#21. 100 Wonders Of Russia. Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin

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Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin - a fortress in Nizhny Novgorod, the historic city center, a stone belt covering the top of the mountainous Cape and lying on the ledges of the Volga slope. In the Kremlin were many churches, but the moment is preserved only Michael the Archangel Cathedral, built no later than the middle of the XVI century and rebuilt in 1628-1631. - the oldest surviving in the Kremlin buildings. Founded in 1221 by Grand Prince of Vladimir Yuri Vsevolodovich Nizhny Novgorod for protection was surrounded by a wooden-earth fortifications-a deep ditch and high rampart. The first attempt to replace a wooden town on a stone Kremlin was made in 1374, in the era of Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal Grand Duchy (1341-1392). At this time, the Prince Dmitry Konstantinovich laid the Kremlin, but construction limited to only one tower, known as the Dmitrovskaya tower. Under Ivan III, Nizhny Novgorod plays the role of guard city, having a standing army and serving as a place of military training at Moscow's actions against Kazan. In order to strengthen the defense of the city begin again the work on the walls. The main work unfolded in 1508 to 1515 a grandiose building was already completed. The wall was supported by 13 towers (one of them Bachatskaya - the banks of the Volga river, has not survived). "The stone city" had a permanent garrison and a solid artillery weapons. New Volga fortress was created by the Moscow government as the primary reference point against the Kazan khanate and its military service has withstood repeated sieges and attacks. And never in all that time the enemy could not master it. With the fall of Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin lost its military significance, and later it housed the city authorities, principalities and provinces.