The Revolt of 1857 in India - Sepoy Mutiny - First war of Indian Independence
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- Опубликовано: 12 сен 2024
- The Revolt of 1857 in India
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major, but ultimately unsuccessful, uprising in India from 1857 -58 against the rule of the British East India Company
Sepoy Mutiny, the Indian Mutiny, the Great Rebellion, the Revolt of 1857, the Indian Insurrection, and India's First War of Independence.
Causes of the Revolt:
a. Political Causes: Lord Dalhousie was the Governor-General of India till 1848-1856. Dalhousie through his policies had added considerable territories to the British Empire in India.The policy of annexation reached its climax when he implemented the policy of Doctrine of Lapse and annexed the Indian states on charges of miss-governance and absence of an heir. Dalhousie annexed Satara (1848), Sambhalpur (1850), Jhansi (1853), Nagpur (1853), Jaipur (1849).
As part of the Doctrine of Lapse policy, the titles and pensions of some Indian princes were confiscated.
b. Economic Causes:The British exploited the economic resources of India to their advantage. India turned into a colonial economy to serve the British capitalist interests.
Heavy taxation, evictions, discriminatory tariff policy against Indian products and destruction of traditional handicrafts that hit peasants, artisans and small zamindars.
c. Social and Religious Causes:The social legislations on the evils as sati, infanticide, re-marriage of widows, etc. The introduction of English education, the propagation of the work of the Christian missionaries
d. Military Causes:The high ranks in the army were exclusively reserved for the Englishmen
The immediate cause of the revolt was the introduction of the new Enfield rifle and the greased cartridge. In loading the rifle the sepoy before inserting the cartridge had to bite off its top.
Mangal Pandey on 29th March 1857, killed senior officers on parade and started the revolt.
Course and Spread of the Revolt:
The revolt spread to Berhampur in Bengal. On 24th April 1857 about ninety men of the Native Cavalry stationed at Meerut refused to accept the greased cartridges. On 10th May the revolt started at Meerut and the mutineers after killing some of their officials marched towards Delhi.
Delhi: On 12th May Delhi was seized and Bahadur Shah II was proclaimed the emperor of India.
Kanpur: Here the revolt was led by Nana Saheb who declared himself the Peshwa and governor of Bahadur Shah. Tantya Tope did most of the fighting.
Lucknow: The revolt was led by Hazrat Mahal, the Begum of Awadh
Jhansi.After some initial vacillations, Rani Laxmi Bai assumed the leadership of the mutiny.
Bareilly: Khan Bahadur Khan proclaimed himself as the Nawab and led the revolt there. The other centers of the revolt were Banaras, Allahabad, Gwalior, and Nasirabad in Rajputana, Indore, Aligarh and Kota.
At all these places the sepoys killed the senior officers and other Europeans, in many cases not even sparing women and children
However the superior British forces soon suppressed the revolt. Bahadur Shah II proved to be a weak leader 20th September 1857 by John Nicholson. Bahadur Shah was arrested and deported to Rangoon where he died in 1862.
The rebels were defeated by General Havelock in Kanpur. At Jhansi Hugh Rose suppressed the revolt and Rani Laxmi Bai died on the battle field.
Benaras, Bareilly and Gwalior were also recaptured by British officers.
Causes of the Failure:
• The revolt was highly localized and restricted to North India.
• Scindia of Gwalior, the Holkar of Indore, the Nizam of Hyderabad, the Raja of Jodhpur, the Nawab of Bhopal, the rulers of Patiala, Sindh and Kashmir and the Rana of Nepal provided active support to the British.
• The rebels lacked a common cause and had different goals.
Nature of the Revolt: Some call it a sepoy mutiny since the initial thrust of the revolt in the form of the cartridge episode was given by the soldiers.
Nationalists as V.D. Savarkar opine that the revolt was the first war of independence. They feel that the revolt sparked off the discontent of the Indians towards the foreign rule and Hindus and Muslims participated equally in the revolt and displayed a new bond of unity against the British.
Impact of the Revolt:
(a) Policy Change:
The Queen’s Proclamation of November 1858 announced the policy of the British government to be followed from now on in IndiaThe right of a ruler to adopt a child in the absence of a natural heir was accepted.
(b) Administrative Changes:January 1st 1877 Queen Victoria was proclaimed as the Queen Empress of India and the administration of India was transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown.
(c) Reorganization of the Army:The army was re-organized to strengthen British control over the country and avert any further rebellions in future.
(d) Communal and Racial Bitterness:The revolt of 1857 created a big gap between the different religious communities especially the Hindus and the Muslims as each blamed the other for its failure
There was a company rule in India from 1757 to 1857.
Charter Act was regulations which provide provisions of Governance.
First charter Act of India came in 1773. Thereafter Charter Act came in every 20 years till 1853.
With each Charter Act, Powers of Company Rule declined so that there would be direct control of British in India.
Before 1857, East India company was a mediator between India provinces and British.
After 1857, India came under Direct control of British and British ruled India directly through representatives called Governor General.
Causes of First War of Independence
Political causes
1) Doctrine of Lapse and Direct Annexation
2) Subsidiary alliance
Social and Religious Causes
1) Hindu Law of Inheritance
2) Christianity Conversion
3) Abolition of Sati and Other Social Practices
4) Modernisation
5) Culture Destroyed
Economic Causes
1) High Taxes
2) Zamindars Oppressive Measures
3) Famines
4) Domestic Industries destroyed
5) Industrial Revolution
Military Causes
1) Discrimination
2) General Service Enlistment Act,1856
3) Peasant in Uniform
Immediate Causes
The spark that led to a mutiny in several sepoy companies was the issue of new gunpowder cartridges for the Enfield rifle in February, 1857. A rumour was spread that the cartridgeswere made from cow and pig fat. Loading the Enfield required tearing open the greased cartridge with one's teeth.
This was against the Hindu and Muslim sentiments and religious ideologies. Thus they were reluctant to use the ‘Enfield’ rifle. This was a flashpoint to enrage the soldiers against the Britishers. This was believed to be the immediate factor for the revolt of 1857.
Impact of Revolt of 1857
The revolt of 1857 shook the foundation of British East India Company and disclosed their inefficiency in handling the Indian administration. The major impact was the introduction of Government of India act which abolished the rule of British East India Company and marked the beginning of British raj that bestowed powers in the hands of the British government to rule India directly through representatives.
Causes of Failure of the revolt of 1857
The revolt was eventually not successful in ousting the British from the country because of several factors.
1)The sepoys lacked one clear leader; there were several. They also did not have a coherent plan by which the foreigners would be routed.
2) Indian rulers who aided the revolt did not envision any plan for the country after the British were defeated.
3)Majorly northern India was affected by this revolt. The three presidencies of Bengal, Bombay and Madras remained mostly unaffected. The Sikh soldiers also did not take part in the rebellion.
4) Limited resources
5) No participation of Middle class
List of Important Leaders associated with the revolt of 1857
Delhi - Bahadur Shah II, General Bakht Khan
Lucknow - Begum Hazrat Mahal, Birjis Qadir, Ahmadullah
Kanpur - Nana Sahib, Rao Sahib, Tantia Tope, Azimullah Khan
Jhansi - Rani Laxmibai
Bihar - Kunwar Singh, Amar Singh
Rajasthan - Jaidayal Singh and Hardayal Singh
Farrukhabad - Tufzal Hasan Khan
Assam - Kandapareshwar Singh, Maniram Dutta Baruah
Orissa - Surendra Shahi, Ujjwal Shahi
Aftermath
India now came under thr direct rule of the British Crown. This was announced by the Lord Cunning at a Durbar in allahabad issued on 1 November 1858 in the name of Queen Victoria.
The Governor General office was replaced by that of Viceroy.
Doctrine of lapse was unfollowed.
Use of greased Cartridges stopped.
No same caste sepoy in the same group.
hope this helped you
Thanks 🙏
@@yashbhadana4608 yes brooo
Bro thank u it is coming in my exams
So nicely presented thank u
when you're not listening in history class and suddenly have an essay to write and just look at anything on youtube
Even after knowing all these our people are still not united
Both Muslims and Hindus.
Unless we unite, there won't be an order in the nation
Sikh Raj
Yes its really right
U have 50 likes now
Yup ur right👍🏻👍🏻
@@prakhar__shukla What?? What do you mean??? Why are saying like that??
Thank you. Now I can ace my S.S.C exam.
Waah devanssh beta ahem here😂
Please do explain the economic and socio religious cause in detail.Great job.Well understood
Nice video we learned so many things from this video
I was born in America and I did not know about "The Revolt of 1857," in India thank you for educating me on this history.🌼🌷🌹🌻
Power of India 🎉❤
Wow really a great video more content in less tym and covered lot more points,, thanks for this video
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THANK U VERY MUCH SIR........IT HELPED ME TO LEARN THIS CHAPTER THOROUGHLY.......I HOPE THIS FRUITFUL VDO WILL INFLUENCE MANY YOUNG READERS OF MY AGE AS WELL..LOOKING FORWARD FOR MORE VIDEOS FROM U....THANKING U.......REGARDS
AWESOME VIDEO! AFTER WATCHING I FELT LIKE THIS CHAPTER OF MY SYLLABUS HAS BEEN COVERED COMPLETELY!
Yᴇs ᴄʀᴛ
Great Video 🙌👌
Glad you enjoyed it
The vellore revolt on 10 July 1806 was the first instance and large scale mutiny by Indian sepoys against British revolt happened in tamilnadu. next revolt is 1857 revolt
Fuken Nepal traitors
Which App Did You Use To Make This Video ? The Outcom Is Superb( I mean the content not just editting) !! Helped ME to learn it easier.
We are fortunate to have such great leaders who fought for us and I like rani lakshmibai so much that I even can't tell this to her...
If any of u like her please like this comment
Thank you for updated this video it is help to study thank you
Thank you so much is understand and very useful
You are welcome
Awesome work... Thanku soo much... Amazing graphics, images n music.. Most imp, concepts got clear.. Big thumps up👍👍
Wikipedia
Very good
Thanks
THANKS FOR THIS AMAZING VIDEO IT HELPED ME A LOT FOR MY EXAM AND GAVE THE SUMMARY OF THE LESSON.
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Thank you so much Armaan, Please do share our channel to your friends.
Useful video i am pursuing phd on this topic
Please write a detailed book on your thesis.
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@@HimAspirant lmao. 7 months later.
@@snay6869 lmao 6 months later
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Glad it was helpful! Please do share about our Channel to your Friends.
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I never used to understand the chapter but you did it
Thanks
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Hello Sinan, thank you so much for appreciating us. Subscribe to our channel and share the love with your friends.
This content is really good and so is the presentation . However, the voiceover is terrible and has a thick malayali/tamil accent. Hardly comprehensible. Spoils the whole experience. This should be redone.
this video is very good because this video help to learn about the sepoy mutiny
It's not terrible to have a native speaker; a citizen of where this event took place. I think it's called authentic. I read a book about this and immediately wrote a poem.
This is not Malayalam or Tamil accent bro, as a malayali i am also facing hard to follow.
@@sandeepbankeshwar Is there anything wrong with narrating the video with a thick Malayali/Tamil accent? There is nothing to be ashamed about it. Having said that, the video should had been supported with subtitles or captions for a person difficult to comprehend. Also, Tatya Tope was pronounced as Tatya 'Tonp.' The correct pronounciation is Tatya 'Topey.'
@@warnpassion it is not about being ashamed about anything. Dont try to take the conversation in another direction just because you have no valid counter argument. The thick malayali/Tamil accent is only hampering the overall experience and im not the only one who felt that. Read the other comments below. Like i said before the visuals have been done really well, and therfore should have been supplemented/presented in a clear comprehensive language.
Very clear explanation with full english language 🥰 keep it up
Excellent and short narrative of the Mutiny.
Great Video!!
nice editing bro
Super video clear my exam thankyou
What about the British retaliation of 10 million missing Indians over 10 years. A systematic elimination of people served many interests: 1) Vengence, 2) divides Hindus and Muslims, 3) destroys dissent, 4) Excuse for Crown takeover of India from The E.I. Company - huge revenue. 5) Conservative social policies - racism and inequality. I think the British caused or refused to assist during a severe famine at this time in India claiming the lives of millions. Kinda like how they got rid of a million Irish less than a decade earlier. Starve the citizenry to kill off the undeserving masses and useless surplus population. The British people have always been a commodity to its leadership. Saves loads of money!
well guide
Impressive content!.... And great explanation 🧡
😍
superb loved it
Good, keep it up
A great video! Thank you so much!!!!
Thanks 🙏 very well put
Very useful video for UPSC aspirants
Your voice and pronunciation was fabulous
Very helpful guys
Good job
Super
This was so helpful for my finals. Thanks so much🙏
Glad it helped!
now this my favourite chapter
Excellent up to the mark
This video really helped me a lot
thank u
Really a great video
Thanks.. Explained very well..
Hello Kiran thank you for appreciating us. Don't forget to share it with your friends !
Exambin already shared :)
Hii
Nice thq for u r video......
Exact copy from Wikipedia 😄😂
Check Wikipedia..it's written what he says
So what
So did you know it from the time you were born?
🤣Fuckoff....
@Anush Makam 👍
@Anush Makam m
So what
Nice job🎉❤
hah, so india was not so united, in the revolt against the british, this is why india failed revolting against the british, India was not weak, itt was divided, and that is why it was percieved as a weak empire to conquar, Learn your lesson india! stay united !"
0 9
@@GeleckG
Well , whole world has hatred , this world has seen 2 world wars big world wars
@@GeleckG
Ypou should win at every cost and once you win , no one will ask you how you won??????
Victors are always victors , it is the loosers who face death . History is made by victors
@@GeleckG
British were the victors they raped thousands of women before their husbands , burnt them they use to pour acid on children so what??????????????????????/They were the victors they have all right to crush the loosers
@@GeleckG
at last but not the least
Love you from my core of my heart , really love you , love you totally love you
Helpful vedio😊
A very good video
Good explanation
Nice
sir which app did u use for editing plz tell sir,plz
Thank You So Much
Thank you so much sir for this wonderful summary
Thanks for expressing your feedback. Do share about our channel with your friends.
Very good video
V. Good vedio
Awesome
great video bro keep up
Can I know how did u make this video?
Using combination of different softwares used for Audio and Video Production. You may try Audacity and Adobe Suite to get started with
Nice way of representing of revolt 1857 good sainik school entrance exam
Good 👌
Amazing
Great explanation I just love it
😍
Thank u soo much sir...... I got the Lesson-THE COMING OF BRITISH
I understood point to point
Thank you once again sir.....
And also I like ur explainig way
Good explanation🥰
Too good information
this was nice which really maked me interesting and superb......
Thank you BIjin
Good Explanation. I wanted that you should make video on prime minister and council of ministers.
Hello Afroz thank you for supporting us, don't forget to share it with your friends !
According to British authors its an Sipoy Munity But as per our knowledge and according to Indian authors its a first spark of Indian Freedom fight, Britishers manueplate the reality......
Thanks sir it was a nice recapitulation of the revolt of 1857 ,nicely explained specially ur voice is giving a nice perfect touch to make the video from better to best.
hi good morning
Thanku soo much sri
What was the immediate cause of revolt of 1857 please tell me the answer .... pleade
Introduction of enfield rifles with greased cartridges
@@lemonwillow and the prophesy that the British rule in india would cease 100 years from the battle of plassey in 1757
ended company rule
Tribal revolts started in 1769.
In south gujarat dang district
5 tribal adivasi kings defa6ed British army.
Biritish never ruled on dang district.
Biritish army was defated by5 tribal kings.
Gujarat government also celebrated this victory of tribal king.
Dang darbar which is program name which held in dang district.
Every year.
In 562 princely states this 5 states where never ruled b biritish government.
I am tribal peope from dhodiya tribe from south gujarat.
An excellent video. Keep it up!
SUPERB SIR. GOOD WORK. THANK YOU!!!
Thank you for such a informative video 🙏🙏🙏helped me a lot.....
From what software you bad it
Nice video
So nice explaination
Good video for knowledge about our past struggles
A Useful video !!
Thank you !!!!!
Good animation effects and explanation
Thank you so much for your appreciation. Keep visiting our channel.
@@exambin yes its good animated and all the topics were created in one video
Excellent
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Great work👍 want more historical videos
thank you sir its helps.....why revolt of 1857 is called the first war of independence ? those who have clear idea about it please do reply.
Because it was the first time when all the major parts of India came together and revolted against the Britishers that is why Indian historians have named it as the first war of independence.
@@priyanshitewari5006 only major parts didn't revolt, it was a minority. Its called revisionist history.
@@gwres in my textbook it's mentioned majority
@@priyanshitewari5006 if the majority of India had rebelled the British would never have held on. The main rebellion was centred around Delhi, and a few other areas only.
@@gwres i get it but they had a lot of tactics to suppress Indians , we fought for very long and even when masses were involved it was very difficult to remove the intruders .
i understand nicely great job😎😎
Hello Jimani, thank you for supporting us, don't forget to share it with your friends !
Short and clear.
Thank u so much for such a wonderful journey of revolt of 1857
Narayan jee Tiwari
Nice explanation 😚😚
The First War Of Indian Independence Of Paika Bidroh, Odisha (1817). Sipahi Bidroh Is Second War Of Indian Independence.
Beautiful video
Superb dude
He is just saying the information from Wikipedia! Word to Word
🕉🕉🕉🕉🕉🕉🕉🕉जय सियाराम