What is Quantum Tunneling?
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- Опубликовано: 13 авг 2011
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Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!
In this episode we explain what quantum tunneling is and how it works! To see quantum tunneling in action, watch bit.ly/pJhIdW and learn about the sun!
Music by Nathaniel Schroeder
youtube: bit.ly/pakJLE
myspace: mysp.ac/qtmZQj Created by Henry Reich 
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You gave an analogy of what quantum tunneling is, but still didn't really explain what it actually is.
sweetness583the quantum world is based on probability, not normalcy so say im at hershy park, 5 years ago. im obviously not tall enough to go to the bigger rides, so normally I would only go to the rides I am tall enough to go on. however, theres a really cool ride I would really want to be on, with a huge line. (quantum tunneling here: ) So I cut the line and pretend to be tall enough and ride. so theres a a high chance of seeing me at a 7- ride, a low chance to see me on the ride or in line now swap out big ride w/ higher energy state, small rides w/ low energy state, me with a particle, and height w/ my energy state
sweetness583 Well, from this video I got that elemental particles "like" to be in a state of lowest energy.
I'm guessing that those slopes represent potentials in a quantum field, so elemental particles like electrons will "want" to go to the lowest point even if they can't... Chances are that they won't get there, for the most part, but in rare occasions they'll be able to.
I'm guessing that, in order to get there, they'll need to increase their energy state to "climb the slope", and then drop it in order to "fall" to the lowest energy state... if they aren't able to increase their energy state, they won't "climb that slope", that's why they normally won't get to "the other side".
But, in rare occasions, particles will ignore this, they'll get to the lowest energy state without increasing their energy state/"climbing the slope" first...they'll go through the slope, therefore: quantum tunneling.
I probably said some ridiculous stuff, but that's what I'm getting from the video...
Am I totally wrong?
Mr. Pasta Thanks that was a good explanation!
nachoexpo yw ^_^
Goreuncle This helped me understand the video a lot more, thank you.
Came here because of In a Nutshell - Kurzgesagt. Came with tons of questions. Left with more.
What a coincidence! I came here exactly for the same thing too!
Quantum physics pisses me off.
CS:GO player XD
SAME!!
Your answer is God. Jkjk, I am not one of those dumbass
That's how I explain all my lost golf balls: they quantum tunnelled themselves into the dirt
NOT GOLF BALLS! SUBATOMIC PARTICLES!
So if I don't want to be with my wife there's a very very high chance I might get divorced...but there's also a very low chance that I might be able to get a side girl. However there's a very very low chance that I get two wives and manage to hide from both that they exist!!
Wow quantum tunneling is impressive
There's a low chance but scenario 3 is possible!! Bcoz probablilty!
@@davidbennett3153 Golf balls are made of subatomic particles.
for physics, I need an hour, not a minute.
@dk bruh oh. My mistake
@dk bruh glad you had a laugh though
so wheres the Quantum tunneling part?
please take two minutes but explain a bit more on topics like these
Siraj Qazi I watched this cause somehow a pine needle ended up in between my rear windshield and the brake light on my Camry. i sent a photo to my friend saying "How did a pine needle end up here?" he replied with "It quantum tunneled" and still, I don't know how it got there... Whatever.
+Jimmy Curtin lol, in simple words (like, very simple :D), tunneling the the occurrence of such an event which is against probability of occurrence..
thanx for your reply
I just spent like 3 hours reading wiki pages on quantum mechanics and i feel disappointed in the simplicity of this "tunneling." basically the particle/photon can go through a barrier 1-3 nm thick. I like to think of it as a bulletproof vest that someone shot with a 9mm and for whatever magical reason, they scored a critical shot and the round penetrated the vest. their really isn't anymore explanation other than complex math.
Go home electron, you're drunk.
I am not drunk
"Officer I /was/ home the moment you fired your speedometer ray at me"
at least he isn't driving
So when the chicken in minecraft glitches out from the room, it isn't a bug :D
But the chicken isn´t a quantom particle
"If you can't explain it simply, then you simply don't understand it well enough." - Einstein
The Rationalist literally quantum mechanics
The Rationalist #ROASTED
This isn't about the video maker knowing it, I want to know it. By which I mean I want the complicated way.
Very Small things going through stuff
Quite awesome how he managed to explain quantum tunneling so simply even without saying quantum tunneling.
These videos are rather lacking in information, another 30sec might have helped.
+Daniel Stevens more like another 30 minutes
+The sky is falling because tomatoes are really annoying. Dude, it's only minute physics.
+The sky is falling because tomatoes are really annoying. More like another 30 hours. Per semester :p
1hr of solving PDE
It is impossible to explain something as complicated as quantum tunneling in such a brief amount of time. These videos are here to interest you in the subject by giving you the bare minimum and encouraging you to do more research by yourself.
If you are satisfied with this explanation then you weren't really asking any questions.
Electron inside nucleus: "Sup guys"
Go home electrons, you're drunk!
For anyone confused a simple way to put it is that the 'ball' tunnels through the 'mountain' or rolls over it by borrowing energy from surrounding particles in which it pays it back by making the reflected electrons more energetic than they would have been originally.
There are two things a lot of people don’t understand about quantum tunnelling:
1) It’s basically phasing. Like, when superheroes walk through walls, which is really awesome.
2) It’s extremely unlikely to happen in most cases. Like, less likely than 1/1 000 000 000. That’s why we don’t see this happening in everyday scenarios.
So, in this video, the ball might phase through the mountain, but it’s INCREDIBLY unlikely.
Great video, as always! Keep up the good work!
I don't think you know what you are talking about
@@ErDreiwen Yeah, 3 years ago when I wrote this comment I honestly didn’t know what I was talking about.
Pretty sure thats not how it works. A ball will never ever quantum tunnel. Nor has this happened in history. Its called quantum because it happens at the smallest scales.
@@buckyball2003explain it now man I have exam tomorrow
What u were doing 3 years
@@buckyball2003that's character development
quantum mechanics is always the most fascinating part of physics, in my opinion. until you observe something, every possible conclusion is true about it all at once. until you actually read this comment, it could say anything or nothing at all. in fact, while you are looking at this comment, according to quantum mechanics, a giant purple elephant is technically behind you right now as well as not existing. until you looks, that is always true.
Damn.
MClightOfDay I found your elephant.
Sorry, but Quantum can't be applied like that in the Macro wor...HOLY WHAT'S THAT ELEPHANT DOING THERE?
Matthew Abazis I know it can't, mostly, it's just my way of describing it, similar to Schroedinger's Cat, just more fun (in my opinion)
Well the rarity of that elephant appearing is ver WHAT THE HECK IS THAT ELEPHANT DOING IN MY HOUSE?! still, its very rare, that danged elephant won't appear for a long time. and I'm happy because of that. phew, still breathing....
For those who don't understand:
The valley and the mountain are metaphors for the energy barrier needed to perform chemical reactions. Basically, every chemical reaction needs a certain amount of energy (usually heat) to be added into the system (what contains the reaction) in order for the reaction to occur. When we talk about reactions "giving off" or "absorbing" energy, we are talking about the net, or total, amount of energy exchanged in the system.
Thanks for telling this to us and then not explaining shit about how it works.
Ethan Salie probability duh (as far as we know, we don't have specific natural laws
Well the electron wants to releass more energy,theres a potential energy loss on the other side so a probability chance of phasing through another particle to lose energy
I think this helped a ton. People who say otherwise are probably using your video alone to understand- and that obviously is very un-intelligent. This is a perfect supplement
I was looking for a really short video on the topic. This was perfect, thanks!
This video taught me nothing.
SuperNikio2 lol
Well...that explained nothing
He makes physics and other sciency stuff more easier to understand
Thank you or all your videos I'm an 8th grade student and studying physics.
Didnt expect to encounter this on a channel for physics. This is from Jiskefet, a series of dutch satirical sketches, honestly one of the best shows there is in comedy
I'm not really sure I learned anything other than assumption.
Welcome to theoretical physics.
epicdude61388 feeling ya!
epicdude61388
Does this theory also means that if I throw a ball on a wall, some of it might go through the wall? just for general understanding :)
shai roemi *Actual physicists brace for armchair physics* No. The only reason counter-intuitive things such as quantum tunneling occurs is the wave-particle duality of matter. Simply put, the occurrences at the quantum level are so complex and rapid we can't really completely rule out anything. A ball being thrown at a wall, however, is a trivial system with a trivial outcome. If it were a single elementary particle undergoing massive changes (nuclear fission/fussion) anything could happen.
My brain melted faster than the Chernobyl meltdown...
It's like a friend your can't lose but still can lose and you find him everywhere and nowhere at the same time
I was trying to think of something funny about that electron but then I read this. You nailed it. THUMBS UP!
you should have named this video something else. Not to dunderestimate your work but it gives the wrong idea that you're actually gonna explain it.
Its asking YOU
Could you make a video about string theory? it's very hard for me to comprehend, still I have much knowledge of it, I would like to know more. For those who don't know string theory is, strings (not silk strings, strings that are close to at least 50x smaller than an electron, at least) tie together to create the Universe, space, time, and the cosmos itself. (I'm not so sure about time) It still confuses me. that's all I know.
I think he's already told what string theory is. In one of the dimension video or something he said the world could be entirely made of with only one dimension. Check out that video.
So basically the universe is made up of one dimensional string.
if the electrons are in the nucleus then the atom can't bond right? and what happens when the protons and the electrons touch do they combine and form a neutron or do they not even care that they are touching or can you apply energy to make them combine?
I'd have classified this video as a particle in a square well but I can't think of a better example of Q' tunnelling from a classical point of view. Nice job
It would have been nice to hear an explanation of what energies are involved and how they relate to the particle "tunneling" through another medium. Does the particle lose energy when it tunnels through something or does it remain the same after it has passed through?
I would assume it gains and loses momentum before its final destination
My brain just exploded
Rip
how is it possible to find this electron inside a nucleus of an atom wouldnt the particle tear apart? (sorry for my english if they were to lousy )
Wow! All of your videos are amazing! Keep it up.
This is why when I drop my pen I find it on the other side of the room instead of on the floor where i dropped it!
Is this the reason why whenever I drop somthing I always find it on the other side of the room from where I dropped it at?
Thanks for reminding me why I majored in physics, minutephysics man.
The process is known as “electron capture” and it is an important mode of radioactive decay. In electron capture, an atomic electron is absorbed by a proton in the nucleus, turning the proton into a neutron.
So a seed is absorbed by an egg in uterus turning the egg into a baby.
Like that?
Best wishes to all!
Of course, saying something is governed by the rules of probability and leaving it at that is saying we don't know what's going on; we don't know what the physical parts are and we don't know how they interact, but here's the results that we can see.
Wow funny how this video was released on my birthday before sophomore high school year where I pretty much started to realize, “ok so last year was annoying by how no one would seem to be paying as much attention to their education, so I’m going to prove them wrong THIS year and this is EXACTLY how I’m going to do it.” “No detours or delays.”
SO INTERESTING!! cant stop watching ur vids
Quantum tunnelling is what the government does to your pay check.
How can there be an electron in the nucleus?
Hahah oh man you are giving me such a good laugh watching you struggle for some way to feel good about yourself.
"chill lmao" ~Ghandi
***** Wow we hare real keyboard knight here! watch your asses!
to answer your question electro cat, quantum particles are not really solid, they're more like a localized cloud of energy, which is why their "locations" are predicted using statistics of where they mostly are. this means that sometimes, just because the universe likes to complicate things, the electron gas could "thins out" a lot and randomly "re-denses" somewhere other then the location it was before simply because the energy cloud wants to be there. This is usually someplace close by, but sometimes the "the energy cloud" finds its way into a nucleus and "re-denses" there, because the energy tried to "go through the nucleus, and got lost", kind of like a water running through a tea towel and some of it gets trapped inside. Although my understand of this is not stellar, so if this is incorrect someone please feel free to correct me and if you are a physicist and I am correct please take the 2 seconds to confirm what I said so electrocat can have his question answered.
I understand particle location statistics and all that, but I just thought that the electromagnetic repulsion of the positively charge nucleus on the negative electron cloud would prevent the electron from being within the nucleus.
i still cant understand why or how the neutrons somehow can attach to protons and keep that bond in any atome :I any vid link to explain this to me?
if i type to long is it possible ill put my finger through one of these keys? well my fingers are made of subatomic particles so while theres more of a chance you will find an electron on the other side of the valy. statistically theres a chance you will find the ball there to.... right?
That made no sonse to me
I'm not sm-sm- smart anymore
did you drive a "for two" and get in an accident?
That atom at the end...which one is it?
So, looked at it, its oxygen, but there's 9 neutrons but 8 protons. :/
michelle bertsch Yeah so its Oxygen-17.
***** depends on your attitude
michelle bertsch 10 neutrons actually
I think O-18 is radioactive...
And with an electron in the middle,
it would just split into pieces.
Wow. I did not understand a word of that. So advanced for me!
if an e- is in the center of a nucleus will it get toghether with a p+ to form a n0?
Yeah, that video is really only an analogy & pretty useless as an explanation. I reckon you could do a proper job in the same time using the uncertainty principle & possibly cramming in wave particle duality.
I'm a fan of your videos but this one in particular didn't explain anything.
So if i do the thing with the ball with 100% accuracy enough times it would go over the mountain? theoretically?
Very well explained, lad. Well done.
I came here because Science Studio made a ideo about "why are CPUs getting hot"
yeah same!
I know why! It's because our simulations of virtual people are getting better. Basically a CPU is eating all those bytes that that virtual person is made of and spitting it out in some way all the time! And of course we all know that "you are what you eat". And since in general people want hotter virtual people, CPUs get hotter too! Ain't cience beartofu?
sooooo.......... what IS quantum tunneling?
Its pretty much PHASING through solid objects when the atoms of that object doesnt touch the atoms of the other object.
Where Can I find the tabs of the bass music ???
keep uploading such interesting videos n explaining facts
didnt explain anything.
anyone here from nerdist?
why is there any probability at all that the ball is in the next valley or inside the mountain? how does that probability arise?
hour? i can listen to him for days!!
go home electron you're drunk.
i really find this hard to believe.
The whole theory of probability is just another poor attempt to explain sub atomic particles behavior.
The thousands of variables that we aren't considering is electron is subject to interference from itself as well as other waves and particles that stretch across the entire universe.
Actually, we've SEEN this happen. Its so easy to sit on our but and critisize when their not the ones slaving away for years to learn more about our universe.
Define "seen".
Observation,study. Heres an example to name one.www.techtimes.com/articles/8545/20140616/quantum-tunnel-effect-studied-in-unique-experiment-by-austrian-scientists.htm
that is why they decided to shoot one particle at a time to prove there was no interference.
well since you just made a rash generalization of scientists, i'm going to make a rash generalization about people like you... i think some people, just don't WANT to believe how probability is intertwined with our reality,because it makes our preconceptions seem foolish, and it flies in the face of common sense, that, and for the religious, it makes the idea of God seem really really silly.
THE MYSTERY OF THE MISSING SOCKS HAS BEEN DISCOVERED
Love minutephysics, but this just made me more confused. Make a longer vid next time pls😇
so what you are really saying is, quantum mechanics does not make any sense!
This is a really bad example lol.
It’s sense. Or was that a joke
What wave Nature of particle has to with quantum tunneling....I mean where wave Nature of particle plays it's part in quantum tunneling?
No problem, good luck with your studies, maths and physics are great fields! Have fun!
Awesome, just as crazy. I'm surprised this one gets no attention...
How you get the chords like that
you taught me more than my Science teacher could do in a year.
Wait. If the particle can go through obstacles and disregard anything else, does that mean that if you drop the particle into the '1st valley' of the video, it can go in an entirely opposite direction? As in, in the video, it goes to the right, but might it go to the left?
Are you going to do another video where you actually explain quantum tunneling?
what's the song in the commercial?
Hi minute physics. Can you explain the quantumn slit experiment? I really dont know whats the connection of the observer :(
Something gives me the feeling that the laws of quantum physics, when considered at a bigger level, form the laws of classical physics. I think there’s some important relation, such as in binomials and how the small parts form a bigger whole and that whole, with other wholes, create a bigger whole. Maybe when you consider classical physics at an even immensely large level the laws change and can be predicted
I was always telling myself that i should say i wish this video was longer in the comments but then i realised... Its MINUTEphysics
What is it called when electrons are in the nucleus ?
Wow, this is just like Vsauce. You guys make learning fun and mindblowingly AWESOME!!
These videos, man. Interesting, would watch more, but I don't really get anything even close to what I came in wondering about.
This applies to very very small particles, but how about bowling balls? Is there a chance that a bowling ball goes over the hill spontaneously? Are the chances increased if we increase the slope on the other side to roll down into infinity? How does the size or mass of the object have an impact on the chances of it rolling over a hill and how does the slope effect the odds?
I'm very curious! Please if nobody knows can someone at least refer a good book where I can find this information?
I love the "Alright guys. New plan!" part... XD
What is the classical explanation as to why an electron wouldn't be in the nucleus? I thought only quantized energy i.e. quantum physics could explain this.
Because the atomic nucleus has a pull of those electrons, which exhibit an overall pattern of electron density around the nucleus. It's most concentrated at some ideal distance around the nucleus, but can exhibit distances closer or further than the ideal distance around the nucleus (extremely, extremely rare to find them too far or too close than the ideal)
We also have the opposite effect "non-classical reflection" where the particle has more than enough energy to pass the barrier, but just doesn't.
So when did you become an expert in superposition's
both yesterday and tommorow
I wander what is the probability that the electron will be inside the nucleus.
You teached me Better then my Teacher would ever do :D
I'm a year 8 and I have no idea what this guy's talking about.
But I love him teaching things.. O.o
Great video and expl and animation , as a complementary infos
These videos are awesome even if u already know what he's talking about :)
What's with the link?
I'm really at a loss here, doesn't this violate that energy conservation law? Any help on this would be appreciated.
You should've introduced a little bit about wave functions and other stuff correlated to quantum tunneling, or this will seem very confusing to people who are new to this idea.
If a electron can exist inside a the nucleus can that be used to define the energy that holds the protons together? Perhaps it decomposes into smaller negative energy. Can you make a video describing the force that hold protons together in the nucleus?
yeah, this just taught me what i already knew
Should there be oscillations depicted inside of the barrier? I think that inside, there is only an exponential decay.