What is an Anoxic Filtration System?
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- Опубликовано: 8 сен 2024
- TIME: 4:28
Anoxic Filtration System: Is a biological filtration system using Biocenosis Clarification Baskets to attract positive ions out of the water body. Using a combination of natural process clays, like that of Kitty/cat litter and tropical Laterite, a residual product of rock decay, act and react to convection, magnetic pull and/or diffusion as a biochemical reaction to attract cantons and anions out of the water column. Because of their crystalline structural state, the negative charged clay read in mV, (electrovalence) attracts positive ions like ammonium and removes it out of the bulk water.
This magnetic pull will them aid in molecular diffusion, using Facultative anaerobic hydrotropic bacteria, therefore creating under anoxic condition Dissimulative Denitrification and will turn Nitrates (NO3) into Dinitrogen Gas (N2). Thus making it safe for aquatic life to exist in ponds.
Facultative bacteria - can be found even at the top of the baskets and along the outer sides since aerobic respiration is beneficial energetically speaking. There are also other bacteria that reside in the baskets, too. Microaerophiles bacteria - will be found throughout the basket but not at the outer edges. They require oxygen, but only at lower concentrations like that of anoxic conditions. So, they stay away from the higher oxygenated outer edges because of that reason. Then there’s also an Aerotolerant bacterium - in the baskets, that can be found everywhere because oxygen does not affect them in the least nor does the deficiency (low concentrations but not completely void oxygen) of such. However, obligated aerobic bacteria - will mostly gather on the outer edges of the baskets within mm, in order to absorb the maximum amount of oxygen.
Good video Kevin. I needed to hear about the positive and negative ions to remind me the kitty litter etc is negatively charged. I am still learning and I go back to your videos all the time, such a great treasure of knowledge for all. Thank you! 😊
Dr. Novak thanks for all your efforts.
I have a question about diatoms and the thickness of the amount of kitty litter and laterite. I have set up a new 29g, and the depth of clay layer is about 2 inches. In the past my tanks had about one half inch of clay layer. The 29 has been running for 3 weeks. The 29 has a serious diatomaceous bloom. In the other tanks a bloom was minimal. Will the sub strate need to have the total clay layer reduced? I'm I over reacting, and will this as they say " THIS TO WILL PASS "?
Thanks for any input,
Form a Believer Dave Spangler
I have been watching all your videos since finding your channel two weeks ago. I had just started a 65 gal for my two Oscars one week earlier. Even though I used a Lee's UGF, I wish I would have found your channel sooner !!
I'm gathering materials for the canister Anoxic filter now and can't wait to use it on the Oscar tank.
But I have to say since getting back into the hobby late last year, Im really surprised no one mentions UGFs let alone the term Plenum. It's all we used in the 70s and 80s. In the 70s I worked in a small fish store after school. All this person used was UGFs in every tank, with one huge air compressor in the basement. Never a problem. This channel is truly a breath of fresh air for me. Some of the other channels I used to watch, I now deleted. A waste of time with all the water changes nonsense, constantly cleaning filters. Water is getting expensive but the sewer bill is many times worse!!
Just want to say many thanks to Dr. Novak for shuh a great educational channel.
You're absolutely right the only problem was when they came up with the 1 inch lift tube that went all the way to the very top of the aquarium and then started adding multiple lift tubes then the trouble started. We change from pumping water very slowly through an under gravel filter to pumping as many gallons per hour as we could to try to mimic that of sewage treatment facilities.
I forgot to mention, your audiophile channel is awesome! You did a beautiful job restoring those speakers!
It reminds me of the 70s when a neighbor who had a garage band. He and I built a pair of A7s from scratch. We couldn't afford to buy them, so we went to the local music store, got the measurements, and built them. They could take quite a beating going from gig to gig. Amazing we don't have back problems now in our 60s. Lol
They were so heavy!
Thank you Dr. Novak. Your words of wisdom continue to ring true for me.
Wow, thank you
Thank you dr I have watched it several times gives me idea why can’t we have aquarium with in built plenum’s I am your big fan sir
Thank you I appreciate that you were a big fan, I'll try to do my best not to disappoint you.
Hi Kevin, still keeping Discus all these years on. No more BCB's for me though. Only have 1 tank running a 65 gallon with 6 Discus. Using 2 sponge filters and bare bottom tank. Finally I have found some undergravel plates I am going to purchase and set up a substrate with plants. I have a drip system with overflow on this tank at present. If I get keen, I may post again. Recently went into the venture of breeding chocolate Labradors and since moving to a new state, my fishkeeping hobby was scaled right back. I was forced to sell everything before we moved, now only have very basic setup.
That was the same with me when I move to Florida had to sell a lot of my stuff and get rid of it I guess it is a price you have to pay for moving. Nice to hear from you Shaun.
Thanks for clearer insights into the workings of the BCB.
Cation= positively charged ions
anions= negatively charged ions
positively charged ions will attract negatively charged ions.
Kitty litter and other baked clays are negatively charged
ammonium/ammonia is positively charged and it gets pulled into the negatively charged bcb.[ baked clay/kitty litter ]
Nitrates [ NO3 ] is negatively charged and it gets pulled in by convection, magnetic pull or diffusion [5:43 ]
The various bacteria is fascinating to me. I wonder if it is possible to show some of the various microscopic examples described?
Edit addition: Do hydroxly form in BCB as well?
I got confused about the magnetic pull for NO3 as you stated both NO3 and baked clay are negative charged, could you clarify?
Can we use hydrocorton balls that are made up of clay as our anoxic filter media? They are one of those dark brown balls that look like clay marbles
Excellent!!!
Thank you for sharing. Excellent video. 🙏
My pleasure
How thick does the clay/laterite bed need to be in the substrate?
this is amazing!!!
is this for real???
Question: Can you make a BCB basket just using an air filter just like those box filters frome Jehmco? That way it just goes into the corner of the tank.
Dear Dr Novak I am desperate to make a BCB and I have bought all sorts of things that are not suitable.
Please would you mind telling me if providing the following is between 1mm and 3mm ,
can I use lava gravel or Bonsai gravel?
Hello, fascinating method of Nitrate reduction, thanks for sharing it.
I am an structural engineer from Georgia Tech living in Costa Rica and in the process of retiring and to entertain my self at home I am building a 5 m3 system designed to sustain up to 30 Kg of fish biomass per m3 currently working about 1/3 capacity, for treatment I included 2 55 gal settlers (one radial and one cyclonic to see which one works best for me), a 55 gal shade mesh filter, a 55 gal MBR filter and finally the sump with a fine cloth mesh and the return pumping system. I have been trying for a while to find a way to kill the nitrates to minimize the water changes and I want to test this technique. Unfortunately I have been unable to find zeolite locally as a commercial product nor cat litter of specified type (the problems of a small country/economy) but there are plenty of sources of expansive clays around that could be baked and crushed to size, any suggestions on what parameters to look for to determine usability? Would a high Cation exchange capacity be the main parameter?, How do you determine the number of baskets per m3 or number of baskets per Kg of biomass? Is the liquid iron you mention the same as Chelated iron used in agriculture?
Dear Dr. Novak. Thank you for sharing so many knowledge on anoxic filtration system. I am starting my own bcb bag project for a fish tank. I have ordered seachem flourite red as I can’t find other form of laterite in my country. I looked everywhere for kitty litter and non-clumping clay are simply not available here. I saw a JBL AquaBasis plus in this video. Found it here in Malaysia and it has iron in it. Can it be used to replace kitty litter?
We have plenty of zeolite too. Are zeolites are even better option as kitty litter alternative?
Thx again doc.
Very welcome
My little experience, last Friday one of my pepper corydora was "trapped" at the water surface, I noticed she was trying to go down but was pulled up after stopping swimming, other than that she looked fine. I thought it was a swim bladder decease as I was overfeeding the fish. So I left her that way and haven't feed them that night. On Saturday morning she was able to stay at the bottom but was swimming weird, in a stand position and sometimes upside down. Could only kept when hanging in a plant. Also other corys was bullying her (I think is a female due other two constantly chasing her). The aquarium she is at is a 10gl with a plenum but with only 1“ thick substrate. I have a new 20gl high setup with a plenum and 4“ thick substrate for almost 3 months, only the bubbler no other filtration system and getting less than 10 ppm of nitrates weekly. So I decided put her on that tank and it turned out she started behaving better in the next few hours and 1 day later was swimming totally fine, like brand new.
That really makes you think doesn't it: what is the secret?
@@anoxicfiltrationplenums clean water probably
hi doc, my English is not good. could you make a list of laterite substitutes, please? in Italy special kitty is not found!
Most clay cat litters are made of Bentonite clay - the cheap kind without fragrance, baking soda, or other additives would be what you're looking for.
Akadama 8.5% iron content as an affordable alternative to Fluorite red or Laterite, appreciate your thoughts? Attapulgite, Zeolite, or Bentonite clay cat litter as this is all that is available to me, which would you prefer, if any? appreciate your thoughts? These 2 components are easily sourced and affordable.
Hello !
I was aware of this system for a while but did not give it the attention it deserves.
I know there are a lot of tutorials out there but could you answer this simple question :
How many times do you have to change the kitty litter ?
Sounds great a little pouch of cat little in my hang on back should work good !
It does!
Zeolite - Filter media for pond? Yes I found that on Amazon
Do you think I could use tezontle instead zeolite? Is kitty litter zeolite?
How many pounds of bcb would you recommend using for a 2500 gallon pond? Would you use any other filtration i.e. mechanical filtration? My filter "canister" is a 35gallon trashcan so I can get quite a bit in there.
So on my 135 gallon tank I took my homemade wet/dry filters in my dual (connected) sumps and replaced them with two BCB baskets made out of milk crates and plastic mesh and some filter socks. The baskets are about 12x12x5 inches of oil dry. In total a full 33 pound bag was used for both with about 400 grams of laterite in them. Also replaced the biomedia in the canister with a BCB bag and some homemade chemipure (thanks for that video!). Did that about 2 weeks ago and everything has been fine, no ammonia spikes or anything. However, my ph bottomed out (I'm using the SJ Wave strips and it's 6.0 at the very highest right now). I started adding some crushed coral today and we'll see how it goes. I guess those sized baskets were probably a bit much, but the tank will be overstocked in a couple months and I wanted to take no chances. I've used crushed coral before and it stabilized my ph without issue, so I'm not worried.
All my other tanks are getting set up with plenums in the next couple weeks. Will send pics and updates.
OK now I understand why your pH went down to 6.0. That's quite a lot of kitty litter for 135 gallon tank. The good part is it will eventually subside on you and you'll be able to stabilize your pH to 7.1 or higher in a few months. After using the fluval substrate my pH dive down to 6.5 and after a few months now it's up to 7.1 - 7.5.
I have 24 lbs of oil dri and 3" coral substrate. Oildri dies reduce pH bit coral (depending on how much you use) should be good.
@@anoxicfiltrationplenums Thanks. I know it's a lot of clay, but my sump is two 17 gallon sterilite totes (22"Lx15"Wx12"H) plumbed together so that the whole thing fits under the stand. It's very basic, but it has a lot of open space (my diy wet/dry filters were oversized too). The milk crates fit so perfectly with about an inch open on both sides and just enough space on one end of each tote for the pump and a 4" sock on the other side of the bcb basket so in each sump the water comes into the sock, flows all around the basket and into the pump. I had seen one person use the kitty litter as substrate, so I didn't realize the effect would be this great. I put a couple small filter bags of crushed coral in the sump (on top of the pumps) yesterday and today the pH in the tank appears to be between 6.0 and 6.4. I'm just going to test it daily until it's around neutral and then reduce the coral until it's stable. If the effect of the kitty litter on my pH dissipates the coral bags are easy to take out (rather than using it as substrate).
For the 20 gallon, 55 gallon and 75 gallon tanks I'm in the process of setting up (they've been dry for years so I just finished resealing and water testing them) they will have plenums and run much smaller BCB baskets with pothos growing out of them. They will be put together this weekend as I just finished plumbing the overhead sumps for the 55 and 75 and making the baskets. They also have internal canisters for mechanical that I made years ago and work well. The 20 gallon will just have the plenum and an oversized HOB for mechanical/chemical.
For the life of me I can't understand why you're not either a household name or in a frame where my degree is. I'm freshly back into the hobby after a 17 year hiatus because of a 125 gallon gifted to me for my birthday in February. Problem is I'm moving in September and didn't want to move the tank and fish so I decided to wait until the move to purchase and decide what fish to love and care for. Thank goodness for time to research. Since then I've filled 3 notebooks worth of info on fancy goldfish. Granted most of it is crossed out because all of my research on RUclips has given me contradictory information. I couldn't wrap my head around the fact that these fish seemed to only live for 3ish years for "skilled" hobbyists and if you search for Oranda or Ranchu you get mostly videos on how to treat sicknesses with chemicals, unboxing new ones, or how to house them. Seemed like too much work and a lot of water waste with constant huge water changes for a fancy goldfish. Then...light bulb...I stumbled upon one of your videos and it all clicked. There has to be a different way and there you were under my nose. I've been consuming your videos and filling new notebooks with notes ever since. It finally totally makes sense. In September I'll be setting up that 125 with a canister full of bcb and a plenum! Until then I'll continue to consume past videos. Thank you Doctor....or should I say sensai?
You're absolutely right, most of the videos only show how to treat sick fish when it comes to goldfish. That's why I wanted to show people even with a very damaged goldfish no treatment was necessary and its own immune system took over and fix the fish itself. However, this was not possible 30 years ago before I came up with the anoxic filtration system and how to actually keep goldfish alive and healthy for 15 to 17 year
Another great video. I am assuming that an aquatic planting mixture
will work just as well as kitty litter in a bcb or plenum.
Yes it will
@@anoxicfiltrationplenums thanks for the reply.
Thank you for all your video. It is excellent. I have set up an anoxic filter in a slump. It was going to be five months now. I have changed my water recently. I am feeding 3 to 4 times a day. I have 27 goldfish in that tank 1000L plus slump is around 200L. I have checked my NH3 - 0.2, No2-0.5, and No3 is 10 on the second day after the water change. I do not know what to do now. Do I clean the slump? Do I put more iron in the water, which will observe in clay and work well? I see the information is not enough, but happy answer. Can you please help me with this situation. Thank you .
Hello,I love all your informative video’s. I have a question. What do you think of Poret foam, biohome, etc. for biological filtration? Can I run it with a bcb basket. I have African chiclids with a huge bio load. Thanks
Make a huge BCB. Don't use those balls/biohome and other popular stuff in the hobby.
Is there a step by step tobuild one of these?
There are several videos on how to make a Plenum or an anoxic filter. I will be this November /December be doing a rebuild on 125- gallon aquarium so stay tuned..
There was an experiment done I forgot by who or what scientist they said that they had aquariums with plenums deep substrates and shallow substrates their conclusion was all them perform the same the problem is they only did the experiment for 60 days which still isn't enough time I notice in one of my aquariums with a plenum it's been a good two years now and it's perfect the perfect ecosystem it seems in time they certainly just get better
I have ran aquariums with plenums for over 15 years before I had to take them down for some reason. It wasn't because the tank was showing any signs of fatigue it was because either had a paint the room put new carpet in or something like that.
Do you recommend using both BCB baskets and a Plenum, or is one of the two solutions fine by themselves? Thanks as always for your experience and wisdom.
That's a good question that a lot of people ask : do as do I need to use both? The answer is in all reality no, you do not need to use both. You can use one or the other. However, if you decide to use BCB baskets let's say in a sump and you throw your substrate directly on the bottom you may be competing with the substrate that's on the bottom that is not made into a plenum.
Do you use a similar filter or process with your marine tanks?
I am also curious if some gold fish, (I am looking at comets when I ask this) that like to have some water flow.
Will I need to mix it with the Laterite (if I can find this here ) for a BCB bag before placing in my external canister filter?
Also, I have sand substrate in my goldfish aquarium (180litre /40 gallon) currently. Will I need to remove this and build a plenum or can I simply add the BCB bag in my filter and have the same result?
I am eager to experiment with a bcb basket in a canister. I have run aquaponic beds on my tanks, at a rate which cycles the volume of the tank once an hour. I want to try a bcb basket on a similar timer; 15 mins on, 45 mins resting. Would you have a hypothesis/opinion to this situation Dr. Novak?
The water should travel thru the basket itself in days, not minutes. The water around the basket can be fast flowing but is not neccessary and too much flow that could force water into BCB is bad. Water around BCB could be a trickle. However, you do need water flow to mechanically remove solid waste. For example, an air fed breederbox will not pick up any fish poop.
I have to make a filter, it's amazing how the goldfish got better. Just curious, how many gallon's is your tank?
That tank is a 40 gallon breeder that you buy at any of the Petco's. It really is 48 gallons in size according to the dimensions. They also now make a 60 gallon breeder but I have not seen it yet.. It's the same height and width of the 40 gallon breeder but it's 4 foot long.
how can i do this in a canister filter?
i have a father fish method tank and i really want to try this anoxic filtration system
please help me
thank you
If you have a father, fish aquarium and it's doing fine, I would not change it. However, if you are using the method and you feel that you could do better, then that's the time to change.
i feel that something about the aquarium just isn't taking off....
like something is missing...
I’m a struggling to find a clay kitten litter non clumping in the UK 😞
Do you have a product called Zeolite? That can be used instead of clay.
@@anoxicfiltrationplenums won't zeolite just absorb ammonia and lock it up in the zeolite? Does it then get consumed by heterotrophic bacteria and released as N2 or NO2? Or does it just stay locked up in the zeolite?
I’m in the process of building a slow moving overhead sump with a main compartment containing anoxic filtration with plants growing out of the top. Is the negatively charged litter or safety zorb the only way to accomplish this? Would activated carbon pellets perform a similar function, or can you grow anaerobic bacteria with only gravel and clay?
If you're trying to make a plenum than you can make it a slow moving overhead compartment but I just can't think how you would do it. Of the different substrate which I have tested which comes up to be about a little over 100 it's seen that the kitty litter are anything related to that was the best way to achieve the BCB baskets and the correct bacteria. Some substrates which we tested cause cyanobacteria and other problems.
@@anoxicfiltrationplenums Thanks for the response I will track down some kitty litter.
Thank you for explaining. At 8:04 you show a picture of a JBL AsuaBasis plus bag. Does it mean it can be used as laterite? Or instead as Clay/kitty litter?
I have an external filter …can I just add cat litter in a stocking and put in the canister ?
I’m sorry but don’t understand fully how to make it ?
Yes, you can add the kitty litter to a bag and then add it to a canister filter. I do have videos showing how to make up a BCB bag if that's what you're interested in..
Ok. Perfect thank you. Yes I was going through your videos but wasn’t able to see that specific one.
I have found the video 😅! Thank you. Not sure though whether I can find this specific Kitty litter in the Uk. But nonetheless I am very happy with this video!
Same thing happened to me. I bought an expensive calico ranchu that turned orange and white. Extremely annoying.
My black and orange Ranchu now is almost completely white in color with very little orange on it.
Its excellent that the fish was able to heal itself. Why did it change colors so drastically though? I've seen other goldfish videos where black color fish turned orange as well...not sure if it was somewhere on this channel or some other fish video I had watched, I have consumed a LOT of fish content and am interested greatly in BCBs for ponds and in the fish tanks. I had wanted to build a larger outdoor pond this year and implement the BCB basket system into it sadly various things conspired against me and its on hold until next year. I am curious though I have a shubunkin goldfish, well I have several, but one in particular who is base that blue grey color they have but it had a lot of deep orange on it kind of in a wrapped ribbon pattern around it if that makes sense...Because my current pond is not deep enough I over winter them in a stock tank in the basement currently. Last winter it lost almost all of its orange and is mostly just the blue grey color now. I thought maybe it was a lack of sunlight and it would color up again once outside for the season. But that has not happened, fish seems healthy eats plenty swims with the others just fine I am pretty certain its grown since being out in the pond. But it has never gained back its color. Do you suppose that with proper BCBs it may gain back the color it lost? I suppose thats a highly speculative question, but I am not sure what happened with the coloration and these videos of fish turning from black to golden interests me.
They believe the black coloring is due to genetics such as the Black Moor and its telescoping eyes. So far they have not been able to get the black stabilized in other goldfish.
Black gold fish often lose the black colouring and go orange as they age. Its very common. My Black moor lost most of his black and turned a dark bronze / gold colour as he aged.
Hi Dr Novak, what are your thoughts on using purigen to complement the AFS???
My understanding the Purigen is great for cleaning the aquarium better than Carbon.
@@anoxicfiltrationplenums hi
OK, great, but when I add liquid fertilizer for the plants, will the purigen absorb it??
Good evening, always enjoy your videos full of knowledge.
Wonder if there are any videos of overhead and/or small outdoor tub anoxic filtration.
Thank you
Yes, one of the hobbiest did make a over the tank anoxic filter with BCB bags in it.
@@anoxicfiltrationplenums thank you however dont find it
Check my channel. I made one. Huge BCB in overhead sump.
Can you use Australian Attapulgite Clay cat litter is it the same product as what you use ? There are so many cat litters on the market in Australia, As I want to make a BCB for my tank
yes, I think I heard of that clay before from other people from Australia being used for a BCB basket.
How do we contact you?
drklnovak@gmail.com
Can you use clay pebbles instead of kitty litter
You can use clay pebbles for a Plenum if their size is no bigger than 1 mm to 3 mm
🙂👍
Oh my…
If i cant find natural cat litter clay …… what can i replace it ?? Very hard to find it in my country
There are lots of clay substitutes that manufactures make I think I have shown pictures in my video of some of them. You can buy them but they will cost a little more.
Basically can switch it with zeolite ?? I think zeolite its easier to find
Can I use sand or any bio media???
For what are you pertaining to?
The gold fish you showed lost his black colors, is that OK?
Goldfish losing their black is very common because it's not a fixed gene inside the goldfish. So you may wind up buying a beautiful black and orange goldfish only to have it turn orange over time in your aquarium. One goldfish that does have the fix gene in it is the Blackmore.
I thought I accidentally clicked on a movie