This principle humbled me as a young scientist and student pilot. I thought I knew everything, that I had an intuitive grasp of basic physics. It took me a long time to wrap my head around this one principle.
It seems to make more sense for me to realize the air being blown is sticky and grabs the air from the side tube and pulls it along. Mayne not correct but hey I'm just a regular joe
I've just finished reading James Burke's superb book Connections, which I would recommend to anyone interested in the history of scientific ideas. In this book he explains how this principle was used to create carburettors, making possible the internal combustion engine and jet engines, and how the principle it could be used to measure the flow of a gas through a pipe. However, limited space only allowed him to give a brief overview of these things. The excellent demonstrations in your video make it easy to get my head around these concepts.
Unfortunatly, it is WRONG. Please make corrections or remove it. .. The statements about Bernoulli's Principle are correct, but the demonstrations are very poor. The balls, spoon and funnel are a result of the Coanda effect. . The tube inserted into the wall of the neck is protruding into the flow (seen at time 2:57) This causes the air to curve around the end and sides of the tube. This curved flow is the cause of the lowered pressure. This will work with no pipe around it; just the air blowing across the vertical tube. .. To correctly measure the static pressure inside your narrow neck, the end of hat tube MUST be flush with the inside surface. .. At time 4:51 we see that the two pressure sensing tubes appear to be more like flush, but it is difficult to see clearly. For that to truly sense the static pressures, there must be NOTHING protruding into and disturbing the flow.
This phenomenon is one of the most mind- fucking results in all physics to me. The fact that blowing air with high pressure through a tube with a restriction causes the air to decrease in pressure at the restricted part is so counterintuitive. My brain just will not understand how increasing the space in which a fluid can flow causes the pressure of the fluid to increase and vice versa.
I have no PhD in physics so this may just be my 2am thoughts. I think what it's referring to specifically is the amount of air it takes to make the force. Like 150 psi is different through a straw as opposed to a 2 inch round tube. So hypothetically let's just say I would need a compressor to generate 150 psi through the tube where as I could just blow through the straw myself and make 150 psi.
I’m guessing the pressure increases at the part of the tube where it gets squeezed. Not the part where it is already squeezed. In fact. That would explain why the pressure reduces because the narrowest part is the outlet of the compressed air
demonstrating college level fluid dynamic physics with plastic and a cheap blower. I applaud your ability to demonstrate what so many professors rely on overly complicated texts and complex mathematics to explain. BRAVO!
@@getaclass_physics But it is wrong: This video is still WRONG. Please make corrections or remove it. .. The statements about Bernoulli's Principle are correct, but the demonstrations are very poor. The balls, spoon and funnel are a result of the Coanda effect. . The tube inserted into the wall of the neck is protruding into the flow (seen at time 2:57) This causes the air to curve around the end and sides of the tube. This curved flow is the cause of the lowered pressure. This will work with no pipe around it; just the air blowing across the vertical tube. .. To correctly measure the static pressure inside your narrow neck, the end of hat tube MUST be flush with the inside surface. .. At time 4:51 we see that the two pressure sensing tubes appear to be more like flush, but it is difficult to see clearly. For that to truly sense the static pressures, there must be NOTHING protruding into and disturbing the flow.
@@Observ45er While your first point is true, and the ball sticks only due to the coanda effect, the other points are only partially correct. The low pressure in the thin section of the pipe is the main reason the water flows upwards. The curve around the small pipe head directs a negligible amount of air to the top, most of it just goes around it, even if all of it was directed to the top, it not be near enough low pressure air to pull the water out.
@@SomeRendomDude Unfortunately, that demo is seriously flawed because the vertical "draw tube" is sticking up INTO the flow. It is not sensing the static pressure of that section. It would draw water up if the horizontal pipe was not there. To properly sense the static pressure, the draw tube must not disturb the flow. It must be an opening flush with the inside surface of the pipe. This is just another clear example of people trying to demonstrate something they do not understand - -THEN stumble onto something that appears to confirm their flawed hypothesis. . . What he has there is a true Atomizer that was used in perfume bottles. The flow hits the tube end and causes a curved flow over the top and around the sides. I have done carefully designed experiments to show this very fallacy. See this correctly interpreted Millersville experiment: ASPIRATORS CURL www.millersville.edu/physics/experiments/093/ .. Weltner explains how to make a static pressure probe here: FIG 3 Static Probe: www.researchgate.net/publication/303974495_Misinterpretations_of_Bernoulli's_Law
The interesting part is that if you close the system, when you blow, pressure increases. However, when you open so that the air can flow, the pressure decrease the faster it goes.
Be careful. The way you stated it is not true. As you turn up the blower to increase the speed of the air-jet out of that blower, the static pressure of that jet of air coming out of the blower remains at atmospheric pressure. That is why it exits the blower. The higher pressure inside the blower accelerates it out into atmospheric pressure. That is where we see 'Bernoulli' happening. . When you add the surface of the ball, you are changing the conditions and it is the curve of the flow that is causing a lower pressure near the surface.
@@Observ45er I'm not talking about closing the system with a ball that can open like in the video. I'm talking about sealing the exit hole completely.
@@xdragon2k I can't make sense out of what you are proposing. . You said: "when you open so that the air can flow, the pressure decrease the faster it goes." . I'm talking about a blower pointed to the open air. Nothin closed about it. . What is "open".
@@Observ45er I'm talking the counter intuitive nature of blowing into a container that is usually spread the container apart like a balloon because of increased air pressure, vs blowing through something that is open ended reducing the air pressure in the airflow and constricting the container.
@@xdragon2k I very am very sorry, but your English is not good enough for me to understand. . Rereading your original it appears you are comparing two thigs. 1} Blowing into a container such as a bottle. When you do this you increase the pressure in the bottle. YES. . 2} Blowing into a pipe that has a wide section, then a narrow section then a wide section - a venturi, Then the pressure in the narrow section is lower than the wide sections. . . That;s the way it works.
Comical. EVERY video on this topic has the exact same explanation: "narrower the pipe section, the lower the pressure" because equations . What happens is equations due to more equations . HOW does it work? By equations .
@@billshiff2060 Buddy, the equations explain exactly why this occurs. The velocity of the fluid increases as it travels from a wider region to a narrower region, as the work done by the fluid is down a pressure gradient. Therefore, the fluid must flow from a region of a higher cross-sectional area to a narrow cross-sectional area in order to increase its velocity, and this would naturally cause the pressure exerted by the fluid to decrease. Mathematical equations simply explain this phenomenon through variables instead of words.
@@weltschmerzistofthaufig2440 So your explanation is, it is caused "naturally" + equations. No mention of particle velocity, which IS the cause of pressure, is ~ mach 1.5 regardless of where it is and yet the pressure decreases in smaller passages.
@@billshiff2060 Are you saying that Bernoulli’s principle doesn’t work? I could use kinetic particle theory to explain it, but I instead focused on macroscopic observations and mathematical evaluation to explain this. Also, who told you that particle velocity remains the same? In fact, in a narrower section, the total number of collisions between particles and the container would decrease as the work done by the fluid occurs in the direction of movement. Thus, a pressure gradient must exist to ensure that there is an increase in kinetic energy in a narrower region.
One of the clearest explanations of Bernoulli's Principle that I have seen. Everything very well explained, and many examples showing how everything works. Thank you very much!
In realms of air where wings take flight, A dance of forces, pure and bright. Bernoulli whispered secrets old, In currents swift, a tale unfolds. Above, below, a magic play, In skies where dreams find their own way. A symphony of pressure and speed, A waltz unseen, the laws decreed. As air flows, it weaves a song, A melody where forces throng. Upon the wings of birds in flight, Bernoulli's dance, a graceful height. At curves and bends, in fluid grace, The air, a partner in this chase. Velocity and pressure dance, In every move, a sweet romance. From wings that lift to planes that soar, A principle forevermore. In tubes, in winds, in rivers wide, Bernoulli's truth, an endless guide. A theorem sung in skies so blue, In clouds and dreams, forever true. A whispered secret, nature's rhyme, Bernoulli's principle, through space and time.
So... the two balls were "sucked" towards each other because the two balls created a small channel for air or water to pass, thus creating lower pressure compared surrounding space (atmospheric pressure). This lower pressure in this smaller channel creates a vaccum, pulling the balls together.
it's not the vacuum that pulls the balls. You've said it: it's the atmospheric pressure that pushes them. __ for a 3 cm radius sphere we get about 1 N: P=f/A; f=PA = 101 Pa * 4Pir^2 =101*0.0113=~1 N
Muito boa a explicação. Obrigado! Para quem não entendeu o final, em 4:50 a velocidade é calculada dividindo o "volume de ar por segundo" (12 l/s = 12000 cm3/s) pela "área da seção" (3 cm2) = 4000 cm/s = 40m/s
Very simplified demonstration of the basic principle of Bernoulli .I wish some body could have explained me in my school level in such a lucid language.
But WRONG. The statements about Bernoulli's Principle are correct, but the demonstrations are very poor. The balls, spoon and funnel age a result of the Coanda effect. . The tube inserted into the wall of the neck is protruding into the flow (seen at time 2:57) This causes the air to curve around the end and sides of the tube. This curved flow is the cause of the lowered pressure. This will work with no pipe around it; just the air blowing across the vertical tube. .. To correctly measure the static pressure inside your narrow neck, the end of hat tube MUST be flush with the inside surface. .. At time 4:51 we see that the two pressure sensing tubes appear to be more like flush, but it is difficult to see clearly. For that to truly sense the static pressures, there must be NOTHING protruding into and disturbing the flow.
Unfortunately it is wrong. . . . This video is still WRONG. Please make corrections or remove it. .. The statements about Bernoulli's Principle are correct, but the demonstrations are very poor. The balls, spoon and funnel are a result of the Coanda effect. . The tube inserted into the wall of the neck is protruding into the flow (seen at time 2:57) This causes the air to curve around the end and sides of the tube. This curved flow is the cause of the lowered pressure. This will work with no pipe around it; just the air blowing across the vertical tube. .. To correctly measure the static pressure inside your narrow neck, the end of hat tube MUST be flush with the inside surface. .. At time 4:51 we see that the two pressure sensing tubes appear to be more like flush, but it is difficult to see clearly. For that to truly sense the static pressures, there must be NOTHING protruding into and disturbing the flow. . . . . This shows the proper way to measure static pressure within a flow: Weltner Direct link: still valid on June 24 224: “Misinterpretations of Bernoulli's Law by Klaus Weltner, University of Frankfurt (G)” FIG 3 Static Probe: www.prirodopolis.hr/Bernoulli-Coanda%20Demo_files/Misinterpretations%20of%20Bernoullis%20Law.pdf . .
The pressure reduction is due to the expanding exit and not the narrow part of the system. The width of the entry may not be important but the exit, the wide exit creates a sudden increased volume hence the reduced pressure. I would like to see the same experiment be done without the expanding exit and see if there will be any differences
The exit or diffuser has been measured (not estimated) countless times to have increase in pressure, the negative peak of pr3ssure coefficient is at most right before it, if your brainstorm was close to right the entire racing industry would be incorrect.
No, that is not Bernoulis principle. As she explained, the product of mass and velocity equal a constant, such that if you increase the velocity, pressure must decrease to maintain the same energy in the stream. It has nothing to do with what happens further downstream. You are confusing this with what happens when you pulse the pressure of a compressable gas, there are waves of low pressure radiating from the convergent and divergent sections. This is used in two stroke exhaust systems known as expansion chambers.
Clip này thực sự đã chạm đến trái tim mình. Bạn đã truyền tải những cảm xúc về tình yêu, lòng kiên nhẫn và sự bao dung một cách rất chân thành và tinh tế. Đây thực sự là một video có giá trị nhân văn cao mà mình tin rằng ai cũng nên xem để suy ngẫm về cuộc sống và cách đối xử với nhau.
Fascinating video. However, I am not sure that the ball hanging in the water coming from a tap is really demonstrating the Bernoulli principle. Firstly, the water is not being constrained to flow through a narrower channel - it is free to flow over the surface of the ball and so the cross section of the flow is probably not reduced. Secondly, if you look at the flow of water coming off the bottom of the ball, it is deflected to the right after it has flowed over the surface of the ball. Changing the direction of the water flow to the right causes a reactive force on the ball towards the left, and this is probably what makes the ball appear to cling to the water - the ball comes to a rest where this leftward force is balanced by the rightward force of the downward water flow pushing on the ball.
I agree that the ball in the running water was not explained right or enough. But I think they meant that the change in the pressure of AIR around the running water causes the movement of the ball, not the pressure of the water. For some years now I have wanted to know why the spoon is pulled by the running water. And to me it looks like the curved shape plays the major role. I doesn't happen when you rinse a knife.
@@sylwiagotzman5422 Have a look at the video: Why are so many pilots wrong about Bernoulli’s Principle? by Fly with Magnar (ruclips.net/video/uyRx25MSWng/видео.html). IMO he explains quite well what you're describing, it is the same as for an airfoil. Spoiler: it is also Bernoulli's Principle, and has indeed to do with acceleration of the fluid at the convex part of the spoon
It's the Coanda effect, not Bernoulli's Principle, that pulls the spheres or spoons together in a liquid or gas flow. The experiment would not be able to be replicated with cubes instead of spheres.
I have always had difficulty providing an intuitive explanation for this phenomenon, but if we try to think of pressure as potential energy rather than force per unit of surface area, perhaps the concept becomes a bit more intuitive. Or, imagine having a blown-up balloon. The balloon has a certain internal pressure. When the balloon is opened, the air inside the balloon starts to move faster. The internal pressure of the balloon then decreases because the potential energy of the air inside the balloon is converted into kinetic energy.
I think that this didn't explain the nature of the effect - the *behavior* of the particles (or strings) in flow relative to "stationary" ones. A part two to the video, with particle animation, where you visualize the pressure exerted by particles which do not flow is very much needed in my opinion.
at 3:22 does the air pressure gets transmitted to the plastic bottle from the pipe through the tube? which lowers the pressure inside the bottle as air flows causing atmospheric pressure to crush it??
The correct term is to say `Bernoulli's' Integral', since it is just an integral of the Euler's equations of motion for a particular case of steady, inviscid and potential flow. The term `principle' is related to something very fundamental, like The Principle of Least Action etc.
That name is popularly known by people. You can get the same equation by cancelling viscous terms and triple integrating Navier-Stokes' momentum equation. If I can do that, then it should be called the Navier-Stokes-Bernoulli equation, and it's not that A name is just that, a name, so people can easily recognize the equation
I'm a kindergarten teacher. Every Friday, we make a science toy. Other teachers in my school just say "Ok, let's make today's toy." I don't. In my class, we learn why it works, how it works. Ok, at kindergarten level, but it can be done. We have a toy each year that uses the Bernoulli principle of the ball in the cone. We use a plastic kitchen funnel and a straw, with a polystyrene (styrofoam) ball. I get the kids to color one half of the ball with a felt pen. That helps us to see how the ball moves. By watching the ball's movement, we can start to understand the airflow. That's when I link it to light bending around stars, or black holes. It's by looking at what you can see that you understand what you can't see.
The video is great and makes it clear how the pressure works for air and liquids and such, but how would the joined trumpet shapes react to sound. If one half is similar to the old ear trumpets that increased the sound, is this saying that the increase in sound is similar to the speed pf water, and that the increase in sound is matched by a decrease in some other quality of sound.
5:20 Isnt then the amount of gas the travels through the pipeline limited by that section? Its confusing. I think no, as the gas can be pressed through. Doesn't this then create a temperature difference, where the thinner part gets warmer and after it its colder than average?
The seemingly stationary yet the active atmosphere around the two-ball system pushes the ball to come together when the air in between them is displaced. Though the atmosphere tries to fill in the gap again with air, the continuous removal of air makes the balls stick together and the direction of the displacing pressure dictates the direction of the balls' rotation.
👉 3:00 This principle solves the problems of empty nose 👃 syndrome, allowing the paranasal sinuses to be emptied and the viscous secretions of the middle and upper meatus to be cleaned, improving nasal physiology and breathing. Maintaining internal humidity in the Oropharynx.
Oh! So for the thing at 3:00 it doesn't matter if it's an airblower or a vacuum, since it's symmetrical anyway, which can more intuitively explain why it sucks up the liquid
The Pitot tube is normally mounted externally near the nose of the aircraft, in a position where the airflow passing over it is relatively uniform (laminar). It measures the difference between the dynamic pressure of the air and the static (stationary) air pressure. The air velocity is then derived directly using Bernoulli's theorem/equation and displayed on the aircraft's airspeed indicator (ASI) for the pilot. The Pitot tube is a simple and effective measuring device (no moving parts) and dates back to the very early flying machines!
Hello. This is partially miss informative ! The Bernoulli theorem is challenging, but it kind of makes sense in a CLOSED system. You could think of it in lines of that you have roller coaster carts attached with springs. As they start rolling downhill the speed increases and the cart in front is pulling the spring to the next cart and vice versa. When they are slowing down uphill ... the springs compress (higher pressure) when the speed decreases. Now when you start blowing stuff in to the surrounding atmosphere it gets messy. The two spears getting drawn together, it is because of the coanda effect. The pointed jet sucks the surrounding air with it and creates a low pressure. NOT to do with Bernoullis principle. I know; It is complicated :). The ball hanging under the water flow, counter intuitive or not has to do with the coanda effect, i.e. water being sticky and curving around the ball, hens creating an opposite force to the curving acceleration. Oh well. Always have doubt, if your intuition says that something is not necessary so ;) .
Finally someone pointed it out! There are so many misinterpretation regarding Bernoulli's Principle. It has rather strict assumptions for the fluid and the system (closed system, inviscid, incompressible, irrotational, no external force other than gravity etc.) and is not what people think it is. Another wide spread rumor is that lifting force of a plane can be explained by Bernoulli's Principle. It is so wrong that NASA specifically wrote an article titled "Incorrect Lift Theory" for it: www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/VirtualAero/BottleRocket/airplane/wrong1.html Most videos claiming to be showing Bernoulli's Principle are NOT doing it under correct assumptions. Sigh.
Thank you for your effort, but you're assuming the surface is (or that it even could) pulling the air towards itself which is blatantly false, Coanda is a mere observation that air tends to follow the surfaces which is false as soon as flow separates, and it works on water because 1- surface tension and 2- water is much denser than air. All aerodynamics forces are pressure driven, like Newton on fluids, which is the correct way of visualising it.
@@davidaugustofc2574, the Coanda effect also occurs with air (not just water) flowing over a curved surface, and is the reason for the spheres being pulled together with air flowing in between and for the sphere being pulled into the water flow. The same result does not occur if you use cubes instead of spheres. Those experiments do not exemplify Bernoulli's Principle, which applies to a single fluid flow. It is the pressure difference that causes the velocity difference, not the other way around.
@@mattcarter1797 My problem with the Coanda effect is that it is a gross oversimplification of the entire thing. You need to understand a little bit from several topics to understand what it really means, and those topics are more helpful than the conclusion. Air is mostly neutrally charged, as gas molecules usually are, so the external electron layers will repel each other, a gas would expand to Infinity if it had a chance and enough time. However, due to the local, gravitational effects from the Earth, the air is squeezed together, and the balance of those is the atmospheric (sometimes known as static) pressure. Gravity makes it so that pressure is very even for the same height all across the globe (temperature changes aside), so when a moving body is going through air and changing the pressure around itself, there will be a restoring force acting on the fluid to bring the new pressure value back to the original one. That is pressure will flow from high to low until there's negligible difference between the areas. When the air gets close the surface it's pushed away by the first layer, that's attached to the surface due to friction, and when the surface curves away from the direction of flow it forms low pressure pockets that will exert less force on the surface and nearby molecules that the air surrounding it, thus guiding the air towards the surface. (Greatly helps if you have a way of visualising it) And that's very simplified in it's own rights, since vorticity is a humongous topic on it's own, that I haven't even touched. I cannot understand how we're helping people by telling them about the Coanda effect and not the reasons behind it, you can't really learn anything from it. Okay, it was a great discovery for their time, but we're now at a stage where computers can generate airfoils from a set of requirements, we need to point out that air tends to follow surfaces and move on to deeper topics and not keep hanging on to it as explanation for anything.
conservation of energy is a weak explanation because it does not explain why the fluid accelerated into the narrow section. Fluid has mass and a force is required to Accelerate a mass, so what is the force and what is the source of the force?
Excellent presentation thanks a lot...beautiful presentation of the bit difficult concept to explain the students.....really....it is made too much easy......by you.....briliently simplified by demonsyrations and last photo of Actually venturimeter is also most important....Thanks a lot to All of you who have made Physics simple🙏
Randomly stumbled to this video and thankfully I clicked it. Now I understand how the soap get used when my father use the his pressure washer with bottle of soap on the water gun.
I have an interview question (for the post of nuclear scientist ) on this principle. Qsn)can we use the pressure sensors at throat and diverging sections gives the same result . Qsn)do this arrangement give same result as traditional arrangement (pressure sensors at converging and throat section).
Pressure and Flow = volume per minute - Just like voltage and current = watts. The amount of output remains the same even though you are changing the ratio of pressure to flow.
I just wish someone would taught me like this when i was young.. when RUclips was not that much a big hit and we had to pay exorbitant prices for just 1GB of internet data in India at that point of time we had to imagine all we could.. but now seeing this animated video with real life examples is what giving me an epiphany that what i imagined at that point of time was correct…
If it were semi-solids forced through the restriction wouldn’t the pressure increase? I’m thinking of crowds of people rushing through a narrow fire exit in some emergency situation. Of course the pressure would increase at the narrowest point along their path as people are pushing and shoving to get through a restrictive, narrowed doorway. Why is it the opposite when it comes to gases? What about liquids?
That's because the density. In the examples, the fluid density is pretty much the same, so an increase in speed cause an drop at pressure. An anology with people is that in the case that the average distance is constant. In this case to pass the narrow space, they need to go faster. If they don't, the average distance decreases.
By slowly pressing a box internal pressure would rise and the walls of box would heat up. Box would remain pressed in position that force heat of walls and heat of walls would be collected for electric energy production or for heating , keeping the box in pressed position would be done whit some closed brackets so no input of energy for keeping the box pressed so all its heat would be used to produce output of energy
2:30 try turning it around tho’. The air must have lower pressure than outside the tube…but the straw will experience +ve pressure because it is upwind of the narrowest part.
I really LOVE this video Back in the 80s we had Bernoulli Boxes These were large (for the time) memory disks using the Bernoulli principle I know you have a large queue of ideas, but could you please put a video talking about this video along with one explaining the Bernoulli Box?
I have never doubted, but always puzzled by the decrease in pressure. There is no questioning the observations, and formulas may describe the principal perfectly, but why? What is happening at the physical interaction?
CONSIDER THESE TWO CASES (a simplified look at the conditions of the tube). The tube is wide and sealed off (permanently) on the left side and has a very narrow 'nipple' part on its right side. The only opening of the tube is at the rightmost end of the nipple. The tube is positioned horizontally with the wide side to your left, and the narrow nipple side on the right. If the nipple's opening is not blocked, water will flow out of the tube to the right, out the nipple. *_CASE ONE:_* there is ONE (1) atom of water in the narrow part of the tube and it is not moving - there is a rubber 'stopper' placed in the opening and no water can flow out of the tube *_CASE TWO:_* there is one atom of water in the narrow part of the tube and the rubber stopper has been removed The one atom in the nipple section distorts due to the force - the water pressure - coming from the large volume of water on its left. Because the nipple is blocked by the rubber stopper, the atom pushes back, per Newton's 3rd law, equally and in a spherical fashion: (1) against the glass in the nipple; (2) against the water on its left; (3) against the rubber stopper on its right. With the rubber stopper removed, the distortion of the atom is no longer equal in a spherical fashion. Since there is no longer a 'push back' on its right side (the rubber stopper is no longer there), instead of 'pushing back' against the glass in the nipple, the atom exits the nipple to the right. From the perspective of the glass in the nipple section, it 'feels' less push from the atom. This is a reduction of pressure in the nipple section. .
The faster air flows, the lesser the density of the air. At molecular level, the particles at lower densiity are strained apart. Hence, the particles at higher density flow, filling the particles at lower density. EDITED: This is wrong
@@mpinmpin9935 This is not correct. To see why, imagine a glass tube that is circular - like a hollow, glass hula hoop. It is filled with a fluid (a gas, or water, etc). The tube is rotated to 100,000rpm (assume structural integrity of the glass, ie. the glass tube is thick and does not fly apart). What is the velocity of the gas or water in the tube? It is 100,000 rpm relative to the motion of the rotating tube. The entrainment of the gas or water is minimal (ie. the inside walls of the glass tube do not have enough friction to move the gas or water at the speed of the tube). The fluid remains relatively at rest while the 'hula hoop' of glass spins around. (You can see this exact effect if you fill a glass with water, and start rotating the glass - the water remains at rest relative to the spinning glass cup.) What is the density of the gas or water at this extreme rate of flow? It is unchanged from when it was at rest. A fast-moving fluid (gas or water etc). does not expand, does not become less dense If you ignite a heat source, the fluid (gas or water) will expand - the increase of kinetic energy (the motion)from the heating causes the constituent particles of the fluid to 'push off' against each other, and the density decreases. Water turns into steam; the gas become more 'rarefied'. If an increase of velocity decreased the density of a fluid, people who enjoy white water rafting, or water skiing, might sink into the water.
@@mpinmpin9935 I don't want to leave this hanging. My high school physics teacher said "what are the forces acting?" when I asked for an explanation once. CASE #1: the rubber stopper has plugged up the nipple, on the right side of the tube. CASE #2: the rubber stopper has been removed WHAT ARE THE FORCES ACTING? CASE #1: The water in the larger, left side of the tube pushes against the water in the nipple due to gravity. In response, the water in the nipple pushes against the rubber stopper. The rubber stopper pushes back against the water in the nipple section. The water in the nipple then tries to expand but ends up pushing against the nipple's glass walls. That is where the ambient pressure comes from. CASE #2: the force of the rubber stopper that was pushing against the water in the nipple IS GONE. The force from the water in the larger, left side of the tube IS STILL PRESENT. It pushes on the water in the nipple. Because the force from the rubber stopper is missing, the water in the nipple can no longer expand and push against the glass of the nipple section. So the pressure declines. Here's the conversation the nipple water has with the glass in the nipple section: NIPPLE WATER SAYS: "Look - the only reason I was pushing against you, nipple glass, is because - when the large volume of water to my left pushed on me, I tried moving to the right, but THE RUBBER STOPPER PUSHED BACK AGAINST ME. So I had no choice. I pushed against the rubber stopper. It pushed back. I pushed against the water to my left. It pushed back. So I'm getting squeezed from both sides! I had no choice but to EXPAND, to PUSH, against you, nipple glass." "But when the rubber stopper was removed, and that large volume of water to my left pushed me, I did NOT GET A PUSH BACK from the rubber stopper and so I did not have to expand against you." NIPPLE GLASS SAYS: "Thanks for that. Because you didn't expand and push against me, a lot of pressure was taken away. The drop in pressure was good. By the way, WHY was the large volume to your left PUSHING YOU? Because that's what ultimately caused you to expand against me." NIPPLE WATER SAYS: "Gravity. The gravity pushed that large volume of water downward, and it expanded and pushed against me."
An Air brush functions by a certain velocity of air passing laterally down a tube of said diameter - at a mid point down the tube is a T- piece with a pipe leading to a semi liquid media /paint source - A pressure is formed at the pipe perpendicular to the main pipe due to currents being generated by the air flowing through the lateral pipe. The flow of current in turn causes a vacuum at the pipe perpendicular to it. - With a carburettor this is called down-draft. Its basically a pressure created by many things travelling at speed - Aircraft, Cars, Speed Boats - - If you have wondered why if you leave your tail gate open you get chocked by exhaust fumes being sucked back into the car.
Bernoulli explained this a long time ago. If an incompressible fluid flows out, then the flow velocity and pressure are related by the relation: p+ro*v^2/2 = const (constant) The conclusion is simple: the more the hose is pinched, the farther the jet flies.
Your test tube is after the smallest opening, so the pressure is decreasing. The pressure increases to the maximum AT the smallest opening. It increases, then decreases suddenly like a divergent rocket nozzle trading pressure for flow/thrust. Like a transformer trading voltage and current with the power being the same except for the small loss of the transformer.
Hello, would love to reach out to you and ask whether this can be applied in building structures where I want air to vent out from the roof in increased pressure, only that the tube would be vertical. Perhaps you can provide email? That would be great and would highly appreciate it. Thanks!
When moving at considerable speed, this principle becomes tactile; breathing with wind-force against ones face 'should' make inhalation easier by intuition; however it is not the case, the faster the wind approaching ones face the harder it is to inhale, in-fact the lungs volume is wrenched from ones throat instead, and only an eddy-of air-pressure will allow ones respiration at-speed.
It's not true that faster air flow implies lower air pressure. Bernoulli's Principle only says that a faster section of flow within the same fluid flow must have lower pressure than a slower section within that same flow. If you stick your head out of a fast moving car and face forward, it should be easy to inhale.
Think of the atoms bouncing off the walls. When the air moves, all the atoms can only hit the wall at an angle, exerting less pressure. Throw a ball in a tunnel and it hits at 90deg but when you throw it from a car it hits at some angle.
@@billshiff2060 , if molecules in a flow have a certain side-to-side velocity (thus pressure), increasing that flow's forward velocity does NOT affect the molecules' side-to-side velocity. For example, you can swim across a slow river in the same time that it takes you to swim across a fast river. Throwing a ball out of a stationary car window at a tunnel wall produces exactly as much pressure on the wall as if you threw the same ball at the same velocity (relative to the car) at the tunnel wall if the car were moving fast. It's true that the ball would hit the wall at a lower angle in the case of the fast-moving car, but the _component_ of the velocity perpendicular to the wall would be the same.
@jean-pierredevent970 , why would a faster air stream exert more pressure on the wall of the tube? Motion of molecules along the tube is in a different dimension than motion of molecules bouncing against (thus exerting pressure on) the tube walls. Flow velocity is independent of pressure. Many people misunderstand Bernoulli's Principle to say that faster flow implies lower pressure. It does not. It says that _within a flow_ , a higher speed is correlated with a lower pressure. Correlation is not causation. In fact, it is the pressure difference that _causes_ the velocity difference. (Molecules move because of the forces applied to them.) Your intuition that a faster air stream should not produce lower air pressure on the walls of the tube serves you well. It is not the air stream speed that causes the pressure change. It's the other way around. I'll explain why in a moment. If high velocity flow _caused_ low pressure (it doesn't), then some things which don't happen would happen: 1. A box with a vibrating side sitting on a low-friction surface could move itself in the direction of that side. 2. Taking a flexible-walled, sealed cylinder containing air at atmospheric pressure and moving it along the axis of the cylinder would cause the walls of the cylinder to bulge inward. To really understand Bernoulli's Principle, you can think about the forces being exerted on a molecule in the portion of the tube that is widening or narrowing. That molecule will feel slightly more collisions from its neighboring molecules on the wider side, thus it feels more pressure from the wide side and is accelerated toward the narrow side. _That_ is why the narrowest part of the tube has the fastest flowing molecules.
@@mattcarter1797 This is all relevant for me because we trumpet players always say we need to narrow the mouth with a high tongue, make a small aperture and contract the abdominals so that we get high pressure in the mouthpiece and trumpet which causes the high tones. I think now if perhaps there too we see it wrong but I don't know. What i do realize now is that when the doctor measures lung function, it is not useful to force the air out through half open lips since the device exit is so wide that the pressure drops immediately after the lips and the spirometer measures now less flow. I think there everything must remain open and free to get the best flow for that device. (??)
Thank you so much; Really awesome! But why did you say that the volume decreases rewriting the formula of kinetic energy which is valid only if the volume is the same? Maybe I didn't get it well; can you explain, please? Thank you.
Yes that was a mistake. The fluid is considered incompressible so no change in volume (capital V) occurs. Only changes in its velocity and pressure. Also the volume disappear entirely from the equation, as shown.
It WILL push them apart... in a vacuum. You see, human intuition is actually correct, the problem is people cannot see the difference between air and vacuum.
@@banzaiib I don't get what you mean here. A jet of gas will still have momentum even if moving into a vacuum otherwise rockets wouldn't work in space, no? We're still talking about higher pressure fluid moving into a lower pressure volume of space, same as air being blown out of a nozzle. There'd still be gas flowing behind the balls, as the expanding gas that'd moved past them would also be pushed into filling that space. Surely all that matters is that there's a relative difference in pressure? Am I missing something fundamental here?
@@WombatOfWimbledon if you pass a rapidly expanding jet of gas past two balls, then it's not really a vacuum anymore and the balls will not move apart...
@@banzaiib I was really coming from the angle that the ambient pressure being a vacuum or not probably doesn't make any kind of fundamental difference here, so we'd expect the same results regardless.
If you had that same bottle with liquid in it and another one with a tube attaching it to the pipe with a larger diameter and then increased the blower power would the liquid stop coming out of the smaller tube bottle and come out the larger tube bottle as there is less pressure??
Cross section area = 3 sq cm. Volume flow rate = 12 litres/sec = 12000 cubic cm/sec. Dividing the volume flow rate by the cross-section area of the tube will give us the average flow velocity: therefore fluid velocity = (12000/3) cm/sec = 4000 cm/sec = 40 m/sec.
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This principle humbled me as a young scientist and student pilot. I thought I knew everything, that I had an intuitive grasp of basic physics. It took me a long time to wrap my head around this one principle.
Good to hear! We should never assume that we know everything of anything. This video was indeed quite intersting.
It seems to make more sense for me to realize the air being blown is sticky and grabs the air from the side tube and pulls it along. Mayne not correct but hey I'm just a regular joe
Yes, that’s a good way to think of it. It makes more logical sense to me the way you’ve described the ‘sticky air’. I’ll remember that.
This is literally what I study in Highschools. This principle is one of the basics.
Physics is the discipline where math proves common sense totally wrong.
Same thing happens when high-pressure information passes through my low-pressure brain
What, it pushes your balls together? (sorry; couldn't resist)
lol
😅😅😅😅
😂😂
😂😂😂😂
I've just finished reading James Burke's superb book Connections, which I would recommend to anyone interested in the history of scientific ideas. In this book he explains how this principle was used to create carburettors, making possible the internal combustion engine and jet engines, and how the principle it could be used to measure the flow of a gas through a pipe. However, limited space only allowed him to give a brief overview of these things. The excellent demonstrations in your video make it easy to get my head around these concepts.
The TV series Connections is superb, as well. I highly recommend it.
@@marcochimio I remember them as a kid... when TV was informative, and not just propaganda.
Great demonstrations of Bernoulli's principle! Seeing the effect in action helps to understand it.
Unfortunatly, it is WRONG. Please make corrections or remove it.
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The statements about Bernoulli's Principle are correct, but the demonstrations are very poor.
The balls, spoon and funnel are a result of the Coanda effect.
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The tube inserted into the wall of the neck is protruding into the flow (seen at time 2:57) This causes the air to curve around the end and sides of the tube. This curved flow is the cause of the lowered pressure. This will work with no pipe around it; just the air blowing across the vertical tube.
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To correctly measure the static pressure inside your narrow neck, the end of hat tube MUST be flush with the inside surface.
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At time 4:51 we see that the two pressure sensing tubes appear to be more like flush, but it is difficult to see clearly. For that to truly sense the static pressures, there must be NOTHING protruding into and disturbing the flow.
This phenomenon is one of the most mind- fucking results in all physics to me. The fact that blowing air with high pressure through a tube with a restriction causes the air to decrease in pressure at the restricted part is so counterintuitive. My brain just will not understand how increasing the space in which a fluid can flow causes the pressure of the fluid to increase and vice versa.
Exactly!!!!
you got it right
I surrendered and decided that nature obeys to maths.
I have no PhD in physics so this may just be my 2am thoughts. I think what it's referring to specifically is the amount of air it takes to make the force. Like 150 psi is different through a straw as opposed to a 2 inch round tube. So hypothetically let's just say I would need a compressor to generate 150 psi through the tube where as I could just blow through the straw myself and make 150 psi.
I’m guessing the pressure increases at the part of the tube where it gets squeezed. Not the part where it is already squeezed.
In fact. That would explain why the pressure reduces because the narrowest part is the outlet of the compressed air
demonstrating college level fluid dynamic physics with plastic and a cheap blower. I applaud your ability to demonstrate what so many professors rely on overly complicated texts and complex mathematics to explain. BRAVO!
Glad you enjoyed it!
@@getaclass_physics But it is wrong:
This video is still WRONG. Please make corrections or remove it.
..
The statements about Bernoulli's Principle are correct, but the demonstrations are very poor.
The balls, spoon and funnel are a result of the Coanda effect.
.
The tube inserted into the wall of the neck is protruding into the flow (seen at time 2:57) This causes the air to curve around the end and sides of the tube. This curved flow is the cause of the lowered pressure. This will work with no pipe around it; just the air blowing across the vertical tube.
..
To correctly measure the static pressure inside your narrow neck, the end of hat tube MUST be flush with the inside surface.
..
At time 4:51 we see that the two pressure sensing tubes appear to be more like flush, but it is difficult to see clearly. For that to truly sense the static pressures, there must be NOTHING protruding into and disturbing the flow.
@@Observ45er While your first point is true, and the ball sticks only due to the coanda effect, the other points are only partially correct. The low pressure in the thin section of the pipe is the main reason the water flows upwards. The curve around the small pipe head directs a negligible amount of air to the top, most of it just goes around it, even if all of it was directed to the top, it not be near enough low pressure air to pull the water out.
@@SomeRendomDude Unfortunately, that demo is seriously flawed because the vertical "draw tube" is sticking up INTO the flow. It is not sensing the static pressure of that section. It would draw water up if the horizontal pipe was not there.
To properly sense the static pressure, the draw tube must not disturb the flow. It must be an opening flush with the inside surface of the pipe. This is just another clear example of people trying to demonstrate something they do not understand - -THEN stumble onto something that appears to confirm their flawed hypothesis.
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What he has there is a true Atomizer that was used in perfume bottles. The flow hits the tube end and causes a curved flow over the top and around the sides.
I have done carefully designed experiments to show this very fallacy.
See this correctly interpreted Millersville experiment:
ASPIRATORS CURL
www.millersville.edu/physics/experiments/093/
..
Weltner explains how to make a static pressure probe here:
FIG 3 Static Probe:
www.researchgate.net/publication/303974495_Misinterpretations_of_Bernoulli's_Law
The interesting part is that if you close the system, when you blow, pressure increases. However, when you open so that the air can flow, the pressure decrease the faster it goes.
Be careful. The way you stated it is not true. As you turn up the blower to increase the speed of the air-jet out of that blower, the static pressure of that jet of air coming out of the blower remains at atmospheric pressure.
That is why it exits the blower. The higher pressure inside the blower accelerates it out into atmospheric pressure. That is where we see 'Bernoulli' happening.
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When you add the surface of the ball, you are changing the conditions and it is the curve of the flow that is causing a lower pressure near the surface.
@@Observ45er I'm not talking about closing the system with a ball that can open like in the video. I'm talking about sealing the exit hole completely.
@@xdragon2k I can't make sense out of what you are proposing.
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You said: "when you open so that the air can flow, the pressure decrease the faster it goes."
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I'm talking about a blower pointed to the open air. Nothin closed about it.
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What is "open".
@@Observ45er I'm talking the counter intuitive nature of blowing into a container that is usually spread the container apart like a balloon because of increased air pressure, vs blowing through something that is open ended reducing the air pressure in the airflow and constricting the container.
@@xdragon2k I very am very sorry, but your English is not good enough for me to understand.
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Rereading your original it appears you are comparing two thigs.
1} Blowing into a container such as a bottle. When you do this you increase the pressure in the bottle. YES.
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2} Blowing into a pipe that has a wide section, then a narrow section then a wide section - a venturi, Then the pressure in the narrow section is lower than the wide sections.
. .
That;s the way it works.
Best explanation of Bernoulli's principle I came across on internet. Thank you so much!!
Comical. EVERY video on this topic has the exact same explanation: "narrower the pipe section, the lower the pressure" because equations . What happens is equations due to more equations . HOW does it work? By equations .
@@billshiff2060 Buddy, the equations explain exactly why this occurs. The velocity of the fluid increases as it travels from a wider region to a narrower region, as the work done by the fluid is down a pressure gradient. Therefore, the fluid must flow from a region of a higher cross-sectional area to a narrow cross-sectional area in order to increase its velocity, and this would naturally cause the pressure exerted by the fluid to decrease. Mathematical equations simply explain this phenomenon through variables instead of words.
@@weltschmerzistofthaufig2440 So your explanation is, it is caused "naturally" + equations.
No mention of particle velocity, which IS the cause of pressure, is ~ mach 1.5 regardless of where it is and yet the pressure decreases in smaller passages.
@@billshiff2060 Are you saying that Bernoulli’s principle doesn’t work? I could use kinetic particle theory to explain it, but I instead focused on macroscopic observations and mathematical evaluation to explain this. Also, who told you that particle velocity remains the same? In fact, in a narrower section, the total number of collisions between particles and the container would decrease as the work done by the fluid occurs in the direction of movement. Thus, a pressure gradient must exist to ensure that there is an increase in kinetic energy in a narrower region.
@@weltschmerzistofthaufig2440 Who told you that particle velocity varies?
One of the clearest explanations of Bernoulli's Principle that I have seen. Everything very well explained, and many examples showing how everything works. Thank you very much!
In realms of air where wings take flight,
A dance of forces, pure and bright.
Bernoulli whispered secrets old,
In currents swift, a tale unfolds.
Above, below, a magic play,
In skies where dreams find their own way.
A symphony of pressure and speed,
A waltz unseen, the laws decreed.
As air flows, it weaves a song,
A melody where forces throng.
Upon the wings of birds in flight,
Bernoulli's dance, a graceful height.
At curves and bends, in fluid grace,
The air, a partner in this chase.
Velocity and pressure dance,
In every move, a sweet romance.
From wings that lift to planes that soar,
A principle forevermore.
In tubes, in winds, in rivers wide,
Bernoulli's truth, an endless guide.
A theorem sung in skies so blue,
In clouds and dreams, forever true.
A whispered secret, nature's rhyme,
Bernoulli's principle, through space and time.
I love this!! ❤
ChatGPT?
Me, using ChatGPT 😄@@bindum7178
This felt like something straight out of Ace Combat.
❤
Yes, very obviously ChatGPT
This video is awesome! It explains teh principle in a simple way, as well as showing *how* it works and demonstration of the use
So... the two balls were "sucked" towards each other because the two balls created a small channel for air or water to pass, thus creating lower pressure compared surrounding space (atmospheric pressure). This lower pressure in this smaller channel creates a vaccum, pulling the balls together.
Kind of. The higher pressure on the outsides push the balls together. There's no "pulling".
Fantastic use of the word _thus._ 😄
A pressure difference in stead of a vacuum.
Yeah i think it's also due the the specific shape of the sphere.
it's not the vacuum that pulls the balls. You've said it: it's the atmospheric pressure that pushes them.
__
for a 3 cm radius sphere we get about 1 N:
P=f/A; f=PA = 101 Pa * 4Pir^2 =101*0.0113=~1 N
Muito boa a explicação. Obrigado! Para quem não entendeu o final, em 4:50 a velocidade é calculada dividindo o "volume de ar por segundo" (12 l/s = 12000 cm3/s) pela "área da seção" (3 cm2) = 4000 cm/s = 40m/s
You just made a carburetor.
Damb it you beat me to it lmao
And an air brush.
I thought it was a bong. But I ain’t that smart. 😂
Merge collector 😎
Syphon hose
This seems rather unintuitive, but you explained it very clearly. Thank you.
Very simplified demonstration of the basic principle of Bernoulli .I wish some body could have explained me in my school level in such a lucid language.
Beautifully explained. One of the best videos on Bernoulli's principle on RUclips.
You made my echocardiogram studies easier, thank you
What ? Hiwnplz
I mean how plz
What a superb video lesson. Very clear and engaging. Many thanks.
😊
But WRONG.
The statements about Bernoulli's Principle are correct, but the demonstrations are very poor.
The balls, spoon and funnel age a result of the Coanda effect.
.
The tube inserted into the wall of the neck is protruding into the flow (seen at time 2:57) This causes the air to curve around the end and sides of the tube. This curved flow is the cause of the lowered pressure. This will work with no pipe around it; just the air blowing across the vertical tube.
..
To correctly measure the static pressure inside your narrow neck, the end of hat tube MUST be flush with the inside surface.
..
At time 4:51 we see that the two pressure sensing tubes appear to be more like flush, but it is difficult to see clearly. For that to truly sense the static pressures, there must be NOTHING protruding into and disturbing the flow.
Please make more videos. 🙏
Doing so will increase the likelihood of young minds coming across valuable information such as this.
🧠🧠🧠🧠🧠🧠🧠🧠🧠
Venturi, excellent illustration.
Great demonstrations of Bernoulli's principle!
That was the best lecture I have ever seen.
Great video, I now know how to work the spray bottles.😄😄
Unfortunately it is wrong. . .
.
This video is still WRONG. Please make corrections or remove it.
..
The statements about Bernoulli's Principle are correct, but the demonstrations are very poor.
The balls, spoon and funnel are a result of the Coanda effect.
.
The tube inserted into the wall of the neck is protruding into the flow (seen at time 2:57) This causes the air to curve around the end and sides of the tube. This curved flow is the cause of the lowered pressure. This will work with no pipe around it; just the air blowing across the vertical tube.
..
To correctly measure the static pressure inside your narrow neck, the end of hat tube MUST be flush with the inside surface.
..
At time 4:51 we see that the two pressure sensing tubes appear to be more like flush, but it is difficult to see clearly. For that to truly sense the static pressures, there must be NOTHING protruding into and disturbing the flow.
. . . .
This shows the proper way to measure static pressure within a flow:
Weltner Direct link: still valid on June 24 224:
“Misinterpretations of Bernoulli's Law
by Klaus Weltner, University of Frankfurt (G)”
FIG 3 Static Probe:
www.prirodopolis.hr/Bernoulli-Coanda%20Demo_files/Misinterpretations%20of%20Bernoullis%20Law.pdf
.
.
An excellent learning aide. Very well done.
The pressure reduction is due to the expanding exit and not the narrow part of the system. The width of the entry may not be important but the exit, the wide exit creates a sudden increased volume hence the reduced pressure. I would like to see the same experiment be done without the expanding exit and see if there will be any differences
now this got my interest,
you explained it better sir 👌
The exit or diffuser has been measured (not estimated) countless times to have increase in pressure, the negative peak of pr3ssure coefficient is at most right before it, if your brainstorm was close to right the entire racing industry would be incorrect.
That happens at supersonic speeds
No, that is not Bernoulis principle. As she explained, the product of mass and velocity equal a constant, such that if you increase the velocity, pressure must decrease to maintain the same energy in the stream. It has nothing to do with what happens further downstream. You are confusing this with what happens when you pulse the pressure of a compressable gas, there are waves of low pressure radiating from the convergent and divergent sections. This is used in two stroke exhaust systems known as expansion chambers.
I would have loved to have seen this video as my younger self, it explains perfectly why airplane wings work
The first demonstration (with the 2 balls) perfectly explains porpoising in Formula 1.
Clip này thực sự đã chạm đến trái tim mình. Bạn đã truyền tải những cảm xúc về tình yêu, lòng kiên nhẫn và sự bao dung một cách rất chân thành và tinh tế. Đây thực sự là một video có giá trị nhân văn cao mà mình tin rằng ai cũng nên xem để suy ngẫm về cuộc sống và cách đối xử với nhau.
Right on smarty pants, well explained and demos. Nice job!
There is difference between watching an example with animation and watching one in real life. This one is faar better than anination.❤ Thanks!
That's one of the educating channels you subscribe to.. once a fan of science always a fan of science
Fascinating video. However, I am not sure that the ball hanging in the water coming from a tap is really demonstrating the Bernoulli principle.
Firstly, the water is not being constrained to flow through a narrower channel - it is free to flow over the surface of the ball and so the cross section of the flow is probably not reduced.
Secondly, if you look at the flow of water coming off the bottom of the ball, it is deflected to the right after it has flowed over the surface of the ball. Changing the direction of the water flow to the right causes a reactive force on the ball towards the left, and this is probably what makes the ball appear to cling to the water - the ball comes to a rest where this leftward force is balanced by the rightward force of the downward water flow pushing on the ball.
I agree that the ball in the running water was not explained right or enough. But I think they meant that the change in the pressure of AIR around the running water causes the movement of the ball, not the pressure of the water. For some years now I have wanted to know why the spoon is pulled by the running water. And to me it looks like the curved shape plays the major role. I doesn't happen when you rinse a knife.
@@sylwiagotzman5422 Have a look at the video: Why are so many pilots wrong about Bernoulli’s Principle? by Fly with Magnar (ruclips.net/video/uyRx25MSWng/видео.html). IMO he explains quite well what you're describing, it is the same as for an airfoil. Spoiler: it is also Bernoulli's Principle, and has indeed to do with acceleration of the fluid at the convex part of the spoon
It's the Coanda effect, not Bernoulli's Principle, that pulls the spheres or spoons together in a liquid or gas flow. The experiment would not be able to be replicated with cubes instead of spheres.
I had to subscribe! Amazing video!
2:17 How'd you guys manage to get professor dr. cillian murphy?
I have always had difficulty providing an intuitive explanation for this phenomenon, but if we try to think of pressure as potential energy rather than force per unit of surface area, perhaps the concept becomes a bit more intuitive. Or, imagine having a blown-up balloon. The balloon has a certain internal pressure. When the balloon is opened, the air inside the balloon starts to move faster. The internal pressure of the balloon then decreases because the potential energy of the air inside the balloon is converted into kinetic energy.
Good analogy
You have to embrace pressure to reach your full potential.
I think that this didn't explain the nature of the effect - the *behavior* of the particles (or strings) in flow relative to "stationary" ones.
A part two to the video, with particle animation, where you visualize the pressure exerted by particles which do not flow is very much needed in my opinion.
This is counterintuitive. How did I live these whole years without knowing? How many more are out there that I think I know but I don't? Holy Castana!
Dolores Umbridge ?
at 3:22 does the air pressure gets transmitted to the plastic bottle from the pipe through the tube? which lowers the pressure inside the bottle as air flows causing atmospheric pressure to crush it??
The correct term is to say `Bernoulli's' Integral', since it is just an integral of the Euler's equations of motion for a particular case of steady, inviscid and potential flow. The term `principle' is related to something very fundamental, like The Principle of Least Action etc.
I honestly hope nobody is watching this video for Education purposes. Because my soul died in the first 2 minutes
That name is popularly known by people.
You can get the same equation by cancelling viscous terms and triple integrating Navier-Stokes' momentum equation. If I can do that, then it should be called the Navier-Stokes-Bernoulli equation, and it's not that
A name is just that, a name, so people can easily recognize the equation
I was looking for a video to watch so I could fall asleep. Now I need not sleep but answer.
This is the benefit of educational videos ))
This demonstration also covers the Coande and Magnus effects, maybe even the Casimir effect.
Finally a good explanation of Bernoulli's principle
I'm a kindergarten teacher. Every Friday, we make a science toy. Other teachers in my school just say "Ok, let's make today's toy." I don't. In my class, we learn why it works, how it works. Ok, at kindergarten level, but it can be done. We have a toy each year that uses the Bernoulli principle of the ball in the cone. We use a plastic kitchen funnel and a straw, with a polystyrene (styrofoam) ball. I get the kids to color one half of the ball with a felt pen. That helps us to see how the ball moves. By watching the ball's movement, we can start to understand the airflow. That's when I link it to light bending around stars, or black holes. It's by looking at what you can see that you understand what you can't see.
This just blew my mind.
06:17 what is the use of this construction? I cannot see any use here, because there is no extra tube using the vacuum?
Excellent demonstrations. best wishes for your channel growth
The video is great and makes it clear how the pressure works for air and liquids and such, but how would the joined trumpet shapes react to sound. If one half is similar to the old ear trumpets that increased the sound, is this saying that the increase in sound is similar to the speed pf water, and that the increase in sound is matched by a decrease in some other quality of sound.
5:20 Isnt then the amount of gas the travels through the pipeline limited by that section?
Its confusing. I think no, as the gas can be pressed through. Doesn't this then create a temperature difference, where the thinner part gets warmer and after it its colder than average?
The seemingly stationary yet the active atmosphere around the two-ball system pushes the ball to come together when the air in between them is displaced. Though the atmosphere tries to fill in the gap again with air, the continuous removal of air makes the balls stick together and the direction of the displacing pressure dictates the direction of the balls' rotation.
👑for you my unsung hero
👉 3:00 This principle solves the problems of empty nose 👃 syndrome, allowing the paranasal sinuses to be emptied and the viscous secretions of the middle and upper meatus to be cleaned, improving nasal physiology and breathing. Maintaining internal humidity in the Oropharynx.
Can u elaborate
Hi!@@selsabil3154
What are you referring to? What do you want to be prepared? Please be more explicit. I don't understand what you mean.
Beautiful video. What a cozy nice accent. I loved it.
Oh! So for the thing at 3:00 it doesn't matter if it's an airblower or a vacuum, since it's symmetrical anyway, which can more intuitively explain why it sucks up the liquid
loved it man
How does this relate to the Pitot effect?
The apparatus is like the Pitot tube on an aircraft used for speed measurement.
The Pitot tube is normally mounted externally near the nose of the aircraft, in a position where the airflow passing over it is relatively uniform (laminar). It measures the difference between the dynamic pressure of the air and the static (stationary) air pressure. The air velocity is then derived directly using Bernoulli's theorem/equation and displayed on the aircraft's airspeed indicator (ASI) for the pilot. The Pitot tube is a simple and effective measuring device (no moving parts) and dates back to the very early flying machines!
Hello. This is partially miss informative !
The Bernoulli theorem is challenging, but it kind of makes sense in a CLOSED system. You could think of it in lines of that you have roller coaster carts attached with springs. As they start rolling downhill the speed increases and the cart in front is pulling the spring to the next cart and vice versa. When they are slowing down uphill ... the springs compress (higher pressure) when the speed decreases.
Now when you start blowing stuff in to the surrounding atmosphere it gets messy. The two spears getting drawn together, it is because of the coanda effect. The pointed jet sucks the surrounding air with it and creates a low pressure. NOT to do with Bernoullis principle. I know; It is complicated :). The ball hanging under the water flow, counter intuitive or not has to do with the coanda effect, i.e. water being sticky and curving around the ball, hens creating an opposite force to the curving acceleration.
Oh well. Always have doubt, if your intuition says that something is not necessary so ;) .
You are right.
Finally someone pointed it out! There are so many misinterpretation regarding Bernoulli's Principle. It has rather strict assumptions for the fluid and the system (closed system, inviscid, incompressible, irrotational, no external force other than gravity etc.) and is not what people think it is.
Another wide spread rumor is that lifting force of a plane can be explained by Bernoulli's Principle. It is so wrong that NASA specifically wrote an article titled "Incorrect Lift Theory" for it:
www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/VirtualAero/BottleRocket/airplane/wrong1.html
Most videos claiming to be showing Bernoulli's Principle are NOT doing it under correct assumptions. Sigh.
Thank you for your effort, but you're assuming the surface is (or that it even could) pulling the air towards itself which is blatantly false, Coanda is a mere observation that air tends to follow the surfaces which is false as soon as flow separates, and it works on water because 1- surface tension and 2- water is much denser than air.
All aerodynamics forces are pressure driven, like Newton on fluids, which is the correct way of visualising it.
@@davidaugustofc2574, the Coanda effect also occurs with air (not just water) flowing over a curved surface, and is the reason for the spheres being pulled together with air flowing in between and for the sphere being pulled into the water flow. The same result does not occur if you use cubes instead of spheres. Those experiments do not exemplify Bernoulli's Principle, which applies to a single fluid flow. It is the pressure difference that causes the velocity difference, not the other way around.
@@mattcarter1797 My problem with the Coanda effect is that it is a gross oversimplification of the entire thing. You need to understand a little bit from several topics to understand what it really means, and those topics are more helpful than the conclusion.
Air is mostly neutrally charged, as gas molecules usually are, so the external electron layers will repel each other, a gas would expand to Infinity if it had a chance and enough time. However, due to the local, gravitational effects from the Earth, the air is squeezed together, and the balance of those is the atmospheric (sometimes known as static) pressure.
Gravity makes it so that pressure is very even for the same height all across the globe (temperature changes aside), so when a moving body is going through air and changing the pressure around itself, there will be a restoring force acting on the fluid to bring the new pressure value back to the original one. That is pressure will flow from high to low until there's negligible difference between the areas.
When the air gets close the surface it's pushed away by the first layer, that's attached to the surface due to friction, and when the surface curves away from the direction of flow it forms low pressure pockets that will exert less force on the surface and nearby molecules that the air surrounding it, thus guiding the air towards the surface. (Greatly helps if you have a way of visualising it)
And that's very simplified in it's own rights, since vorticity is a humongous topic on it's own, that I haven't even touched. I cannot understand how we're helping people by telling them about the Coanda effect and not the reasons behind it, you can't really learn anything from it. Okay, it was a great discovery for their time, but we're now at a stage where computers can generate airfoils from a set of requirements, we need to point out that air tends to follow surfaces and move on to deeper topics and not keep hanging on to it as explanation for anything.
Very nicely explained basics.
conservation of energy is a weak explanation because it does not explain why the fluid accelerated into the narrow section. Fluid has mass and a force is required to Accelerate a mass, so what is the force and what is the source of the force?
Excellent presentation thanks a lot...beautiful presentation of the bit difficult concept to explain the students.....really....it is made too much easy......by you.....briliently simplified by demonsyrations and last photo of Actually venturimeter is also most important....Thanks a lot to All of you who have made Physics simple🙏
Randomly stumbled to this video and thankfully I clicked it. Now I understand how the soap get used when my father use the his pressure washer with bottle of soap on the water gun.
I have an interview question (for the post of nuclear scientist ) on this principle.
Qsn)can we use the pressure sensors at throat and diverging sections gives the same result .
Qsn)do this arrangement give same result as traditional arrangement (pressure sensors at converging and throat section).
Great video
You made my day with this
Glad you enjoyed it
Pressure and Flow = volume per minute - Just like voltage and current = watts. The amount of output remains the same even though you are changing the ratio of pressure to flow.
I just wish someone would taught me like this when i was young.. when RUclips was not that much a big hit and we had to pay exorbitant prices for just 1GB of internet data in India at that point of time we had to imagine all we could.. but now seeing this animated video with real life examples is what giving me an epiphany that what i imagined at that point of time was correct…
If it were semi-solids forced through the restriction wouldn’t the pressure increase? I’m thinking of crowds of people rushing through a narrow fire exit in some emergency situation. Of course the pressure would increase at the narrowest point along their path as people are pushing and shoving to get through a restrictive, narrowed doorway. Why is it the opposite when it comes to gases? What about liquids?
That's because the density. In the examples, the fluid density is pretty much the same, so an increase in speed cause an drop at pressure. An anology with people is that in the case that the average distance is constant. In this case to pass the narrow space, they need to go faster. If they don't, the average distance decreases.
I love this woman's voice.
By slowly pressing a box internal pressure would rise and the walls of box would heat up. Box would remain pressed in position that force heat of walls and heat of walls would be collected for electric energy production or for heating , keeping the box in pressed position would be done whit some closed brackets so no input of energy for keeping the box pressed so all its heat would be used to produce output of energy
2:30 try turning it around tho’. The air must have lower pressure than outside the tube…but the straw will experience +ve pressure because it is upwind of the narrowest part.
I really LOVE this video
Back in the 80s we had Bernoulli Boxes
These were large (for the time) memory disks using the Bernoulli principle
I know you have a large queue of ideas, but could you please put a video talking about this video along with one explaining the Bernoulli Box?
that's hilarous
I have never doubted, but always puzzled by the decrease in pressure.
There is no questioning the observations, and formulas may describe the principal perfectly, but why? What is happening at the physical interaction?
CONSIDER THESE TWO CASES (a simplified look at the conditions of the tube).
The tube is wide and sealed off (permanently) on the left side and has a very narrow 'nipple' part on its right side. The only opening of the tube is at the rightmost end of the nipple. The tube is positioned horizontally with the wide side to your left, and the narrow nipple side on the right. If the nipple's opening is not blocked, water will flow out of the tube to the right, out the nipple.
*_CASE ONE:_* there is ONE (1) atom of water in the narrow part of the tube and it is not moving - there is a rubber 'stopper' placed in the opening and no water can flow out of the tube
*_CASE TWO:_* there is one atom of water in the narrow part of the tube and the rubber stopper has been removed
The one atom in the nipple section distorts due to the force - the water pressure - coming from the large volume of water on its left. Because the nipple is blocked by the rubber stopper, the atom pushes back, per Newton's 3rd law, equally and in a spherical fashion: (1) against the glass in the nipple; (2) against the water on its left; (3) against the rubber stopper on its right.
With the rubber stopper removed, the distortion of the atom is no longer equal in a spherical fashion. Since there is no longer a 'push back' on its right side (the rubber stopper is no longer there), instead of 'pushing back' against the glass in the nipple, the atom exits the nipple to the right. From the perspective of the glass in the nipple section, it 'feels' less push from the atom. This is a reduction of pressure in the nipple section.
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The faster air flows, the lesser the density of the air. At molecular level, the particles at lower densiity are strained apart. Hence, the particles at higher density flow, filling the particles at lower density.
EDITED: This is wrong
@@mpinmpin9935 Thank you, that was perfect! That has been driving me nuts since physics classes 20 years ago!
@@mpinmpin9935 This is not correct. To see why, imagine a glass tube that is circular - like a hollow, glass hula hoop. It is filled with a fluid (a gas, or water, etc).
The tube is rotated to 100,000rpm (assume structural integrity of the glass, ie. the glass tube is thick and does not fly apart).
What is the velocity of the gas or water in the tube? It is 100,000 rpm relative to the motion of the rotating tube. The entrainment of the gas or water is minimal (ie. the inside walls of the glass tube do not have enough friction to move the gas or water at the speed of the tube). The fluid remains relatively at rest while the 'hula hoop' of glass spins around. (You can see this exact effect if you fill a glass with water, and start rotating the glass - the water remains at rest relative to the spinning glass cup.)
What is the density of the gas or water at this extreme rate of flow? It is unchanged from when it was at rest.
A fast-moving fluid (gas or water etc). does not expand, does not become less dense
If you ignite a heat source, the fluid (gas or water) will expand - the increase of kinetic energy (the motion)from the heating causes the constituent particles of the fluid to 'push off' against each other, and the density decreases. Water turns into steam; the gas become more 'rarefied'.
If an increase of velocity decreased the density of a fluid, people who enjoy white water rafting, or water skiing, might sink into the water.
@@mpinmpin9935 I don't want to leave this hanging. My high school physics teacher said "what are the forces acting?" when I asked for an explanation once.
CASE #1: the rubber stopper has plugged up the nipple, on the right side of the tube.
CASE #2: the rubber stopper has been removed
WHAT ARE THE FORCES ACTING?
CASE #1: The water in the larger, left side of the tube pushes against the water in the nipple due to gravity. In response, the water in the nipple pushes against the rubber stopper. The rubber stopper pushes back against the water in the nipple section. The water in the nipple then tries to expand but ends up pushing against the nipple's glass walls. That is where the ambient pressure comes from.
CASE #2: the force of the rubber stopper that was pushing against the water in the nipple IS GONE. The force from the water in the larger, left side of the tube IS STILL PRESENT. It pushes on the water in the nipple.
Because the force from the rubber stopper is missing, the water in the nipple can no longer expand and push against the glass of the nipple section. So the pressure declines.
Here's the conversation the nipple water has with the glass in the nipple section:
NIPPLE WATER SAYS:
"Look - the only reason I was pushing against you, nipple glass, is because - when the large volume of water to my left pushed on me, I tried moving to the right, but THE RUBBER STOPPER PUSHED BACK AGAINST ME. So I had no choice. I pushed against the rubber stopper. It pushed back. I pushed against the water to my left. It pushed back. So I'm getting squeezed from both sides! I had no choice but to EXPAND, to PUSH, against you, nipple glass."
"But when the rubber stopper was removed, and that large volume of water to my left pushed me, I did NOT GET A PUSH BACK from the rubber stopper and so I did not have to expand against you."
NIPPLE GLASS SAYS:
"Thanks for that. Because you didn't expand and push against me, a lot of pressure was taken away. The drop in pressure was good. By the way, WHY was the large volume to your left PUSHING YOU? Because that's what ultimately caused you to expand against me."
NIPPLE WATER SAYS:
"Gravity. The gravity pushed that large volume of water downward, and it expanded and pushed against me."
Do you know the auto stop mechanism of gas pump to prevent spill over is based on Bernoulli's principle?
An Air brush functions by a certain velocity of air passing laterally down a tube of said diameter - at a mid point down the tube is a T- piece with a pipe leading to a semi liquid media /paint source -
A pressure is formed at the pipe perpendicular to the main pipe due to currents being generated by the air flowing through the lateral pipe.
The flow of current in turn causes a vacuum at the pipe perpendicular to it. - With a carburettor this is called down-draft.
Its basically a pressure created by many things travelling at speed - Aircraft, Cars, Speed Boats - - If you have wondered why if you leave your tail gate open you get chocked by exhaust fumes being sucked back into the car.
Hey! just a small doubt , isnt the first example where the 2 balls come together because of the Coanda effect?
Then how come when I make the hose exit narrower the water shoots further and has more force
Bernoulli explained this a long time ago.
If an incompressible fluid flows out, then the flow velocity and pressure are related by the relation:
p+ro*v^2/2 = const (constant)
The conclusion is simple: the more the hose is pinched, the farther the jet flies.
Your test tube is after the smallest opening, so the pressure is decreasing. The pressure increases to the maximum AT the smallest opening. It increases, then decreases suddenly like a divergent rocket nozzle trading pressure for flow/thrust. Like a transformer trading voltage and current with the power being the same except for the small loss of the transformer.
I love unintuitive tangible results in physics . It’s humbling that reality is not what it seems
Hello, would love to reach out to you and ask whether this can be applied in building structures where I want air to vent out from the roof in increased pressure, only that the tube would be vertical. Perhaps you can provide email? That would be great and would highly appreciate it. Thanks!
When moving at considerable speed, this principle becomes tactile; breathing with wind-force against ones face 'should' make inhalation easier by intuition; however it is not the case, the faster the wind approaching ones face the harder it is to inhale, in-fact the lungs volume is wrenched from ones throat instead, and only an eddy-of air-pressure will allow ones respiration at-speed.
It's not true that faster air flow implies lower air pressure. Bernoulli's Principle only says that a faster section of flow within the same fluid flow must have lower pressure than a slower section within that same flow. If you stick your head out of a fast moving car and face forward, it should be easy to inhale.
"the lungs volume is wrenched from ones throat"
Maybe the wind was pressing against your chest too and that forced the air out of your mouth.
It's very difficult to grasp that faster air stream does not exert more pressure on the wall of the tube.
Think of the atoms bouncing off the walls. When the air moves, all the atoms can only hit the wall at an angle, exerting less pressure. Throw a ball in a tunnel and it hits at 90deg but when you throw it from a car it hits at some angle.
@@billshiff2060 Very nice explained !
@@billshiff2060 , if molecules in a flow have a certain side-to-side velocity (thus pressure), increasing that flow's forward velocity does NOT affect the molecules' side-to-side velocity. For example, you can swim across a slow river in the same time that it takes you to swim across a fast river. Throwing a ball out of a stationary car window at a tunnel wall produces exactly as much pressure on the wall as if you threw the same ball at the same velocity (relative to the car) at the tunnel wall if the car were moving fast. It's true that the ball would hit the wall at a lower angle in the case of the fast-moving car, but the _component_ of the velocity perpendicular to the wall would be the same.
@jean-pierredevent970 , why would a faster air stream exert more pressure on the wall of the tube? Motion of molecules along the tube is in a different dimension than motion of molecules bouncing against (thus exerting pressure on) the tube walls. Flow velocity is independent of pressure.
Many people misunderstand Bernoulli's Principle to say that faster flow implies lower pressure. It does not. It says that _within a flow_ , a higher speed is correlated with a lower pressure. Correlation is not causation. In fact, it is the pressure difference that _causes_ the velocity difference. (Molecules move because of the forces applied to them.)
Your intuition that a faster air stream should not produce lower air pressure on the walls of the tube serves you well. It is not the air stream speed that causes the pressure change. It's the other way around. I'll explain why in a moment.
If high velocity flow _caused_ low pressure (it doesn't), then some things which don't happen would happen: 1. A box with a vibrating side sitting on a low-friction surface could move itself in the direction of that side. 2. Taking a flexible-walled, sealed cylinder containing air at atmospheric pressure and moving it along the axis of the cylinder would cause the walls of the cylinder to bulge inward.
To really understand Bernoulli's Principle, you can think about the forces being exerted on a molecule in the portion of the tube that is widening or narrowing. That molecule will feel slightly more collisions from its neighboring molecules on the wider side, thus it feels more pressure from the wide side and is accelerated toward the narrow side. _That_ is why the narrowest part of the tube has the fastest flowing molecules.
@@mattcarter1797 This is all relevant for me because we trumpet players always say we need to narrow the mouth with a high tongue, make a small aperture and contract the abdominals so that we get high pressure in the mouthpiece and trumpet which causes the high tones. I think now if perhaps there too we see it wrong but I don't know.
What i do realize now is that when the doctor measures lung function, it is not useful to force the air out through half open lips since the device exit is so wide that the pressure drops immediately after the lips and the spirometer measures now less flow. I think there everything must remain open and free to get the best flow for that device. (??)
Thank you so much; Really awesome! But why did you say that the volume decreases rewriting the formula of kinetic energy which is valid only if the volume is the same? Maybe I didn't get it well; can you explain, please? Thank you.
Yes that was a mistake. The fluid is considered incompressible so no change in volume (capital V) occurs. Only changes in its velocity and pressure. Also the volume disappear entirely from the equation, as shown.
Now it's clear. Thank you very much for your generous activities.
1:02 would the same thing happen if it's a laminar flow?
My frontal cortex, as well as my rearward cortex, and also both of my lateral cortexes ( and also my sagittal cortexii ) are all blown apart.
Silindir içine direct injection teknolojisi geliştirilmeden önceki otomobillerin karbüratörü bu prensiple çalışmaktaydı.
It WILL push them apart... in a vacuum. You see, human intuition is actually correct, the problem is people cannot see the difference between air and vacuum.
nope, this video does not talk about why, it talks about what. In a vacuum there can't be any gas flow so nothing would happen.
@@banzaiib I don't get what you mean here. A jet of gas will still have momentum even if moving into a vacuum otherwise rockets wouldn't work in space, no? We're still talking about higher pressure fluid moving into a lower pressure volume of space, same as air being blown out of a nozzle. There'd still be gas flowing behind the balls, as the expanding gas that'd moved past them would also be pushed into filling that space. Surely all that matters is that there's a relative difference in pressure? Am I missing something fundamental here?
@@WombatOfWimbledon
Thankyou.
@@WombatOfWimbledon if you pass a rapidly expanding jet of gas past two balls, then it's not really a vacuum anymore and the balls will not move apart...
@@banzaiib I was really coming from the angle that the ambient pressure being a vacuum or not probably doesn't make any kind of fundamental difference here, so we'd expect the same results regardless.
Good channel needs more subs.
Waah this is amazing
The flow of a liquid or gas following along the outside of a curved surface is the COANDA EFFECT!
Nice explanation. But.... Swiss? Daniel was born in the Netherlands, famous university city of Groningen.
If you had that same bottle with liquid in it and another one with a tube attaching it to the pipe with a larger diameter and then increased the blower power would the liquid stop coming out of the smaller tube bottle and come out the larger tube bottle as there is less pressure??
Flow is displacing molecules between. Thus, flow displaced by volume pushes molecules.
Why do outer layers of atmosphere cool down at increased Co2 but the inner warm up?
If P1 and P2 are different then how come fluid volume (say gas) remain the same at those two points ?
Just studied it for the first time, then found this video.
Cool!
thanks a lot, the physics is wonderful
Is this not a Venturi as used in steam engines to inject water into the steam jacket?
how u find that if there is a section of 3 square cm, whit a flux of 12 L/s; the velocity is 40 m/s
Cross section area = 3 sq cm. Volume flow rate = 12 litres/sec = 12000 cubic cm/sec. Dividing the volume flow rate by the cross-section area of the tube will give us the average flow velocity: therefore fluid velocity = (12000/3) cm/sec = 4000 cm/sec = 40 m/sec.
Is it legal to teach this in Florida?
At 04:10 she says "in this case, the volume (of water) decreases.." Why the volume dcreases?
If you control the sizes of both ends of the funnels carefully you can get supersonic air flow from non supersonic air flow.