Slide Rule - Proportion, Percentage, Squares And Square Roots (1944)
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- Опубликовано: 30 сен 2024
- Uploaded by popular demand. Shows how to use the slide rule to calculate squares, square roots, proportions and percentages.
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This video blew mind with how well it explained how to use a slide rule. I've been a slide rule enthusiast for over 10 years, and I learned something new in this video.
how?
literally nothing in here should surprise anyone who knows what multiplication and square roots are. did you not know what those are until seeing this video?
Clear and well explained. There are plenty of examples to read off and use or compare. Fraction and ratio multiply and divide. I could type myself blisters on a calculator. And only have to set such a logaritmic stic in the right ratio.
It’s amazing and a little scary to think that when kids and adults watched this in 1944 to learn, they couldn’t simply replay it to understand it better. You probably had to wait until the next school year to have the teacher get the projector, find the film reel, and schedule the auditorium again. Now I tap my thumb 3 times.
Or just...
...go to the teacher after class? I get your point though, and that's without mentioning that the screen would have much lower resolution back in 1944, which would probably make following these films at all fairly difficult.
I doubt tvs were in classrooms in 1944 and video players didn't exist. Tv stations weren't a thing until 1950. If anything it would have been a film played on a film projector. So they could play it back all they wanted. Plus, at least when I learned slide rule in the prehistoric precalculator days of the late 1960s , it was a major part of the course and besides having teachers who spent much time on teaching the slide rule, we had these things called books that contained detailed instructions and log rule tables.
@@damham5689 Yes, books. But demonstrations for how-to stuff can be often understood far better than reading directions. That is where videos that are playable on demand (like on RUclips) excel.
@@kelly2631 I think you're joking, but just in case. This is on film, a projected medium where the smallest detail is dictated not by the video size in pixels but by the smallest grain of photosensitive material on the film.
@@ObiWanBillKenobi millions of people learned and used slide rules for decades, so teachers demonstrating, books and practice seemed to have worked.
I still have my slide rule that I bought back in high school almost 60 years ago! And I still remember how to use it!
I have mine too, but I can't remember how to use it.
@@warpedweft90043÷4 = ¾ or its = upside down in slide ruler land or 4/3 and the answer on the end .
The most amazing thing is that all this magic is made possible by 2 basic logarithm properties:
log a + log b = log ab ( and log a - log b = log a/b )
2 x log a = log a^2
I'd never heard the word "cypher" in this context before (to mean a 0). It took me a while to actually understand what it was referring to.
Old school Khan Academy.
My grandpa says this is how we got to the moon. I had no idea, I always assumed we used a rocket of some sort.
🌝🚀
Do you still believe we ever _got_ to the moon in 1969? Perhaps each Astronaut had a "Hall Pass" to get through the Van Allen radiation belt.
These things are absolutely genius. It's a shame that they're severely obsolete.
While it is true that calculators do more and generally easier to use, nothing else teaches the relationship of numbers quite the same way. Plus, they make slide rule users absolute whizzes at proportions.
No batteries needed, no algorithm errors...far.from obsolete.
@@Thomas63r2 This was my exact thought seeing proportions visually represented on this for the first time. I understand mathematics best visually (even the weird stuff like infinities, things with four or more spatial dimensions, etc.); just learning how slide rules worked would have been _such_ a useful visual aid back in elementary school, especially since they also demanded that we not use calculators. Like jeeze, at least give me something to go on like the Greeks did with geometric analogues for their algebra.
@@liesdamnlies3372 I was a schoolboy in the era just at the dawn of the common electronic calculator. Slide rules were not used in math class until the 9th grade. My ninth grade math class had a giant 5' long slide rule at the front of the class where we students watched the teacher, and then tried it out on our own purchased student slide rules. In the 10th grade calculators were available, but still expensive at about the equivalent of $400 in 2023 dollars. By my junior year hand held calculators had come down enough in price that they started to be allowed in the classroom.
@ GrayRabbit
Calculators haven’t needed batteries since the 80s.
Sure no algorithm errors.. but lots of potential for transcription and especially floating point errors.
In my home office I have my old Sterling slide rule from highschool, a pencil and a piece of paper in a frame with a small hammer on a chain attached to the frame. On the glass it says " Break in case of emergency"
Really nice presentation relating to how the slide rule let's us see all equivalent proportional relationships at one time (in this respect, slide rules are more intuitive than a modern scientific calculator).
+Steve B. I had a tough time in Math back in the early 70's, because my brain just wouldn't latch on to the relationships of numbers. My dear ol' mom bought me a slide rule and suddenly a bubble burst! I could see the mechanical operations and it became so much clearer! Calculators are good for quick, but slide rules are better for understanding. So there!
+John Halley i just got my first one about a week ago. im in my early 30s and this would have been great to have in school as it would have taught not only common sense math, but help you without simply spitting out the answer. just dont tell my ti83+ or ti89 i said that!
@@johnhalley7114 ..I agree with you 1000 percent. I saw a small clip on Facebook where the narrator said the Air Force most secret spy jet the SR 71 , in the early 60s that can reach speeds up to mach 3 was designed by engineers using a slide rule, a pencil and paper. Wow..
"The power and function of fractional derivatives of 1 standard fixed unit, repeating: a slide rule." Slide rules are nice because, in comparison, an arithmetic calculator only displays one number at a time. A slide rule shows an entire "ruled" serial tabular formation of relative values, almost like a filled spreadsheet. Although... slide rules are analog, and estimates are only as good as... estimates, perhaps off by a 'hairline' or two. 😊
I find real genius in its simplicity.
yeah... it's such a shock that inverting exponents results in being able to invert exponents... who would have thought?
If my math education in my youth were as clear and concise as this video, I'd have been able to pilot the space shuttle. Brilliant stuff. Thank you.
It probably was, but here you are alone being able to listen and repeat as necessary, in the classroom you have a lot of noise and idiots preventing the teacher giving this kind of tutorial. If discipline was enforced we might get better and brighter kids but as it stands the kids have control and respect has gone like the dodo.
@@oo0Spyder0oo You're right. Today sucks. Yesterday was better.
@@arkady714 Only in some respects, we're so much better off in many other ways such as medicines and longevity. At the cost of being beaten up or shot.... ;-)
You would need little more than that
You can pilot the space shuttle, anyone can. Now landing it safely on the other hand?
I want to sample the white noise in this video to create “retro” instructional videos.
I had a college professor who would use a slide rule for all of his calculations during his lectures, and this was in the 2000s.
Do maths exam papers that say 'no calculators' omit to say 'or slide rules'?
Fun fact: before calculators were a thing, slide rules were in fact banned in exams.
This guy's voice is so soothing
I listen to this video when I have insomnia. Works like a charm !
This video also shows that slide rules weren't absolutely perfect as modern calculators are for precision. (Granted they were accurate enough 98% of the time to get the job done.) At 17:10 the answer to the problem was posted as 163.2 according to the slide rule. Accurate enough. But my TI-30XS in comparison gives the most precise answer possible. In fact, it gives 163.5 which is as precise as it gets.
And this is of course is part of the reason why electronic calculators took over. They could give the exact decimal answer every single time. A slide rule would get it sometimes. But they're up for interpretation and can't always give an exact reading if the calculation fell in between the cross hashes on the ruler. So you would have to give your best-educated guess. In this case, they guessed it was 163.2 when in reality it's 163.5 to no fault of their own.
It's just that slide rulers weren't always 100% precise down to the first decimal. But 163.2 is accurate enough of an answer to get whatever job you were working on done correctly.
Yes, but you have to take into account significant digits... as sometime extra digits don't actually provide information and can throw off follow-on calculations when mindlessly taking a number and not using a brain to understand the numbers being calculated.
It wasn't until the Texas TI-30 came along and made electronic calculators affordable. I remember my Dad's company loaning him a desktop scientific calculator to do figures with at home. It was about the size of a shoebox and cost $1800 in 1969 dollars. He was very protective of it. It was returned to the company after a major upgrade to the company's IBM mainframe was done and he could get everything done at the office. Yes, he still carried a slide rule when out in the field.
Electronic calculators also can have errors. Back in the 90s, the State of Florida handed out 4-function TI calculators to students taking the state's standardized tests. For some of the questions, if you used the calculator, you got the wrong answer. I fortunately did everything by hand back then as it was just as fast as the calculator and you could see mistakes more easily.
for some calculations, in particular, astronomical ones, the maximum accuracy of calculations is needed. I think they used special methods for calculating with 4,5,6,... significant digits. And it surprises me how several centuries ago some scientists calculated the ephemerides of celestial bodies even without slide rules 🤯
I still have my slide rule from high school in the 70s, but have long since forgotten how to use it. I doubt if I could remember how to use a log book either. I loved maths and chose high level maths for matriculation but ended up pursuing a career where the maths was never needed. I don't consider it a waste to have studied it though, because it was the subject I enjoyed the most.
Me too my old friend, those were the days.
The US Gov't actually tried to educate citizens to improve the nation and didn't just exist to collect taxes? When the F*** was this Twilight Zone episode?
As far as I know the government still makes educational films. But I don't know if they are valuable or not.
Didn't you know that the US government funds public education?
It was before we were so "diverse"
@@thomassteele5748 Where do they get the money?
Actually they were trying to educate citizens because they collected more taxes back then. 94% on the wealthiest income earners at the time this was made.
Thank you for uploading and keeping this up. It's very helpful, and the proportions function of the slide rule is going to be a life savor to me!
This is a really helpful video! I now know how to do a few things on the old slide rule my dad gave me!
Basically the way to understand how to use a slide rule is to know the answer ahead in order of magnitude.
I was cleaning out my late grandmother's basement a few years ago after she passed and found her slide rule she used for her teaching days. This video will be helpful learning how to use it!
I still keep one that used during my engineering classes. Thanks a lot for this marvelous video.
US Office of Education. And y’all thought common core math was a new phenomenon.
REAL education was promoted back then.
big game hunter, keep mine in my backpack in case I forget my calculator during an engineering exam. happenned to me twice.
It would have been wise to keep a calculator in your backpack in case you forgot your sliderule too.
@@igrim4777 yer a silly billy
copyright is over, take the damn ad off
A few weeks ago had the urge to get a slide rule. Found one at an antique store... 1961 SIC 1570. I've watched several current videos, but these old videos produced by the Dept. of Visual Aids are great. I may end up becoming a collector of slide rules. Very cool mechanical computers! I do need my crafters magnifying glass to read it easier. Someone with a graphing calculator would need to create a graph to read out multiple solutions for proportions. Multiple solutions are instant on a slide rule.
This thing is amazing. I really want to buy one so badly.
+Aaron Cruz
My Uncle- Carl Wern- received a patent in 1968 for his ABC circular slide rule which included decimal points. This "unfair" advantage led many school teachers banning its use in the classroom. BTW, I have a few of these slide rules in mint condition for sale.
G'day Aaron,
Read the 'Slide Rule Universe' site for a *lot* of information on slide rules, both using and buying them:
www.sphere.bc.ca/test/sruniverse.html
One of the brilliant things about slide rules (which was demonstrated in the film) is that once you've set it up for a calculation, eg. 2x2, everything on the rule is now 2x..., and you can see the relationship between numbers, instead of just looking at a single answer in an electronic calculator. And Pi has an actual location :)
Unless you're a wiz at maths, I'd recommend the 'Mannheim' style slide rule, which will still do multiply, divide, square and cube roots, circumference and area of a circle, volume of a cylinder, conversions from one type of measurement to another (eg. inch to mm, pound to kg) and are cheaper. Here's Slide Rule Universe's budget slide rule page:
www.sphere.bc.ca/test/cheap.html
This Japanese company still makes circular slide rules: www.sliderule.tokyo/products/detail.php?product_id=5
They are a lot of fun, and even the simple Mannheim version is amazingly powerful. My favourite one in my small collection is a Mannheim rule made by Faber-Castell in 1927.
Cheers
Duncan
Aaron I bought one on ebay for $20.
If the numbers show and the rule slides and it has the hair line the slide rule works.
@@erikwern144 Hello, I would like to get one of your uncle´s circular slide rules. Do you still have one for sale? What is the price? Thank you! Jerry
@@gschlos08 Yes I have a handful left, some with black washer and some with the red. Email me and I can give you more particulars and attach photos. ewern@yahoo.com
If Sam Cooke had seen this we would have been deprived of a wonderful song.
Nick is absolutely right. This comment deserves at least 100 thumbs up!
Don't know much about that...
Excellent film. Clear, concise explanations for how these slide rules worked. It should give us all a better appreciation of those engineers who used these devices to help put men on the moon in 1969. Amazing.
Uh… it was computers that put men on the moon.
Giant ones at Mission Control. Three small ones on board the Command and Lunar Modules. And tons of them at all of the contractors like Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, North American, Grumman, Rocketdyne, MIT, etc etc.
Slide rules were for rough theories and quick checks.
If all they used was slide rules to get men to the moon we’d still be trying to go.
The proportion method is a game-changer. I wish the slide rule stuck around just for that!
And you never have to replace batteries!
You can print paper slide rule for free . Cut it out . Glue it to wood or plastic to get fancy
I want one
Bringing back painful memories. Lol
Couldn't wait to get my first calculator.
Great explanation, especially of the magnitude of scale with square root calculations.
These instruments were of a time when people could actually USE their brain . i have been in lots of shops and pubs etc ,where the YOUNG servers could NOT EVEN deduct 17;68 from 20 to give 2:32.i find the level of schooling or maybe just peoples expectations of youngsters so APPALLINGLY LOW nowadays . It goes along with their fucking participation ribbons . Children are actually REWARDED for bloody failure so no wonder they are lazy and only good for playing video games.I actually heard two children about 10 years old arguing with an old person that a tablet was NOT a computer . Do we not realise that the education system is raising a bunch of dumbos. OMG.
It is a consequence of convenience in our modern technological era and our obsession with machines that such analogue mental skills have gone undeveloped. People have become completely dependent upon calculators and computers to the point where not only do students never learn these skills, schools dropped the teaching of them as well. People today will look at a slide rule and automatically dismiss it as "not a computer" when that was precisely what it was: an analogue computer you used by applying the learned skill of reading the scales. Now, I was terrible at maths in school, had no real talent for it, and yet watching this film I found myself starting to visualise how the problems worked and how the slide rule could be used. Maybe I would have gotten through my algebra classes a lot easier if I had known how a slide rule could have taught me how to see the operations as clearly as I see a calendar.
Now, slide rules won't replace computers in our present day. We will never go back to them as a primary mathematical tool for high-level applications in engineering, physics, architectural design and statistics because precision results out to seven decimal places are required in so many of those functions. But the slide rule could still be a very handy teaching tool in the modern classroom to develop the skill to see how numbers work in their applications and how to estimate in your head.
I think I'll see if I can get or make one.
@@Tommy-oj4hd Not only does your little rant have nothing to do with the subject at hand, but if you REALLY believe everybody's been "made equal" and "pushed back" in this society (or even in school), you haven't been paying attention.
I'm 45 years old & i use two different slide rules occasionally as a mechanical engineer.
More importantly, can you build an Excel spreadsheet (from scratch) that can calculate 5th Order Bezier & B-Spline curves that contain 10 boundary conditions with all associated Basis functions & plot out the 4 consecutive derivatives (velocity, acceleration, jerk & ping).
I had to create my own 100 Mb spreadsheet for machine cam & follower designs.
All these cam designs, with associated Solidworks layout as verification, require 8 digit- precision. Unfortunately, slide rules are only good for up to 2 or 3 digits old precision.
Sincerely,
Young Gun
Technology changes, how well are you versed in computers? Can you use your brain and build one on your own? Even older people probably complained how your generation couldn't do something
This is not unlike the E6B flight computer I used back in the day. There wasn't anything you couldn't figure out with it.
The logarithmic scale works wonders, how amazing.
In 1944 most of the kids' fathers would have been in WWII. Many of them were already dead at this point.
Now they Are confused about what is a female and male.
Moral : don't invade others so much that you forget to discipline your own thoughts and family.
I love how they just pull numbers out of thin air and act like it’s gospel. 6:51 where does that 406 come from?
To convert mm from inches an inch is about 26 mm.
A foot is about 312 mm
A litre of milk costs twice as much as a quart of milk because the next size up is a gallon and you don't want to buy that much over its too much .
Now you know why engineer title now havent nothing to do with title from a time of this clip. If famous only beeing famous and have iq of bucket is more valuable as a present time engineer. Thats a correlation.
Just making this clever device is a work of genius. Well actually geniuses as it involved a few people with various mathematical skills to develop it to what it is today but no less amazing. I wonder if its introduction in schools was seen as terrible for our brain as it was when the calculator was when it came in?
I know that numbers would have been far more familiar to me and less intimidating if I had learned on a slide rule. Instead I always knew there was an "easy way out" via a calculator. This forced me into NOT learning the fundamentals of arithmetic in a healthy fashion.
@@life_of_riley88 Yes I would think having this would attract a healthy curiosity in maths, just being able to tinker and see the results rather than an electronic gadget just give you the answer.
Are videos in this style about English grammar? those would be the blast!
I like the quote by Robert Heinlein to the effect that if someone doesn’t know how to use a slide rule, he shouldn’t be allowed to vote.
If they bring back the slide rule, then maybe we can start visiting the moon again.
Excellently educational for a video this old...!
I do know one and one is two
And if this one could be with you
What a wonderful world this would be
When using a sliderule convert to scientific notation…easier.
Do you know how to use a slide rule? can remember all technique after a long time of not using
beatifull!!
That boy’d have to use a slide rule to find me in here.
I would love to have a novelty side rule that is perfectly functional, except it's 4x larger, big enough to read 😄
The larger slide rules that I have seen were sold to educators helping students learn how to use the wonderful 400-year-old math tool. Most were between 4' to 7' long and usually bolted to or hanging from the wall near a chalkboard. They often sell for between $400 to $900.
참 고생해서 만든 정교한 쓰레기 아무리 시대가 다르더라도 ....
I’m watching this on my calculator
God Bless calculator🤕 13:31, 15:45
so cool guys
日本語で失礼します
日本語では計算尺と読んでいますが、Slide Rule というんですね
半世紀以上前に、その不思議な仕組みに興味を持ち、親にねだって買ってもらいました
いろいろの計算が楽にできることに驚きましたし、一方で多い桁の計算には向かないことにも気づきました
学校で先生に尋ねたら、丸めや有効桁を教わりました
その時は？？？でしたがね
当時の計算尺は、基材に竹を使っていました
温度やしつどに対して変化が少ないから計算結果も狂いにくい、と教わったことを思い出しました
後に、SHARPやCASIOが関数電卓を普及させたので、そちらを使うようになりました
I feel my education system failed me
Terrific video! I especially like how you showed how to calculate the percentage of people employed, unskilled labor, etc. I do have a question, though. At 8:52, you said that "since 176 is beyond the body, shift to the other index." Just prior to saying this, the C read 91 and the D scale read 31.9. Now when you said "shift to the other index," you moved the . . . nevermind. I see.
wow those ratios are actullay super cool
I would have thought a 30 ' tree with a 5 foot shadow was shadow x 6 = tree height so 54.5 foot shadow x6 would be tower height . 🤨
Oh . I see what they did wrong . They forgot the decimal " 0 " . Now do you see it ?
Always wondered how slides rules worked. Given that the answer to the hypotenuse is closer to 163.5 than 163.2, I also now know why "computers" were needed i.e. humans capable of iterating a better answer than that provided by a single iteration on a slide rule. A single iteration using NM, produces a value good to 1 ppm although I don't know if one could get that precise using a slide rule.
Batteries not included.
This is really good movie .
today i learned the way I was taught fractions is because it was assumed schools still used slide rules....when we totally didn't...school in the 90's for reference.
I was tracking along fine until he got to square roots of decimals. If ever I need that info, I'm switching to calculator, or Alexa....
I want one of those now..
Most people can learn the slide rule most people cannot learn the Golden Rule
work amazing......
Lo vely
This is so helpful.
Excellent !!!!
ok, now how do I divide 1956 by 173?
Put hairline at 196 on D, move 173 on C to align with it. Then look at 1 index on C and read 113 on D. Then you place decimal point as 11.3.
@@willjohnston2959 What is 196? I need to divide 1956 by 173, not 196 by 173
@@ArchonLicht You can only find numbers to 3 significant figures on this size slide rule, so you treat 1956 as 1960 by rounding it. Then to help you with placing the decimal of your answer, see that 1956 ÷ 173 = (1.956 * 10^3) ÷ (1.73 * 10^2) = (1.956 ÷ 1.73) * (10^3 ÷ 10^2) ≈ 1.13 * 10^1 = 11.3.
Very interesting !
Good information.
I've learned in the Science Museum in London (the Best Science Museum in the. World), that before the 19th century only the British used the sliding rule, which partly explains why the British fleet ruled the waves.
I hugely admire and adore the small island in the centre of the world, which gave the birth to wonderfully gifted kids: the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong and Singapore ! 👍✌👏
Lana Johnson But they exited Europe
@@nelsoncabello2259 ethnicity > nationality
@@lingoalfa789 Utter stupidity for the masses, but a tiny number of ultra-rich people control the media in the UK, and were able to persuade the poorly educated folk to vote against their own interests. Now they are much poorer, the economy is collapsing, inflation rampant, goods and people shortages everywhere, but massive profits for oil and water companies. It's a hell hole, frankly.
@@ohgosh5892 It's a bit of a shame really. There are so many wonderfully industrious people in the UK and its many "cottage industries" have spawned some incredible companies.
@@ohgosh5892 not quite true. Some of us remember what happened when the UK first joined the EU and those people were very glad to have turned their back on it. The UK just signed a massive free trade agreement with Australia that will see the end of a lot of the shortages and you should soon start to see lower prices. Australia was a big trading partner with the UK before they joined the EU. The EU forced the end of that trade, but now that Brexit has happened, that trade relationship has been reinstated.
As for the massive inflation - you can't blame Brexit for that. It's happened world wide and no country has been immune, including all the EU countries. You can, however, blame China and Russia for that.
❤
?....?
The numbers of the LORD [7 and 10] in the first 4 Commandments....
Commandment #1
And God spake all these words, saying, I am the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Thou shalt have no other gods before me.
Commandment #2
Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.
Commandment #3
Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.
Commandment #4
Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: but the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.
Exodus 20:1-7, 9-11 KJV
Commandment # + Name of the LORD
Comm. #1 + 1 Name of the LORD = sum 2
Comm. #2 + 1 Name of the LORD = sum 3
Comm. #3 +2 Name of the LORD = sum 5
How many times can sum 7 and sum 10 be arrived at in the first 3 Commandments ?
Comm. #3 + sum 4 Name of the LORD = sum 7 [Sabbath]
sum 6 Comm. #1#2#3 + sum 4 Name of the LORD = sum 10 [Commandments]
Comm. #4 + 3 Name of the LORD = sum 7 [Sabbath]
How many more times can sum 7 and sum 10 be arrived at by Commandment #4 ?
Comm. #4 + 3 Name of the LORD = sum 7 [Sabbath]
Comm. #1#2#3#4 = sum 10 [Commandments]
Name of the LORD sum total 7 = sum 7 [Sabbath]
I santa to buy Theresa no One who produções😥
So 8 squared is 64 and the square root of 64 is 8… amazing! All this I can do in my head. Thanks for nothing, slide rule.
Wonderful explanation
Кто озвучивал ? Голос похожина тот, что бывает а англоязычных фильмах из северной кореи
It’s no wonder they’re obsolete.
Manoj kumar Usha Naidu venkiya naidu