
10000000% agree, dudes lucky to be alive
I felt bad watching this the entire time... If he gets a lot of money off this he'll try it again. I don't want him to die.
Better closer to your neighbors so it's further away from yourself.
Its not as dangerous as you might think. Its not like a compressed gas.
Theoretical chemistry...
“I’ve never used a fire extinguisher”
That’s honestly the most surprising thing in the whole video
I mean, good fire prevention before even needing to use one
I read this as he was saying it.
Remember that extinguishers need to be serviced after cracking the seal, they won't hold pressure afterwards, so its not like you can just hang it back on the wall expecting it to work a year later.
Safety improvement for the next experiment, put a hinged lid on the VTCB such that the lid when opening the opening is facing away from one self (hinge on the side of the clear part or 2 side hinges so its attached to metal sides). This would make it so that any exploding things get deflected away from you as the lid opens to deaden any upward momentum of any projectiles or liquid. A hinge vs a heavy lid is preferred so that the lid itself doesn't become a projectile. One thing that Mythbusters showed is during the cigarette lighter experiment is that a loosely placed lid can direct gas toward the user, Adam in that case, singeing his hairs and they also taught us that besides things flying at you they fly up and around. Nice safety precautions you have taken, I do commend you for that. The liquid nitrogen could have been deflected by the ceiling to go back toward yourself, but luckily it didnt. Its better to have a controlled deflection.
Yes, he is a lucky fellow. Stands behind a shield in case the bullet proof box fails, then when nitrogen is low, walks around both of these to add more nitrogen while the box keeps cooling. That could very well have been when the box exploded! You needed a larger tank of nitrogen on a pivot operated by a rope from inside your shield, just pull the rope to dump more nitrogen into the small container.
yes, and remember... keep a constant flow of pizza.
@@b0rd3n And don't forget to take brownie breaks!
@@BenAtTheTube and a hard hat, its beyong me that he didthis without any face protection tbh... his head is totally unprotected from anything from above
You don't think the hinge can break?
It is very cool how you mention the Ductile to Brittle transition temperature in steel as "Steel embrittlement", learning all about materials and their properties from a few college classes really has made these sorts of videos more interesting.
Metallurgy 🤘🏼😎🤘🏼
I really liked the metallurgy class I took in my welding program.
This reminds me of an experiment that was in my school science book that I clipped out. It's a iron shot put looking Ball filled up with water, that's halfway submerged in a beaker of alcohol and dry ice. Apparently the text say's once the water froze it expanded and exploded with such a great force. That it left a crater in the concrete and was able to lift a car about a couple of inches. I guess they tried it under our vehicle as well not too sure. I still have the clipping to this day it's pretty crazy. I always wanted to try it but I don't know how to hollow out an iron ball.
The broth is initially at negative relative pressure. At the factory the cans are filled and sealed with hot broth. When it cools to room temperature condensation causes the pressure to drop.
It's also not 100%water : any other ingredients in the soup will compress and cope for part of water/Ice volume difference
@@Vilm0r I'm guessing it's not pure clear broth so any veggies or meat inside it would be quite compressible.
That doesn't explain why it didn't expand
...is everyone ignoring the included gas volume?
@@martindinner3621 there wouldn’t be any
Great job Tyler! Very interesting.
Thanks
@@tylerdivine3342 lmao
Antman is quite possibly one of the best movies for bad physics lol.
5:32 I never internalized that people who watched mythbusters growing up would eventually be the next generation of busters, but now that i was reminded of it, i must say, i love it
Mythbusters was just so good, and i swear it propelled the mainstream society forward by a decade or two, and also turned a significant portion of the young viewerbase into young professionals who were itching to take up the mantle
I remember reading a story of kids in a town where they had a lot of old cannon balls that were hollow with some kind of charge inside.
The kids figured out how to get the charge out without blowing it up by using ice to split them open.
The last experiment with the wax in a sealed container on a hot burner had me the most anxious. That could have thrown burning wax a great distance. He might have been prepared for the explosive part of it with his blast shield, but there was a very real possibility that the resulting conflagration would have gone beyond what his fire extinguisher could have dealt with.
The steel embrittlement temperature will depend entirely on the steel type and grade. Looks like carbon steel was used for the boxes. So that would typically mean significant embrittlent from around -20 to -40 degrees C. The transition happens gradually over a temperature range.
Now that’s what I call a COOL experiment.
Wow, Louis, your comment is really down low lol, both of your Channels are some of my faves
To say that, you must have some degrees
I believe as you freeze these cubes you’re riding along the phase transition line between liquid and ice I, getting very slightly colder and increasing pressure dramatically until failure. I wonder if you could suis-vide the slush mixture to apply very specific pressures 🤔
No, the ice expansion reverts from going colder. The welds failed from the temperature itself, while being on tension, so what happened was just a pressure release of the failed welds.
The ice did not expand more.
Try with spheres!
Boxes have way too much deformation available, with a sphere you may have more energy being sent to the fracture point, as you don´t waste energy on deformation
makes sense, because spheres distribute energy way better
Manufacturing a sphere is infinitely more expensive than a cube, good idea but it's not very practical. Feel free to waste your own money though!
Spheres would be hard, but it's very common to make pressure vessels out of pipe.
@@fwiffo yep, pressure vessels are always round, getting closer to an sphere as the pressure rises. Ideally they should always be spheres, but as commented before, the cost is higher, and enginners always work on a budget.
@@joaomarka “anyone can make a bridge that doesn’t fall down. Only an engineer can make a bridge that _barely_ doesn’t fall down.”
"I have tools for this." *runs frozen soup can through bandsaw*
just like we used to do home in russia. Frozen soup is best meal.
6:58 “I’ve been thinking about how this failure would look for 8 months!”
-My Mom, when she had me.
So underrated lmaoo
one of best jokes in a good while.thnx
😂 hope you didn't disappoint her
Son?!?
"hot digidy"
I dont think ive ever heard that un-ironically lol
Hang on the wax test at the end is interesting - you melted the wax to get it in the box. How'd you account for the shrinking when it cooled? Wouldn't you need to use directional cooling and fill eit a bunch of times to make sure it's as full as possible?
"Whoa! Now that's a result!!!"
Love the enthusiasm!
Keep it up!
09:35 "Yeah! That's a result!" LOL - Love the enthusiasm. Your projects are so much fun!
Great video Tyler!! Glad you got a boom!
Thanks man! It was SO CRAZY
Spoilers >.>
@@praticle it was at the start of the video >.>
Love the line “Well dang, it’s on fire.”
10:37 This is McTile, A few months ago I had only one tile to stand on (...) I'm unlocking runescape one tile at a time.
This great material. As a teacher, I can use this stuff to demonstrate molecular behaviour, shapes and their strenghts, properties and much more. Excellent stuff. Your enthusiasm is contagious. You make me think of Adam Savage a little bit
So much anxiety watching you handle those things.
Came here to say this, he's basically handling a live bomb and just because it didn't explode in the nitrogen doesn't mean it won't go when he's jostling it, etc., especially having it up at face level. Yikes!
@@Troy-Sheets every time he cut to him holding a still steamy box my everything tightened up and I yelled at the TV.
As he said, since the boxes are filled with a solid, they tend to crack rather than explode. It would still break your hands tho.
@@milandavid7223 shattering your hands isn't scary?
spherical next
This video was so good for my ADHD, you just got right into the experiment without padding the video out, and I actually watched it all.
We ADHDers need more vids like this.
Several months from now, this dudes gonna gain millions of subscribers and there I'll be waiting for his intro with burst of hyperactive confidence and way crazier experiments. Patiently waiting.. 🙏
Same
This was just recommended to me by the algorithm. I paused 2 minutes in and subscribed. That was so cool. I always wondered about that Ant-Man scene. Now we know. And now I'm off to binge the rest of this channel.
You wasted a great chance to say "Cold diggity" lol
Man, that 1/4" box got me good 😂
I knew it was coming and still jumped!
Hey just wanted to say the reason your cans didn't expand is that many canned items (most) are actually in a slight vacuum. And broth will have enough other things in it (like fat/oil) that it will significantly vary from water.
@@MrRyumaru on that note I was also wondering if some of the solids -noodles, etc. can absorb some of the expansion by compressing.
@@jeremyspecce Idk, I'm kinda curious myself. Sounds like a great excuse to blow up food for science!
I would recommend trying this with TIG welding if you haven’t already. TIG holds MUCH better than MIG/Flux, in fact, in some cases, the metal sheers before the weld... so do all experiments outside :P
looks like he didn't really prep the surface either. prep is the most important step in welding so that could explain why some welds failed and some didn't
"a good weld doesn't break, the material around it fails" or something I heard during my welding courses back in the day
That is not true. Weld strength is not derived from process. It is dependent on filler material and fusion into the base material. His welds most likely were prone to failure due to incomplete fusion/improper welding.
@@Kyle17206 there are also experimental variances of flash freezing vs slow freezing. Also welding depth (as a percentage) might be shallower on thin sheets as they're easier to blow a melt through if using too much power
@@iansmith8944 True but mig is one of the few processes that can create a pretty bead that is prone to fail. Most common is cold lap which if you look you can see some of. Ie where the weld isn't split down the middle but instead the "toe" aka the edge.
02:20 "I have tools for this" love this line 😂😂😂
I’d be interested to see you try it with a cylinder instead of a cube the reason being that as pressure builds it looks for weak points to rupture the container and sharp corners like the ones on the box is where the pressure is going to concentrate which is why it would rupture at the welds as the welds help form sharp corners so I’d be interested to know if you made cylinders out of all the same thicknesses if the results would be similar or drastically different
Tyler, great viddy. I live in Redmond - we should sync up and talk shop some time.
Hm, I’ll try to share it with him since he hasn’t seen it yet..
When my dad was in ag school his teacher drove a nail into a piece of wood with a banana that he froze with liquid nitrogen to show the students how cold it was
I would imagine the reason the soup cans didn't burst is because I'd imagine that there's a certain amount of empty volume in the container
Dissolved solids also lower the freezing temperature. Think salt on roads.
@@mahbuddykeith1124 They do add a lot of salt to canned soups.
@@mahbuddykeith1124 The can did freeze though.
@@dkolosov yeah but just because the can froze doesn't mean the insides did too. think of putting alcohol in a bottle and trying to put it in the freezer, it won't freeze but the bottle will because the alcohol has a much lower freezing point
@@penciloctopus2231 nigga hes talking about the contents. And he cut it open to show they were frozen
Nice one, now I'm wondering if the water gets colder in a slower rate than it does in open environment and how the pressure dynamics affects changing forms. I think it should effect but the question is, with a thick enough wall, is it possible to stop water to freeze or evaporate or will it inevitably explode at some point?
I think it would be good to know how much the expansion is on the unexploded ones. Measure volume by displacement before and after?
11:42 Cube catches fire : “ oh, ok, hmm.. welp it’s on fire”😂😂😂
“I’ve never used a fire extinguisher!”
Just discovered the channel and it’s a pretty instant sub
Same.
This dude is legit so happy about making ice cubes... I envy people that can get this happy about such simple things... I miss those good old days...
He sounded really happy when he got to use the fire extinguisher too.
It would be really cool to have this experiment done with a very strong box with very, very good welds if any welding done at all, and have very strong hydraulics like hydraulic presses almost pressing on every side. You couldn't exactly put that in liquid nitrogen but you'd figure out a way I'm sure. If someone had the money, time, and means to do this that would be really cool, but I honestly don't think it would turn out thattt much better than this experiment, it was very well done.
Also I would predict it would definitely break on the seams you would have to have those stronggg preferably maybe the box being custom made, melted so that there aren't even any welds. And maybe a stronger material like titanium, but this would be if you're just realllyyy trying to see how much it takes.
Awesome video, I wonder if the sodium percentage in the soup can was the problem? 10 # brine won’t start to solidify until -20f even then it stays in a state of slush.
Also, ice does not expand further after 0 °C, it does the opposite, of what this experiment claims to show, it becomes more dense again. All he did, was making the welds fail under tension from the pre frozen cubes.
I just found this channel thanks to youtube random recommendations and I gotta say, I love how enthusiastic he is about all of it, it makes watching it more pleasant.
The experiment is pretty neat too, I had no idea ice could be this powerful when expanding xD
Fill one of the boxes with liquid nitrogen. Nitrogen expands 700 when it changes from liquid to a gas
Welding a box with a gas (even inflammable like nitrogen) trapped inside doesn't seem like the best idea to me.
@@rhubarbpie2027 he just needs to screw the cap on though once it's filled
@@YeezyTeezy fair point.
Three things:
1. If it explodes it will have sufficient umpf to potentially shred half the shop. That is an experiment you do in an abandoned quarry and take cover in a foxhole or behind a large enough dirt pile so you feel comfortable getting shot at from the direction of the pressure vessel (consider possible ricochet surfaces). The power stored in compressed gasses is no joke, potentially sending shrapnel everywhere.
2. It will take a LONG time to build up sufficient pressure and the time to failure varies extremely between each attempt. DO NOT be tempted to stick your head out of cover until it is exploded or disarmed. These things have a habit of making you think they won't go off and then blow up in your face once you come close.
3. If it doesn't go off, have a safe way to disarm the bomb from a distance. I've had to deal with pressure vessels like this in the past and had to resort to shooting them at maximum possible range. I do not recommend doing that because shooting it usually means exposing your head to shrapnel coming back at you. You want a fail-safe solution you can trigger while staying in cover, preferably with several backup solutions.
Edit: 4. You get a bigger bang if you only partially fill the container leaving a bigger gas pocket to store more energy before reaching failure pressure. Downside: It might not explode if you don't have enough LN, leaving you questioning the entire waiting time if it was enough or not and if you should disarm it now or wait just a little longer.
Fun experiment, but I want to point out that nitrogen does not "stick" in the bottom of your lungs - it's actually slightly lighter than normal atmospheric air. There is a small danger of nitrogen simply displacing the oxygen in the room, but with decent ventilation it's only a concern when working with huge volumes of nitrogen, so it's an extremely safe material aside from the temperature. You might be thinking of sulfur hexafluoride, which *is* actually somewhat difficult to clear from your lungs, if you've been doing the "deep voice" experiment. You might be tempted to think the same of carbon dioxide, but the danger there is not that it sticks in your lungs, but that it collects in low-lying areas topographically. This has caused injuries and death when dry ice is used in excessive amounts and begins to displace atmospheric air - say, the surface of a swimming pool, where your head is right at the level where the gas will accumulate.
You learn a lot about gas dynamics making bagpipes ;)
It would be appreciated if you could use metric conversions alongside imperial ones for international viewers like me. Especially for the gauge measures seeing as it's nonlinear and thus more difficult to learn(I can do rough conversions for most imperial units in my head so they aren't as big of a problem).
9:44 Idk if anyone already mentioned this but it seems like when the water (not frozen cause it couldn't expand) broke the seem, it flows out but literally froze in the split second it's bursting through so it's like a slow-motion photo.
I've always wondered what happens when water is frozen in a strong enclosure. Nice work!
This was really interesting! SpaceX is using a specific type of stainless steel alloy (can’t remember the number) on their starship rocket because it actually gets stronger at cryogenic temps, very important since the liquid methane/liquid oxygen fuel they use is stored and loaded at cryo temps. They actually test their huge tanks by first filling them with liquid nitrogen and sometimes intentionally test them to failure by pressurizing them until they pop, a lot like your boxes! (a little bigger)
Sounds like the opposite of Inconel, as it gets stronger as it gets hotter, IIRC.
Would be interesting to use some of that super hard steel filler rod and see what your results are. Good test of welds and hardness of steel vs pressure.
Dude...thanks for taking me along on this ride. It was fun.
this is a good demonstration of pressure vessel design and using leak before failure criteria. basically you want to size the thickness of the vessel to fail slowly, and relieving pressure before it becomes so high it causes an explosion
Fun and cool! I'm betting the soup cans aren't totally full, so the liquid expands and fills the space, but doesn't affect the can.
Very interesting but I think there could be a part two of this. I’d equally clean all the material before welding and get good equal enough penetration on all welds
I asked the same question with my teacher when i was in middle school. He said the question was absurd and told me to focus on exams ...
That's the kind of question that a teacher should be excited to hear
That's not the case in asian countries especially India
Thanks for answering the question and satisfying my curiosity in the first seconds of the video, saved me 12 minutes!
I have wanted to try this experiment for such a long time! I hope you revisit this one again at some point and try to make ice II.
Oh man, I've been looking forward to this for weeks now!
Hope you enjoyed it!
Absolutely worth waiting for!
These projects are insane and absolutely incredibly enjoyable, please keep them going! I'm proud to be supporting you on patreon to keep the innovation train in motion. Kabooom!
"hot diggity!" 😂 alright alright, I'll subscribe
I would love to see a sequel to this video where you go up to 3/8, 1/2, etc... until the ice is contained
This guy’s excitement over mundane stuff, is like that of the critters they rescue, and release from having been caged their whole lives.
This 👏🏻 channel 👏🏻 deserves 👏🏻 way 👏🏻 more 👏🏻 subscribers 👏🏻 and 👏🏻 views
i loved his reaction to the fire like he didn't even care
"Oh, okay. Hmm. Well dang...It's on fire"
His reaction was my favorite when it caught on fire🤣🤣
I have some Engineers comments on your construction:
1) standard steel is only cold-resistant to about -70°C due to increasing brittleness of the steel, this also happend for the second test.
2) when cooling in a N2 bath the heat is transfered from the core of the steel container into the N2, this happens the quickest on the edges -> the edges are reaching -60°C the fastest
3) welded areas are subject to a lot of structural stress due to the heat shrinkage of the heat dissipation zone, this increases the brittleness of the steel even further on the edges
The reason why some did not rip open is due to the expansion of the water had enough space for the expansion to take place into the bulges, as it only takes a very small amount of space. This is by the way the same with heat expansion in hot water tanks (liquids behave like solids for stress and like gases for flow), they always need an overpressure valve due to the small expansion happening during heating (mostly relevant for hot drinking water in your house, also see low-pressure faucets always dripping after usage).
The canned soup (broth) makes sense, because it is sealed with a negative pressure, so it has a little extra room to expand. Also, there is some level of extra empty space in those soup cans, so when you add up the negative pressure and the extra space, you likely get at least 9% of the cans volume.
That's not why. Water is the only molecules that expands in its solid state. Broth when frozen will shrink. It's normal for everything else to shrink in its solid state.
underrated channel
I know that you're a big fan of Mythbusters, and I wanted you to know that when you shouted "That's a result!", you perfectly channeled Adam Savage himself.
He is not even in the same league as any Mythbuster.
@@mrgcav Whoa there: let’s not just cut him down here. He’s doing more to further science and entertainment than I am, and I just wanted to let him know that, by my observation, he had...tapped into...the Adam within.
@@LOVEMUFFIN_official I was only putting your comment in perspective. I was not being negative. But he is not furthering science as you claim. He is only repeating old experiments purely for for their entertainment value and maybe his personal knowledge. Mythbusters did do real science (and subsequently entertainment). Thus what he is doing can not compare to any Mythbuster cast member. Also comparing what he is doing to what you are doing is not saying much, since nobody knows what you do or have done.
To tell any factual story properly, one must explain both sides of the coin objectively. Explaining what is and what is not. You have not done that.
As for Mr. Bell in the video, I encourage him to work safely and learn well.
“I think its just the rain hitting the burner. Oh!... ok.”
Steel will embrittle as it is cooled.
Another one for you to try to make the box out of is in Stainless steel, which does not become brittle at cryogenic temperatures (therefore it will not crack and fail when you cryo dip it).
Here in Arizona at a certain missile manufacturer I had to replace pipes after a freak year of snow in the valley.
Prior to many of them breaking at t joints and elbows. Valves would periodically open up for humidifiers on the roofs to make up air for the labs. This worked until the pipe failed and an ice cylinder shot out mach 20 speeds at the break. This is a great demonstration that water under pressure can't freeze.
Right up to that point the water was liquid allowing it to still be moved around the building in a closed system at below freezing temps. It phase changed instantly to a solid as it left the pipe and pressure dropped inside the pipe also allowing all the water to become ice inside the pipe.
Anyways that sucked ass replacing all that pipe and insulating it so they could maintain production in the winter. Cool video.
Filling the boxes at 4°C should make for the biggest effect, as that is the point of highest density for water, right?
When he mentioned different forms of ice, I was thinking about Ice-9. Ice that doesn’t melt until it’s above 96F/36C. Any other 999 fans in the comments?
I'm a fan of Vonnegut :D
I love how excited he gets about science
The thing with the canned soup is the chemistry of the soup, there are a lot of macro and micro components that make a different structure than just water only
Did you ever try this experiment again with 3 inch steel plates and braced? I would love to see how much you can compress water, will it change its structure.
the cans probably didn't expand because of the fats in them is my guess.
My guess is that it is the salts preventing the crystalisation of the water molecules. If i remember correctly from a couple years ago the crystalisation is what is responsible for the expansion.
Nobody:
The CEO of cold: ICE II.
Oh boy, wait until you hear about ice-III to ice-XVIII
@@bjarnivalur6330 oh?
Actually showing the results a few seconds in and not teasing us to watch the whole video
Subs
A few recommendations on your experiment. If you try a 304 or 316 ss box and use full penetration welds rather than just the corners you’ll have a much stronger box without cryogenic embrittlement. Also if you can find a cylinder with some hemisphere heads that would prevent the expansion from occurring to relieve pressure. My guess is this would be very dangerous though since it would have a high burst pressure.
try using 4C water in pre-chilled boxes. I vaguely recall water takes a little less volume at 4C... something about forming chains?
"well dang, it's on fire" -said in a mediocre tone-
*continues to get excited to get to use a fire extinguisher*
Fantastic
Theory: when food is canned, a small bubble of vacuum is formed within the can. Any expansion from freezing the contents would just fill the vacuum.
Also food itself can shrink and so allow ice to expand
When he held the 1/8" box close to his face all I could think about was how absolutely insane he was... basically holding what is a makeshift bomb.
Could you tell me what software you are using to simulate those stresses at the 4:54 mark? I think I would like to use it.
i wonder if the vacuum needed to create the seal in the canning process has anything to do with the soup cans not expanding.
at least I'm assuming this is how it's done on the industrial level, I've only ever done the canning once at home, but it was super cool when all my jars popped after taking them out of the boiling water.