To Master Physics, First Master the Harmonic Oscillator
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- Опубликовано: 26 сен 2024
- It's hard to overstate how important the simple harmonic oscillator is in so many areas of physics. Almost every system is an oscillator near a stable equilibrium! Get the notes for free here: courses.physic...
Of all the systems you'll study in your first physics class, the oscillations of a block attached to a spring are a subject you'll meet again and again throughout your physics education. The spring exerts a force on the block (sometimes called Hooke's law) that tries to push it back toward equilibrium, and the result is that the block oscillates around equilibrium in simple harmonic motion. But why is this simple system so prevalent throughout physics? The basic reason is that you can Taylor expand any potential energy function near a stable equilibrium point, and it will almost always look like the parabola of the simple harmonic oscillator potential energy!
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These are intro-level physics videos aimed at students taking their first physics classes. In each video, I'll teach you the fundamentals of a particular physics topic you're likely to meet in your first classes on mechanics and electromagnetism.
About me:
I’m Dr. Elliot Schneider. I love physics, and I want to help others learn (and learn to love) physics, too. Whether you’re a beginner just starting out with your physics studies, a more advanced student, or a lifelong learner, I hope you’ll find resources here that enable you to deepen your understanding of the laws of nature. For more cool physics stuff, visit me at www.physicswit....
Very nicely done. Although I received my physics PhD 34 years ago, I enjoy watching your clear explanations. I'm sure many students are benefiting from your efforts. Thanks.
Glad you liked it!
wait what? wow, 34 years ago.....may i ask what your age is sir?
@@ycombinator765 35
@@ycombinator765 No, you may not. 👳
@@ycombinator765 31
if I was asked to describe physics in one sentence I'd say 'Everything is a harmonic oscillator if you're brave enough and everything converges if you wait long enough'.
A man of culture, i see
How about this “find a guy named Feynman.” Too easy I guess. I’m absolutely sure you’d do better. Feynman was such a bore. The problem was he made you laugh so hard it was impossible to forget his reasoning. But I’m absolutely sure you’d do better.
@@boonedockjourneyman7979 all of Feynman's contemporaries, like Freeeman Dyson, Leonard Susskind, and Murray Gell-Man, all claimed Feynman was a creative genius and computational savant. His sense of humor and social skills were what contrasted his freaky mathematical ingenuity and physical intuition. The *early* 20th century physics legends, figures like Bohr, said Feynman was like Paul Dirac, but human (since Dirac was basically Rain Man in the 20th century physics community).
Don't downplay Feynman's role in physics or his extreme cleverness just because he either intimidates you or appears too foolish to be a genius. Genius comes in many guises, not all of them appealing.
“He died of -heart- harmonic oscillation failure.”
I remember I was so proud for figuring out the "Taylor expand around the minimum and compare with a simple harmonic oscillator" trick by myself. There was an exercise in Kleppner/Kolenkow about some atomic potential which had 6th powers and 12th powers and I was at a loss for awhile before coming up with it. Great video!
Dude, that's our course material. I'll sure keep an eye out for the problem you mentioned
I guess you're referring to the question where U(x) is modeled as a/x^6 - b/x^12 right? And we probably had to fibd the equilibrium point which is easy, and some other question also followed.
Lennard-Jones potential! Used in solid state physics everywhere
Dude I just did that like 3 weeks ago, it's the Lennard-Jones potential!
okay this math is our assignment now. and I am facing problem 😢
Dude, you hit the nail on the head with this video. During my entire time in college, I was only able to midly link everything that I studied with one dimensional harmonic oscillator. Now, I realised why I was unable to do well in college. I'm trying to get back into Physics to pursue a PhD. Let's see how far I get with a renewed approach
One dimensional physics kuda telsa ah ra niku???😃😆
@@chandu8081 what? Mind rephrasing your comment in English?
@@Inndjkaawed2922 he's trolling you in telugu , he says "do you even know one dimensional physics?"
@@chandu8081 👏💀
Great video you made here, I study physics as an undergraduate and I failed this part last year so… I’m glad I found your channel ! pure treasure
Very glad you liked it!
Fantastic Video! Great Animations/Simulations, Super clear and concise and you show the steps in the math! Absolutely the best. I never saw the simple harmonic motion explained like this.
Thanks Kenneth!
My Father was a charterd civil engineer and a deffinate wiz with reinforced concrete. e was always banging on about SHM and how it got into everything arround us....Back in the day I was not a little behind the curve, having quite marked ADHD & OCD. in the 50"s I was just put down as Thick.... Well a lot of water under the bridge and NO not as dosey as they all thaught. How I wish I had the knowledge and understanding I now have to recognise the brilliance of Pop. We could hace rocked. I cant thank you enough you have helped me realise I may not be a dope and have something to offer. and hoe brilliant he was. However I can now get behind my two grandkids who are confirmes exceptional and in special schooling. I now know where it comes from. Just thanks a million
I just got my tenure as professor in a US college, I am a researcher but have to teaching students. I need to admit that I am not a good Physics teacher. Your videos saved me from getting fired from the job, thanks a million!
Wow!!! How Honestly criticized to Self.. I am not good of.. Physics.. 🙏🙏
That goofy potential energy profile you sketched could be scoped-out using spectroscopy for an atomic or condensed matter example. The curvature of each of the local minima would generate different energy states and spectral lines. The SHO is everywhere!
I am a mathematician from Spain and I enjoy how clear your videos explain complex topics
Thanks Pablo!
A complex concept explained elegantly! Amazing animations! Hope to see this channel grow!
Thanks Sharen!
Been following your videos for a long time now! They are absolutely amazing and the animations are really well done!
Thanks Prahar! Much appreciated
Please make a video on the forced harmonic oscillator and moment of inertia....your video and way of explanation is so amazing
I am really glad to see your videos😊
Thanks Simran!
I just found your channel yesterday and how I wish I found it when I was getting my BSc in physics. Amazing work at explaining things clearly!
I have a degree in math and physics and I only now understand what a Taylor series does. You just made sense of so much that I know
These are great. Saw a lot of this in last semester's Jr/Senior level Classical Mechanics.
Just found your channel, I see it's growing quite well! Thank you for the great explanations!
I would have loved to have a physics teacher like you back 35 years ago. Looked at your other videos as well. You give a very clear description of quantum mechanics and field theory.
Really like the comment, "...you'll see this behavior in everyday life if you PAY ATTENTION." LOL 🤓🤣
I'm from Bangladesh.
& i'm also a physics lover.
Love the video.
It helped me a lot & cleared a lot of confusions
Very beautiful . Taylor series is the best series to make an approximation of any function that helps us to make derivative and integrals with more simplicity.
Taylor series with fourier analasys ( series and transform ) help a lot when take for the first time Quantum Mechanics . Thank you so much !
Thanks Emiliano!
@@PhysicswithElliot 😉
Thank you sir! You helped me a lot to learn the subject. To be honest, I never realized that the up and down motion of the ice I put into the lemonade was an oscillating motion. Or that shirts hanging on hangers are simply oscillators as they swing. Thank you, best regards!
There's so much content in under 10 minutes. Really appreciate it.
Fantastic animation and explanation! I am not familiar with calculus in physics as I am in highschool but I will always wonder: would another term in term taylor series make our job so much harder? I would think we could add it for the shake of realism
The more terms you add the better you'll match the actual function over a wider range, but the more complicated the equation will become
In 2D systems, we sometimes need these higher-order terms to properly identify the characteristics of these equilibrium points. This is a really interesting subject and you should check out Steven Strogatz' book 'Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos' in the future!
Thanks for the great video, notes and animation. You really use an impressive way to explain these topics.
Brilliant explanation! This video contains main concepts in physics. Thank you for excellent video!
1. I've never seen the upper-case _Omega_ used here.
2. Omega is not the natural frequency; it is the angular frequency. It has units of radians per second, because sine and cosine operate on angles, not number of cycles.
Angular frequency, omega, equals 2pi×f. Where frequency, f, is in units of cycles per second (or hertz).
Dimensional analysis matters!
Ω here ya go.
I just learned about harmonic oscillation in my high school, but your video really blows my mind about many other stuff. Thank you very much :D
ummm instant sub -- wish I had your videos when I was working through Morin and ofc Kleppner all those years ago -- well done!
Thank you!
Extremely well explained! Combining high school Physics with a very measured amount of undergrad Physics with a very properly worded script to make a strong video on the harmonic oscillator.
Beautiful video! This will help a lot thanks.
Every thing in our world is vibration(kinda harmonic)
My students just did a lab on Simple Harmonic Motion today and I sent them this video! Really great overview!
I need more math intuition. I'm hopelessly lost. I liked this video. The narration was perfect
You are awesome. Thank you so much for top quality lessons.
Wow, pls keep uploading these types of videos❤
I love this upper level stuff do you think u can go over how one would deal with using eralr and complex solution to solve harmonics
eralr?
Woke up and saw this. You made my day!
Glad you liked it Agraj!
Chemistry here: You need it in chemical analytics as well. Molecules do not just rotate, they vibrate as well! And for the vibration the harmonic oscillator is used as a starting model. Later you will move on to the inharmonic one and after that: You combine those vibrations while something is rotating as well! 😉 When the vibration stretches the bond it will rotate slower... when the bond gets shorter the molecule will rotate quicker. 😉
excellent work 👍
This was great. I was preparing this chapter for a week and just finished it today. I've heard about the Taylor expansion trick but never understood from the explanations from the very few videos I could find on it. This helped me a lot.
Liked and subbed. Thanks for your efforts :)
Thanks and welcome!
Thanks for this really lucid explanation. 😊
Glad it was helpful Aditri!
You are great Elliot!
Thanks for such brilliant explanation and interpretation of modern physics ❤
I really love what you are presenting. And the content is useful and .... And just great ❤
thanks a lot Elliot, your videos help a lot!
Happy it helped Shraddha!
Great video Elliot. By the way, the 2nd Taylor expansion is also good at unstable equilibrium points. So, maybe a good idea to explain what the harmonic "oscillator" looks like in that case as well [it won't behave like an oscillator, hence my quotes - what sort of "spring" will it have?]
Thanks Carlos! When you tap a particle away from an unstable equilibrium (which remember is like a ball at the top of a hill), it will roll down the hill and in general travel far away from where it started. So the quadratic approximation isn't very useful here, because the particle will quickly leave the region where that parabola was a good approximation to the potential
this vid cuts through so much physics math misunderstanding it's ridiculous. How many times have I opened a physics textbook to stare at the harmonic oscillator problems, wondering what all the fuss was about? Hilarious. ONLY this vid explains the secret! thanks
Hey !! Can you tell me through with app you do the animation work ?? it looks so beautiful and interesting🤩 , I also want to made something like these for college presentation
Please make many videos on classical physics so that many of 11th 12th grade students can understand ur videos
Check out the earlier videos in my "help room" playlist for more!
Me: Wait, it's all harmonic oscillators?
Physics: Always has been.
A single HO is one thing, but many of them with some coupling is mind bending und fundamental.
Energy equation must first
Great job 👍
Thanks Chirag!
2:46 "How far did I pull it out" is definitely a very important question.
Brilliant ! Thanks a lot.
Thanks Carlos!
Perfect explanation
My God! 7:35 was a revelation for me!
Those moments are the best!
Thank you for your time and effort.
Elliott, please make a series on Alternating current, electronics,
Really enjoy your videos
What an amazing video
Thanks Itachi!
Interestingly that we can do the same trick for the minimum of U_{eff} from the video about orbits and then get the same result from the exact formula for r(\theta) by Taylor expansion at \epsilon=0 (which apparently corresponds to low energy, almost "harmonic oscillator" case)
Well presented
Can you please explain the velocity and pressure relation in the Bernoulli's equation, i mean not mathematically but physically like how does more velocity actually makes the pressure go down in fluids.
I will add Bernoulli's equation to my list of potential topics! It's essentially the statement of conservation of energy for a simple fluid, where the pressure force produces an extra term in the potential energy
@@PhysicswithElliot hehe, "potential" playlist. All about them potential.
Looks like you guys have a different symbol for Omega, it India we use a 'w' like looking symbol and the symbol you are using for Omega is also used for si unit of resistance.
Upper vs lower case omega!
Another new tool learned today. Thank you.
This is a first class video.
Thank you very much
great class, good job!
Thanks Michele!
i really love ur videos.....amazing explanations and in detailed manner thankuu
Proudest thing I have done in physics is finding time required to go to center of earth using shm
Wonderful demonstration sir
Man, Thank you so much
Great explanation. One minor point, if the force reference point to the left, wouldn’t F be kx instead of -kx?
great explanation thank you so much for your effort
Thank you
Thanks Elliot sir
can you do a vid on how the quantum potential energy is in the real part of the Schroedringer equation but originates from noncommutative nonlocality as explained in Moyal algebra? thanks
Oh my God, heroes see the same thing. When I decided to teach my son physics, the first thing I did was teach him solar system, Euler's formula, the Fourier transform, basically the circle.
You have a deep knowledge please upload atmospheric physics course, atmospheric wave
Dr, please make videos about all of waves from beginner to advanced
thank you
excellent narrative easy presentation. great information
Brilliant!
Thanks Umberto!
Thanks my best lecturer
Your graph of the complex potential with nearby equilibria at different levels makes me wonder how hard it would be to extend this presentation to include a bit of catastrophe theory?
Thank you so much, man!
Highly recommend the book Waves and Oscillations by Walter Fox Smith to dive deeper into this topic; there’s some errata to the book published online, but overall is excellent
I just got an idea for my next Max/MSP little instrument
He said innocuous and ubiquitous in the same sentence. Yes I needed spell check.
this was amazing thanks
Thanks Truman!
Broke my mind
Why when proving that the total energy of a block in SHM is constant do we treat the displacement (x) in the potential energy equation with the Chain Rule, yielding du/dx=kxv (4:26), while in proving that force equals the negative of the slope of the potential energy we don't use the chain rule to differentiate the elastic potential energy (U)(4:46)?
To find the rate of change with time you're taking the derivative with respect to t. To find the slope you're taking the derivative with respect to x
11:10 due to F = dU/dx at 4:31 U'(s) = some F.
Damn nice explanation. Good work bro. Keep it up.
also, taylor series can have a finite radius of convergence, so the series might diverge no matter how many parts you may add to the sum
thank you soooooo much it really helped me
🙂
Nice one. Can we please have a part 2 on the quantum harmonic oscillator?
In case anyone is gonna see this: at approximately 8:30 he is using u‘(0)x but u‘(0) and every higher derivative should just be 0 aswell therefore an approximation around the equlibrium point would only be u(0).
First question: am i right with this?
Second question: why isnt he using another formula for the taylor series when not developing his function at 0 but at 0+a (with a being the offset)? As far as im concerned the formula then looks different.
Hi [fill in blank] -- When you're near the equilibrium point, the higher powers of x will be smaller and smaller, because they're powers of a tiny number. Take a look at my video on Taylor series for more explanation
10:46 when I did my lab I didn’t now h=l-lcostheta and I had an equation around 5 times as large, while I was simplifying there was even a half angle cosine in there and I did arrive at l-lcostheta
Can't believe I've never seen the Taylor expansion trick you showed before. Very elegant.
Couldn’t you take the second derivative of the Taylor series of the loopy curve?
Nice work!
K(t)=(.5)A^2sin^2(wt+p)