what is Inguinal hernia cause, symptoms, examination, investigation, treatment |Dr. Shipra Mishra |

hernia in hindi, examination hernia, inguinal hernia signs and symptoms in hindi, direct and indirect inguinal hernia, Inguinal Hernia हर्निया क्या है इसके कारण और लक्षण
Abnormal protrusion of a viscus or a part of it through a weak point in the body (opening) is known as a hernia.
The resulting bulge can be painful, especially when you cough, bend over or lift a heavy object.
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Inguinal hernia type-
Direct hernia- Through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal
Indirect hernia- Through the deep inguinal ring
Direct Hernia-
Occurs through Hesselbach’s triangle
Weakness of posterior wall of inguinal canal (transversalis fascia)
Common risk factor-
Chronic cough & BPH
Hasselbach’s triangle-
Below- Inguinal ligament
Lateral-Inferior epigastric vessel
Medial- Rectus abdominis muscle
Inguinal canal-
4cm length
Downward & medially
Deep inguinal ring( Int. ring)- 1.25 cm above the mid inguinal point
Superficial ring (Ext. ring)- just above & lateral to the Pubic crest
Boundaries of inguinal canal-
Anterior- Ext. Oblique aponeurosis
Posterior- Fascia transversalis
Superior- Internal oblique & transversus abdominis
Inferior- Inguinal ligament
Indirect Inguinal Hernia- most common type
Herniation of abdominal contents through deep ring into the inguinal canal.
Indirect inguinal hernias are due to congenital patency of the processus vaginalis and weakening of the transversalis fascia around the internal ring.
Performed sac pass through deep ring & may extended into scrotum through superficial ring.
Types of Indirect Hernia-
Bubonocele: Sac is confined to the inguinal region or inguinal canal only
Funicular(indirect): Sac upto the root of scrotum
Complete hernia (scrotal): Sac upto the bottom of scrotum
General Examination-
On Local Examination- First examine in the standing position and then in the supine position because standing and coughing can make a hernia more prominent.
On inspection-
Site - Above inguinal ligament- Inguinal hernia
Below inguinal ligament- Femoral Hernia
Size , ShapeTemperature, Tenderness
Reducibility, Expansile impulse with cough
Investigation-
1- CBC
2- Blood sugar level
3- HIV , HBsAg
4- Abdominal ultrasound
5- CT scan
6- MRI
Treatment-
Herniotomy
Herniorrhaphy
Hernioplasty
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