Doing Solids: Crash Course Chemistry #33
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- Опубликовано: 6 сен 2024
- In which Hank blows our minds with the different kinds of solids out there and talks about why they're all different and have different properties. Today, you'll learn about amorphous and crystalline solids, types of crystalline solids, types of crystalline atomic solids, properties of each type of solid, and that the properties depend on the bond types.
Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo
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Table of Contents
Amorphous and Crystalline Solids 1:27
Types of Crystalline Solids 4:07
Types of Crystalline Atomic Solids 5:17
Properties of Each Type of Solid 4:16
Properties Depend on Bond Types 6:17
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Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ
Great! Is there a way to predict if the molecule will make molecular or ionic crystals? For example, BeCl2 would seem to have ionic bonds and thus make ionic crystals, but in reality it makes molecular structures...
People used to think glass was partially liquid at room temperature because old, hand-made glass panes often had flaws and imperfections. Claiming glass was forever fluid was an easy way to explain this while making it sound cool.
Did anyone else jump at the glass shattering?? Lol XD
Chirpxxx scsa ! 😂
@@ritwicadas9327 Same.
yesssssss
I thought that the window broke next to me
i jumped like flip
...or stuffy... stuff-like...stuff-ish...stuffable...stuff...the magic dragon. LOL! :D
Guess he couldn't use Puff the magic dragon due to copyright issues i guess. Still LOL Stuff The Magic Dragon.
I love how a few episodes before this, Hank was complaining of being in John's shadow, and now he is wearing a Pizza John t-shirt.
Brotherhood 2.0!!
the broken glass genuinely made me fall out of my chair (ow)
Hank is always awesome but sometimes even more awesome .
I was in another tab and had a FREAKING HEART ATTACK when the glass smashed.
jeez me too
+All the strings ikr
To think 6 years ago I watched this to learn it for highschool, now im back at college learning it all over again, all thanks to yall
Yea, I I jumped at the glass shattering. OMG! He had to use the broken glass refrence.
Please make a video for quantum physics and its application to photons and the application of how photons excite electrons in there orbital shells
so is crystalline or amorphous easier to break? like which is more brittle? because glass is amorphous solid which is harder to break but then in real life glass is easy to break?
3:47 thumbs up if that portion scared the s*it out of you :/
I was literally just going to say that
this had been stated as jumpscare
hellooooo 'fraidy cats!
I really appreciate the topic links at the end of the episode (the ones that link back to different times within the episode). They're really helpful, especially when you're bad at chemistry!
Hello! I am an IB student and nerdfighter who thinks that the Green brothers are absolutely awesome; anyway, I was wondering if you could make a video on crystallization (of water and/or any other 'chemicals'). I think it is a very interesting topic so much that I am doing my Extended Essay about it (I want to study the effect of sound frequencies on crystallization of water). Is there already a video about it? If no could you tell us more about it?
Thanks so much for all your awesome work!!
Q: How do metals being a "sea of electrons" help with their *thermal* conductivity? I can see how it helps with electrical, but not quite thermal. Doesn't the latter have to do with atomic/molecular motion being transferred easily, and not the electrons?
Congratulations on one million subscribers! I'm so glad to have such amazing educational resources on the Internet.
At 4:46, he says that water ice had Van der Wals forces only, but I thought H2O also had hydrogen bonding. Also since when is water ice soft?
I think it's important to point out that although pure metal crystals would be anisotropic, in everyday applications, because the metals solidify in tiny crystals called grains which have random orientation, usually their behavior will be as if it were isotropic. In fact it's a very common assumption in engineering.
For all we know Hank isn't wearing any pants. So if he wasn't interacting with his clothing, the most we would notice is a lack of shirt, and that would be more awkward than inappropriate.
fartzinwind dear lord
i thought that to lol... for the dougers yes, yes it would...
Quantum mechanics says that he is both wearing and not wearing pants. And the he does and doesn’t have legs at the same time.
Will we ever get a Crash Course Physics? :)
Yes
There you go
IbanezV70CE i got u fam it is available now just for u
We from the future boi
Boiiiiiiii
Hold the spacebar at any part of the vid! It's really funny!
When you like your own comment.....
3:48 was so shocking
Like if you don't wanna get hit by that glass?
It is very hard to whistle the intro sequence.
last i heard there is an ongoing experiment using lasers to determine if glass deforms over time. The reason physicist speculate about the solid nature of glass is that its atoms look like they where frozen in place while they solidified as opposed to forming a nice lattice structure. While the definition of having define volume and not flowing toward the wall of its container satisfies some a much better definition would be molecules in a crystalline structure.
I had a friend that told me that dry ice was "A very dangerous chemical" and i should never put it my drink. and I was all "It is carbon dioxide" then he ran out of the room and I was all "Dude, you breath that out you know" and he disagreed then goggled it then was all "oh wait. because... yeah
Degrees Celsius which is another name for (Celsius) and Kelvin are two SI units used for the metric system. In science and in engineering, Celsius and kelvin are used simultaneously. But yes, if you use T it has to be in K. Both are still used. Fahrenheit is not!
Most igneous rock are made of silicon and oxygen those melt but solidify into rigid brittle structures. Any molding must be done in a container with higher melting point than the rock so molds do not display the variety of metal molds. Finally we do melt non-metallic solids to form glass, single crystal silicone to make processors and the like, and a great deal of experimental substance like super conductors, formed by spraying layers of metals and non metals over each other.
JUMPSCARE AT 3:48
breaking glass works like that for most
Bethany Lindsey same here!
Jumpscare in every YT vid ever.
i know!!!!!!!11
Could you do a video over chirality? No matter how many times I try I can't fully grasp it. Thanks!
The vapour of dihydrogen monoxide (the IUPAC recommended name, by the way, is oxidane) can cause severe burns if it comes into contact with skin.
The thumbs down are from people in denial..
Every episode you make, the closer to obsolete I become...
You are so awesome Hank!
in some alloys usually of two metals atoms of the less abundant element will replace a lattice point. In other alloys smaller atoms like carbon will fill the space between latices points. In amalgams liquid metals usually mercury dissolve solid metals. In most of these scenarios the over quality of the material is determine by the ratio of the ingredients and the cooling and forming process carbon steel has layers formed by folding the steal over and over.
Hello! Is butter an amorphous solid? Coz I'm really confused right now because my prof, the answer key, and Hank are all contradicting
"Except light"
And gravity.
Also kinda glad the nuclear forces are holding my atoms together.
I can't help but stare into John's eyes (on Hank's shirt) throughout most of this episode.
The idea that glass is a liquid comes from the fact that early glass wasn't consistent in width. Because of this inconsistency, glass was installed thick side down to prevent the heavier edge from putting extra weight on the thinner, lighter edge. This led people to believe that the glass had "slumped" over time.
hey crash couse! believe it or not, when i was little, i thought glass was a metal
+Sebastien Friolet omg same
+Emily Wu When I was little, I thought powerplants were cloudfactories
Judith Dube believe me or not when I was a kid even now too taught I would be a assassin like Altair ezio Edward and other guys and Desmond too
when I was little, I thought I was the only one who could think and everyone else was being controlled by giant alien freaks and I thought it was my duty to grow up and save the world lol
Hey Judith Dube, believe it or not, literally nobody cares
You make learning enjoyable.
" Subscribe for as little as $0 to keep up with everything we're doing. " LOL sure
Ice IS a liquid. A supercooled liquid in fact. You can see the evidence in old window panes you can see that the bottom is thicker than the top.
Do you mean glass?
I assume you mean glass, but glass is not a supercooled liquid. Old window panes were placed with the thicker part at the bottom. Glass is a disordered solid. It does not flow with time or pressure. io9.gizmodo.com/the-glass-is-a-liquid-myth-has-finally-been-destroyed-496190894
Ishan Phansalkar trt
*glass?
I wish I had these when I was learning in school. I think I would of remembered more then I did.
i have an exam on this on monday and i no idea until now sooo thanksss hannkkk!!!!
LOL The intro rolls after 2 mins
0 degrees is the temperature at which Liquid water freezes into solid ice water and it is also the temperature at which solid ice water melts into liquid ice water. (at sea level of course).
6:05, the most adorable illustration of noble gas solids ever.
Crystal Yeh NO NOT THE GUY IN THE BEARD!
Damn the glass just shocked me XD i put it at max.volume with my headphone connected...
Urk! "Metals" - as I understand it, elements such as sodium, calcium & magnesium (among others) are classified as "metals" on the periodic tables, even tho one cannot hammer calcium into a sheet nor draw it into a fine wire...
Yes it is based on water, I suppose you might be able to engineer a compound that melted at 0C but it would be difficult to get it exactly 0C I think as the bond strengths would have to be the same
I love crash course........ hank greens a gr8 explainer! thanx hank!
"A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously under the action of shear stress. ... Some substances, such as *glass* are technically classified as fluids. However, the rate of deformation in glass at normal temperatures is so small as to make its consideration as a fluid impractical." - Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer." Welty, Wicks, Wilson & Rorrer.
So that's where the "glass is a fluid" thing comes from.
These videos are great! I like to show them in my class when I can. The fast paced style is great for me, but it can be a little overwhelming for my students, many of whom are still learning English. It would be awesome if there were a crash course "light" video where the same concepts were presented, maybe with less detail and spoken slower.
Keep it up!
Try slowing the video down to 1.5 times slower. You can do that under the settings menu on the video itself. Best of luck!
i think it was about amorphe stuffs. U can't say "they are solids" or "they are fluids". If you take an amorphous glass window, if you study it on a scale of minutes, hours or days, it's a solid. But if you study it on a scale of years or hundreds of years, you will see the bottom of the window glass is larger than the top, the glass moved, on this scale, you will consider it like a fluid. (Excuse my english, not native).
One of the best videos Hawk has ever done
One of the part of high school chem I loved most was melting glass tubes to make stuff.
Hey, can you do some videos on alkanes and all the hydrocarbons etc.. this would help a lot with my Chemistry A level, thanks
I think this was my favourite episode of crash course chemistry yet
Yes, they are, and they will remain open for new subscribers as long as Subbable exists. =)
In two years the intro will have migrated to after the end credits.
What about organic solids like wood; how do they classify? They are ordered and respond to force on a gradient but would they necessarily be crystals?
DO me a solid and make more videos
"we know that metals are good conductors of heat." but how ??.
since heat is that kinetic energy (which involves movement) . it means, particles kinetic energy is more in solid than gases but particles in solids are more closely packed which indicates less movement of particles or less kinetic energy, that means less heat.... so how can we say metals are good conductors of heat .........Please EXPLAIN!!!!???
Well, Thank you Hank. I am now imagining you without clothes instead of listening to what you are meant to be teaching me.....
stompingtiger Well, that and magic dragons and rule 34.....
stompingtiger You ever seen a Chipotle bathroom? That place is nastier.
stompingtiger lol
That's Kelvin. Different temperature scale. :)
32º Farenheit = 0º Celsius = 273.15º Kelvin.
What about alloys? If metals cristalize differently from each other, how can the bonds have equal strenth?
Stuff the magic lab man loved chemistry....
yass XD
It's not the official but it's still used. Kelvin uses the Celsius scale so it's almost the same thing.
You should get Derek from Veritasium to do physics Crash Course videos. He kind of goes over concepts but it isn't as organized and fully explained as in the Crash Course format.
It doesn't. Ice does melt at 273.15 kelvin, though. (When the temperature unit is K, you don't have the degree symbol.)
And add to that that sometimes amorphous solids are called "frozen liquids" because the molecules are located as randomly as in liquids.
doing solids sounds like a euphemism for pooping
What about lattice structures, my text book says solid ionic compounds form lattice structures.
For anyone interested: The reason people think glass is a liquid is because old-timey glass was not an even sheet so for structural reasons the thickest part was positioned at the bottom of the frame making it look to modern eyes as if the glass were puddling very very slowly.
This just came up in something I'm reading for school. "A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously under the action of shear stress. ... Some substances, such as *glass* are technically classified as fluids. However, the rate of deformation in glass at normal temperatures is so small as to make its consideration as a fluid impractical." - Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer." Welty, Wicks, Wilson & Rorrer.
So that's where the "glass is a fluid" thing comes from.
dear crashcourse im sorry if you get this a lot but it would be greatly appreciated if you could make a physics crashcourse!! not that the current crash courses arnt appreciated, trust me they are, but as i watch the chemistry crashcourse i cant help but feel as if a physics one would be AWESOME! i wait eagerly for your reply
Sincerely, Aspiring Greatest Theoretical Physicist of the 21st century!!
Watching the opening segment I couldn't help but think of Dihydrogen Monoxide as one of the best test cases for how people don't understand chemicals.
Glass is sometimes called super cooled liguid though.
Cool!
So spraying on atom thick layers of substance to improve and create new characteristic . I always forget the name of that process. Crystal transistors is the second one right. They change shapes when you create a potential difference and then wont change back until a new voltage gets passed through it.
Rocks can flow under appropriate heat and pressure.
Is crystalline the same thing as crystal lattice?
No, they're related but not the same. Crystalline is the name used to describe a group of solids, while crystal lattice refers to the arrangement of the constituents (atoms/molecules/ions) within the crystalline solid. Though, this reply is really late and you must have solved your question by now...
@Haya Don't worry about the late reply. If nothing else, your reply can still help those that read the question and wondered the same thing.
Thanks Hank, most useful chemistry video for me so far!
They've toyed with the idea but said it would be rather expensive. Hopefully they can get the funds they need for it through Subbable.
3:52
we have a name for this!!
Dihydrogen monoxide is tricky stuff, once you get exposed to it, you can only live for a few days without it's presence, but if too much gets introduced to your body at once, you die even faster. nearly every person who has come into contact with it, however breafly, has ended up dead in one way or another. It has also become known that every cancer cell is made mostly of it.
The quarter inch system has an error margin of approximately .625 cm, which isn't bad if they're just giving someone their general height. But if they need to be more specific, they can. That's not inaccurate. That's not flawed. It's clunky. As far as the rest of the world using it because of the Imperial system's "flaws," that's not true. We use it because we needed standard units of measurement, and metric is much easier to use than Imperial or other measurements.
I did but this applies more to our physics course for some reason.
Thanks
Is it just me who getting an advert for scishow? This might be a rare first of an add I don't skip.
I'm getting WheezyWaiter vibes at 0:52.
To my knowledge, most rocks are made of nonmetals and metalloids, which behave very differently to metals when they are melted. I'm sure there is a more specific answer you could get, but basically when you melt down rocks you get lava/magma. When they cool it's really only possibly to get back the various igneous morphologys that you find around volcanoes
Unless is has granules of some kind in it (for exfoliating the pores and that), liquid. Just very viscous.
Aww, the Van der Waals forces are adorable
Have you made a video on why snowflakes (solid water) (or other chemicals) form fractals? If not, you should, it would be an interesting video.
BOB123456789QWER Are you a 5 year old? Your profile pic says so...
I learnt about solids quite early in High-School...learning about them after all the other stuff, just made them much easier to understand :)
Intermolecular Horses.
You forgot to note that Metals can exist as amorphous solids too. It was first discovered in 1960, by cooling molten metals too quickly for crystals to form. Metallic glass is much stronger than ordinary metals.
on a mac you type option-shift-8 °C (punintended: say it out loud)
What about Plastic crystal and Quasi-crystal?
also highly addictive! and your body builds a dependency! once you ingest dihydrogen monoxide, if you have too little, you can die, and if you have too much, you can die!