2-Minute Neuroscience: Blood-Brain Barrier
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- Опубликовано: 7 фев 2025
- In this video, I discuss the blood-brain barrier, a complex that surrounds most of the blood vessels in the brain and protects the brain from potentially dangerous substances that might be circulating in the blood stream. I discuss the tight junctions of endothelial cells as one of the main structural components of the blood-brain barrier, as well as describe the contribution of astrocytic end-feet to the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier. Finally, I discuss the circumventricular organs as structures in the brain that lack a blood-brain barrier.
For an article (on my website) that explains the blood-brain barrier, click this link: neuroscientifi...
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss the blood-brain barrier.
The blood-brain barrier is a complex that surrounds most of the blood vessels in the brain. It acts as a barrier between the bloodstream and the extracellular space of the brain, allowing only certain substances like water, oxygen, and small lipid-soluble substances to easily cross from the blood into the brain. This prevents toxins, pathogens, and other potentially dangerous substances from crossing from the circulatory system into the brain.
It is thought that the central components of the structure of the blood-brain barrier are the tight junctions of endothelial cells, the cells that make up the interior surface of blood vessels. In other blood vessels throughout the body, there are small spaces between these endothelial cells; small blood-borne substances can pass through these spaces and into surrounding tissues.
The endothelial cells that make up the blood-brain barrier, however, are fused tightly together to form tight junctions that restrict diffusion across the blood vessel lining. Glial cells called astrocytes also have projections called astrocytic end-feet that extend to the walls of blood vessels that are part of the blood-brain barrier. Astrocytic end-feet often completely surround blood vessels in the brain and are thought to play critical roles in the formation of the blood-brain barrier. For example, they seem to be involved with signaling that prompts endothelial cells to form the tight junctions necessary to create the blood-brain barrier and they are believed to have multiple functions involving the maintenance and regulation of the blood-brain barrier.
The blood-brain barrier protects most of the blood vessels in the brain, but there are some areas that lack a blood-brain barrier, allowing substances to pass from the circulatory system to the brain and back. For example, the circumventricular organs are a group of structures lacking a blood-brain barrier that are centered around the ventricles of the brain. These structures are thought to be lacking a blood-brain barrier because their functions require access to the bloodstream. The posterior pituitary gland, for example, has to be able to release hormones directly into the bloodstream.
REFERENCE:
Ballabh P, Braun A, & Nedergaard M (2004). The blood-brain barrier: an overview: structure, regulation, and clinical implications. Neurobiology of disease, 16 (1), 1-13 PMID: 15207256
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I love how you just spit it out. I can't stand when someone take forever to say something. Great video.
The problem is that, for the majority of people, this is way too fast to grasp the content as due, especially if one is not acquainted with the terms or has graduated from another area but not necessarily either as in such a brief span of time it's not pedagogically fit to make a person fix the processes in the mind!
I say that as an educator myself, who, though retired, loves learning about different subject and helping those who are also interested in this sort of learning.
The platform Future Learn gives wonderful online courses on an incredible diversity of areas and topics, many of which target the lay public (and/or students looking for a career to follow when they get into college).
I actually watched this as one of the videos suggested by one of the courses I made there recently. Each university also makes videos of their own for the courses but which can only be accessed on the course pages.
@@joalexsg9741 so watch it a few times. He explains and shows everything he is talking about.
@@mayi.matysik6332 Have you ever considered that people must have other subject as important as or even having more priority over to focus on? I could grasp if but I often have too many ongoing readings (and many more in line) and videos from different topics and areas to watch as well.
I advise those who are engaged in pedagogical initiatives to use the modern techniques taught by the latest advances in neuroscience applied to teaching and learning: cutting the info in smaller chunks so the brain can assimilate them better and stick to the essential points in each process, if a larger audience is targeted.
This is the best for reaching a larger public which has not studied any subject in the area but wants to get acquainted with it, unless the educator is only aiming at the specialized public.
However, even in the latter case, if one is worried about helping those with more difficult in learning, for whatever reasons, such techniques are also required.
@@mayi.matysik6332 don't you think that the process of rewatching a few times and actually thinking about the video in order to really grasp the content is somewhat similar to a relatively slower method of teaching/passing along the information?
In other words, the outcome is more than less the same, at least the time and effort required.
Laughs hypercognitively in x3 speed
Once is more then enough
This channel is amazing. My teachers take hours to make messy and completely not understandable something what you can make clear in two minutes!
I have a younger sister who’s teacher actually use this video in her lesson
It’s a Paragon of brilliance to be able to simplify the complex
Just as cooking our food with heat made it easier to digest in shorter time frames thus leading to greater psychic evolution
It always stuns me to see how concepts can be further broken down into simpler and simpler terms, making the complex into the the bread and butter. Excellent work!
Definitely his video are so short and sweet for me to understand and with the appropriate amount of info that help me to get to the bottom of those concepts🎉
I'm from Brazil and I love studying english medical content because of its easy explanation. Congratulations!
Singlehandedly both igniting my passion towards neuroscience, but also saving me from the wrath that is my finals in a week. Much love
I know that feeling! Did you know some addicts use loperamide in oder to get high? To cross the blood brain barrier with antidiarrhoeal medication...now that's what I call talking sh*t!
very underrated video (and likely channel). Extremely well presented in an incredibly concise way. I love it!
With the astrocyte ends touching the endothelial tissue around the vessel, that explains how brains react to various substances that might slip between the endothelial tissue, such as ETOH. Thank you so much!
This short topic description is absolutely perfect for quick understanding ❤️
A 2 minute process that clearly explains blood brain barrier thank you.
Thank you so much! I just could not get this concept to click on how it was structured or functioned and this simple explanation at least gives me an idea of what is meant when the bbb is referenced. Thank you.
Thanks man !! Really helpful . Love the quickness
Tomorrow is my Final exam and I have learned alot form this.Thank you Sir😊🙏
It should be illegal to make an ad that's longer than the video itself
😂😂😂😂😂
I so agree 👏🏻
@seth.czerepak there used to be no ads at all on RUclips
RUclips premium is well worth the cost for ad free videos alone. If you’re a student it’s 50% off as well
What ad are you poors talking about?
Brilliant wee channel
Belfast Ireland 🇮🇪 😎
Nice job young scientist, thank you for posting, keep learning and keep teaching (two great ways to expand knowledge)!
Thank you.
thank you! we're now studying physiology so i am looking for vids related to it.
very nice video with great explanation
Absolute legend
Blood brain barrier : blood brain barrier is a complex that separates the brain blood veels and the extracellular fluid in the brain. It is endothelial cells that surround blood vessels and has gaps in it so it can let certain molecules in or out of blood vessel into the brain . These substances can include caffeine, Glucose, alcohol but not include drugs this is why brain medicine is hard because of it permeability it does not let its effects take place .
I'm very grateful!
brilliant mate
Thank you 😀 😊
These videos are perfect! Just the right amount of information to get going and read thru my textbook. Thank you =)
Informative!
Great🌟
Loved it! Can you do a blood CSF barrier video?
this is amazing
Thank you
Thank you. To the point.👏👏👏
Very good sir
Great video. Can you go into more detail about brain endothelial cells?
Great video, thanks!
This is great, but I have a question. What is that greyish brown cell between the astrocytic end-feet and the endothelial cells? The endothelial cells, with their basement membrane, ARE the wall of a capillary. Capillaries are the vessels where exchange with the interstitial fluid would be happening, so they are the relevant vessel when we are talking about a blood-brain barrier. There wouldn't be a cell type in between the astrocytic end feet and the endothelial cells in capillaries, would there? thanks.
Hi, the brownish layer is supposed to be the basement membrane, and the cell you can see embedded in there is a pericyte. Pericytes are embedded in the basement membrane, so they would be found between the endothelial cells and astrocytic end-feet.
Very beautiful sweet video
Nice
It's really helpful..thank you😊
Thank you my life savor!
In 2016 I nearly died from infections in my head that spread to my brain. Sinusitis, cellulitis, sepsis and meningitis. This caused a blood clot and the narrowing of an artery. I had another scan recently and had an appointment today to discuss the results. The artery has completely closed up and need another scan to make sure all the parts of my brain are getting enough blood flow. The doctor told me about it assuring me that it will most likely be fine, but I still don't really understand. If one of the arteries blocks off, will it redirect to the rest of my brain? I am very worried about this.
Génesis 1:6-8…. The CSF barrier is the firmament within us 🙌🏾💯💙
Considering the BBB's function, how are drugs able to alter my state of mind?
Drugs that affect the brain typically have qualities that allow them to pass the BBB: 1) They are very small, which enables them to pass through the tight junctions of the cells that make up the BBB, and 2) They are lipid (fat) soluble, which enables them to pass through the astrocytic end-feet that make up the BBB. These qualities enable drugs to pass from the blood into the brain.
Exact same thought I had lol
what are examples of these drugs? #interruptingforknowledge hehe
Good Job :)
I appreciate your work. Do you know of what substances/foods one would want to avoid to maintain a healthy BBB? For example, sunscreen.
Love it!! Thank you!
Can you do a video on the covid19 swab test so we can see how far it goes into the blood brain barrier if it does.
A COVID-19 test swab isn't getting close to the blood-brain barrier.
@@neurochallenged ok.. Thank you for answering so fast..
@@neurochallenged Welp, theres evidence now that COVID-19 has the ability to pass through the blood brain barrier
@@kevinvaladez6432 that's one of the reasons I won't be getting that shot.
I feel like I'm gonna pass because of your videos. Thank you
Would you be able to tell me which sources you used to make this video?
Most of it should be able to be found in any neuro textbook, but here is a paper I used for this video:
Ballabh P, Braun A, & Nedergaard M (2004). The blood-brain barrier: an overview: structure, regulation, and clinical implications. Neurobiology of disease, 16 (1), 1-13 PMID: 15207256
@@neurochallenged so this could happen with what they put in the covid shot?
can u make a vid about designer drugs? thanks
Still have to watch it about 5 times over. Why not take your time and explain it a little better. Things like this really shouldn't be rushed.
Do the circumventricular organs have "typical" blood vessels?
Yes, they're just more permeable than those found in most of the rest of the brain.
@@neurochallenged So the, they would be the glands more susceptible to heavy metal toxicity in the brain, correct? Other than the posterior pituitary gland, what other glands make up that area?
So after watching this video and looking at your subscriber count, I went to compare this video to some of the bigger educational channels: asapscience, minute physics, vsauce, etc. And I found that almost all of their videos had included some small, barely noticeable , background music. I think it helped balance the video in some way and made it more engaging. Idk why but its incredibly effective. Maybe try adding some low, royalty free music, to your videos and I think you'll find it will make a big big difference with audience retention, watch time, etc.
Another thing I noticed with the bigger channels is the speaker often changes their pitch and tone throughout the video which allows otherwise boring content to seem more interesting. Your speech is somewhat monotone, like you're reading off of a card. I think if you take a more conversational approach the video would be more engaging.
Just some things I thought I'd point out! :)
Please please don't take my comments as something coming from ill will or malicious intent, I simply thought I would give you some tips. I wish you only the best with your channel! 👍
Mr. Creasy I think the main diff between these videos and the more popular channels is that their videos are often longer than 2 minutes, so you have to be more engaging to hold attention. However, with so much info presented in 2 minutes, I’m really focused on every word that’s being said and I think any music could detract from that.
Simple, short, and super clear video. The only change needed might be to add one minute and to leave 15 seconds to finish the thought stream. I would still have watched it at 3 minutes.
How bacteria and viruses cross this tight junction of BBB? Which type of herbal medicine can cross BBB? Medicated oil applied on the scalp skin can provide herbal medicine to brain through blood vessels by crossing BBB? Please Answer.
Anything that can get into the bloodstream has the potential to cross the BBB if it has certain characteristics (e.g. lipophilic, very small). The active ingredients of some herbal medicines certainly have those characteristics. Same thing with a topical medication---it's possible if it contains ingredients that are small and lipophilic and can be absorbed transdermally into the bloodstream. But it all just depends on the characteristics of the substance.
Try dmso along with herbal medicine. I usually use mms with dmso. I learnt that it crosses bbb
1 minute neuroscience, amiright? #x2
how did you know lol
Posterior pituitary gland is like the gate keeper to pathogens entering the brain
Damn m8 😂
How to watch this video?
0.75x speed ! :)
This is what they are poking through during those "tests".
I wonder, did lobotomies also break the blood vessels, possibly causing leakage into the brain?
it's just another confirmation that God exists❤
Water is not lipid-soluble. how it's gonna pass?
The mechanisms of water passing across the BBB are not fully understood, but it does pass relatively easily. One way water seems to be able to pass is through aquaporins, which are protein channels that help water to pass in and out of cells. But aquaporins alone don't seem to explain how easily water can pass the BBB; there are likely other mechanism (e.g., active transport) involved as well.
Can the coronavirus test pierce the blood brain barrier?
No, it cannot.
God is so incredible!
طيب ليش ما في ترجمه للغه العربيه
Can the covid19 swab damage the blood brain barrier.. What could it do.
still too much information per second. It's great the video is 2min, but most ppl will just replay it a few times.
You should make it 4 minute instead. You're speaking too fast and animation looks sped up
You can record it and play back at half speed ;)
You can do that directly in the player (maybe not on mobile)
You speak too quick to understand) 3 minutes will be also ok)
+Elena Muslimova Change the video speed.
could just turn on the captions, pause the video every few sentences and read at your own pace. its a two minute challenge for a reason :-)
So, this is advocating the law of the wittier, a variant of the law of the stronger Besides, it's not a good argument in pedagogical terms either cause shoehorning complex process into 2-minute videos is not pedagogical at all!
lol turn on captions
Turn on captions and adjust the playback speed
Sado fetish
Poor guy, his voice is full of tiredness and exhaustion
talking too fast won't make it easy for me to understand.
There's a playback speed button in the settings, mate. You can use it to slow down the video if it's too fast for you.
Ur too fast