Biquad Yagi 2 4GHz and 5 8GHz Upgrade!

Поделиться
HTML-код
  • Опубликовано: 25 дек 2024

Комментарии •

  • @wattage2007
    @wattage2007 9 лет назад +43

    Shouldn't be surprised you're clocking so many views. Your hands down the best guy on RUclips for this stuff!

    • @andrewmcneil
      @andrewmcneil  9 лет назад +9

      wattage2007 Thanks Wattage

    • @average8220
      @average8220 9 лет назад

      +wattage2007 wonder what those thumbdowning were thinking

    • @dragonfoe
      @dragonfoe 8 лет назад

      +average I can only imagine they are competitors who are trying to make money with some sort of rubbish that Andrew's design blow off the tarmac!! Keep at it, Andy, your a boss of all bosses.

    • @andrewmcneil
      @andrewmcneil  8 лет назад +1

      +Dragonfoe Thanks Dragonfoe

    • @geist-2111
      @geist-2111 8 лет назад

      Thanks for your informative and very useful channel, i have learned a lot from your work, i had a question but it was answered in another of your videos.

  • @minkorrh
    @minkorrh 6 лет назад

    I'm 50, always had an interest in radio and RC. Uncle was a ham and got me dabbling in electronics and I found you from looking for antenna designs for FPV. Awesome channel! I love learning about this stuff.

  • @halduck
    @halduck 3 года назад +2

    Love the use of CAD on this project: Cardboard Aided Design

  • @kruszielski
    @kruszielski 5 месяцев назад

    whatching 9 years later, and still is the best video on internet about creating a very efficient antenna for wifi.

    • @andrewmcneil
      @andrewmcneil  5 месяцев назад

      Time flies

    • @kruszielski
      @kruszielski 5 месяцев назад

      @@andrewmcneil By the way, are the templates size made on a regular A4 paper?

    • @andrewmcneil
      @andrewmcneil  5 месяцев назад +1

      @@kruszielski Yes👍

  • @totaleclipsify
    @totaleclipsify 8 лет назад +6

    I found your channel today and absolutely love it. I'm like a kid in a candy store. Definitely thumbs up.

  • @YorHighness
    @YorHighness 9 лет назад

    I will never buy a commercial antenna again. You are the wifi antenna God.

  • @PatriotPaulUSA
    @PatriotPaulUSA 7 лет назад

    I know this is old but I had to say its very nice as always, Your ingenuity is amazing. There are a lot of tinkerers and rc guys you know. I hope your channel continues to grow.

  • @dannyjohnson6967
    @dannyjohnson6967 2 года назад

    Just started watching,awesome channel, descriptive,and informative.very professional presentation and you test each product so there is no hesitation about quality or workmanship. Thank you

  • @MadLabZ
    @MadLabZ 9 лет назад +1

    Amazing videos, I have personally recreated many of your antenna builds, you are very clear on explanation, and precision in each video, A++ you-tuber keep the videos coming and thanks for your hard work.

  • @steveraby6023
    @steveraby6023 9 лет назад

    Superb build Andrew. Very impressed with your knowledge. The sooner your shop open's the better as the current antennas on the market are not so reliable.

    • @andrewmcneil
      @andrewmcneil  9 лет назад

      steve raby
      My pleasure, thanks for the feedback

  • @trahim2
    @trahim2 9 лет назад +1

    Thank you for all your great videos on antenna design.

  • @ChiragChaudhari
    @ChiragChaudhari 9 лет назад +1

    Andrew Once again great video. Those words are tiny for the amount of hard work you are putting to build these antennas. And good luck for the website and the store.
    Thank you bunch.

    • @andrewmcneil
      @andrewmcneil  9 лет назад

      Chirag Chaudhari My pleasure, thanks for the feedback

  • @johnhill5745
    @johnhill5745 9 лет назад

    Hello Andrew,I have just found your channel and it is just what I have been looking for,I have started to get the bits together to build some of your designs so thanks for sharing your knowledge and keep them coming.

  • @Vigilence
    @Vigilence 9 лет назад +1

    Super awesome video, thank you for teaching us your process and sharing your thoughts as you go about making the antenna.

  • @th3t1ck94
    @th3t1ck94 9 лет назад +1

    Great video Andrew. I'm going to fire up the CNC and make myself one.

  • @kaboooom2000uk
    @kaboooom2000uk 9 лет назад

    Excelent stuff! I am a radio amateur and love this antenna as well. I have made single section versions for 145Mhz and 440mhz, works really well. Thanks for the information.

  • @martinba77
    @martinba77 9 лет назад

    Great job Andrew hope you continue growing your channel!
    Thanks for your dedication!
    Cheers!

  • @rogerioaraujo2094
    @rogerioaraujo2094 8 лет назад

    extremely useful because this idea can be applied to 3G and 4G antennas too, tks a lot for share your project.

  • @DocMicha
    @DocMicha 9 лет назад

    Youre a real Guru. I know this, because I worked since 20 years as physicist and was involved in laseres and their modulation with microwaves. Thank You for this nice video. In one YT Video, you mention, that you have some German Datasheets. I would offer you to translate them into my (not perfect) English. Send me a PN, so I can support your channel.

  • @djgforce1980
    @djgforce1980 9 лет назад

    Great work Andrew, keep it up. I've built a few of your antennas for FPV with good results. Thanks!

    • @andrewmcneil
      @andrewmcneil  9 лет назад

      Gareth Anderson Thanks Gareth, and thanks for the feedback

    • @ThePVPshowTV
      @ThePVPshowTV 9 лет назад

      andrew mcneil
      First of all, I want to thank you for such a great build on both antenna models (5.8 & 2.4). Also, I was curious if I would to put the 5.8 antenna at the end of the 2.4 antenna or vice-versa. Would it mean that it would pick up both signals (2.4 & 5.8) ??

  • @sergoman9473
    @sergoman9473 9 лет назад

    Сделал по вашему образцу 2,4 антенну. Реально сигнал увеличился! Спасибо!

  • @noggan
    @noggan 9 лет назад

    This stuff is super interesting. Keep up the awesome informative videos! Love your work.

  • @mdesm2005
    @mdesm2005 9 лет назад

    You make it interesting somehow. You keep it real. Consider slowly introducing some tidbits of antenna theory now and then. Say starting with a dipole. Etc.

    • @andrewmcneil
      @andrewmcneil  9 лет назад

      mdesm2005 Thanks for the feedback I do want to do some fundamental videos hopefully soon.

  • @BAGINAZARD
    @BAGINAZARD 5 лет назад

    Okay, it's been years now, we need this product.

  • @borgelite
    @borgelite 9 лет назад +4

    Please can you post the range between the pcb´s for 2.4ghz ?

  • @346Moody
    @346Moody 9 лет назад

    Fascinating, inspiring stuff well done!

  • @haggar11
    @haggar11 7 лет назад

    You deserve 8k a day Andy.. well done.

  • @osmarjr43
    @osmarjr43 7 лет назад

    Too cool colleague, antenna will build your invention !!!! :)

  • @cartoon-network814
    @cartoon-network814 5 лет назад

    excellent antenna design - biquad yagi!!!

  • @hiwayM9
    @hiwayM9 9 лет назад

    I spent a career in the screenprinting field- that photosensitive emulsion on that pc board looks suspiciously familiar. We made screens, or plates for printing exactly the same way. Modern HID lighting, and tuned LED's will make that exposure time measure in seconds.
    I will be joining the forum if you build it, and once I get some specs on the window these things operate in, I may consider some ground station upgrades/options.

  • @scottycuk
    @scottycuk 9 лет назад

    Andrew great video again, I've been following your channel for some time now; a quick breakdown video of all the different designs would be good showing all the pro's and con's of each design. Obviously the polarisation circular / linear and directional etc but I would be interested to see how each different antenna performs against the other designs. A shootout between bi quad yagi / helical / yagi etc maybe? :)

  • @georgeemanson
    @georgeemanson 3 года назад +1

    Did you ever d
    get this mass produced & on sale?

  • @timurgaranin
    @timurgaranin 3 года назад

    Why is the center point of each director split? You should solder them.

  • @patedwards6968
    @patedwards6968 9 лет назад

    G'Day Andrew! I've just stumbled across you channel and I must say it is BRILLIANT! I'm an FPV pilot and always keen to learn about RF, antennaes etc. etc. I'm keen to get some serious range from my fixed wing craft so things like beam with and penetration are of interest to me. I will be scouring your channel for ideas, thanks very much, Pat!

  • @roberttucker6338
    @roberttucker6338 8 лет назад +2

    Hi Andrew,
    Do you have the files for the 5.8Ghz Biquad Yagi antenna FBV boards? Great work! I enjoy watching your site and plan to make some of your antenna's
    Thanks,
    Robert

  • @josephdiverdi6452
    @josephdiverdi6452 2 года назад

    Nice videos. I appreciate the detailed explanations you offer. I'm curious about an aspect of the bi-quad antennas that you have built in that none of them use a balanced feed on the driven element. Can you explain your actions, motivations and thinking?

  • @MrJeffschefke
    @MrJeffschefke 9 лет назад +4

    Id buy one! you should make a ebay store for them

    • @andrewmcneil
      @andrewmcneil  9 лет назад +3

      Jeff Schefke Nice

    • @davidbarley6653
      @davidbarley6653 9 лет назад +2

      +andrew mcneil i would buy as well .. put on ebay m8 ..

    • @TarekDinaji
      @TarekDinaji 9 лет назад +1

      +Jeff Schefke I would love to see a 3g and LTE version of this antenna on ebay

  • @yxhankun
    @yxhankun 9 лет назад +1

    thanks for your demonstration

  • @techtiptricks
    @techtiptricks 4 года назад

    Perfect job for 3d printing.

  • @cookaboorra
    @cookaboorra Год назад

    Hi ! I jump into your tutorials from time to time...Always amazed by your knowledge and craftmanship. ALWAYS ! Since for work I am asked to fly a DJI drone Mavic Pro over pinewoods and sometimes over tophill rocks and ice covered zones, coulkd you suggest me a 2,4 Ghz antenna design to fit on the two antennas of the radiocontroller ? Or maybe a drone antenna would be better ? THANK YOU

  • @Vigilence
    @Vigilence 9 лет назад +2

    Hi andrew, I plan on making the 2.4 Ghz one out of cardboard as a weekend project and I have a few questions as to what I will need.
    For the copper tape, what are the two widths that I will need?
    What is the length and diameter of the dowels?
    Can you recommend someone on ebay that sells quality sma connectors?

  • @haggar11
    @haggar11 7 лет назад

    Nice one andy, what is the measurement of the back reflector its not on the PDF file, Thanks in advance.

  • @RCandFPVJonathanNL
    @RCandFPVJonathanNL 9 лет назад +3

    and you could send one to Bruce;) that would be a great kickstarter! good luck mate:)

    • @jesondag
      @jesondag 9 лет назад

      Yes. Do this. If Bruce featured your antennas on his channels you'd get a lot of interest. Especially the 5.8Ghz Double helical. I'd love so see Bruce test one of those against the other helicals he's tested. I'm sure you already know who Bruce Simpson is, but if not check out RCModelReviews. You won't regret sending him your antennas to review. He has a cult following.

    • @andrewmcneil
      @andrewmcneil  9 лет назад

      jesondag I emailed Bruce in January but he never replied but with youtube and gmail it does not take long for messages to get buried and lost. I will try to get hold of him through his website.

    • @andrewmcneil
      @andrewmcneil  9 лет назад

      RC and FPV Jonathan I don't think anyone has ever had a successful antenna Kickstarter there was a guy a few years ago who claimed he could build a wifi antenna with better performance than NASA's deep space antenna arrays which is funny and of course he never got funded.

    • @RCandFPVJonathanNL
      @RCandFPVJonathanNL 9 лет назад

      andrew mcneil yeah he gets around 100 plus emails a day i think.. just try again;) and you can always try to call him. keep in mind the time difference;) you can also post a video link in the comment section in one of his latest video's. good luck mate!

  • @josephdiverdi6452
    @josephdiverdi6452 2 года назад

    Actually, I have a second question. Have you considered using straight dipoles for the parasitic elements rather than bi-quads? I'm curious whether there is an intrinsic advantage to go either way.

  • @patdoyle2514
    @patdoyle2514 5 лет назад

    You are very precise and thorough. Very well edited. Have you any thoughts of financial backing of viewers to get a one thousand run of this perfected model. A "HELP FUND ME" thing? All could benefit Apartment dwellers may not have tools and space, but we can assemble items with your videos and a few instructions. You and eBAY already have connections.

  • @lebouski
    @lebouski 8 лет назад

    nice video nice job Andrew. Is there anywhere i can get more info on making this type of yagi out of PCB's? i am new to this and want to learn how to make a good antenna like you do one day.

  • @DarkrickNetwork
    @DarkrickNetwork 9 лет назад

    As always great job

  • @thes.r.s9780
    @thes.r.s9780 9 лет назад +1

    Hello Andrew,
    Great Videos Like Always. I'm actually confused about the spaces between Reflector, Driven Element and each Director. It would be more helpful if you could share the spacing measurements.
    Thank you so much for sharing.

  • @GermanMythbuster
    @GermanMythbuster Год назад

    Is it possible to get the Gerber-Files and not just the Templates?
    Would love to make one my self 🙂

  • @readerror67
    @readerror67 9 лет назад

    Hello Andrew,
    I was wondering if you could provide the dimensions of the spacing for the reflective and parasitic elements on the 2.4G version, I noticed you mentioned it in the it for the 5.8 in the video.

  • @derpyrage3852
    @derpyrage3852 9 лет назад +1

    what program did you use to compare the signals?

  • @lastlyght9025
    @lastlyght9025 6 лет назад

    Please Reply to my question sir..
    How important the length of those elements and spacing for these antenna... And what would be the best for 4g... Thanks This video is yet the most informative I've watched for DIY antennas.. Great work sir

  • @Hoverbot1TV
    @Hoverbot1TV 9 лет назад

    Bolts a spacers would work as a spine maybe or neoprene foam which works on my panel antennas.

  • @jbx907
    @jbx907 9 лет назад

    nice design, like it

  • @Rudeabaga
    @Rudeabaga 6 лет назад

    Andrew, have you made pdfs for a long range 5.8 biquad .? Similar to the long range 2.4 with the first 3 elements, double biquads ?

  • @happyvalley808
    @happyvalley808 9 лет назад

    Love the sharing of knowledge! If you don't know him already, drop Robert Murray Smith a line and purchase some Graphene paint. He sells it for a fair price. I think silk screening may be much easier.

    • @andrewmcneil
      @andrewmcneil  9 лет назад

      happyvalley808 I just googled it sounds very interesting you could be onto something there thanks for posting the information.

  • @sickvic3909
    @sickvic3909 9 лет назад

    What did I miss? No wired connection to upper plates?

  • @narpat007
    @narpat007 Год назад

    nice video, what is the gain of this 5.8GHz bi-quad yagi ?

  • @mazsola76
    @mazsola76 7 лет назад

    Hi, Andy! I missed the thickness and material of the PCB (FR4 or else?). Could you give some hint? Thanks!

  • @JWolff-md3ij
    @JWolff-md3ij 9 лет назад

    What are you doing when you are "dialing it in"? Is that you just moving the antenna towards the strongest signal?

  • @MitjaSkuver
    @MitjaSkuver 9 лет назад +3

    Great, enjoyed the video and thanks for the templates!
    Do you have any specs for these antennas, gain / beamwidth?

    • @andrewmcneil
      @andrewmcneil  9 лет назад +4

      ***** Hi yes I meant to add it in the description, 14dbi with a 50 degree beam for the 2.4GHz and 12dbi with a 50 degree beam for the 5.8GHz. There is still areas that I want to explore with the 5.8GHz though.

    • @jbx907
      @jbx907 9 лет назад +1

      andrew mcneil thanks for the specs

    • @kittikajorns1811
      @kittikajorns1811 9 лет назад +1

      +andrew mcneil
      The performance is less than my expectation compare to how complexity it is. From my testing, dbi is slightly better than cantenna but complexity is much higher.

    • @somayajisubs
      @somayajisubs 6 лет назад

      can we get your email id to discuss about DIY about rebuilding this for RF GSM antenna?

  • @mohanty627
    @mohanty627 9 лет назад

    Andrew, You are absolutely great. There appear to be some problem in printing the template, however. Could you please post the detailed dimension giving the inner, outer (or the thickness) of all the elements for the 2.4 GHz please, so that people like me can take advantage of your efforts.

    • @andrewmcneil
      @andrewmcneil  9 лет назад

      * Mohanty What problem are you having?

    • @mohanty627
      @mohanty627 9 лет назад

      andrew mcneil Hi Andrew, Thanks for your reply. Actually, I am not getting any improvement over the 5 db Rubber duck stock antenna with the PCB Biquad Yagi. I double checked all dimensions of the PCB with the 2.4 pdf file, and they were exactly the same as per the printout. For example for the driven element, the dimensions are 31.5mm(outer to Outer edge), 25.5mm(inner to inner edge) with a thickness of 3 mm copper strip. I am suspecting that my printer has flawed while printing. Are these dimensions correct? Please confirm. Thank you so much again.

  • @GadgetAddict
    @GadgetAddict 8 лет назад

    How did you design the antenna traces? I'd like to try make one for a different frequency.

  • @07HDFatboy
    @07HDFatboy 8 лет назад

    How do you size each of the different elements from the original size to the smallest one.

  • @jwcolby54
    @jwcolby54 4 года назад

    Why don't you 3d print a case wit slots that the elements slide into? Entirely stable

  • @johnlyons83
    @johnlyons83 8 лет назад

    Andrew, I would like to use your hybrid design for a cellphone antenna design. However, I am having trouble locating the measurements for the Yagi-Biquad design. I am looking for 700mhz range. Any help would be appreciated.

  • @AndiYudhistira
    @AndiYudhistira 8 лет назад

    Hi Andrew, great video. I just want to ask, in the original yagi that you built all the parasitic elements and the reflector are connected by the PCB rod while in this upgraded version the PCB elements and the reflector are not connected or do they?
    and if they are not connected do they really serve any purpose?

  • @falconcam55
    @falconcam55 2 года назад

    Hi, What is the spacing between the elements on the 5.8ghz antenna? I used the 2.4ghz on my openhd FPV set up and got clear video up to 17km. Now eager to try the 5.8.... :))))

  • @runcycleskixc
    @runcycleskixc 7 лет назад

    what's the difference between this design (thin metal strips) and those where the leaflets are made of solid metal sheets?

  • @RedBrumbler
    @RedBrumbler 4 года назад

    I was wondering, what is the calculation for the size of the biquad patterns? I know for a simple biquad antenna the sides of the antenna should be 1/4ths of the wavelength of the signal you are trying to catch, but what about the reflector or the directors? is that the same as a "normal" yagi antenna where the 1st director is 0.45 * 1/4th of the wavelength, 2nd is 0.40 * 1/4th of the wavelength, and so on?

  • @danielfafik7661
    @danielfafik7661 8 лет назад

    Hi Andy, excellent job. I'm planing to make this kind of antenna for 2.6GHz (LTE) but how to calculate this antennas? Reflector and first director is "easy" but how to calculate spacers and degrade of size next directors? Could you give me some tips about? Thank you and best regards

  • @ultimabear
    @ultimabear Год назад

    Hi, did you ever mass-produce these?

  • @Well_Edumacated
    @Well_Edumacated 9 лет назад

    when do you think you would mass produce them?

  • @jadedsoul1
    @jadedsoul1 8 лет назад

    can you please tell me the menu in vistumbler that gives you the % strength graph. I cant seem to find the same one you use. when i click scan AP and graph 1 or 2 they are not what yours does. cheers. been subbed for years...always thumbed up.

  • @JuanSanchez-rb4qu
    @JuanSanchez-rb4qu 5 лет назад

    Would toner transfer PCB method work?

  • @jbx907
    @jbx907 9 лет назад

    hi andrew, how do we stack two for mimo configuration.

  • @mattw1680
    @mattw1680 9 лет назад

    Hi Andrew, I know it's nothing to do with this video, but can you provide a link to those pre-crimped SMA connectors you use in the router mod videos? I can't seem to find any decent ones on eBay.

  • @onedayillpay
    @onedayillpay 9 лет назад

    your first biquad yagi, i never attempted the build... i was not confident in my craft skills...
    a vinal cutting machine does come to mind for precise production of the elements... i do have access to one of these machines, but its currently in storage...
    have you thought about a double biquad yagi?

  • @rodrigotestualrodriguez2796
    @rodrigotestualrodriguez2796 7 лет назад

    Hello my friend my question is what distance apart do the elements lead
    Thank you. Since the pdf does not specify the separation
    Thank you

  • @Worzelbeast
    @Worzelbeast 9 лет назад

    Thank you for this excellent channel Andrew. I looked into making this antenna but it would cost me twice as much for a one off as you can produce them. I noticed, however, that the model on the website only has 4 elements instead of 5 on the video and on the template.. Any particular reason for this and does this mean you recommend leaving the last one out?

  • @lmoline63601
    @lmoline63601 8 лет назад

    Which software do you use to monitor the signal strength of the network adaptor?

  • @JWolff-md3ij
    @JWolff-md3ij 9 лет назад

    Also, I noticed that the lobe sized changed on certain yagi mock-ups how does this affect the signal with a lobe size change happening within the repetitions?

  • @OlegMazurov
    @OlegMazurov 9 лет назад +4

    Nice antenna! Could you please post dimensions for the elements? I'm going to cut them on a CNC mill and even though I can print the templates and measure them this won't be very accurate.

    • @andrewmcneil
      @andrewmcneil  9 лет назад +3

      Oleg Mazurov Driven element 31.25mm parasitic elements 30mm/29mm/28mm/27mm. Reflector is 110mmx50mm

    • @mohanty627
      @mohanty627 9 лет назад

      andrew mcneil Dear Andrew, are these the dimension of the inner or the outer edge? What is the thickness of the copper please?

    • @hackerynet
      @hackerynet 4 года назад

      @@andrewmcneil could you perhaps post the CAD or Gerber files?

  • @eyezonmy6
    @eyezonmy6 9 лет назад

    Are there any problems using carbon fiber rods as far as deflection? I know it can be a problem with receivers in RC planes

  • @jbx907
    @jbx907 9 лет назад

    do you have an estimate of the gain of this and it angle of view?

  • @traficdas
    @traficdas 2 года назад

    Can the bi-quad be adapted for 915Mhz lora antenna??

  • @secretAurora9
    @secretAurora9 4 года назад

    what is the spacing for the 5.8 versoin love your chanel realy instructive and well explane i want to try one for fpv tank's

  • @PaulaJBean
    @PaulaJBean 7 лет назад

    Any chance of the Biquad Yagi 2.4GHz coming back for sale again on your webshop?

  • @Peeseebeeb
    @Peeseebeeb 8 лет назад

    Hello Andrew,
    Two questions: First of all, what are the spacings for each of the antennae? SecondlyI have seen a design for a yagi converted into a cantenna, would these antennae benefit from placing in a can?

  • @rahulbahuguna123
    @rahulbahuguna123 8 лет назад

    Can I make GSM signal booster from this antenna ?

  • @henrydiez4573
    @henrydiez4573 5 лет назад

    What Windows Wifi Analyzer program does Andrew Mcneil use? And is there a similar program for Mac OS X as I want to start making some Wifi Aerials.

  • @popescuremus6996
    @popescuremus6996 6 лет назад

    Hello Andrew!
    I want to build the 2.4 GHz version for my RC plane. I have downloaed the PDV, but there aren't dimenssions. I assume that i print the pdf withh 100% scale, but i don't know the distance between the elements. Can you please give me the distance between elements?
    Thanks,
    Remus

  • @rodrigotestualrodriguez2796
    @rodrigotestualrodriguez2796 7 лет назад

    Hello my friend my question is what distance apart do the elements lead
    Thank you

  • @hannulaamanen6284
    @hannulaamanen6284 8 лет назад

    Is 5.8GHz versions back reflector grounded?

  • @fxtrader6647
    @fxtrader6647 3 года назад

    Once I buildt the antenna ...what can I do with it?
    All the WiFi sources are protected with WPA/WPA2 passwords .....

  • @rkelley8475
    @rkelley8475 8 лет назад

    I really want one but have no building skills . where can I buy one ??

  • @WRCX212
    @WRCX212 7 лет назад

    Your a genius! I would pay for one of those 5.8ghz Biquads. Did you calculate approximate gain in db?

  • @kyriakoskokkinos9038
    @kyriakoskokkinos9038 6 лет назад

    Can you please explain me how all these are connected together because i want to make one an I am confused

  • @MrGhostVortex
    @MrGhostVortex 6 лет назад

    Is there a calculator you follow to design these?

  • @WRCX212
    @WRCX212 7 лет назад

    If I used a 15 element 2.4 ghz store bought wifi yagi antenna, and cut all the elements down to half of the length that it is now, would it be slightly more resonant at 5.8ghz?
    Thanks Andrew.