This is great! I'm not even a student I was just reading an article about a weird plant and googled transposons bc I'd never heard of them. I understand them much better than I expected to in just a few minutes. Thanks!
Just making a personal note for when I come back to this: 1:39 classes of transposons 2:45 transposon anatomy 4:20 mechanism of class II transposons 5:03 disrupting transposition
I’ve read about this on multiple occasion, never felt like I understood it like I was supposed to. Watched this once, and it cleared so many things for me. Gonna watch it again to make sure I got it for good but, thank you. Sincerely. I wrote an exam essay on this subject and felt like I was fumbling through it, but you made it sound so simple, logical and clear. Thank you, this video might save my bachelor’s degree progress 🙏
Yes girl! You slayyy DID AN AMAZING JOB!!! I love your explanation, the speed in which you allowed people to understand you, and the detail in your drawings! Need more people like you! God bless this youtube channel and you!
As someone have said: I couldn't understand how it works (even thou my teacher speaks the same language I do) and you make it so easy even speaking in English (not my mother language)! Thank you very much!
Thank you so much Nicole. I was too confused abt the term transposons and their nature of jumping/ moving from 1 DNA to another. your presentation and expalnation was awesome. now i'm pretty clr abt transposons. Thank you so much once again Nicole.
You explained it so well and clearly and I think it is amazing thank you and ı just want to tell you that ı watched the 3 videos coming after this because you ı don't want to break the loop because you linked it together so smooth
All these categorizations and technical terms.. But no word about the meaning of these transposons. Why do we have these in our genome? What is their actual function? They encode a protein which they in turn need to jump to anouther location of the genome. But why? How does that serve the organism?
Fascinating! Even though a small percentage of TE's are active in humans, doesn't transposition effectively "scramble" the genome, making it difficult to map the molecular location of genes? How do researchers account for transposition when mapping a genome, for example, when mapping ancient DNA?
The two types of transposition is one cut and paste and other is replicate and paste.. In former one the donat dna gets shorter.. So in my opinion they classify it on bases of no of base pairs in length to identify transposition via cut and paste... Maybe I missed something... But I'm still researching on these things...
Is there a test that can predict color changes in fish? Bettas with the marble gene can have this transposon condition. Be nice to know for breeding purposes if it cold be predictable
At around 6:23 you say that "remnants of transposons make up about 50% of the human genome sequence". You said class 2 transposons migrate from place to place, excised from one place and inserted to another place, and class 1 is due to the activity of reverse transcriptase, from mRNA back to DNA and then that DNA is inserted into the genome. Thus, can we say that all remnants of transposons in the human genome is due to the class 1 activity, since the activity of class 2 is migration and not actual duplication?
Hi, Thank you so much, this video is very helpful. your explanation is clear, I can understand easily. . thanks! because tomorrow I have examination about this
I came across transposons just recently. I wonder how science does differentiate between transposon particles and virus particles? Also since like 98% of the human genome couldn't be adressed to certain functions, may it be that most of the human genome is actually transposon-structures? I understand in the case of retroviruses the are part of the human genome for more than 10,000 yrs. When put all of that together, does this mean we have to reconsider our understanding of viruses? Maybe at the end they are not cause for desease. Is it possible they just apear to cause deseases since they show up, but is it also possible they actually are some sort of helping mechanisms?
If you think of the DNA as having a top strand and a bottom strand, complementary to each other- When the transposes cleaves the DNA at the target site, it breaks the covalent bond on the bottom strand before the first base of the target site, and it cleaves the top strand after the last base of the target site. It also severs the hydrogen bonds between the top and bottom strand in all 8 bases of the target site. When the DNA separates to allow for insertion, the 8 bases of the target site on the top strand move to one side of the transposon, while the 8 bases of the target site on the bottom strand move to the other side of the transposon. Then DNA repair enzymes use those strands as templates to fill in the missing bases. This creates a duplication of bases on either side of the transposon. The image linked below is a good example of how this happens (though in the image the direct repeat sequence is only 4 bases when it should be 8) lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/c3OPj9s9qoIimDj6JuCAq5GprRy4dbfSEwkCl-Zj4Il-q1n7YLSYQqI0CSwEPZmL9ULI8LL3J4YevIISgMsceQuPgKu2lGaYpGCgC09jltgOdSfH8yabGMy7zIQgqgRxhKSqERIvAKrJuRIHl4eKPH7SlsaD
Transposons can drive evolution by creating mutations or helping with exon shuffling when the excision of the transposon is imperfect. In addition, some scientists hypothesize that transposons play a role in gene expression regulation through epigenetic silencing. Here is a good resource for continued reading: www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/transposons-the-jumping-genes-518/
I have read that transposon activity is based on epigenetic factors like DNA methylation and histone acetylation, both of which can be altered by environmental factors. Here is an article from 2015 supporting that line of thought. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4544780/
This is great! I'm not even a student I was just reading an article about a weird plant and googled transposons bc I'd never heard of them. I understand them much better than I expected to in just a few minutes. Thanks!
So great to see people digging deeper 💪 that's a great quality
Same reason 😂 I was reading about Welwitschia from the New York Times
This showed up in my algorithms. Great content! You have a gift for delivering this material to inquiring minds!
I was having a hard time with mobile DNA repeats and you really delivered clarity. I will be subscribing. Thank you!
Just making a personal note for when I come back to this:
1:39 classes of transposons
2:45 transposon anatomy
4:20 mechanism of class II transposons
5:03 disrupting transposition
U r unknowingly helping us 🙏
Are you back
dislike, no personal comments allowed
I’ve read about this on multiple occasion, never felt like I understood it like I was supposed to. Watched this once, and it cleared so many things for me. Gonna watch it again to make sure I got it for good but, thank you. Sincerely. I wrote an exam essay on this subject and felt like I was fumbling through it, but you made it sound so simple, logical and clear. Thank you, this video might save my bachelor’s degree progress 🙏
This was just amazing and informative. I was frustrated by not understanding in trans movement and you make it so easy. Thank you so much
You have cleared my concept. Thanks. Want more videos on recent research from you.
Excellent video!!!!!!! I cannot even begin to tell how simple yet impactful!!! Please keep going on with this videos
Yes girl! You slayyy DID AN AMAZING JOB!!! I love your explanation, the speed in which you allowed people to understand you, and the detail in your drawings! Need more people like you! God bless this youtube channel and you!
Super nicely explained. I've been studying for the MCAT and saw this topic for the first time. Thanks for the video.
Thank you so much! One of the best tutorials ever!
The animation is simple, but so simple that it makes understanding so easy! love how you simplified something many students get confused by.
As someone have said: I couldn't understand how it works (even thou my teacher speaks the same language I do) and you make it so easy even speaking in English (not my mother language)! Thank you very much!
This is the best explanatory video on Transposons🔥❤
this was incredibly well explained and animated. Thank you
Fabulous work . Awesome presentation and great explanation. 👍🏽
Thank you so much Nicole. I was too confused abt the term transposons and their nature of jumping/ moving from 1 DNA to another. your presentation and expalnation was awesome. now i'm pretty clr abt transposons. Thank you so much once again Nicole.
I got exactly what I needed great animation and easily understandable....thankyou Nicole
Great! So happy to help!
Excellent video! Thank you so much for your explanation on this topic
Great video, I was struggling trying to understand the classification in a paper and u make it so easy
I'm so happy you found it helpful!
you just explained a whole 2h our lecture of my prof about this subject in 7 minutes. And i understood everything. Thank you. :)
Extremely informative, and it helps that you have a wonderful voice.
Wow! Nice explanation with animation ....
Thanks a lot 😀
You are an amazing teacher.
since my mother tongue is not english it helped me understand which i couldnt understand in mother tongue. thank you!!
I'm so happy this helped you understand!
It was really helpful and many thanks for this precious knowledge.
Amazing presentation I appreciate it , Thank you
Great job on this video, thank you. Very clear explanation.
You explained it so well and clearly and I think it is amazing thank you and ı just want to tell you that ı watched the 3 videos coming after this because you ı don't want to break the loop because you linked it together so smooth
What a great informative video! Thanks it's really helpful
All these categorizations and technical terms.. But no word about the meaning of these transposons. Why do we have these in our genome? What is their actual function? They encode a protein which they in turn need to jump to anouther location of the genome. But why? How does that serve the organism?
Excellent explanation ...... Thank you so much !!!!
Amazing lecture I was so much confused about that but u solve my problem thanks a lot....
Glad to hear that!
Excellent and clear explanation. Thank you very much !
This is AWESOME!! This video was very helpful! :) Sending love from South Korea❣️
This was extremely well done and explained!
Fascinating! Even though a small percentage of TE's are active in humans, doesn't transposition effectively "scramble" the genome, making it difficult to map the molecular location of genes? How do researchers account for transposition when mapping a genome, for example, when mapping ancient DNA?
You and me both are wondering how these things mess up the genome
The two types of transposition is one cut and paste and other is replicate and paste.. In former one the donat dna gets shorter.. So in my opinion they classify it on bases of no of base pairs in length to identify transposition via cut and paste... Maybe I missed something... But I'm still researching on these things...
Thank you so much! very helping me for my final exam 🙏🙏🙏
Is there a test that can predict color changes in fish? Bettas with the marble gene can have this transposon condition. Be nice to know for breeding purposes if it cold be predictable
Excellent video. Clear and concise. 👍🏻
That was a very clear presentation.
Very useful video thanks for all your efforts ❤️❤️❤️
Why 4 exons are used for encoding transpoase? Can one protein be translated from several exons?
What is a difference between in sequence of a retrotransposon and conservative transposon of a human gene after placement on the target site?
best Transposon video!
could anyone care to explain to me if transposons mutations only occur in germ cells? From my understanding it does, but I dont see why?
Wow Nicole, great explanation and well-made animations, thank you!
At around 6:23 you say that "remnants of transposons make up about 50% of the human genome sequence". You said class 2 transposons migrate from place to place, excised from one place and inserted to another place, and class 1 is due to the activity of reverse transcriptase, from mRNA back to DNA and then that DNA is inserted into the genome. Thus, can we say that all remnants of transposons in the human genome is due to the class 1 activity, since the activity of class 2 is migration and not actual duplication?
Do you have video on the functioning of replicative transposons? If not please make one
Simple but spot on. Thanks!
How does the other DNA make gaps for their Insertion.
This was splendid. Do more of these.
Finally found my Answers
what about transposons that fuse with plasmids? is it replicative transposition too?
Hi, Thank you so much, this video is very helpful. your explanation is clear, I can understand easily. . thanks! because tomorrow I have examination about this
Good job ...keep it up
Clear and impressive.
Can these transposons cause acute myeloid leukemia?
I came across transposons just recently.
I wonder how science does differentiate between transposon particles and virus particles?
Also since like 98% of the human genome couldn't be adressed to certain functions, may it be that most of the human genome is actually transposon-structures?
I understand in the case of retroviruses the are part of the human genome for more than 10,000 yrs.
When put all of that together, does this mean we have to reconsider our understanding of viruses? Maybe at the end they are not cause for desease. Is it possible they just apear to cause deseases since they show up, but is it also possible they actually are some sort of helping mechanisms?
great video
Informative and the speaking speed and style is good
Nice video, explanation is very good
Does Class1 transposons also called retrotransposons?
Can someone explain to me,why the class 1 requires transcription?
Nice one Nicole! Thank you. It was really helpful!
What causes the target site duplication resulting from the integration process?
If you think of the DNA as having a top strand and a bottom strand, complementary to each other- When the transposes cleaves the DNA at the target site, it breaks the covalent bond on the bottom strand before the first base of the target site, and it cleaves the top strand after the last base of the target site. It also severs the hydrogen bonds between the top and bottom strand in all 8 bases of the target site. When the DNA separates to allow for insertion, the 8 bases of the target site on the top strand move to one side of the transposon, while the 8 bases of the target site on the bottom strand move to the other side of the transposon. Then DNA repair enzymes use those strands as templates to fill in the missing bases. This creates a duplication of bases on either side of the transposon.
The image linked below is a good example of how this happens (though in the image the direct repeat sequence is only 4 bases when it should be 8)
lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/c3OPj9s9qoIimDj6JuCAq5GprRy4dbfSEwkCl-Zj4Il-q1n7YLSYQqI0CSwEPZmL9ULI8LL3J4YevIISgMsceQuPgKu2lGaYpGCgC09jltgOdSfH8yabGMy7zIQgqgRxhKSqERIvAKrJuRIHl4eKPH7SlsaD
Thank you for this well explained video :)
Perfectly done, thank you!
Nice video 👍
Thanks. Clear, didactic and informative.
I haven't finished the video yet, but I would like to ask why these genes jump?
Bring me back to 3 years back as a biology antusias
Excellent, thank you.
Nice video.
Thanks for this video
Please make more of these
On point 👌 💯 👏
Thank you...😊
It was amazing.... thankyou
very helpful, and well made!!
Thank you so much! This video is so informative!
Very helpful to me
Thank you very much 👌
thank you so much maam.it was very helpfull.
It is amazing 🤩
Very nice explanation, Thank you !
Thank you for this video!
Thank you a lot from Taiwan!
owsome ,5 stars, thanks so much
Hearts for you from Taiwan!
Great explanation and very concise presentation. Thank you. May I ask you what kind of software you are using?
Thank you! I hope it was helpful.
I use ExplainEverything to create my videos.
Great video!
helpful video
What's the function transposon?
Transposons can drive evolution by creating mutations or helping with exon shuffling when the excision of the transposon is imperfect.
In addition, some scientists hypothesize that transposons play a role in gene expression regulation through epigenetic silencing.
Here is a good resource for continued reading: www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/transposons-the-jumping-genes-518/
FAZER TRANSPOSIÇÕES DE ADN , COMO FORAM ANTES DE NOS TRANSMUTAR!
I imagine there is some preliminary information one must know about DNA in general in order to begin to even understand this 🧐?
Thank you , that was very helpful ❤❤❤❤❤
thank you ma'am..it is very helpful.
why genes jump or why the genes move?
Thank u so much ❤️
This is great. I heard that a transposon section moves based on environmental inputs -- is that true, or is it entirely random?
I have read that transposon activity is based on epigenetic factors like DNA methylation and histone acetylation, both of which can be altered by environmental factors. Here is an article from 2015 supporting that line of thought.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4544780/
This is just great!
helpful lesson. Thank you so much
Thank you❤